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The meaning of the word zyryansky in the explanatory dictionary of Efremova. Who are the Zyryans: features, origin, ethnographic groups and interesting facts Komi Zyryan language disappearance

The meaning of the word zyryansky in the explanatory dictionary of Efremova. Who are the Zyryans: features, origin, ethnographic groups and interesting facts Komi Zyryan language disappearance

ZYRYANSKY

Aya, th (outdated) and KOMI-ZYRYANSKY, th, th. 1. See Zyrians and Komi-Zyrians. 2. Same as Komi (in 2 meanings). 3. coal basin (in Yakutia). Zyryansk glaciation (extensive continental glaciation of the late Quaternary period). Komi-Zyryan language (Finno-Ugric family of languages).

Encyclopedic Dictionary. 2012

See also interpretations, synonyms, meanings of the word and what is ZYRYANSKY in Russian in dictionaries, encyclopedias and reference books:

ZYRYANSKY
ZYRYANSKY COAL BASIN, in Russia, Yakutia. Developed since 1935. Pl. OK. 7.5 tons km 2. Intelligence. coal reserves 177 …
ZYRYANSKY in the Full accentuated paradigm according to Zaliznyak:
zyrya "nsky, zyrya" nskaya, zyrya "nsky, zyrya" nsky, zyrya "nsky, zyrya" nsky, zyrya "nsky, zyrya" nsky, zyrya "nsky, zyrya" nsky, zyrya "nsky, zyrya" nsky, zyrya " nsky, zyrya "nsky, zyrya" nsky, zyrya "nsky, zyrya" nsky, zyrya "nsky, zyrya" nsky, zyrya "nsky, ...
ZYRYANSKY in the dictionary of Synonyms of the Russian language.
ZYRYANSKY in the New explanatory and derivational dictionary of the Russian language Efremova:
adj. obsolete 1) Relating to the Zyryans, associated with them. 2) Peculiar to the Zyryans, characteristic of them. 3) Owned...
ZYRYANSKY in the Dictionary of the Russian language Lopatin.
ZYRYANSKY in the Complete Spelling Dictionary of the Russian Language.
ZYRYANSKY in the Spelling Dictionary.
ZYRYANSKY in the Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language Ushakov:
Zyryanskaya, Zyryanskaya. App. to …
ZYRYANSKY in the Explanatory Dictionary of Efremova:
Zyryansky adj. obsolete 1) Relating to the Zyryans, associated with them. 2) Peculiar to the Zyryans, characteristic of them. 3) Owned...
ZYRYANSKY in the New Dictionary of the Russian Language Efremova:
ZYRYANSKY in the Big Modern Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language:
adj. obsolete 1. Relating to the Zyryans, associated with them. 2. Peculiar to the Zyryans, characteristic of them. 3. Owned…
KOMI-ZYRYANSKY in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
OMI-ZYRYAN LANGUAGE, Komi language (Komi-Zyryan). Refers to the Finno-Ugric language. (Permian branch). Writing based on Russian. …
STEPHAN PERM
Open Orthodox Encyclopedia "TREE". Stefan of Perm (c. 1340 - 1396), Bishop of Great Perm, Saint, Enlightener of Perm, Apostle ...
NIKOLAI (YARUSHEVICH) in the Orthodox Encyclopedia Tree:
Open Orthodox Encyclopedia "TREE". Nikolai (Yarushevich) (1891 - 1961), Metropolitan, b. Krutitsky and Kolomensky. In the world...
NIKOLAY (DOBRONRAVOV) in the Orthodox Encyclopedia Tree:
Open Orthodox Encyclopedia "TREE". Nicholas (Dobronravov) (1861 - 1937), archbishop, holy martyr. In the world Dobronravov Nikolai Pavlovich. …
IOASAF (UDALOV) in the Orthodox Encyclopedia Tree:
Open Orthodox Encyclopedia "TREE". Joasaph (Udalov) (1886 - 1937), Bishop b. Chistopolsky, Vicar of the Kazan Diocese, Hieromartyr ...
JOHN (PASHIN) in the Orthodox Encyclopedia Tree:
Open Orthodox Encyclopedia "TREE". John (Pashin) (1881 - 1938), Bishop of Rylsk, vicar of the Kursk diocese, holy martyr. …
Znamensky Sergey Ivanovich in the Orthodox Encyclopedia Tree.
VASILY KINESHEMSKY in the Orthodox Encyclopedia Tree:
Open Orthodox Encyclopedia "TREE". Vasily (Preobrazhensky) (1876 - 1945), Bishop of Kineshma, clergyman. Commemorated July 31st...
AFANASIUS (SUGAROV) in the Orthodox Encyclopedia Tree:
Open Orthodox Encyclopedia "TREE". Athanasius (Sakharov) (1887 - 1962), Bishop b. Kovrovsky, vicar of the diocese of Vladimir, confessor ...
KOMI LITERATURE. in the Literary Encyclopedia:
The Komi (Zyryan) alphabet was created at the end of the 14th century by the missionary Stefan, Bishop of Perm, who in 1372 compiled a special Zyryan alphabet (Perm ...
LYTKIN GEORGE STEPANOVICH in the Big Encyclopedic Dictionary:
(1835-1907) Komi linguist. Main works. "Zyryansk region under the bishops of Perm and the Zyryansk language" ...
YAKUT AUTONOMOUS SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLIC in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
autonomous Soviet socialist republic, Yakutia. As part of the RSFSR. It was formed on April 27, 1922. It is located in the north of Eastern Siberia, in the basin of the river. …

