What historical events took place on September 2. Day of the Patrol Service of the Police of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia

The memorable date was established by the federal law "On Amendments to Article 11 of the Federal Law "On the Days of Military Glory and Commemorative Dates of Russia", signed by Russian President Dmitry Medvedev on July 23, 2010.
The international legal basis for establishing a new memorable date is the Japanese Surrender Act, signed on September 2, 1945 on behalf of the United Nations by representatives of the allied states, including the USSR, that were at war with Japan. This document marked the end of World War II. The largest war in the history of mankind between two world military-political coalitions lasted six years - from September 1, 1939 to September 2, 1945. It covered the territories of 40 states of three continents: Europe, Asia, Africa, as well as all four oceans (Atlantic, Pacific, Indian and Arctic).
The war was unleashed by fascist Germany, Italy and militarist Japan together with other members of the fascist bloc. 61 states were drawn into it, of which 14 were on the side of the states of the Berlin-Rome-Tokyo axis and 47 on the side of the anti-Hitler coalition. The total population of the states plunged into the war exceeded 1.7 billion people.

Exactly 60 years ago, on September 2, 1945, Japan's surrender was signed aboard the battleship Missouri. Second World War ended.

For Soviet Union this last campaign was fleeting - only 24 days - and victorious. The population learned about it only from short and solemn reports of the Sovin-Formburo, where unforgettable names sounded - Mukden, Port Arthur ... No bombing, no blackouts - the war was distant and almost imperceptible. Preparations for it took place in deep secrecy, and she herself turned out to be semi-secret. Even in the history books, they talked about her briefly and indistinctly. Victory Day over Japan - the day the Second World War ended - never became a holiday for Russia.

On June 22, 1941, when Nazi Germany attacked the USSR, the Great Patriotic War began. It was then that the foundation was laid for the creation of the anti-Hitler coalition.
On May 8, 1945, the final Act of the unconditional surrender of Nazi Germany and its armed forces was signed in Berlin, and May 9 was declared Victory Day in the USSR. The Great Patriotic War is over.

Desiring to secure their borders on Far East, the Soviet Union at the Yalta and Potsdam conferences of the leaders of the three allied powers assumed the obligation to enter the war with Japan after the end of the war with Germany. On August 8, 1945, in accordance with these obligations, the Soviet Union declared war on Japan and on August 9 began hostilities.
At the final stage of World War II, during the Manchurian strategic, South Sakhalin offensive and Kuril landing operations, the grouping of the USSR Armed Forces in the Far East defeated the troops of the Japanese Kwantung Army and liberated northeastern China, North Korea, South Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands. The military and economic potential of Japan was seriously undermined, and the defeat of the Kwantung Army forced this country to capitulate.
World War II is over. It brought incalculable destruction and huge losses to all the states participating in it. The victory of the Soviet Union and the countries of the anti-Hitler coalition over Nazi Germany and militaristic Japan in this war was of world-historical significance and had a huge impact on the entire post-war development of mankind.
The history of Russia has always been rich significant events worthy of being immortalized in the memory of the people. In all ages, the heroism and courage of Russian soldiers, the power and glory of Russian weapons have been an integral part of the greatness of the Russian state. The memorable date of September 2 is a kind of second Victory Day. The Soviet Armed Forces defended the freedom and independence of the motherland, participated in the liberation of the peoples of eleven countries of Europe from fascist oppression, and expelled the Japanese occupiers from Northeast China and Korea.

September 3, 1945 was approved by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR as Victory Day over Japan.
For many years, this date was ignored in the official calendar of significant dates. Today, historical justice has been restored: September 2 has been declared a public holiday - in memory of "compatriots who have shown dedication, heroism, devotion to their homeland and allied duty to the member states of the anti-Hitler coalition in the implementation of the decision of the 1945 Yalta Conference on Japan."

September 2 at Russian Federation commemorated as "The Day the Second World War Ended (1945)". This memorable date is established in accordance with the Federal Law "On Amendments to Article 1 (1) federal law"On the days of military glory and memorable dates in Russia", signed by the President of the Russian Federation Dmitry Medvedev on July 23, 2010. The Day of Military Glory was established in memory of compatriots who showed selflessness, heroism, devotion to their homeland and allied duty to the countries - members of the anti-Hitler coalition in the implementation of the decision of the Crimean (Yalta) conference in 1945 on Japan. September 2 is a kind of second Victory Day for Russia, victory in the East.

