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When the future simple is used. Future Simple Tense in English

When the future simple is used. Future Simple Tense in English

The Future Simple tense in English or the Simple Future is necessary in order to talk about upcoming events. It is important to understand the cases of use and the features of the formation of the structure.

How Future Simple is Formed

To communicate plans for the future using the English language, you will need to use the following grammatical formula: will (I will) + verb in initial form . Features of Future Simple education will be clearer for children and adults if you look at the tables.

affirmative sentences

Previously, the Future Simple tense used the verb shall instead of will in the first person singular and plural. In many textbooks English grammar similar examples have been preserved, which also indicate an action in the future: I shall go to Africa next month. – I will go to Africa next month./ Anna and Frank shall meet at the theater tonight. Anna and Frank will meet at the theater tonight.

Negation

*Singular*	*Plural*
I won't draw a picture. – I will not draw a picture.	We won't draw a picture. We will not draw a picture.
	You won't draw a picture. You won't draw a picture.
He/She/It won't draw a picture. – He/She/It will not draw a picture.	They won't draw a picture. They won't draw a picture.

In negations, native speakers often use abbreviations. According to the scheme for the formation of such a sentence, the verb will, combined with the negative particle not, turns into won't.

Interrogative sentences and short answers

Will I play chess? – Will I play chess?	Yes, you will./No, you won't.
Will you play chess? - Will you play chess?	Yes, I will./No, I won't.
Will he/she/it play chess? Will she/he/it play chess?	Yes, he/she/it will./No, he/she/it won't.
Will we play chess? - Shall we play chess?	Yes, we will./No, we won't.
Will you play chess? - Will you play chess?	Yes, I/we will./No, I/we won't.
Will they play chess? Will they play chess?	Yes, they will./No, they won't.

Special questions in the Future Simple tense are formed by adding special words that clarify some information to the beginning of the sentence:

Who - who:
Who will take out the rubbish? Who will take out the trash?
What - What? Which?:
What will you do tomorrow? - What will you do tomorrow? What car will you buy next time? What car will you buy next?
When - When?:
When will he celebrate his birthday? When will he celebrate his birthday?
Where - Where? Where?:
Why - Why? Why?:
Why will she study Spanish next year? Why will she study Spanish next year?
How much / how many - How much? (much is used with uncountable nouns, many with countable ones):
How long - How long?:
How long will you stay in Moscow? – How long will you stay in Moscow?

When translating Future Simple sentences, it is necessary to take into account the meaning of the phrase, where the verb will (will) in the Russian version does not always remain: I will make a lot of money. – I will earn a lot of money. He will write a new book. He will write a new book.

Features of the use of the Simple Future Tense

It is necessary not only to understand how the Future Simple is formed, but also to understand when this grammatical phenomenon is used in speech. This knowledge will help when writing letters, essays, etc.

To indicate a one-time action in the future:
They will go to the mountains tomorrow. They will go to the mountains tomorrow.
To report regular actions that will be repeated at certain intervals in the future:

English grammar contains several possible forms of using verbs in the future tense. Each of them has its own construction laws and use cases. First, we will get acquainted with them separately, and then we will reduce all the ways of expressing the future tense in English into one common table.

Simple

The first category is used to designate actions that are expected to be performed in any time period. In other words, this case is suitable for phrases: “I will do it tomorrow”, “I promise to do it later”, “I will do my homework tomorrow, and then I will play”, or if we make a decision right at the moment of the conversation.

The simple future form is formed by adding an auxiliary verb will(in 1st person also used shall) to the predicate of the sentence in the form of an infinitive (without to). In writing, these combinations are often abbreviated to construction "pronoun +'ll».

We (1) + will (2) + go (3) + onholiday thissummer (4) – We're going on vacation this summer.

To turn a statement into a question, all you need to do is swap the subject with the word will/shall. Interrogative sentences in Future Simple can be schematically represented as follows:

Will (1) you (2) go (3) onholidaythissummer (4)? – Are you going on vacation this summer??

To create a negation, you need to add a particle to the verb will / shall not. In abbreviated form, the structure looks like this: won't /shan't. Consider how the simple future is expressed in all types of sentences.

