Past Simple tense in English. Past Simple Tense - past tense in English How the past simple is formed

What is Past Simple (Past Idefinite)

Past Simple (Past Indefinite) is the simple past tense in English, which is used to convey information about a specific event or action that occurred in the past.

The name speaks for itself - this temporary form is actually considered the simplest in the ocean of the past tenses of the English language. The action could take place in the recent past or the distant past, and its duration, duration or completeness does not matter.

Formula Education Past Simple

When using regular English verbs:

Subject + verb infinitive without particle « to» + ending -ed.

My grandma danced a lot when she was young.
my granny a lot danced when I was young.

When using irregular English verbs:

Subject + 2 form of the verb.

Jessica hung out with her foreign mates at the record store last week.
Jessica last week hung out with their foreign friends.

Words markers and pointers in Past Simple

The main indicators of time "Past Simple" include the following words and phrases:

• yesterday- yesterday,
• last week- last week,
• two hours ago- two hours ago,
• then- Then,
• in 1998- in 1998, etc.

Mom bought that bag by Gucci in 2005.
Ma bought that Gucci bag in 2005.

Yesterday they watched their favorite photos from the past.
Yesterday They watched your favorite photos from the past.

Affirmative sentences in Past Simple

The affirmative sentence in "Past Simple" is built quite simply. First comes subject followed by verb with the end «- ed", if it is regular (regular); or second verb form, if it refers to irregular verbs ( irregular verbs). Regardless of the person and number of the English subject, the predicate remains identical for everyone. Past Simple rules and examples can be found in the table below.

Interrogative sentences in Past Simple

To create an interrogative sentence ( interrogative sentence) in “Past Simple”, you just need to put the auxiliary verb “ did", then subject and finally the initial form of the semantic verb(i.e. an infinitive without the particle "to").

Negative sentences in Past Simple

As in a regular affirmative sentence, a negative sentence ( negative sentence) should start with subject. Next, add the auxiliary verb " did» with a negative particle « not»: « did not / didn't”, and then we use the infinitive form of the verb without using the particle“ to". Voila!

The formula for constructing a negative sentence in Past Simple

REGULAR VERB		IRREGULAR VERB
I + DIDN'T + PAINT	I didn't draw	I + DIDN'T + SLEEP	I did not sleep
You + DIDN'T + PAINT	You didn't draw	You + DIDN'T + SLEEP	You did not sleep
She + DIDN'T + PAINT He + DIDN'T + PAINT It + DIDN'T+ PAINT	She didn't draw He didn't draw It didn't draw	She + DIDN'T + SLEEP He + DIDN'T + SLEEP It + DIDN'T + SLEEP	She didn't sleep He didn't sleep It didn't sleep
We + DIDN'T + PAINT	We didn't draw	We + DIDN'T + SLEEP	We didn't sleep
You + DIDN'T + PAINT	You didn't draw	You + DIDN'T + SLEEP	You didn't sleep
They + DIDN'T + PAINT	They didn't draw	They + DIDN'T + SLEEP	They didn't sleep

The use of verbs in Past Simple

When it comes to the past tense in English, many probably have a question: “But how to use the verb correctly“ be"?" So that such a question does not arise, we recall that this verb has a couple of forms: “ was» / « were» / « been". Since we are talking about "Past Indefinite", then we, accordingly, need the second options based on the rules for constructing this English-language time.

Time to give some examples past simple" for clarity:

Gee, I don't have any idea where that guy was last time!
My God, yes I have no idea where was that guy last time!

Their kids were typical sweetums and binged on candies almost every day back in the days.
In the past, their children were typical sweet tooth and ate candy almost every day.

Education Past Simple in asset and liability

When we touch on "Past Simple", it is important to remember that this tense has 2 options. One is used for active voice (Active voice) - time " Past Simple Active". The second - for passive (Passive voice) - time " Past Simple Passive».

• Passive voice:

If used correct verbs in " past simple»:

Subject + verb was/were + infinitive verb without particles « to» With ending «- ed».

That seascape was painted by Edward William Cooke in the 19th century.
That seascape was painted by Edward William Cook in the 19th century.

Subject + verb was/were + 3 form verb

Their names were forgotten two decades ago.
Their names were forgotten two decades ago.