This holiday cannot be called new - on September 3, 1945, the day after the surrender of the Japanese Empire, the Day of Victory over Japan was established by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. However, for a long time, this holiday was practically ignored in the official calendar of significant dates.

The international legal basis for establishing the Day of Military Glory is the Act of Surrender of the Empire of Japan, which was signed on September 2, 1945 at 9:02 am Tokyo time on board the American battleship Missouri in Tokyo Bay. On behalf of Japan, the document was signed by Foreign Minister Mamoru Shigemitsu and Chief of the General Staff Yoshijiro Umezu. Representatives of the Allied Powers were Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers Douglas MacArthur, American Admiral Chester Nimitz, Commander of the British Pacific Fleet Bruce Fraser, Soviet General Kuzma Nikolaevich Derevyanko, Kuzma Nikolaevich Derevianko, General Su Yong-chan, French General J. Leclerc, Australian General T. Blamey, Dutch Admiral K. Halfrich, New Zealand Air Vice-Marshal L. Isit and Canadian Colonel N. Moore-Cosgrave. This document put an end to World War II, which, according to Western and Soviet historiography, began on September 1, 1939 with the attack of the Third Reich on Poland (Chinese researchers believe that World War II began with the attack of the Japanese army on China on July 7, 1937).

Do not use prisoners of war for forced labor;

To provide units that were located in remote areas with additional time to stop hostilities.

On the night of August 15, the "young tigers" (a group of fanatical commanders from the department of the military ministry and the capital's military institutions, headed by Major K. Hatanaka) decided to disrupt the adoption of the declaration and continue the war. They planned to eliminate the "peace advocates", remove the text of Hirohito's speech accepting the terms of the Potsdam Declaration and ending the war by the Empire of Japan before it was broadcast on the radio, and then persuade the armed forces to continue the fight. The commander of the 1st Guards Division, which was guarding the imperial palace, refused to take part in the rebellion and was killed. Giving orders on his behalf, the “young tigers” entered the palace, attacked the residences of the head of the government of Suzuki, the lord custodian of the seal K. Kido, the chairman of the Privy Council K. Hiranuma and the Tokyo radio station. However, they could not find the tapes with the recording and find the leaders of the "peace party". The troops of the capital's garrison did not support their actions, and even many members of the "young tigers" organization, not wanting to go against the emperor's decision and not believing in the success of the case, did not join the putschists. As a result, the rebellion failed in the first hours. The instigators of the conspiracy were not tried, they were allowed to commit ritual suicide by ripping open the abdomen.

On August 15, the address of the Japanese emperor was broadcast on the radio. Given the high level of self-discipline among Japanese statesmen and military leaders, there was a wave of suicides in the empire. On August 11, the former Prime Minister and Minister of the Army, a staunch supporter of an alliance with Germany and Italy, Hideki Tojo, tried to commit suicide with a shot from a revolver (he was executed on December 23, 1948 as a war criminal). On the morning of August 15, the minister of the army, Koretika Anami, committed hara-kiri "the most magnificent example of the samurai ideal", in a suicide note he asked the emperor for forgiveness for his mistakes. The 1st Deputy Chief of the Naval General Staff (formerly the commander of the 1st Air Fleet), the "father of the kamikaze" Takijiro Onishi, Field Marshal of the Imperial Japanese Army Hajime Sugiyama, as well as other ministers, generals and officers committed suicide.

Kantaro Suzuki's cabinet has resigned. Many military and political leaders began to lean towards the idea of ​​a unilateral occupation of Japan by US troops in order to save the country from the communist menace and preserve the imperial system. August 15 were terminated fighting between the Japanese armed forces and the Anglo-American forces. However, Japanese troops continued to offer fierce resistance to the Soviet army. The units of the Kwantung Army were not given the ceasefire order, and therefore the Soviet troops were also not instructed to stop the offensive. Only on August 19, Marshal Alexander Vasilevsky, Commander-in-Chief of the Soviet Forces in the Far East, met with Hiposaburo Hata, Chief of Staff of the Kwantung Army, where an agreement was reached on the procedure for the surrender of Japanese troops. The Japanese units began to hand over their weapons, this process dragged on until the end of the month. The South Sakhalin and Kuril landing operations continued until August 25 and September 1, respectively.