KOMI-ZYRYANSKY AND KOMI-PERMIATSKY LANGUAGES, languages of the Permian group of Finno-Ugric languages of the Uralic language family. Distributed in the Komi Republic and in the Komi-Permyatsky Autonomous Okrug, where the bulk of the Zyrians live (291.5 thousand people out of 336.3 thousand in Russian Federation) and Permians (95.4 thousand people out of 147.3 thousand people in the Russian Federation). According to the 1989 census, the total number of Komi-Zyryans in former USSR was 344,519 thousand people, Permians - 152,060 thousand.

Komi-Zyryans also live on the Kola Peninsula, in the Khanty-Mansiysk and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Districts of the Tyumen Region and in small groups in Ukraine (4 thousand) and Kazakhstan (1.5 thousand people). Among the Komi-Zyryans, 70.4% consider the Zyryan language as their mother tongue. 68.3% of Zyrians are bilingual and trilingual; they also speak (in different regions) Russian, Sami, Nenets, Khanty or Mansi languages. The first attempts to create a Komi written language by the missionary Stephen of Perm (later canonized) date back to the 14th century. The ancient Komi alphabet (“abur”) existed until the 15th century, then it received the meaning of secret writing within Moscow Russia, and from the 17th century. was supplanted by writing on the basis of Cyrillic. The literary Komi language is based on one of the 10 dialects available in the Komi - Syktyvkar. The dialects themselves are distinguished according to the phonetic principle, mainly by the use of sounds l and in. Komi is the language of intranational communication. It is taught in the lower grades of the school; in secondary school, Komi is the subject of study.

Permians (in addition to their autonomous district) also live in the Perm and Kirov regions of the Russian Federation; among them, 70.1% named the Komi-Permyak language as their native language. Russian-Permyak bilingualism is widespread. There are 4 dialects, including 8 dialects. The literary language, which has existed since 1921, is based on the Kudymkar-Inven dialect of the southern dialect. The Komi-Yazva dialect is very different in the field of phonetics and grammar from the rest of the Permian dialects and therefore is often called the language of the Krasnovisher Permians. The population is bilingual, the native language functions as a "home" language. Teaching in the Komi-Permyak language is conducted only in primary school; in higher grades, in colleges and pedagogical institutes, language is studied as a special subject.

Komi (-Zyryansky and -Permian) literary languages they are similar in their phonemic composition (7 vowels and 26 consonant phonemes), although there are differences between them at the level of dialects. Stress systems also differ: in the Komi language, the stress mainly falls on the first syllable, in the Komi-Permian the stress is different, and in the Komi-Yazva dialect it is qualitatively vocal. The languages are also close in morphological structure: they have two numbers and two declensions (simple and personal-possessive), and adjectives do not change in cases. There is no grammatical gender, animateness/inanimateness can be traced (not very clearly) in the form of an accusative. Languages are rich in postpositions. The aspectual and voice oppositions, as in other Uralic languages, are weakly expressed; There are fewer moods in the Komi languages than in any other Uralic language (only indicative and imperative); verbs have two conjugations - affirmative and negative; grammatical tense is expressed in four forms (present, future and two past - obvious and non-obvious). Personal possessive suffixes can have not only nouns and conjugated verbs, but also infinitives; postpositions, decorated with personal possessive indicators, belong to the category of postpositional pronouns. Names with postpositions are usually in the nominative.