Continuous

The future tense in English can have the so-called continuous form, that is, we are talking about an action, the process of which will take place at a specific moment in the future time. Such constructions are called Future Continuous. Their education is similar to the previous group, only will is added to be, and the predicate of these sentences is the participle form I.

Mike (1) will (2) be (3) stillsleeping (4) whenIcome (5) – Mike will still be sleeping when I arrive..

Sometimes there are sentences in which the circumstance of time comes first, and after it follows the standard scheme: In a week we'llbecelebratingmybrother'sbirthday (A week later we will celebrate my brother's birthday).

Questions in the future continuous are also built on the principle of making will in the first place, only between the subject and the predicate wedged be.

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Will (1) Mike (2) be (3) sleeping (4) whenyoucome(5) ? Will Mike be sleeping when you come?

For creating negative form still in use not. Let's explore the options.

+	?	—
Their friends will be watching the football match tonight.	Will their friends be watching football match tonight?	Their friends won't be watching the football match tonight.
Their friends will be watching a football match tonight.	Will their friends watch the football match tonight?	Their friends won't be watching football tonight.
I' ll be still working at 6 o'clock.	Will you be still working at 6 o'clock?	I won't be working at 6 o'clock.
I will still be working at 6 o'clock.	Will you still be working at 6 o'clock?	I will not work at 6 o'clock.

Perfect / Ending (Perfect / Perfect Continuous)

This group always causes difficulties, since many often do not distinguish between the meanings of these structures. Fortunately, such combinations in English are very rare. But it is still necessary to be able to understand them.

Verbs can take the form Future Perfect in cases where the speaker plans to complete some action by a precisely specified time. In this case, the construction, in addition to will and the predicate, contains another verb - have.

I(1) shall (2) have(3) painted (4) the picture by 3 o'clock (5) – Ifinishpaintpicturetothreehours.

The negation of sentences for the future perfect tense is built with the help of not, and to create a clarifying question, it is necessary to put will in front, and after it the subject, have, predicate, etc.

Will (1) you(2) have (3)painted (4) the picture by 3 o'clock (5) ? – Youfinish drawingthispicturetothreehours?

As we have already noted, when studying English, meet the future tense called Future Perfect Continuous practically not necessary. Therefore, we only note that his constructions largely coincide with the tenses given above, but between have and the predicate is inserted been. According to the difference between these times, the use of Perfect shows the completion of the action, and the use of Perfect Continuous indicates that the action has already been going on for some time and will still continue when a certain moment comes.

I (1) shall (2) have (3) been (4) painting (5) thepicturefor3 monthsbyOctober (6) – In November it will be 3 months since I paint this picture (and it is still not completed).

Let's consider a possible expression of the future in given times using specific examples.

+	?	—
Jack says that he will have read this book by Friday.	Will Jack have read this book by Friday?	Jack won't have read this book by Friday.
Jack says that he will have read this book by Friday (finished reading it).	Will Jack have read this book by Friday?	Jack will not have read this book by Friday.
I will have been living in Prague for 10 years by next year.	Will you have been living in Prague for 10 years by next year?	I won't have been living in Prague for 10 years by next year.
Next year it will be 10 years since I have lived in Prague (and will continue to live there).	Next year it will be 10 years since you live in Prague?	Next year will not be 10 years since I live in Prague.

Special cases

There are several other ways to talk about the future, although they do not grammatically belong to the above groups. We are talking about constructions to be going to and Future in Past, which can also express the future tense in English.

Other English topics: Past tense in English: learning to perceive the past in English

The turnover to be going to + the infinitive is used in situations where there are specific plans for the near future, i.e. the speaker is determined to do it at the first opportunity.

Jane (1) is (2) goingto (3) tell (4) herparentsthetruth – Jane is going (intends) to tell her parents the truth.

It is important to note that go, come cannot be used as a predicate in this construction. Following this rule, they are used only in the simple present tense.

Combination " The future is in the past”, as the name implies, is used when talking about long-past events. It can be translated by the phrase: would have done, should have, etc. In general, these are relative clauses of a conditional nature. To use this construction, you need to take any sentence of the Future tenses group, and replace in it will on the would.