On August 14, 1945, the Americans drafted "General Order No. 1 (for the army and navy)" to accept the surrender of Japanese troops. This project was approved by American President Harry Truman and on August 15 it was reported to the allied countries. The project indicated the zones in which each of the allied powers had to accept the surrender of the Japanese units. On August 16, Moscow announced that it generally agreed with the project, but proposed an amendment - to include all the Kuril Islands and the northern half of the island of Hokkaido in the Soviet zone. Washington has not raised any objections to the Kuriles. But with regard to Hokkaido, the American president noted that the Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces in the Pacific, General Douglas MacArthur, was surrendering Japanese armed forces on all the islands of the Japanese archipelago. It was specified that MacArthur would use symbolic armed forces, including Soviet units.

From the very beginning, the American government did not intend to let the USSR into Japan and rejected allied control in post-war Japan, which was provided for by the Potsdam Declaration. On August 18, the United States put forward a demand to allocate one of the Kuril Islands. Moscow rejected this impudent harassment, saying that the Kuriles, according to the Crimean agreement, are the possession of the USSR. Soviet government announced that it was ready to allocate an airfield for the landing of American commercial aircraft, subject to the allocation of a similar airfield for Soviet aircraft in the Aleutian Islands.

On August 19, a Japanese delegation headed by the Deputy Chief of the General Staff, General T. Kawabe, arrived in Manila (Philippines). The Americans notified the Japanese that their forces were to liberate the Atsugi airfield on August 24, the areas of Tokyo Bay and Sagami Bay by August 25, and the Kanon base and the southern part of Kyushu by the middle of the day on August 30. Representatives of the Imperial Japanese Armed Forces requested that the landing of the occupying forces be delayed by 10 days in order to increase precautions and avoid unnecessary incidents. The request of the Japanese side was granted, but for a shorter period. The landing of advanced occupation units was scheduled for August 26, and the main forces for August 28.

On August 20, the Japanese in Manila were handed the Act of Surrender. The document provided for the unconditional surrender of the Japanese armed forces, regardless of their location. The Japanese troops were to immediately cease hostilities, release prisoners of war and interned civilians, ensure their maintenance, protection and delivery to the indicated places. On September 2, the Japanese delegation signed the Instrument of Surrender. The ceremony itself was structured to show the United States' primary role in defeating Japan. The procedure for the surrender of Japanese troops in various parts of the Asia-Pacific region dragged on for several months.

The prophet Samuel was the fifteenth and last judge of Israel, who lived 1146 years before the birth of Christ. He descended from the tribe of Levi, was the son of Elkanah from Ramathaim-Zophim, from Mount Ephraim. He was born asking the Lord through the prayers of his mother Anna (which is why he received the name Samuel, which means "begged"), and even before birth he was dedicated to God. When the boy was 3 years old, his mother went with him to Silom and by vow gave him to the tabernacle in the care of the high priest Eli, who at the same time was also a judge over the people of Israel. The prophet grew in the fear of God, and already at the age of 12 he had a revelation that God would punish the entire house of the high priest Eli for the fact that he did not bridle his wicked sons.
The prophecy came true when the Philistines, having killed 30,000 Israelites (among them were the sons of the high priest Hophni and Phinehas), won the victory and took the Ark of God. Hearing about this, the high priest Eli fell from his seat on his back at the gate and, having broken his back, died. The wife of Phinehas, to whom the rumor of what had happened at the hour when the baby was born, died with the words: "Glory has departed from Israel, for the Ark of God has been taken" (1 Sam. 4:22).
After the death of Eli, Samuel became the judge of the people of Israel. Under him, the Ark of God was returned from captivity by the Philistines themselves, and after the Israelites turned to God, they returned to themselves all the cities that the Philistines had taken. Having grown old, the prophet Samuel appointed his sons - Joel and Abiya - as judges over Israel, but they did not inherit the honesty and justice of their father, as they were greedy. Then the elders of Israel, desiring that the people of God be "like other peoples" (1 Sam. 8:20), demanded from the prophet Samuel to appoint a king for them. The prophet Samuel saw in this a deep fall of the people, which until that time was ruled by God Himself, proclaiming the will through the holy chosen ones. Leaving the post of judge, the prophet Samuel asked the people if he offended anyone during his reign, but no one found anything behind him. After the denunciation of the first king Saul in disobedience to God, the prophet Samuel anointed Saint David to the kingdom, who took refuge with him, fleeing from the persecution of King Saul. The prophet Samuel died at a ripe old age. His life is described in the Bible (1 Sam.; Sir. 46:16-23). In 406, the relics of the prophet Samuel were transferred from Judea to Constantinople.