The syntactic structure is nominative. Prepositive definitions (adjectives and numerals) do not agree with the word being defined: micha kozyas"beautiful firs" (lit. "beautiful firs"), kyk mort"two people" (lit. "two people"). In definitive constructions of two nouns, the definitive noun is in the genitive or deferred case and is not subject to change. In the Komi languages there are many borrowings from the Russian language, and in the Komi-Zyryan - also from the Vepsian.

Russia is a multinational power that has united hundreds of multilingual peoples with a common destiny and history. The reason for this was the almost continuous process of annexing new territories during the formation and development of the Russian state. Moreover, the entry of new territories, which is typical, in most cases occurred voluntarily.

Who are the Zyryans (Komi)? Almost 300,000 people living in Western Siberia, Northern and Eastern Europe. Ethnic education is distinguished by linguistic and cultural originality, its own traditions and special culture. Not without reason they were called “Russian Americans” or “Jews of the North”.

On the ethnic diversity of Russia

Ethnic and cultural diversity in Russia is achieved by a combination of so-called indigenous peoples (the population that lived in certain territories before the arrival of settlers), people from neighboring union republics (Ukrainians, Belarusians, Armenians, Lithuanians, etc.) and small groups of ethnic groups, in the majority living outside of Russia (Hungarians, Czechs, Vietnamese, Serbs, Assyrians and others). Of course, the most colorful and numerous group are the indigenous peoples.

Briefly about the zyryans: who are they?

What are zyryans? More precisely, who are they? Zyryans are called ethnic formation, which even today has retained a relatively small number in the national composition of the Russian Federation. Until 1917, it was in the first place among the indigenous inhabitants of the Russian state, their education was second only to the Jews, and their enterprise and culture favorably distinguished the Zyryans from other Slavic peoples. At the same time, the population was also considered Russian, i.e., the indigenous people of Russia. Along with what has already been pointed out, the Zyryans were called “Jews of the North” or “Russian Americans”.

Settlement and population

Who are the Zyryans, it is impossible to determine holistically without considering their number and territory of settlement. These factors largely influence the development of ethnic education as a whole: a few nationalities are gradually dying out, remaining only a page in history, and the way of life of the population depends on the territory of residence. That, according to Karl Marx, in turn, determines the consciousness, the general culture of the people.

Today, the total number of Zyryans, together with closely related small nationalities around the world, reaches about 400 thousand people. Their predominant number still lives in the territories where the first Zyryans appeared, that is, in Russia. A small group of people (just over 1,500 people) was recorded in Ukraine.

If we talk about the first representatives of ethnic formation, the number of Zyryans in different periods historical development is not known for sure. Of course, it is possible to believe the written sources of ancient times, but it is also known that inaccurate information is often found in them. The Zyryans were not mentioned at all in chronicles and other documents until 1865, when the Alphabetical List of Peoples Living in the Russian Empire was published.

Who are the Zyryans (then the population was already separated into a separate ethnic group), what is their number and in what regions the people lived in Russia in the second half of the 19th century, it is indicated in this source.

According to the "Alphabetical list of peoples ...", the Zyryans were 120 thousand people. They lived mainly in small counties of Arkhangelsk, Perm, and the region of settlement of the Zyryans in ancient times was called Arimaspey (a book with the same name was written by one of the writers of Ancient Hellas, but this historical source, unfortunately, has not survived to this day, otherwise it is likely that that the document could reveal a significant part of the history of the ancient Zyrians).

The vast earlier people of the Zyryans are dying out today, even in the memory of the representatives of the ethnic group there are practically no clear legends left that could make up for the lack of historical information.

Anthropology and genetics of the people

Around the same time that the “Alphabetical list of peoples ...” was published, the “Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron” described the appearance of representatives of the ethnic group: the Zyryans of our days (meaning late XIX- the beginning of the 20th century) are distinguished by a strong physique. They are of medium height, most have black hair and dark brown or gray eyes. Tall blonde people blue eyes are rare among the Zyryan people.

Their appearance suggests that the Zyryans (as well as modern representatives of the ethnic group) were distinguished by good health and endurance.