Affirmative sentence: "Past Simple Passive" vs. "Past Simple Active":

"Black Widow" was written by Iggy Azalea in 2014.
Iggy Azalea wrote"Black Widow" in 2014.
Iggy Azalea wrote the song "Black Widow" in 2014.

Negative sentence: "Past Simple Passive" vs. "Past Simple Active"

"Cloud Atlas" wasn't directed by Hayao Miyazaki then.
Hayao Miyazaki didn't direct"Cloud Atlas" then.
Hayao Miyazaki wasn't directing Cloud Atlas at the time.

Interrogative sentence: "Past Simple Passive" vs. Past Simple Active"

was that mansion built by my ancestors last century?
Did my ancestors build that mansion last century?
Did my ancestors build that mansion in the last century?

Cases of using Past Simple

The difference between Past Simple and Present Perfect

past simple	Present Perfect
The action happened at a certain moment in the past.	The action ended at an indefinite moment, we have a result, but we do not know in what period of time the action occurred.
Elizabeth left us yesterday. Elizabeth left us yesterday.	Elizabeth has left for Seoul. Elizabeth left for Seoul.
An action happened at a certain point in the past and cannot be repeated.	The action happened, we have the result at the moment, and it can be repeated.
We met Princess Diana. We met Princess Diana.	We have spoken to Nicki Minaj. We spoke with Nicki Minaj.
Past Simple - a fact in the past, a given that some action took place in the past. We do not know whether it has lasted, is still going on, or has ended; it just was.	Present Perfect - a specific result of the action at the present moment in time, the action not only happened but also ended. Whether it completed successfully or not will be clear from the context and the words of the markers.

Nota Bene: in order to deal with Past Simple once and for all and understand what is the difference between it and Present Perfect, do not forget to pay attention to the free online simulator from EnglishDom. There you will find not only an explanation of the grammatical nuances of using these two tenses, but you will also be able to consolidate the studied material in practice.

Conclusion

So we figured out what this strange time is “ Past Indefinite ”, and also talked about the differences between “ Past Simple” and “ Present perfect". Feel free to use this time in English speech and share your memories and impressions with friends and colleagues!

We offer you to get acquainted with other tenses of the English language

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Speaking in any language, it is impossible to be understood as much as possible without knowing the rules for the formation of temporary forms. English for this case has a wide variety of options for self-expression. However, the main time group is the so-called “simple tense group” or simple tenses, which logically divides time intervals into past, present and future. Today we will focus on the Past Simple tense (pronounced as [paste simpl]) or the simple past tense in English and analyze how it is formed, as well as examples of use.

The Past simple tense or simple past tense (also known as the Past Indefinite Tense or past indefinite tense) is a tense that is used to express states or actions that took place in the past. The so-called simplicity of this time lies in the fact that when using it, do not focus on the duration, completeness, sequence of one event in relation to another.

The action just happened in the past, that's a fact, period. Due to the fact that people are constantly striving to simplify the language, this tense form often replaces other forms of the past tense in writing, and even more often in speech, so knowledge of this particular group is necessary to explain situations and thoughts in simple level. Let's take a closer look at how, where and how this form is used in English.

The only part of speech that lends itself to change in the formation of the past tense are verbs, which are either regular or irregular.

If at first it will be difficult for you to understand whether this or that verb is correct or irregular, refer to the table of irregular verbs: if the verb is not on the list, most likely it belongs to the category of regular.

Past Simple: sentence forms

Having dealt with the types of past tense verbs and how they are formed, you need to learn how to build sentences with them grammatically correctly.

1. The affirmative form of Past Simple does not need the use of auxiliary verbs. To construct a sentence in the affirmative form, it is enough to use the verb in the past tense.

In simple words, it is enough to take affirmative sentence in the present tense and replace the verb in it with the past tense.

1. negative the form Past Indefinite Tense is formed using the auxiliary verb did and the negative particle not (informally didn't), which is placed after the subject. An auxiliary verb with a particle is followed by main verb in infinitive. This means that memorized irregular verbs and the ending -ed in negative sentences will not be useful to us.

	Sobject (Subject)	Auxiliary verb +not	Verbs (Verb)	Object (An object)
present simple (Present)	She	does not (doesn't)	love	him.
past simple (Past tense)	She	did not (didn't)	love	him.