Shmch. Vladimir Presiviter (1918).
Mchch. Severus and Memnon and with them the 37 martyrs (304).
St. Hierotheos of Hungary (X) and St. Stephen I, King of Hungary (1038).
Mch. Lucius Senator, Cypriot.
Mchch. Iliodor and Dosa, Persian.
Transfer of the relics of St. John, Ep. Suzdalsky and Theodore, Bishop. Rostov (1879).

On this day, the memory of the biblical prophet Samuel, or Shmuel (that is, "heard by God") is celebrated. Samuel was born in the most difficult time for the Israelites, and he was destined to guide his people on the right path.Samuel wisely ruled the people as the supreme judge, but when he became old, the people, fearful of the return of anarchy, began to ask him to appoint a ruler over them. Thus, they rejected the King of heaven, and desired the king of the earth. And then God ordered Samuel to do as people ask, but he warned that misfortunes await them, the cause of which is the ordinary greed and cruelty of earthly rulers. The prophet warned the Israelites and asked them to retract their decision, but they were adamant. Samuel appointed Saul king, but even during his lifetime he secretly anointed another, David, as the king, since the first ruler disappointed him. In Rus', the prophet Samuel was considered the intercessor of the stronger sex, they said: "Samoilo the prophet himself prays to God for a peasant." Therefore, Samoilov's day became a kind of men's holiday: the daughters gave the father of the family a new shirt in the morning, the wives laid a rich table so that the owner would get down to business good and well-fed. On Samoilov day they asked for good weather for autumn work. There was very little time left for them - winter was approaching inevitably. On this day, the first winter mushrooms were already appearing in the forests, and children with baskets followed the “harvest”. On the table, a frequent dish that day were fried mushrooms with potato.Migratory rooks gather in flocks. Winter mushrooms appear. Red and white currants are pruned in gardens.

On this day, winter mushrooms appear.

The peasants considered the prophet Samuel the patron and intercessor of the peasants - the peasants before the Lord.

Samoilin prays to God for a man.

On this day, they asked for good weather for autumn work.

There was no time left at all - winter was on the nose.

And if the sun warms, the girl is happy.

Autumn is the season of love.

September 2 is celebrated in Russia as "The Day of the End of World War II (1945)". This memorable date is established by the Federal Law "On Amendments to Article 1(1) of the Federal Law "On the Days of Military Glory and Commemorative Dates of Russia""

September 2 is the Day of the Russian Guard. This holiday was established on December 22, 2000 by the decree of the President of Russia Vladimir Putin in connection with the 300th anniversary of the Russian guards (Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 2032 of December 22, 2000 "On the establishment of the Day of the Russian Guards"). The Russian Imperial Guard was established at the beginning of the reign of Peter the Great from the Preobrazhensky and Semenovsky regiments. In 1918, it was dissolved, and re-established during the years of the Great Patriotic War(1941-1945). Four rifle divisions that distinguished themselves near Smolensk in 1941, by order of I. Stalin, received the name of the guards. In September of the same year, the concept of "guard unit" was introduced in the Red Army.

Employees of the patrol service of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation celebrate their holiday on September 2. On this day in 1923, the Central Administrative Directorate of the NKVD published the "Instruction to the guard policeman."

Notary Day (Ukrainian Notary Day) has been officially celebrated in Ukraine since 2010. President Viktor Yushchenko signed a decree establishing this professional holiday on February 22, 2010.

Holidays in Vietnam

Independence Day, which is celebrated annually on September 2 in Vietnam, is the main national holiday of the country. In the second half of the 19th century, Vietnam fell into colonial dependence on France. The country is artificially divided into three parts - the colony of Cochin China (South Vietnam), the protectorates of Annam (Central Vietnam) and Tonkin (Northern Vietnam). Together with Laos and Cambodia, Vietnam became part of French Indochina. By the 1930s, a powerful national liberation movement was taking shape in the country, led by the Communist Party of Indochina, led by leader Ho Chi Minh. During the Second World War, Vietnam was captured by the Japanese, who first disarmed and then completely neutralized the French garrisons. By the end of the war, the Japanese were forced to withdraw their troops to strengthen the defense of Japan and Manchuria. Taking advantage of the resulting vacuum of power, the communists, who created the Viet Minh - a broad coalition of various liberation movements, in August 1945 liquidated the last institutions of the colonial administration (the so-called August Revolution), and on September 2, 1945, in a speech by Ho Chi Minh, proclaimed the independence of Vietnam, promulgating Declaration of Independence. Calend.r u