At the same time, the average brain of the Zyryans is 20-30 grams larger than the brain of the Slavs. This was known even in pre-revolutionary times, the source of information is the “Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron”, published in 1890-1907. In the settlement area of the Zyryans, there have always been many schools and libraries than in other regions of the Russian North. They were also engaged in reindeer herding, hunting and fishing, and agriculture. "On the conscience" Zyryan development of Siberia and Far East. It was they who carried out most of the trade between Siberia and Moscow.

Ethnic history of the Zyryans

As already mentioned, few sources have survived to our time that could give a detailed answer to a number of questions. Who the Zyrians really are, how they appeared, what distinguished ethnic formation at different stages of history - now one can only guess, referring to brief fragments in various written historical sources.

It is known that the first Zyryans settled on the banks of the Volga (at the confluence of the river with the Oka and Kama) as early as the second century BC. Somewhat later, the settlement of the people to the north began, and already in the 4th-8th centuries. n. e. they inhabited the territories where their modern descendants live. Later, the Zyryans were the first to pass from the power of Veliky Novgorod to the power of Moscow.

By the 18th century, the stage of formation of ethnic education was completed. The beginning of the statehood of the nationality was laid during the formation of the USSR: in 1926, Komi (Zyryan) was formed. At that time, a little more than 200 thousand representatives of the Zyryan people lived in the USSR. The Zyryan Republic underwent several more formal transformations between 1926 and 1992. Today, this region is part of the Russian Federation under the name of the Komi Republic.

Culture of the Komi people

Since ancient times, woodworking crafts have been widely distributed among the Zyryans. Related to this is painting and artistic woodcarving, which are one of the distinctive features Zyryan culture (Komi). Weaving and embroidery have traditionally been common types of needlework. Ethnos pays considerable attention to folk healing. Folklore is in many ways similar to traditional Russian culture.

Komi-Zyryan language

The native language of the Zyryans - Komi-Zyryan - belongs to the Finno-Ugric language family and is divided into many dialects. In modern Russia, only 1,560 thousand representatives of the nationality called the Komi-Zyryan language their native language, which is about half of the total number of Komi-Zyryans.

A small number of representatives of ethnic formation define the Komi-Zyryan language as their native language in Ukraine (4 thousand people) and in Kazakhstan (1.5 thousand).

The origin of the names of the people

The origin of the name "zyryane" has not yet been unequivocally clarified. There are several versions of the origin of the ethnonym:

from Russian verbs “to look” or “zyrya”, which meant “to drink excessively”;
the most plausible version is from the verb “zyrny” - “to displace”, i.e., the Zyryans are literally “people ousted from somewhere”;
from the ancient name of beer (“sur”), i.e. “people who get drunk on the national drink”;
from the general Permian "sar" - a man (historical sources allow us to assert that once the Zyryans called themselves Suryans, Syryans, etc.).

As for the most plausible assumption about the origin of the ethnonym, it is also confirmed by the fact that the Komi and Finns called the Zyryans. In their language, the name meant “inhabitant of the outskirts”, and “Perm” meant “distant land”. That is how the Komi living in the Perm Territory began to be called Zyryans. Today, scientists separate the Komi-Zyrians and the Komi-Permyaks.

With the name "Komi" everything is more clear. In scientific circles, it is generally accepted that the name came either from the Kama River (that is, literally “a person living on the banks of the Kama River”), or from the Proto-Permian “kom” - “man, person”.

Komi or Zyryans: what is the right way?

It is widely believed that the Zyryans and the Komi are one and the same people. In fact, the way it is, however, even here you can find some contradictions. Zyryans are only one variety of the Komi people, there are also similar peoples (Permyaks, for example).

In one of the chronicles, during the time of Ancient Russia, the name of one small was transferred to the entire population living in Siberia. The ethnonym was fixed for many centuries and confusion arose. Today, historical justice has been restored and the original name has been replaced by the common name "Komi", but earlier they were called Zyryans.

Where do the representatives of the people live today?

Today, the number of Komi-Zyryans in Russia barely reaches 200 thousand people. Modern Zyryans traditionally live on the territory of the Komi Republic. In the national composition of the republic, they make up 23.7% of the population (65% are Russians), the majority live in rural areas.

Small ethnic groups also live in Murmansk, Kirov, Omsk, Arkhangelsk and other regions of the Russian Federation. An ethnic formation close to the Zyryans (Komi-Permyaks) is concentrated in the Perm region.