1. The interrogative form is also formed using the auxiliary verb did. It comes first in the sentence, followed by the subject and the main semantic verb in infinitive.

For a short positive answer, it is enough to use auxiliary verbs; for a short negative answer, the particle not is needed. If the answer is negative, the auxiliary verb with the particle must be written together (didn't). The full answer will sound in the affirmative or negative form.

For the formation of special questions, the scheme remains practically unchanged. A question word is added to it only at the very beginning. Question words can be anything, here are some of them: what - what, why - why, how - how, which - which, where - where, when - when.

	? word	Auxiliary verb	Sobject (Subject)	Verbs (Verb)	Object (An object)
present simple (Present)	Why	do	you	like like	reading?
past simple (Past tense)	did	you	like liked	reading?

An exception is the interrogative word who (who), sentences with which do not require an auxiliary verb. This is where your knowledge of regular and irregular verbs will be needed.

On special questions it is impossible to answer with a simple "yes" or "no", so the answers to them sound in full affirmative or negative form.

Past Simple - use

The simple past tense is very common in English. For correct application in practice, consider all cases of using Past Simple:

1. To express single actions / states or actions in the past, taken as a fact. Speech in such sentences can go, as well as about ordinary everyday situations, and about historical events. Often such sentences contain special indicator words expressed:

• circumstance of time, these include: yesterday - yesterday, the day before yesterday - the day before yesterday, last night - last night, last week / month - last week / last month, in 1999 - in 1999, then - then;
• adverb ago, for example: 5 years ago - five years ago;
• question words when and how.

Examples:

Agatha Christie wrote detective novels. (Agatha Christie wrote detective novels.)	fact
Bruce graduated from the university 3 years ago. (Bruce graduated from university 3 years ago.)
We talked to him about the upcoming performance. (We talked to him about the upcoming performance.)	single action
Steven Spielberg was born in 1946. (Steven Spielberg was born in 1946.)	fact with specific year
She called you 5 minutes ago. (She called you 5 minutes ago.)	single action, presence of adverb ago
The Great Patriotic War began on June 22, 1941.	historical fact
I was excited to take part in the contest yesterday. (I was glad to enter the contest yesterday.)	state with time circumstance
I didn't like your hairstyle then. (Then I didn't like your hairstyle.)	action in the past with adverbial tense (I didn't like it before, but now I like it)
Jane drew portraits in the childhood. (As a child, Jane painted portraits.)	action in the past (I used to draw, now I don't)
He visited us 2 weeks ago. (He visited us 2 weeks ago.)	single action, presence of adverb ago
When did you meet each other? (When did you meet each other?)	question about the past the question word when is used

1. To express habits or actions that were constantly / often repeated in the past, but are not repeated now. Words-indicators in this case are expressed:

• adverbs everyday - every day, always - always, often - often, sometimes - sometimes, each time - every time;
• the expression used + the verb in the infinitive, which translates as "before".

He always wore black jackets. (He always wore black jackets.)	used to wear, now not wearing
I didn't use to brush my teeth twice a day. (I used to not brush my teeth twice a day.)	I didn't clean before, now I do.
Dad used to smoke up to 10 cigarettes a day. ((Before) Father smoked up to 10 cigarettes a day.)	was a habit, now it's gone
Donald Trump used to host The Apprentice. (Donald Trump hosted The Apprentice.)	led, but now no longer leads
Mike used to watch The Big Bang Theory. (Mike used to watch The Big Bang Theory.)	watched but stopped now
They took Chinese classes every day. (They studied Chinese every day.)	no longer doing

1. When there is a story or a listing of events that happened one after another in the past.

1. IN subordinate clauses time to express the completion of an action. Some indicator words for this case:

• as soon as - as soon as, once - as soon as, before - before, untill - until / until, after - after, when - when.

1. When using indirect speech, if the verb in the main clause is used in Past Simple.

1. To characterize the subject in the past.

1. To report the details of any news. To report the news itself, the Present Perfect tense (present perfect) should be used, and sentences in Past S should be used to describe. However, if you are afraid to confuse the times, you can use the simple past tense everywhere in such situations.

