The best dry white and red wines. The best brands of dry wines - attention to the cork

What is this popular drink and how is it different from its other classmates? Table wine - literally what is consumed at the table, eating. That is, its direct purpose is to accompany the meal, it usually does not represent any gastronomic value on its own.

What does table wine mean?

This is the lowest (and also officially accepted) category in the international system for classifying wines in terms of quality and origin. Moreover, bunches of grapes for table wine can be grown in one area, and the drink itself is made in another country. On the label with this product there will be a marking "canteen" in the language corresponding to the manufacturer. For example, in France - Vin de table, in Italy - Vino da tavola, Tafelwein - in Germany, and Table wine - in the States.

What is the difference?

What does table wine mean? The pan-European (as well as the worldwide) category is distinguished primarily by a simple bouquet and a relatively low pricing policy. A minimum control over product quality is applied: the main thing to watch is that table wine is made from grapes, and only from grapes, and that the final product is safe for the health of consumers. As a rule, there are no additional requirements for taste, varietal composition, characteristics and parameters such as strength and acidity with sweetness.

But this does not mean that table wine is not so tasty. You just can't tell from the label on the bottle what you can expect from the contents. This is exactly what distinguishes the table category from drinks controlled by origin and made according to the requirements of appellations - the codes of distillation rules.

In the production of these wines, less control over the grapes is also used. This means that any berries can be used for production, and bottle labels usually do not indicate where the grapes were grown, in which country or territory. Also, as a rule, the year of harvest and production of the drink is not indicated. But this does not mean that alcohol in this category is of poor quality. Manufacturers themselves monitor the quality of their products, the taste and aroma spectrum of alcohol. Therefore, some wines, according to their classification, are classified as table wines, have a rather high cost, which is often emphasized by buyers.

Classification of table wines

By the way, in the most popular areas of winemaking in France and Italy, Germany and Spain, or, for example, in Georgia, white and red tableware make up a significant part of the production. Traditionally, they are divided into dry and semi-dry, as well as semi-sweet. And also for varietal and blended, for ordinary with vintage. All of the above are classified as white, pink, red. There are also yellow table wines, specially oxidized drinks from white grapes (traditionally in the southern regions). For example, French - in the department of Jura, Armenian Etchmiadzin, Hungarian "To-Kai native", table sherry.

Imeretian and Kakhetian wines in Georgia are singled out as a separate group of canteens. They are prepared according to ancient traditional technologies from a mixture of white and red grape varieties. Also, carbonated (effervescent) wines are also classified as canteens.

Red and white table wine

These drinks are highly valued by the consumer: they have antibacterial properties. And all sorts of putrefactive microorganisms and pathogens, getting into the wine, soon die (it was not for nothing that the Roman legionnaires in ancient times added wine to drinking water). By their acidity and pH, dry drinks are close to gastric juice, and this factor allows them to participate in the digestion process. In general, due to its composition, table wine helps to maintain the acid and alkaline balance in the human body.

As a rule, the preparation of good table drinks is quite labor-intensive; they can easily be destroyed by oxidation, by the influence of micro-organisms, and therefore require the constant attention of the winemaker: careful care of raw materials, low aging temperatures, storage features. Genuine art is the ability to prepare (and then preserve) high-quality tableware. According to many experts, true distillation is dry table wine. Its peculiarity lies in the fact that, having consumed a drink during a meal, a person feels only the slightest intoxication, which is confirmed by consumers in their reviews.

Classification of wine materials

But any wine consists of wine materials. According to technology and purpose, they are traditionally divided into non-fertile and dry. Whites, in turn, are divided into champagne and cognac, table and sherry, blended wine materials. And dry blends are used as part of sparkling and strong (special). Red dry wine materials can be used for both table and sparkling drinks. The so-called nebrods are used both for sparkling and semi-sweet canteens.

Main feature

By the way, all table drinks and wine materials are characterized by the complete naturalness of their components. During production, it is not allowed to add alcohol or sugar or other components to the must (as well as to the finished wine). An exception is made only for sherry, to the wine material of which rectificate is added to increase the strength (16.5%) as a necessity for the sherry process. And it is allowed to add sugar syrup to sparkling (carbonated) wines.