The number of nationalities in modern conditions is rapidly declining. If in the column nationality in 2002 “Komi-Zyryans” indicated 293 thousand of the population of the Russian Federation, then in 2010 the corresponding figure was 228 thousand people. The Zyryans (Komi) are among the endangered peoples of Russia.

Writing : Language codes GOST 7.75–97: ISO 639-1 : ISO 639-2: ISO 639-3: See also: Project:Linguistics

Dialects

"ABC for Zyryan-Izhemtsy", 1895

It has Syktyvkar, Nizhnevychegodsky, Upper Vychegodsky, Middle Sysolsky, Upper Sysolsky, Vymsky, Luzsko-Letsky, Izhma, Pechorsky and Udora dialects.

The Komi literary language is based on the Syktyvkar dialect.

One feature that differs across dialects is the consonant in place of the historical final syllable [-l]. Based on this criterion, the following are distinguished:

spruce dialects - [l] is preserved in all positions: ky l ys"his language" ky l "language". These are the Middle Sysolsky, Upper Sysolsky, Luz-Letsky, Pechora dialects and part of the dialects of the Upper Vychegodsky dialect.
VE-EL dialects - [l] at the end of a syllable becomes [v]: ky l ys, ky in . These are the Syktyvkar (and the literary norm based on it), the Lower Vychegodsk, the Udora dialects and part of the dialects of the Upper Vychegodsk dialect.
null-el dialects - [l] at the end of a syllable becomes a doubling vowel (preceding [l] in a syllable) or disappears altogether (through step [v]): ky l ys, ky s or ky. These are the Vymsky, Izhma dialects and part of the dialects of the Upper Vychegodsky dialect.

Writing and pronunciation

In the pre-Christian era, the Komi used runic tribal signs - passes, carved on wooden hunting calendars and spinning wheels.

Attempts to create a Komi script based on the Passes, Cyrillic and Greek alphabet by the Orthodox missionary Stephen of Perm date back to the 14th century. The oldest surviving inscription in the Komi-Zyryan language, made in the ancient Permian script, is on the XIV century Zyryanskaya Trinity icon, according to legend, written by Stefan himself.

The ancient Komi alphabet - anbur - existed until the 17th century, then received the meaning of secret writing within Moscow Russia.

From the 17th century Cyrillic-based writing is used (in 1930-1936 they wrote in Latin). In 1918-1930 and 1936-1938 Molodtsov's alphabet was used: A/a B/b C/c G/g Ԁ/ԁ Ԃ/ԃ E/e F/g Җ/җ Ԅ/ԅ Ԇ/ԇ І/і Ј/ј K/k L/l Ԉ/ԉ M/ m N/n Ԋ/ԋ O/o Ӧ/ӧ P/p R/r S/s Ԍ/ԍ T/t Ԏ/ԏ U/u H/h W/w Shch/w Y/s. The modern alphabet, introduced in 1938, consists of 35 letters based on Russian.

There are specific sounds expressed by letters (lowercase - ӧ , pronounced almost like an e-reverse, only "harder") and (lowercase - і , "soft and", written only after the letters d, h, l, n, With, t), as well as diphthongs dz(both sounds are soft) and j(both sounds are solid). Sound With before a subsequent front vowel ( and, e) and a soft sign is pronounced softly (like Russian sch).

In Finno-Ugric literature published outside of Russia, words from the Komi-Zyryan language are written in Latin. Standard Latin letters correspond to generally accepted sounds, for example: bur kerka - bur kerka. To convey specific Komi phonemes and sounds, diacritical marks (caron) are added to Latin letters, for example: šom - shom, kuč - kutsh, žöm - zhöm. To convey softness, an apostrophe is added to the letter from above, for example: pan "- pan, l'ok - lek, kos" - kos.

grammatical characteristic

The Komi-Zyryan language, in contrast to the Komi-Permian, is characterized by:

Personal pronouns

Nominative case
me	I	mi	we
te	you	ti	you
sіyӧ	he she it	find	they
Dative
change	to me	miyanly	us
tenyd	you	tiyanly	to you
syly	to him	cash	them
Accusative
menu	me	miyanös	us
teno	you	tіyanӧs	you
syyös	his	naios	them

Genitive personal pronouns plus possessive suffixes

The suffix itself expresses the meaning of possessiveness, so a noun can be used without a possessive pronoun:

my boys = boy -pl.-my = menam zone- I'm with-ӧй = zone- I'm with-ӧй

Noun

There is no grammatical gender.