1. Past Simple is also used to form a second type conditional (Second Conditional), which is used to express events in the present or future tenses, the likelihood of which is very small or completely unrealistic. The Russian equivalent of the second type of conditional sentences may sound like “if yes, if only”. A similar sentence is built using the union if (if). Table with education formulas:

Usage examples:

If I had a million dollars, I would have found a charitable foundation. (If I had a million dollars, I would start a charitable foundation.)	Unreal situation. I don’t have any money now, I can’t establish a fund.
If I were you, I would not do this. (If I were you, I wouldn't do it.)	Unreal situation. I cannot switch bodies with another person or act for him.
We would go swimming if the weather were fine. (If the weather were good, we would go swimming.)	The weather is bad, the likelihood that we can go swimming is very small.
If I had children, I would spend with them all day long. (If I had children, I would spend the whole day with them.)	But I don't have children, so this situation is impossible at the moment.

Pay attention to two nuances:

• If the sentence begins with the clause “if”, then a comma is placed at the junction with the second part so that the sentences do not merge and are easier to read;
• In a conditional sentence, the verb to be in the past tense is usually used only in the plural (were), even with the singular pronouns I, he, she, it. The form were in such sentences is subjunctive. Although in everyday speech it is possible to replace the was form for the singular, when passing tests, choosing in favor of was would be considered a mistake.

1. The Past Simple tense is also used with the construction I wish, which is equivalent to the Russian “It’s a pity that it’s not”. Usually such a construction is used to express the desire for some action to happen or happen differently. As in the case above, this design also consists of two parts. Table with education formula:

Usage examples:

Pay attention to the features to understand how such proposals are built:

• If we translate the construction in the form of “sorry not”, negative verbs turn into affirmative ones and vice versa;
• As in the formation of a conditional sentence of the second type, the verb to be is used only in the form were, although in colloquial speech deviations from the rule are possible.

1. Past Simple is used with another construction that can often be found in colloquial language - it is (it's) time, which translates as "it's time to". Table with education formulas:

Usage examples:

These were all cases of using the Past Simple (Past Indefinite) or the simple past tense. They won't be too difficult, especially if you understand the grammar, learn the irregular verbs, and practice using the Past Simple Tense in different situations based on the examples above.

Today we will analyze Past Simple - the simple past tense in English.
All you need to know about it is:

1. When the Past Simple is used.
2. How a simple sentence is formed.
3. How interrogative and negative sentences are formed.
4. Nuance with verbs.
At the end of the article you will find examples of sentences in Past Simple.
Practice the simple past tense

Very concise and understandable language about Past Simple

To say:

I have worked,
You have worked,
He have worked,
She worked
It worked,
They worked
You worked
We worked - the ending is attached to the verb - ed -

I / You / He/ She/ It / They / We worked.

I helped my mom. I helped my mother.
You helped your mom. You helped your mom.
He hepled his mom. He helped his mother.
She helped her mom. She helped her mother.

It helped my mom. It helped my mother.
They helped their mom. They helped their mother.
We helped our mom. We helped mom.

NUANCE:

Not all English verbs have the ending - ed - in the past tense.
Some verbs in the past tense are written and pronounced completely differently, without the ending - ed -
Such verbs are called Irregular and must be memorized.

The verb - to eat - in the present tense: eat - [it].
The verb - to eat - in the simple past tense: ate - [ate].

I eat ice cream. I eat ice cream.
I ate ice-cream. I ate ice cream.

If you are just starting to learn a language, I strongly advise you to memorize irregular verbs in portions. Not all 200 pieces at once, but by levels. I have prepared

Negative sentences in Past Simple

To say:

I Did not work,
You Did not work,
He Did not work,
She Did not work,
It did NOT work
They did NOT work
You did NOT work
We DID NOT work - put did not before the verb.

I / You / He / She / It / They / We did not work.

Did not = didn't is a shortened form.

I didn't help my mom. I didn't help my mother.
You didn't help your mom. You didn't help your mother.
He didn't help his mom. He didn't help his mother.
She didn't help her mom. She didn't help her mother.

It didn't help my mom. It didn't help my mother.
They didn't help their mom. They didn't help their mother.
We didn't help our mom. We didn't help mom.