Features of use

How to drink red table dry wine? For the full disclosure of the bouquet, it is advisable to warm up the table drink before serving so that the temperature becomes higher than in the room. For dessert, on the contrary, cooling is recommended (12-16 degrees Celsius).

The choice of glass for drinking wine is also important. The correct shape will allow you to direct the sip and most subtly feel the whole bouquet of flavor with taste. Gourmets believe that the "wrong" glass distorts the taste of the drink. So, for dry red, a glass in the form of a tulip (ball, spherical) is suitable, and for white, a slightly elongated one. For red, they use the largest ones, a little smaller for dry white, and even less for dessert. In general, as follows from the reviews, three types of glasses will be enough for a novice taster.

Everything flows, everything changes, but not the boundless love of gourmets for good white and dry red wines. In many countries (particularly in Italy, France, Georgia), wine is a national drink that is consumed by the population, sorry, like compote.
Our compatriots, who are not accustomed to drinking merlot daily at dinner, want to know: what kind of dry wine is good, and in fact, what do these French people drink - dry red or white wine?

Why is the best wine dry?

If we like to be sweeter and stronger, then in Europe preference is given to dry wine. High-quality dry wine refers to products whose price segment is always above average.

Today we will talk only about those wines that were prepared by not partial, but complete fermentation of grape must. (The residual sugar content in good dry wine is not more than 0.3%). It is dry wines that make up the main assortment of collection, vintage and ordinary drinks. Only dry wine can rightfully be called a natural drink, pure and healthy.

The term "dry wines" cannot be taken literally, as a wine drink is a liquid. The concept of "dry" in this sense is the opposite of the concept of "sweet", since the sugar contained in grape juice turns into alcohol during the fermentation process of dry wines.

Dry wines, which are obtained by fermentation of grape varieties Merlot, Lambrusco, Cabernet, Negrette, Aglianico, Sauvignon, etc., belong to the group of red dry or table wines.

Dry white wines are made from grapes that have been previously skinned. Winemakers most often use varieties such as Muscat, Chardonnay, Vernacha, Riesling, Greco, Tokay and others.

Good dry white wine

In most cases, white wines are consumed “young”, since the most valuable thing in them is the refined aroma and taste of fresh grapes. At the same time, if a light wine is stored in barrels longer than the allowed norm, it quickly begins to darken and lose its refreshing fruity taste. Plus, it becomes bland and stale.

In a completely different way, white wine “matures” in bottles - the aging period grows, and the taste improves.

What does the color of dry white wine say?

  • pallor indicates a light taste;
  • transparency and brilliance - characterize high acidity;
  • a matte shade indicates the softness of the drink;
  • straw-golden hue indicates the maturity of the wine;
  • a white-greenish hue, as a rule, is inherent in young drinks;
  • amber color indicates maturity;
  • the rim of the disc is grayish or brown, indicating spoilage of the wine.

The best brands of dry wines - attention to the cork

You will be surprised, but the most expensive element in a bottle of wine is the cork. The longer it is supposed to be and the better it is, the longer and more expensive its cork will be. So the length of the cork in the choice of wine is a reliable guideline.

Natural corks not only reliably protect the wine from the penetration of harmful oxygen, but also carry very important information.

The cork of a good dry white wine will always have:

  • crop year;
  • the vineyard where the wine was produced;
  • the name of the company that carried out the bottling;
  • the city in which the farm is located;
  • manufacturer's code or brand.

A glass of good white wine for dinner is very beneficial for the human body. The drink helps digest food, fights fatigue and even colds. But at the same time, the abuse of grape wine completely devalues ​​its nutritional value. The first signs of wine alcoholism are manifested in the desire to drink 200-400 ml not only for dinner, but also at lunch. It is noteworthy that many people are really convinced that wine is useful in any amount and does not carry any potential danger. Of course it isn't. Any alcohol in large quantities definitely affects the appearance of a person and his health in general.

According to medical research, 100 g of dry white wine drunk at dinner does not have a toxic effect on the body, but at the same time it is saturated with biologically important elements.