Future tense in English in tables

This generalized table will help you remember new material faster.

Future
	+	?	—
Simple	Subject + will + inf. She will write…	Will + Subject + inf. Will he speak…?	Will + not + subject + inf. We won't work...
Continuous	Subject + will + be + adverb I I will be telling…	Will + Subject + be + adverb I Will they be watching…?	Subject + will + not + be + adverb I You won't be washing…
Perfect	Subject + will + have + part II We will have finished…	Will + Subject + have + part II Will you have painted…?	Subject + will + have + not + adverb II He won't have typed…
Perfect Continuous	Subject + will + have + been + adverb I I will have been living…	Will + subject + have + been + adverb I Will we have been standing…?	Subject + will + not + have + been + adverb I They won't have been spending…
To be going to
A special case	Subject + to be + going to + inf. We are going to learn…	To be + subject + going to + inf. Are you going to run…?	Subject + to be + not + going to + inf. She isn't going to lie...

The affirmative form of Simple Future/Future Indefinite Tense - future simple/indefinite tense - is formed using auxiliary verbs shall/will + infinitive without to for first person singular and plural and auxiliary verb will + infinitive without to for all other persons singular and plural.

I shall go there tomorrow. I will go there tomorrow.
He will write a new article for our magazine. He will write a new article for our magazine.

I shall cook	We shall cook
You will cook	You will cook
He/she/it will cook	They will cook

Note:
Many English people in affirmative and negative sentences, especially in colloquial speech, prefer to use will rather than shall in the first person, because will emphasizes the intention, desire, etc. of the speaker, especially at the moment of expressing intention when solving something urgent, sudden. For example, you went to the store, saw something interesting and immediately decided to buy it:

I will buy it. I will buy it. (I want to have it; in Russian, you can also convey it in the present tense, “I buy it, I take it.”)

Compare:

I shall be there. I will be there. (Simple statement of fact.)
I will be there. I will be there. (I intend to be there, I want to, I will definitely be there.)

Note. In case of doubt about the use of shall or will in this particular case, it is recommended to use will.

negative form the future simple/indefinite tense is formed by a negative particle not, which is placed after the auxiliary verb shall or will before the main verb.

I shall/will not go there. I won't go there.

In interrogative-negative sentences, only the first abbreviated form or the full form is used without any abbreviations.

Won't you wait a little, please, or will you come here tomorrow?
Wait a little, please, or come here tomorrow?

Note:
In general matters shall and will often do not have a future tense. Shall is used with a modal meaning to express the speaker's desire to receive instructions or orders from his interlocutor.

Will or won't are used to express a polite form or invitation.

Will you clean the blackboard, please? Please erase from the board.
Won't you read, please? Please read.

Using the Future Simple

The future simple/indefinite tense is used:

1. To express a once or repeatedly repeated action that will happen in the future. At the same time, in contrast to modally colored forms, the speaker's special attitude to the future action is not expressed - it is simply stated as an action that will take place in the future. Such sentences usually have expressions denoting time, for example: tomorrow - tomorrow, the day after tomorrow - day after tomorrow, tonight- tonight, next day (week, month, year) - the next day(on the next week, next month, year), in… days (hours) - in… days(hours), etc.

I'll call you tonight. I will call you tonight.
The first academic term will end in ten days. The first academic semester will end in 10 days.

2. To describe the natural course of events, habitual actions that must take place in the future.

Summer will come soon. Summer will come soon.
Students will make plans for the vacation. Students will make plans for the holidays.

3. To express an action that will take place under certain circumstances and conditions. Often these conditions and circumstances are expressed in conditional and temporary subordinate clauses with conjunctions if, when etc., sometimes subordinate clauses goals.

If I drop this glass it will break. If I drop this glass, it will break.
When it gets warmer the snow will start to melt. When it warms up, the snow will melt.

4. Usually in combination with adverbs, modal introductory words and expressions, meaning assumptions, doubts, probabilities, etc., to express an opinion, assumption, reflection of the speaker about the future. These are verbs: to think - think, to know- know, to believe believe, to suppose - assume to feel sure feel confident, to expect- expect, to hope- hope, to be afraid - afraid and others, as well as the words: probably - probably, possibly - Maybe, perhaps - may be and etc.