The Venice International Film Festival (Italian: Mostra Internazionale d'Arte Cinematografica) is one of the oldest international film festivals and an important event in the world of cinema. It is held annually in autumn (more often in August-September) on the island of Lido (Italy) and lasts about two weeks. The festival was founded in 1932 at the initiative of the Italian dictator Benito Mussolini. His story was interrupted twice - during the Second World War and at the end of the 1960s, but not for long. Today, the Venice Film Festival actually determines the fashion for cinema.

The main prize of the festival "Golden Lion" is awarded to the Best Film. Also awarded the "Silver Lion" - the best director, the Volpi Cup for the best male and best female roles, the Marcello Mastroianni Prize - the best young actor or actress, Osella - a prize for the best screenplay, cinematography

work, outstanding technical merit, etc. Grand Prize Venice Film Festival"Golden Lion" There is also a Special Jury Prize, which is awarded at the request of the jury to the director, actor or actress (who worked on the film of the competition program) for their cumulative contribution to cinema. In addition, they are awarded best first and the second works of young filmmakers, an award is presented for the best creative and professional cooperation. Based on the results of the work of all sections of the festival, the Luigi Di Laurentiis Prize is also awarded.

September 2, 1935 was born Russian actor, People's Artist of Russia Valentin Iosifovich Gaft.

On September 2, 1945, actress Irina Pechernikova was born (an English teacher in We'll Live Until Monday).

On September 2, 1970, a teacher, teacher of Ukrainian and Russian languages ​​​​and literature, Vasily Aleksandrovich Sukhomlinsky, died. Works on the theory and methods of raising children: “I give my heart to children” (1969), “The birth of a citizen” (1970), “On education” (1973), etc. He expressed his desire for the humanization of school education in the USSR, defended the right to pedagogical creativity.

1789 - The United States Department of the Treasury is founded.

1913 - The First All-Russian Sports Olympiad was held in Kyiv.

1943 - the city of Lisichansk was liberated from the Nazi invaders.

1945 - Japan's surrender ceremony aboard the USS Missouri ended World War II.

1945 - The Democratic Republic of Vietnam is proclaimed.

1990 - the creation of the Pridnestrovian Republic within the USSR was proclaimed.

1996 - Ukraine introduced a new currency - the hryvnia.

911 - A peace treaty is signed between Byzantium and Prince Oleg. 1642 - The English Revolutionary Parliament banned theaters. 1727 - The Russian expedition of Vitus Bering set off from Okhotsk to Kamchatka. 1752 - Great Britain and its colonies lived the last day of the Julian calendar. The next day, the Gregorian calendar came into effect. 1758 - Canada's first Anglican service is held on Baffin Island. 1762 - Courland undertook to let the Russian troops through and agreed not to interfere with the construction of an Orthodox church on its territory. 1789 - The United States Department of the Treasury is founded. 1792 - The "September Murders" began in Paris - the massacre of the revolutionary crowd over prison inmates. 1794 - Beginning of the construction of Odessa. 1807 - Bombing of Copenhagen begins English fleet. 1834 - American Colonel Samuel Colt patents a revolver. 1885 Rock Springs Massacre. 1889 - A seaport was opened in Mariupol. 1913 - The First All-Russian Sports Olympiad began in Kyiv. 1918 - Trotsky is appointed Supreme Commander of the Red Army. - In Siberia, the White Guards captured General Alexander Taube, one of the first tsarist generals who went over to the side of Soviet power. 1919 - Railroad strikes are banned in the United States. 1922 - Henry Ford's factories issued a warning that anyone smelling beer, wine, or spirits would be immediately fired from their jobs. 1935 - George Gershwin completes Porgy and Bess. 1941 - The Tchaikovsky Concert Hall was opened in military Moscow. 1943 - the city of Lisichansk was liberated from the Nazi invaders. 1945 - Japan's surrender ceremony aboard the USS Missouri ended World War II. - The Democratic Republic of Vietnam is proclaimed. 1949 - Yugoslavia broke the sea and air treaties with the USSR. 1958 - Chinese TV goes on the air for the first time. 1962 - The USSR announced that it would train and educate Cuban officers. - The millionth resident was officially registered in Novosibirsk. 1965 - Soviet football clubs played their first matches in European competition. 1967 - A retired English officer, Paddy Bates, proclaimed the creation of an independent Principality of Sealand on a sea platform off the coast of England, which began to grant citizenship to everyone. 1969 is one of the "birthdays of the Internet". The first successful transfer of data between neighboring computers took place in a laboratory at the University of California. 1971 - The United Arab Republic regained its historical name of Egypt. 1972 - the legendary victory of the USSR ice hockey team over the Canadian team in the USSR Super Series - Canada. 1990 - the creation of the Pridnestrovian Republic within the USSR was proclaimed. 1991 - The Nagorno-Karabakh Republic declared full independence from Azerbaijan. - The United States recognized the independence of the Baltic republics - Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia. 1992 - UTF-8 encoding is created. — The United States and Russia have agreed to lift restrictions on the travel of journalists and businessmen. 1993 - Uzbekistan announced the replacement of the Cyrillic alphabet with the Latin alphabet until the year 2000. — Russia and the United States signed an agreement on the construction of the ISS. 1996 - Ukraine introduced a new currency - the hryvnia. 2002 - RTR TV channel replaced official name to "Russia". - The ORT TV channel changed its official name to Channel One. - A powerful (magnitude about 7) earthquake near Indonesia claimed the lives of more than 50 people.