The plural is formed by adding a suffix to the root -I'm with :
chacha- I'm with - toys, ghoul- I'm with - pigeons

after the root into a consonant - through - b- :

moons -y-yas - days, kymӧr -y-yas - clouds

Cases

There are 16 cases in the Komi language.
The case endings follow the plural and the possessive suffix. In the presence of the latter, we get a personal-possessive declension, which has a special form in some cases. The normative form (possessive suffix + case) is not noted in the table below.
The nominative case has no ending.

Question	Case name	The ending	my	your	his	our	your	them
who what?	Nimtan, Nominative	zero	"""""	"""""	"""""	"""""	"""""	"""""
whom, whose?	Asalan, Possessive	-lӧn	"""""	"""""	"""""	"""""	"""""	"""""
from whom, from what?	Bostan, "Brave"	-bald	"""""	"""""	"""""	"""""	"""""	"""""
to whom; to what?	Setan, Dative	-ly	"""""	"""""	"""""	"""""	"""""	"""""
whom? (suffocation) on whom, what? (transition)	Keran, Accusative	-ӧс -сӧ	-ӧс	-tu	-сӧ	-nymös	-nytӧ	-nysӧ
who, what? how much?	Kerantorya, Creative	-ӧн	-us	-above	-us	- hired	-nanyd	-nanys
without whom, what?	Toryodan, Depriving	-тҧг	"""""	"""""	"""""	"""""	"""""	"""""
with whom, what?	Ӧtvyvtan, joint	-kod	"""""	"""""	"""""	"""""	"""""	"""""
for whom, what?	Mogman, Target	-la	"""""	"""""	"""""	"""""	"""""	"""""
where, in what?	Ina, Local	-yn	-am	-hell	-ac	-anym	-anyd	- anise
from where, from what?	Petan, Original	-ys	-sym	-syid	-syys	son	synyd	sonnys
where, what?	Pyran, Entrance	-ӧ	-am	-hell	-ac	-anym	-anyd	- anise
for example to whom,	Matystchan, Approximate	doe	"""""	"""""	"""""	"""""	"""""	"""""
from whom, from what?	Ylystchan, Outlying	-xian	"""""	"""""	"""""	"""""	"""""	"""""
why? (move)	Wujan	-ӧd	-ӧdym	-ӧdyd	-ӧdys	-adnym	-ӧdnyd	-ӧdnys
to whom, what?	Vaughan, the Achiever	-ӧdz	ӧzym	ӧdzyd	ӧdzys	ӧdznym	ӧdznyd	ӧdznys

zone -yas-ys-ly=boy -pl.-her-for = her boys

Postpositions

Preposition analogues.
They come after the noun.
They decline, leaving the noun related to them in the nominative case:

At
vyl-ys = top

Adjective

Suffixes:

-sa belonging (folklore characters - Vӧrsa- Goblin: vӧr- forest, Vasa- water: wa- water; Syktyvkars- Syktyvkar)
-and I presence, with ( kymӧra enezh- cloudy sky shuda olӧm - happy life lit.: life with happiness)
-tom without-/not- ( kymӧrtӧm enezh- clear sky, shudtöm olöm- unhappy life

Does not change for persons and numbers in the definition function:

micha handsome
micha dzoridz -ly beautiful flower
micha dzoridz -I'm with beautiful flowers

Changes in numbers in the function of the predicate with the help of the suffix - es:

Oshyas ydzhyd -es.- Bears are big.

Adverbs

Formed from adjectives by adding a vowel a , for example: micha (beautiful) - michaa (beautiful), mountain (loud) - mountain (loud), non-byd (soft) - non-byda (soft).