Snack for dry white wine

The main purpose of dry white wines is to subtly emphasize the exquisite taste of certain dishes. That is why white wine is most often used as an aperitif, warming up the appetite. Below are examples.

Gastronomic pairing of dry white wine with food:

  • seafood: lobsters, lobsters, shrimps, oysters, mussels, crayfish, red and black caviar + Portuguese Primus;
  • lean fish + Chilean "Amplus" Chardonnay;
  • cold meat appetizers (poultry, veal, game) + Italian "Turmhof";
  • pâtés + French Clo Floriden;
  • ricotta, mozzarella, feta, mascarpone, cantal, parmesan, emmental and many others + Australian Oxford Landing;
  • grilled vegetables + German "Scharzhof";
  • bread rolls + South African Savannah;
  • fruit + Georgian "Tsinandali".

Foods that are incompatible with dry white wine: citrus fruits, tobacco, chocolate, nuts and strongly spicy culinary products and dishes with a taste of vinegar.

4500 - approximately the number of dry red wine varieties in the world. Impressive. Most of them, of course, are not worth spending your money and time on. But without recognizing the taste of red dry Cabernet Sauvignon, Shiraz or Pinot Noir - think about whether regrets will torment you on the slope last days life?

What should be the color of a good dry red wine?

Let's start with what color of wine should alert.

The turbidity of the drink is the first sign that the wine has either gone bad, or is experiencing an untimely death (and this also happens!), Or the manufacturer used bad grapes, not disdaining even rotten berries.

  • the deep, bright color of the wine testifies to good quality harvest;
  • purple, garnet, dark ruby, violet or cherry hue indicates the youth of dry wine;
  • lighter drinks, such as orange with an ocher crown, are mature and harmonious (but if a yellowish crown appears in a short-lived wine, this is the first sign that the wine has withered).

If you want to buy a good red dry wine, choose elite brands in “heavy” bottles of Burgundy, Bordeaux or Alsatian “flute” made of dark brown and green glass.

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The benefits and harms of dry red wine

Drinking dry red wine in large quantities is just as harmful as taking pure poison from time to time. In the use of good wine, moderation is important, and then the fermented grape juice will indeed have an exceptionally healing effect. Namely:

  • saturate the body with important macro- and microelements;
  • have a beneficial effect on the work of the cardiovascular system;
  • have a stimulating effect on the gastrointestinal tract;
  • reduce antitumor activity;
  • prevent premature aging;
  • stimulate the work of the endocrine glands;
  • tone during the day and improve sleep at night.

The spicier and spicier the dish, the better it will pair with dry wine. But at the same time, the choice of food for wine should be determined by the following principle: the more complex the taste of the dish, the lighter the wine should be, the simpler the appetizer, the richer the drink itself should be.

Gastronomic pairing of dry red wine with food:

  • cheese and dishes with it (for example, pasta and lasagne) + Tuscan "Brunello di Montalcino";
  • baked game + Georgian Kindzmarauli
  • ripe fruits: pears, plums, peaches, apples, mango + Italian Amarone;
  • fried red meat: lamb, pork, beef + Argentine "Caiken Terroir Series";
  • mushrooms + French Le Cornu
  • savory desserts + Burgundy Beaujolais Nouveau

Pickled and pickled vegetables, vanilla, mint, cinnamon are not compatible with dry red wine.

Names of the best red and white dry wines

French dry red wines

  • Chateau de Chamirey, Mercurey Rouge Pinot Noir
  • "Moet & Chandon Nectar Imperial" Chardonnay, Pinot Noir and Pinot Meunier
  • Le "G" de Chateau Guiraud from Sauvignon Blanc and Sémilne grapes

Italian dry red wines

  • Poggio all'Oro Brunello di Montalcino Riserva from Brunello grapes
  • "Turmhof" Chardonnay from Chardonnay grapes
  • Masi, "Costasera" Amarone Classico from Corvina, Molinara and Rondinella grapes

Portuguese dry red wines

  • Quinta do Crasto, "Crasto" from Tinta Barroca, Tinta Roriz and Turiga Frances grapes
  • Enoforum, "Alente Reserva" from the grapes of Alicante, Trincadeira and Aragones
  • Pegoes, Adega de Pegoes from Chardonnay, Antau Vaz and Arinto grapes