Memorable date of the military history of Russia.

Day of the Russian Guard.

The holiday Day of the Russian Guard was established on December 22, 2000 by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin in connection with the 300th anniversary of the Russian guards. And the Russian Imperial Guard was created by Peter I in 1687 from amusing troops as part of the Preobrazhensky and Semenovsky regiments, which officially received the title of guards in 1700.

The guards were traditionally called the selected, privileged, best trained and equipped part of the troops. It was the core of the army, armed detachments that were directly attached to the monarch, often performing the functions of his personal guard.

The Russian guard received its baptism of fire in the Northern War of 1700-1721. Guards regiments took part in the Persian campaign (1722 - 1723), in the Russian - Turkish wars (1735 - 1739 and 1877 - 1879), as well as in the wars with Napoleonic France and the First World War.
The Russian Imperial Guard ceased to exist in 1918, along with the disbandment of the tsarist army.

The guard experienced its second birth during the Great Patriotic War. On September 18, 1941, in accordance with the decision of the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command for mass heroism, the courage of the personnel, by order of the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR, several divisions were renamed into guards, then cavalry corps, artillery, aviation and tank regiments, warships, cruisers and destroyers. This day is considered the birthday of the Soviet guard.

Guards regiments, divisions, brigades, battalions and crews are the pride of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, a model of what our army and navy should be like.

The guardsman is a brave soldier who does not stop there. His will to win is indomitable, his offensive spirit is inexhaustible.
To serve in the Guards today means to have the highest combat qualifications, mastery of equipment and weapons, vigilant service, tirelessly strengthening the combat readiness of the army and navy.

Events that happened on September 2.