Degrees of comparison of adjectives and adverbs

yong is strong
yong- jyk strong her
honey yon most strong

Verb

Infinitive

gizh -ny write

Colloquial forms of the infinitive:

gizh- nym I something
gizh- nyd you something
gizh- nytӧ you then
gizh- nys he
gizh- nysӧ they are

Forms

-ysht- "slightly", "at-" ( vost-ny ӧdzӧssӧ- open the door, vost-ysht-ny ӧdzӧssӧ- open door)
-l/al/yl/va/yv short-term
-lyvl/-іvl/-yval/-lav multiple ( sh-l-is- spoke, shu-l-ivl-is- used to say)
-olt/-evt/-nit/
-ӧkt / -ӧkt / -ӧst /
-ӧbt/-al single
-ym / -z / -dz initiatory
-ss finished

Pledges

-ӧd/-t/-d coercive; forms transitive verbs ( paskyd- wide, pask-ud-ny- expand, make wide; led-av-ny- to study, vel-ud-ny- learn)
-s/-s/-h returnable ( vel-ud-ny- learn, vel-ӧd-ch-ys- student, student

Time

In the singular of the negative conjugation, the infinitive is used without -ny

A. Present

positive		negative
-a	-am	og	ogӧy -ӧy
-an	-anyd	he	onӧy -ӧy
-ӧ	-ҧы	oz	lakes

B. Future-1

Differs from Real 1 only in 3rd person: -ac , -asny .

Negative: not formed.

Future-2(complex)

kut-a, turns on-a, mӧd-a gizhny (I will, I will start, I am going to write)
cut-an, winds-an, mӧd-an huts
etc.

Negation is formed by adding a negative particle (see present tense) to the auxiliary verb, the infinitive remains unchanged.

B. Past-1

positive		negative
-and	-them	eg	egӧy -ӧy
-in	-innyd	en	enӧy -ӧy
-is	-isny	ez	ez-ny

Past-2

Used in narrative speech, conveying the words of other persons; the speaker was not a witness to the events described, so the first person is absent; can be translated into Russian descriptively: "allegedly walked."

-ӧmyd		-ӧmnyd
-ӧma		-ӧmaӧs

Negative form of the second past tense: formed with abu

Abu gij-ӧmyd say that you didn't write

Examples of verb forms

gizh -ҧы write
og I don't write gizh (zero ending)
oz gizh -ny do not write

Imperative

gizh write
en don't write shit
gizh -amöy(yes) we will write
gizh -ӧй write
enӧ gizh- ӧй do not write

In the third person singular. and many others. h. the imperative is formed in an analytical way:
honey sіyӧ gizh-ӧ, honey naiо gizh-ӧny- let him write, let them write.

Participle

-ys present (simultaneously expresses the person, subject or object of action: udzh- Work, uzhalis- worker / worker)
[-en] mostly adjective suffix, see case names)
-ӧm past (gizh-ӧm letters - a written letter)
-tom past negative

Participles

-ig(ӧm) +possessive suffix at the same time
-ӧmӧn simultaneously
-todz before
-тҧг without
-mӧn measure

Examples: seralömön munna- go laughing; seralömtög petny- get out (leave) without laughing; Mudzӧmtӧdz udzhavny- work to the point of exhaustion.

Numerals

Quantitative: 1 - ӧtik, 2 - kyk, 3 - kuim, 4 - nyol, 5 - vit, 6 - quiet, 7 - sizim, 8 - kokyamys, 9 - okmys, 10 - das, 11 - das ӧtik, 12 - das kyk and etc.
Tens, hundreds, thousands: 20 - kyz, 21 - kyz ӧti, 22 - kyz kyk, ..., 30 - komyn, 40 - nelyamyn, 50 - vetymyn, 60 - kvaytymyn, 70 - sizimdas, 80 - kyamysdas, 90 - okmysdas, 100 - syo, 1000 - surs.
Ordinal: medvodza, mӧd, koimӧd, nёlӧd, vitӧd, etc. -ӧd.
Collective: -nan (Pyzan vylyn in the winter sky, pyris mam and bostis sizimnansӧ. - There were seven books on the table, my mother came in and took all seven).

Syntax

Mostly similar to Russian.
The role of prepositions is played by cases and postpositions.
After numerals, the noun is in the singular.
An adjective before a noun does not agree with the word it defines.
A question is formed by adding a particle -ӧ , presence - with the help of the word em(ös) , absence - abu(ӧs)

Literary language

A great contribution to the development of the literary norms of the Komi language was made by

ZYRYANSKY

zyr I nsky

adj. obsolete

1) Relating to the Zyryans, associated with them.

2) Peculiar to the Zyryans, characteristic of them.

3) Belonging to the Zyryans.

Efremov. Explanatory Dictionary of Ephraim. 2012