He'll work hard, I am sure. I'm sure it will work well.
They'll probably wait for us. They will probably wait for us.

The Future simple tense represents the simple future tense in English. It is a temporary form that is able to express a single, permanent, as well as periodically or constantly repeating action that refers to the future tense and is described in speech.

Education Future Simple

Affirmative sentence form

The formation of Future Simple is not a complex issue. An auxiliary verb will is required. It should be noted that the Future Simple formula is built quite simply and is easy to understand for someone who is just starting to learn a language: first, the subject will be in the sentence, then the verb will will be located, and in third place is the main verb, which will lack the particle to. Earlier auxiliary verbs were shall and will. Now the latter is the only variant of the auxiliary verb of this tense, and shall is only sometimes used to build some questions, which is discussed below.

Any shape affirmative proposal in the future tense in English it will be built like this:

I/He/She/It/We/You/They + will + the first form of the semantic verb.

Examples:
I will come to you. - I will come to you.
He will do this for you. He will do it for you.

The verb will in the affirmative form can be combined with the pronoun into a more convenient abbreviated form: I'll, He'll, They'll.

The form to be in Future Simple is not considered separately, since the verb to be does not change, as it happens in Present Simple or Present Continuous. The verb to be in the future tense has its original form.

Negative sentence form

Sentences in Future Simple can also be built in negation. To do this, it is enough to add the particle not to the auxiliary verb.

The formula in this case looks like this:
I/He/She/It/We/You/They + will not + the first form of the main verb.

Examples:
I will not come to you. - I won't come to you.
He will not do this for you. He won't do it for you.

For a normal negative sentence in the Future Simple Active, you can also use the easier to use form with will not: will + not = won't. This wording is used more often than the usual one.

Interrogative sentence form

Questions in Future Simple are also built quite simply. Any interrogative sentence begins with the verb will (except for special questions discussed below), followed by the subject and the semantic verb in its first form. It looks like this: Will + I/he/she/it/we/you/they + the first form of the semantic verb.

Will I come to you? - I will come to you?
Will he do this for you? Will he do it for you?

Special questions

In addition to general questions, special questions are also used in the future tense. To build them, the words are required: who (who), what (what), when (when), which (what), whom (to whom), where (where). In this case, the formula looks like this: interrogative word + will + pronoun + first form of the semantic verb.

In the case of using the interrogative word who (who), there is no pronoun in the formula, since it is the answer to the question asked.

Who will go with you? - Who will go with you?
What will we see in Italy? What will we see in Italy?

Application of the future tense

The rules and examples of using the Future Simple are quite varied.

Time is used to make a guess about a certain action in the future. That is, a person thinks or guesses that some specific action will happen:

The book will give you lots of useful information. You will find a lot of useful information in this book.

In sentences, you can find verbs that directly indicate doubt, some kind of assumption, confidence, or uncertainty about something:

think, hope, believe, expect, imagine;
be sure, be certain, probably, perhaps.

You can pass a variety of values:

A simple action and a fact in the future: You will go to the theater tomorrow. You will go to the theater tomorrow.
Recurring action in the future: In Italy I will go for a walk every day. In Italy I will go for a walk every day.
Consistent future actions: I will cook breakfast and we will eat with my sister. I will cook breakfast and we will eat with my sister.
Promise: He will come and help you with all things before leaving. – He will come and help you with all your things before leaving

Spontaneous decision: Look at this interesting book! I will buy it immediately! Look at this interesting book! I'll buy it right now!
Offer or do something: Will they have a cup of tasty coffee? Will they have a cup of delicious coffee?
Asking for something: Will he help her to find a book? Will he help her find the book?
Threat or warning: Listen to me or I will be angry. “Listen to me or I'll get angry.
An action that will take place over which we have no influence: She will be eleven next month. She will be 11 next month.

Using shall

Is the auxiliary verb shall relevant for use in Simple Future tense? This word has long been considered obsolete, because examples of sentences with it are practically absent in practice.