Russian dry red wines

  • Usadba Divnomorskoe» Chardonnay from Chardonnay grapes;
  • Winery Vedernikov, "Sibirkoviy" Oak Aged from Siberian grapes
  • Abrau-Durso Gold, Pinot Noir, Riesling and Chardonnay Brut

Dry red wines from Germany

  • Burg Ravensburg, Spatburgunder Pinot Noir
  • A.Christmann, Konigsbach Riesling trocken from Riesling grapes
  • Keller, "Cuvee -f-" Pinot Noir and Dornfelder

  • Teliani Valley, Saperavi from Saperavi grapes
  • Teliani Valley, "Mukuzani" from Saperavi grapes
  • Kindzmarauli Marani from Kisi grapes (red semi-sweet vintage wine)

American dry white and red wines (USA)

  • Duckhorn Decoy Red Wine Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon
  • Geyser Peak, Sauvignon Blanc from Sauvignon Blanc grapes
  • Cline, "Ancient Vines" Carignane from Carignano grapes

  • Adega Eidos, "Veigas de Padrinan" from Albariño grapes
  • Muga, Blanco, Fermentado en Barrica from Viura grapes
  • Marques de Caceres, Crianza from Tempranillo and Garnacha grapes

Australian dry red wines

  • Fox Creek Vixen Shiraz, Cabernet Franc and Cabernet Sauvignon
  • "Shadow's Run" Shiraz and Cabernet Sauvignon
  • Tyrrell's Wines "Semillon Vat 1" from Semillon grapes

Table wine is an alcoholic drink that got its name because of the daily presence on the tables of the inhabitants of wine-growing regions. Drinking this drink brings not only pleasure, but also health benefits. It has amazing taste and intoxicating aroma.

Red wine is best made from wine grapes.

Varieties of the drink

Receive table wine as a result of fermentation of must or pulp. It is also called natural wine, since in order to obtain it, in addition to the necessary components, nothing extra (alcohol, sugar) is added. Depending on which production technology is chosen, the wine is divided into dry, semi-sweet and semi-dry. The first is obtained as a result of complete fermentation of wine materials, and the last 2 by partial fermentation.

Different wines tend to contain a certain amount of sugar. In semi-sweet, the amount of sugar varies from 3 to 8 g per 100 cm 3, in semi-dry - from 1 to 2.5 g, and dry wine contains no more than 0.3 g of sugar. Semi-sweet and semi-dry wines are valued for their moderate alcohol content, variety of flavors, soft aroma, and correct acidity. Some of the most deserving semi-sweet wines in the world are:

Fermentation of wine occurs when air enters the bottle freely.

  • Auslese;
  • Barzak;
  • Chateau Yquem;
  • Ojaleshi;
  • Khvanchkara;
  • Spatlese.

Dry, semi-dry and semi-sweet wines are aged in barrels for different periods of time. Drinks aged for one year are ordinary. They can be bottled and sold. If the wine is aged for another 1-2 years, then it is already considered vintage. Pouring it into containers, be sure to indicate the year of harvest. Collection wine is considered to be aged for many years. Over the years, a bottled drink acquires a special refined taste, sediment appears at the bottom, which helps to eliminate slags.

The drink can be varietal, if 1 grape variety was used for its manufacture, or blended, that is, made from different varieties that form a harmonious combination. Table wine comes in white, red and pink. The latter is distinguished by its color, as well as taste characteristics.

The health benefits are to improve digestion, stabilize the acid balance in the human body. Drinking a drink in small portions helps to enrich the body with essential minerals and acids.

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Characteristics of table drinks

Many people do not understand table wines, so they find it difficult to make a choice when buying. However, due to their taste characteristics, wines are suitable for completely different dishes. Taste, aroma, color of the drink, strength are determined not only by technology, but also by the variety of grapes, the characteristics of its cultivation, ripening time and other factors. White and rosé wines are more similar in taste, as they are characterized by an identical degree of fruit ripeness. They have a fresh, refined aroma and a light aftertaste. The alcohol content ranges from 10 to 12%, while in red table wines, alcohol is 11-13%.