911 - A peace treaty is signed between Byzantium and Prince Oleg.
1642 - The English Revolutionary Parliament banned theaters.
1727 - Russian expedition of Vitus Bering set off from Okhotsk to Kamchatka.
1752 - Great Britain and its colonies lived the last day of the Julian calendar. The next day, the Gregorian calendar came into effect.
1758 - Canada's first Anglican service is held on Baffin Island.
1762 - Courland undertook to let the Russian troops through and agreed not to interfere with the construction of an Orthodox church on its territory.
1789 - The United States Department of the Treasury is founded.
1792 - The "September Murders" began in Paris - the massacre of the revolutionary crowd over prison inmates.
1794 - Beginning of the construction of Odessa.
1807 - Beginning of the bombardment of Copenhagen by the English fleet.
1834 - American Colonel Samuel Colt patents a revolver.
1885 - Rock Springs massacre.
1889 - A seaport was opened in Mariupol.
1913 - The First All-Russian Sports Olympiad began in Kyiv.
1918 - Trotsky appointed supreme commander of the Red Army.
- In Siberia, the White Guards captured General Alexander Taube, one of the first tsarist generals who went over to the side of Soviet power.
1919 - Railroad strikes are banned in the United States.
1922 - Henry Ford's factories issued a warning that anyone smelling beer, wine or spirits would be immediately fired from their jobs.
1935 - George Gershwin completes Porgy and Bess.
1941 - The Tchaikovsky Concert Hall was opened in military Moscow.
1943 - the city of Lisichansk was liberated from the Nazi invaders.
1945 - The Japanese surrender ceremony aboard the USS Missouri ended World War II.
- The Democratic Republic of Vietnam is proclaimed.
1949 - Yugoslavia broke off the sea and air treaties with the USSR.
1958 - Chinese TV went on the air for the first time.
1962 - The USSR announced that it would train and educate Cuban officers.
- One millionth inhabitant was officially registered in Novosibirsk.
1965 - Soviet football clubs played their first matches in European competition.
1967 - A retired English officer, Paddy Bates, proclaimed the creation of an independent Principality of Sealand on a sea platform off the coast of England, which began to grant citizenship to everyone.
1969 is one of the "birthdays of the Internet". The first successful transfer of data between neighboring computers took place in a laboratory at the University of California.
1971 - The United Arab Republic regained its historical name of Egypt.
1972 - the legendary victory of the USSR ice hockey team over the Canadian team in the USSR Super Series - Canada.
1990 - the creation of the Pridnestrovian Republic within the USSR was proclaimed.
1991 - The Nagorno-Karabakh Republic declared full independence from Azerbaijan.
- The United States recognized the independence of the Baltic republics - Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia.
1992 - UTF-8 encoding created.
- The United States and Russia have agreed to lift travel restrictions for journalists and businessmen.
1993 - Uzbekistan announced the replacement of the Cyrillic alphabet by the year 2000 with the Latin alphabet.
- Russia and the United States signed an agreement on the construction of the ISS.
1996 - Ukraine introduced a new currency - the hryvnia.
2002 - The RTR TV channel changed its official name to "Russia".
- The ORT TV channel changed its official name to Channel One.
- A powerful (magnitude about 7) earthquake near Indonesia claimed the lives of more than 50 people.

In 1813, Jean Victor Moreau, a general of the French army, a participant in revolutionary wars, died.

Moreau's leadership talent was appreciated by Napoleon, but the Republican Moreau hated Napoleon, especially after the coup of 18 Brumaire, when Bonaparte seized power. In 1804, on charges of anti-Napoleonic conspiracy, the general was arrested and expelled from France. In 1813, Moreau was invited as an adviser at the headquarters of the anti-Napoleonic coalition troops, but in the very first major battle - near Dresden at the end of August 1813 - a cannonball crushed both of his legs. A few days later, he died, giving the last advice: to persevere and not put up with Napoleon, even in case of defeat.

After the Patriotic War of 1812, Russia was flooded with fake banknotes. Because of this, only 20 kopecks in gold were given for the ruble, which hit the Russian economy. To remedy the situation, on September 2, 1818, Emperor Alexander I issued a decree on the creation of a special institution for the production of paper money. The Regulations on the new enterprise, which was part of the Ministry of Finance, said: "The Expedition for the Procurement of State Papers is established for the production of both banknotes and all other papers with the state emblem."

Soon a factory with paper-making and printing departments was built on the Fontanka, and a stone house with two outbuildings, which stood on the acquired site, was adapted for housing for workers (they belonged to the Expedition as serfs). A year later, the factory began to produce its first products, and by 1903 the Expedition had grown into a town with a population of more than ten thousand people. The range of products produced was very diverse: paper money, bonds, bills, excise parcels, forms of patents, passports and various certificates, postage stamps, shares, checks, receipts ...

For the production of "state" paper, selected waste paper was used: the highest grades of hemp and rags. In 1890, even a testing laboratory appeared, where papers were tested for stretch and tear. The expedition worked properly in both revolutions that shook the city of Petra, because it was written in its charter that it "is obliged under all circumstances to act outside of any kind of politics" ... It still works to this day. Only now it is called in a different way: the Main Directorate for the Production of State Signs, Coins and Orders, and in short - Goznak.

In 1906, one of the leading Soviet science fiction writers, the author of the popular novels The Burning Island and The Planet of Storms, Alexander Kazantsev, was born in Akmolinsk. He has won five literary awards, including the International Fiction Prize in 1976.

In life, Alexander Petrovich was a versatile personality: having received a musical education in his youth, he composed a piano concerto, ballads, was fond of chess - in 1953 he became a master of sports in this sport, was a judge of the all-Union category in chess compositions and an international arbiter.

In 1909, Ilya Fraz was born, who devoted his life to creating children's and youth films.