But you can still meet this auxiliary verb in official documentation and texts, or in outdated formulations. Also, sometimes with its help, sentences are formed in which we ask someone's opinion. Future Simple - examples using shall:

Shall I buy this T-shirt? Should I buy this T-shirt?

You can sometimes meet shall and in such a sense as "should". Using the Future Simple with shall:
She shall buy this T-shirt for me. She should buy this T-shirt for me.

A proposal for spending time together when the Shall we construction is an analogue of Let’s:
Shall we watch TV? - Shall we watch TV?

An offer to do something for someone:
Shall I help him? — Can I help him?

What will be the clue?

To determine the Future Indefinite Tense with accuracy, you need to pay attention to the markers, which are time indicators. By such simple clues, you can understand that you have a sentence and wording from Future Indefinite Active.

Examples of satellite words Future Simple:

Tomorrow - tomorrow
The day after tomorrow - the day after tomorrow
Next day, week - next day, week
In one day - in a day
Tonight - in the evening
Soon - soon.

Demonstrative words can be different, refer to a different period in the future. With the help of such markers, a detailed sentence for Future Indefinite Tense is formed.

The Future Simple and will are used to express one's thoughts about future actions or any states. If you want to start learning English, you will master this time quite quickly, so you can start learning now! If you have any questions or conclusions about your achievements, leave your comments.

Let's see how to build different types interrogative sentences in the future simple tense in English. So, future simple. Questions in Future Simple.

Remember that in Russian there are 2 forms of the future tense: simple and complex. A simple one is formed by changing the verb: go - I'll go, eat - eat, pour - pour. Difficult - with the help of the word "I will" and the infinitive - I will walk, I will eat, I will pour. In English, only this is expressed by one form of the future tense - will + infinitive. I will pour \ pour \u003d will pour.

Let's remember what types of questions exist in English:1. General question- Will you go to school? 2. Alternative question: Will you go to school or stay at home? 3.Special question: What time will you go to school? 4. Separating question or "question with a tail" You will go to school, won't you? Are you going to school?

I will take examples from English textbooks.

General question: Will + who + verb + rest +?(Do not forget to put a question mark at the end of the sentence. Otherwise, you always forget)

Will you play basketball tomorrow?- We start the translation with the subject. Are you going to play basketball tomorrow? (when translating, the words can be rearranged as it will sound better in Russian). If translated as in English, it would be: Will you play basketball tomorrow? - some nonsense. More examples:

Will they come to me next Sunday? — Will they come to me next Sunday?(remember that we do not use prepositions with the word next.)

To make a statement general question, you need to rearrange the word will to the first place in the sentence. — My father will get a nice present tomorrow. — Will my father get a nice present tomorrow? Will my dad get a wonderful present tomorrow? (while the “who” part is expressed by a pronoun + noun = my father) Will they find the orchid? Will they find an orchid?

Alternative question. It is built using the union "or" - or. And there is always a choice "something or something". Will +who+ verb+ rest +or+ something else+? Will you go to school or stay at home? — Will you go to school or stay home? Will you read a fairy tale or an adventure story? — Will you read a fairy tale or adventure story? Will your mom cook soup or bake a cake? — Will your mother make soup or a cake?

The answer to such a question would be complete: I will stay home. Or in short: Adventure story. cake

Special question:Interrogative word + will + who \ what + verb + rest +?

Question words: What- what, what, where- where, where, When- when, How much\many- How many how long- how much (in time) Why - why / why

Where will the event take place? — Where will the event take place? 2. When will the pie be ready? — When will a cake be done? 3. How much will it cost? — How much will it cost? 4. Why are you going there? — Why will you go there?

The answer to the special question will be a complete affirmative sentence. Or short without subject and predicate. The cake will be ready in 15 minutes\ In 15 minutes. — A cake will be done in 15 minutes\ In 15 minutes.

In real life, the short form is more commonly used. Children at school are forced to write complete nonsense.

Alternative question.It is built using an affirmative sentence in the future tense + , + negative tail (won’t + pronoun?) or vice versa: a negative sentence in the future tense + , + positive tail (will + pronoun?)