Interrogative sentences in Past Simple

To ask:

I have worked?
You have worked?
He have worked?
She worked?
It did it work?
They worked?
We worked? - at the beginning of the sentence we put - did - and the verb is used in a simple form.

Did I / You / He / She / It / They / We work?

Did I help my mom? Did I help my mother?
Did you help your mom? Did you help mom?
Did he help his mom? Did he help his mother?
Did she help her mom? Did she help her mother?

Did it help my mom? Did it help mom?
Did they help their mom? Did they help mom?
Did we help our mom? Did we help mom?

If you need to start a sentence with question words

When did you work?
Where did you work?
With whom did you work?
What did you do today? etc. , then first we put the question word, then - did - and then the verb in a simple form.

When did you work? When did you work?
Where did you work? Where did you work?
Who did you work with? Who did you work with?
What did you do today? What did you do today?

Examples of Past Simple with Regular Verbs

1. I learned English. I studied English.
2. He played football. He played football.
3. We washed our hands. We washed our hands.
4. They cleaned my room. They cleaned my room.
5. She cooked spaghetti. She cooked spaghetti.

6. We baked a cake. We baked a cake.
7. I brushed my hair. I combed my hair.
9. He fixed his bike. He fixed his bike.
10. She dried her hair. She washed her hair.

Examples of Past Simple with Irregular Verbs

1. I read a book. I read a book.
2. I drew a picture. I drew a picture.
3. I wrote a message. I wrote a letter.
4. I took a nap. I dozed.
5. I rode my bike. I rode a bike.

6. I swam. I swam.
7. I ate ice-cream. I ate ice cream.
8. I drank water. I drank water.
9. I went to the movies. I went to cinema.
10. I read an article. I read the article. 4. My mom didn't read that book. My mom didn't read this book.
5. We didn't have a car. We didn't have a car.

This is one of the most commonly used tenses in English. His second name is Indefinite (indefinite). Past Simple describes events, facts and incidents that happened in the past.

The simple past refers to a group of tenses that express temporal uncertainty.

What is Past Simple used for?

• before (before);
• as soon as (as soon as);
• untill (not yet);
• after (after);
• when (when).

Examples:

• as soon as John graduated from the college, he found an appropriate work - As soon as John graduated from college, he found a suitable job.
• She was surprised when I saw her - She was surprised when I saw her.

As you can see from the examples, Past Simple is used in both parts.

Past Simple Rules

In most cases, to form the simple past, you need to add a particle "ed" To initial form verb. Irregular verbs have their own forms. There are spelling features of the spelling of verbs with the ending "ed".

Consider the basic rules for writing:

• If the verb ends in -y, and before -y, there is a consonant, then when writing -y is replaced by -i-.Example: try-tr ied ( try - tried).
• If before -y there is a vowel, then no changes occur (stay - stay ed stay-remained).
• If the verb has one closed syllable (slap clap - slapped slammed).
• Verbs consisting of several syllables (two or more) have a consonant at the end, and a short vowel in front of it, then the last consonant should be doubled (with stress falling on the last syllable). Example: (submit-submitted- surrender - surrendered).
• If the verb ends with a consonant letter L (trave l travel - travelled traveled).

Education Past Simple

When forming this tense, one should start from whether the verb is regular, or whether it belongs to the category of irregular verbs.

First, consider the rules for the formation of the simple past tense of regular verbs.

It is necessary to form the second form of the verb. It is formed by adding the ending - ed to the verb (there is a special form for irregular ones). There are no facial changes.

affirmative sentences

Consider examples of the formation of an affirmative form:

• I played - I played.
• You played
• He (she, it) played - He (she) played.
• We played - We played.
• They played - They played.

Interrogative sentences

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Past Simple with irregular verbs

• I was not a student.
• You were not a doctor.
• He was not a boy.
• It was not ahen.
• We were not happy.
• They were not upset.

Interrogative form:

• Was I a student?
• Were you a doctor?
• Was he an engineer?
• Were you happy?
• Were they upset?