In 1935, he graduated from the directing department of the Leningrad theater institute named after Ostrovsky and the film department, he worked at the Lenfilm Film Studio with renowned directors Grigory Kozintsev and Leonid Trauberg, took part in the creation of a trilogy of films about the legendary Maxim.

According to the story “You never dreamed of” by the once disgraced Galina Shcherbakova, an incredibly touching film of the same name was shot at the Gorky Film Studio by Fraz, which became the leader of the box office (more than 26 million viewers watched it). According to the results of a poll of readers of the Soviet Screen magazine, You Never Dreamed of was named the best film of 1981 and won the All-Union Film Festival in Vilnius.

He wrote many bright serious works: the opera "Peter I", the vocal-choreographic symphony "Pushkin", the opera-extravaganza "Mayakovsky Begins", the ballets "The Shore of Hope", "The Creation of the World", "The Master and Margarita" ... Andrei Petrov's works were performed outstanding conductors - Yuri Temirkanov, Evgeny Svetlanov, Evgeny Kolobov.

But Petrov's music is also cheerful and sad melodies of "Office Romance" and "Beware of the car", this is "Song about the sea devil" and "I'm walking around Moscow" ...
“Autumn Marathon”, “Garage”, “Station for Two”, “Say a Word About the Poor Hussar”, “Cruel Romance” - all these films sounded thanks to him.

In 1945, on board the American battleship Missouri, representatives of the Soviet Union, the United States, Great Britain, and other states signed a joint document on the surrender of Japan.

Thus ended the bloodiest war of the twentieth century, World War II.

On September 2, a few hours after the surrender of Japan, Ho Chi Minh, the founder (since 1930) and leader of the Indochinese Communist Party, proclaimed the independence of Vietnam and the establishment of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam.

Since the 19th century, Vietnam has been a colony of France, but in 1945 the Japanese completely ousted the French from Indochina, and then, after the American atomic bombing, Hiroshima and Nagasaki were themselves defeated. For Ho Chi Minh, a wonderful moment came - both pretenders to Vietnam - Japan and France - were temporarily neutralized.

The following year, 1946, Ho Chi Minh became the president of Vietnam. However, under pressure from France, which sought to maintain its colonial rule, he was forced to recognize the status of Vietnam as an autonomy within the French Union. In 1949, France declared Boa Dai Emperor of Vietnam. Then Ho Chi Minh, using the military and financial support of the Chinese Communists, began an open struggle with the French representatives and the authorities of South Vietnam, who were supported by the United States. In 1954, the French were defeated in North Vietnam, in the town of Dien Bien Rhu. This battle finally consolidated the division of Vietnam into North and South. The dividing line ran along the 17th parallel. The corresponding agreement was signed at a conference in Geneva.

Ho Chi Minh gained full power in the North, continuing the revolutionary struggle in the South as part of the National Liberation Front - Viet Cong. It was this confrontation that led to the entry of US troops into Vietnam in 1963. In the midst of the war, in September 1969, Ho Chi Minh died.

In 1964, Keanu Reeves was born, an American film actor who became famous for his roles in the films Dracula, Speed, Johnny Mnemonic, The Devil's Advocate and, of course, The Matrix.

He was born in Beirut. His father - half Chinese, half Hawaiian - was a geologist and left the family when Keanu was very young. His mother, an Englishwoman, worked as a fashion designer for rock stars (in particular, she created costumes for Alice Cooper). Keanu's stepfather is a theater and film director.

By the way, Reeves was named after some great-uncle, and in Hawaiian his name sounds like "fresh wind over the mountains."

At school, Keanu was the goaltender of the hockey team and earned the nickname The Wall. The actor gave up hockey a long time ago, but he is still fond of music now - he plays the bass guitar in the Dogstar group (Dogstar).
Reeves is also afraid of the dark. Maybe because one day, during a night race on motorcycles with the headlights off, he crashed into a rock, broke several ribs and tore his spleen, which is now reminiscent of a scar on his stomach.

The 5th Extraordinary Congress really prepared the agreements in Belovezhskaya Pushcha, signed two months later - the decision taken on September 5 to recognize the independence of Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia was a strong blow to the unifying idea. The congress actually dissolved the union parliament, announcing a transitional period for the formation of a new system of state power. From now on, disintegration was carried out on completely legal grounds, and Gorbachev, who had been ousted from power, had to come to terms with the loss of the powers that still remained with him.