White dry wines are distinguished by their diversity. Their taste varies from easy simple to a rich opening bouquet with a refined aftertaste. They are young and mature. The change in taste characteristics is influenced not only by the process of obtaining a drink, but also by the area in which the grapes were grown, namely its climatic conditions and illumination. The degree of maturity and grape variety can give the drink a special nutmeg flavor, give a slight sour tint and a delicate aroma.

For quality white wine, a rough taste is unacceptable. An ordinary drink has a varietal or velvety, floral aroma. It tastes delicate with a barely noticeable sour tint. If the drink is branded, then it is characterized by an ethereal tone of exposure and a pleasant aftertaste. The correct color of such a drink is yellow-straw or yellow-green.

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Red and pink

Grapes must be pitted.

Red table wine is considered very useful. Unlike other wines, it contains many trace elements and vitamins necessary for the body, which give strength and health. The production of red table wine involves the use of only red grape varieties. Astringency and rich aroma of the drink give the substances contained in the skins, seeds and ridges.

Over the years, the drink acquires a very pleasant, lighter aroma, refined and refined taste bouquet. Exposure softens the astringency and bitterness that are inherent in a young drink. Quality aged red wines have a characteristic onion or brown color. If the drink is young, then its color has shades of dark ruby ​​​​or garnet.

White wines can be made not only from white grape varieties (Aligote, Sauvignon, Chardonnay), but also from red ones. The main thing is to use only grape juice without skins, seeds or ridges. Since the juice is almost colorless, the drink will have the correct shade. White grape varieties used for production are grown in areas with a temperate warm climate, where the air temperature during the hot months is from 18 to 27 ° C. Thanks to this, the wine will turn out good. The provinces of France, some regions of Austria, Italy, Moldova, Ukraine, Hungary are perfect for growing.

Cabernet Sauvignon and Saperavi are the best varieties for the production of dry red wine. They are grown in temperate warm climates with an average temperature of 20°C. During fruit ripening, the weather should be dry. French drinks such as rose Bordeaux, Bordeaux Clairette and Burgundy rose are the benchmarks for rosé wine. It was they who first began to receive in France by insisting wine material for 6-24 hours. The color of rosé wine can be different: light pink, light red, orange-yellowish, pale ruby ​​with a slight creamy tint. A drink with a bright pink or raspberry tone is considered valuable.

Rosé wine can receive different ways. For example, by blending using a special technology or short-term fermentation of red grape varieties, or by the principle of making red wine, but from incompletely ripened fruits.

In the CIS countries, red wines are more popular, while in Europe, preference is given to white. This state of affairs has developed due to the fact that even in the Soviet Union more dark varieties of grapes were grown both on an industrial scale and in personal household plots. We have a misconception that white wine is less healthy than red wine.

The process of winemaking, the main phase of which is considered alcoholic fermentation, is the natural conversion of fructose and glucose into alcohol. In addition to alcohol, during fermentation, secondary substances are formed that affect the quality of wine: tannins, aromatic compounds, organic acids. The fermentation process is considered complete only when the sugar is completely fermented.

White wine differs from red in that it is made not only from white, but also from some dark varieties, and red is made only from dark grapes. The color of the wine depends on the color of the skin of the berries, which contains dyes, so when making white wine from dark-colored grape varieties, they try to avoid prolonged contact of the juice with the colored skin of the berries. Dark varieties are also used to obtain such drinks are sometimes produced by blending, during which white and red wine materials are mixed in certain proportions.

Good white wine is also made at home. The main thing in such production is the use of well-ripened grapes, which have reached a high sugar content. If the berries have a low sugar content, you can resort to adding a certain amount of sugar to the grape must. This technique is called chaptalization.

White wine needs to be stored under certain conditions. It has been established that sunlight affects not only the quality of the drink, but also the term it contains and compounds that, under the influence of sunlight, undergo negative chemical processes. So in the drink there is a process called iron tartrate photochemistry, which has a very negative effect on the quality of the drink. During this process, natural wine preservatives break down, resulting in darkening of the wine.

To save useful properties drink white wine, as a rule, is bottled in dark bottle glass (amber and dark green), which absorbs light from active ultraviolet rays.