There are abbreviations for negative formsto be:

• Wasn't
• Weren't

Past simple exercises with answers

• Exercise 1

Open the brackets in the sentence in the correct form:

1. John (to visit) his grandparents last Saturday.
2. She (to cook) a tasty breakfast yesterday.
3. Beth (to go) to sleep at 11 p.m.
4. What (he\to do) last Monday?
5. Alice (to stay) in her mothers' flat the day before yesterday?
6. The performance of the song (to be) very good, we really (to enjoy) it.
7. My father usually (to take) a bus to the job.
8. I (not/to/speak) Italian five years ago.

• Exercise 2

Choose the correct form of the verb to be:

1. Chef (to be) angry because she (to be) late.
2. Their family (to live) on the fifth floor and they (to be) very friendly.
3. (To be) Alexander a clerk?
4. It (to be) cold enough to sit on the bench outside.
5. (To be) the supper tasty?
6. Tom (to be) at the bathroom when I (to call) him.
7. We (to be) so busy at work.
8. My parents (to be) upset because I (to fail) my exams last week/

• Exercise 3

Expand the brackets into the correct form:

1. We (to see) how she (to go out) of the supermarket.
2. My grandfather (to work) in this corporation when he (to be) 25.
3. He (to become) King of England in 1899.
4. The prank was funny but no one (to laugh).
5. What exactly (they/to watch)?
6. She (to take) children home yesterday at six o'clock.
7. He (not/to/add) salt in the soup. It (to be) insipid.

• Exercise 4

Put the verbs in the past tense, remembering the presence of regular and irregular verbs:

• 1 begin_____________
• change __________
• cycle __________
• hear___________
• practice___________
• _____________
• like __________
• broadcast __________
• shout __________
• seek __________

• Exercise 5

In English, there are three main tense forms - present simple, past simple, future simple. These are, so to speak, three whales, the foundation on which the rest of the temporary forms are built. Each item is a separate topic, and it needs to be studied in detail. Today we will look at how the past simple is formed, give examples with translation, formulas and explanations. After reading the material, you will be able to easily understand the intricacies and features of the use of time, as well as learn how to make negative and interrogative sentences. Forward for the next portion of knowledge!

Identifier words (time markers) that form the simple past tense

To begin with, we immediately note that the formation of the past simple has its own characteristics. Recognizing time is quite easy if you are guided by the presence of identifier words in sentences, the so-called time markers, such as:

• last month (week, year),
• yesterday,
• seven days (years, months, weeks) ago,
• during holidays,
• the other day,
• in 1875 etc.

If such words and phrases are present in the sentence, then they indicate that the action was performed in the past, and has nothing in common at the moment.

For example:

• My sister went abroad 7 years ago => My sister went abroad 7 years ago. The action is done, there is a fact.

Important! The simple past tense (past indefinite) has a rather subtle parallel with the present perfect. Sometimes it is really difficult to understand the difference, you have to go out of context. In this case, the identifier words given above will come to the rescue.

Take note! The simple past tense denotes not only an action committed in the past, but also historical facts, facts from past years (centuries) and actions that are the only.

Example:

• My father bought a car last month -> My father bought a car in the past. Father bought a car last month -> means that this fact is completed and has nothing to do with the present, the only action, the action is done.

Reference: when forming sentences, do not be guided by the rules in the literal sense. You need to feel the sentence, its meaning and time, which is correct to use. For example, to translate a normal sentence He was a smart student no need to discover America and reinvent the wheel, just write He was a clever student . Time is the simple past, there are no identifying words, but the fact itself does not change from that - we use Past Simple and that's it.

Here are some more examples of sentences in the simple past tense without identifier words:

• A congress adopted the rules => Congress adopted the rules.
• The occasion was very interesting and funny => The occasion was very interesting and funny.
• That man decided to be the first in the queue => That man decided to be the first in the queue.
• An artist became famous and rich => An artist became famous and rich.
• My neighbors dressed all that miserable people => My neighbors dressed all those miserable people.

On a note! Past simple form it is appropriate to use it when we are talking about long-standing habits, actions that were repeated many times, that is, they were regular, but! now are not relevant, that is, they are no longer being committed. Important! In such sentences, most often you will see the presence of such words as sometimes, every day, at first, always :

• Children went to school every day => Children went to school every day (but don't go now).
• I always showed him the right way but he always went in the wrong direction => I always showed him the right way, but he always went in the wrong direction.
• Sometimes I bought that magazines => Sometimes I bought those magazines.