Table white wine is considered one of the most delicate and delicate. For the production of such a drink, grapes are used without excessive sugar, since with a large amount of sugar, heavier, alcoholic, wines with low acidity are obtained. Wines with an alcohol content of 9-11% are considered the most harmonious. Such drinks should not have sour tones, which often appear in table wines and reduce their quality.

White wine is made from all white, rosé and most red grape varieties. You can not get such a drink only from varieties of "black" grapes with intensely colored pulp. The color of this drink depends on the type and production technology. It can range from light straw with a greenish or yellowish tint to lemon yellow, gold or deep amber.

The color of wine indicates some of its properties. So, slightly colored varieties do not undergo aging in wooden (oak) barrels. White wine with an intense color with a lemon tint indicates a short time of infusion on the pulp or the production of a drink from overripe grapes. A golden or amber color is indicative of serious age or long oak barrel aging. White wines are less extractive than red wines. They have a light and delicate taste.

White wine, the benefits of which are much greater than the harm from the effects of alcohol, has a positive effect on the functioning of the cardiovascular system due to the content of substances such as polyphenols in it. In addition, daily consumption of 200 ml leads to gradual weight loss. This drink strengthens the immune system, improves lung function, and increases the level of antioxidants.

To truly enjoy the bouquet of wine, you should follow the rules for its use and correctly combine the drink with snacks and hot dishes. Many people do not know what they drink white wine with. Table (semi-dry and dry) is great for an aperitif, fish dishes, poultry dishes (chicken, turkey, game), stewed vegetables, seafood (crabs, shrimp, oysters, mussels). combined with various vegetable dishes and seafood. - with desserts, chocolate, fruit, crackers, mild cheese. Table wines are drunk chilled to 10-12 °C, and dessert wines - up to 14-16 °C.

Preparation of moonshine and alcohol for personal use
absolutely legal!

After the demise of the USSR, the new government stopped the fight against moonshine. Criminal liability and fines were abolished, and an article prohibiting the production of alcohol-containing products at home was removed from the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. To this day, there is not a single law that prohibits you and me from engaging in our favorite hobby - making alcohol at home. This is evidenced by the Federal Law of July 8, 1999 No. 143-FZ “On Administrative Responsibility legal entities(organizations) and individual entrepreneurs for offenses in the field of production and circulation of ethyl alcohol, alcoholic and alcohol-containing products” (Collection of Legislation Russian Federation, 1999, N 28, art. 3476).

Extract from federal law RF:

"The effect of this Federal Law does not apply to the activities of citizens (individuals) who do not produce products containing ethyl alcohol for the purpose of marketing."

Moonshine in other countries:

In Kazakhstan in accordance with the Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan On Administrative Offenses dated January 30, 2001 N 155, the following liability is provided. So, according to article 335 “Manufacture and sale alcoholic beverages home-made" illegal manufacture for the purpose of selling moonshine, chacha, mulberry vodka, mash and other alcoholic beverages, as well as the sale of these alcoholic beverages entails a fine in the amount of thirty monthly calculation indices with confiscation of alcoholic beverages, apparatus, raw materials and equipment for their manufacture, and also received from their sale of money and other valuables. However, the law does not prohibit the preparation of alcohol for personal purposes.

In Ukraine and Belarus things are different. Articles No. 176 and No. 177 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of Ukraine provide for the imposition of fines in the amount of three to ten tax-free minimum wages for the manufacture and storage of moonshine without the purpose of sale, for the storage without the purpose of sale of apparatus * for its production.

Article 12.43 repeats this information practically word for word. “Production or purchase of strong alcoholic beverages (moonshine), semi-finished products for their production (mash), storage of devices for their production” in the Code of the Republic of Belarus on Administrative Offenses. Item number 1 says: "Manufacturing individuals strong alcoholic beverages (moonshine), semi-finished products for their manufacture (mash), as well as storage of devices * used for their manufacture - entails a warning or a fine in the amount of up to five basic units with confiscation of these drinks, semi-finished products and devices.

*Purchase moonshine stills for home use, it is still possible, since their second purpose is the distillation of water and the production of components for natural cosmetics and perfumes.