When the future perfect is used. Future Perfect - will it happen or not? How sentences are constructed in the future perfect continuous tense

This article is dedicated to those who have reached a certain time Future Perfect is rarely used, but adds zest to the speaker's speech and makes it clear to the interlocutor that his knowledge of English grammar is simply excellent. This grammatical tense belongs to the category of complex future tenses and is used only in certain cases. The main condition for use is the end of the action by the specified date in the future.

Using the Future Perfect

AT English grammar this aspectual-temporal form refers to perfect (perfect) times. The Future Perfect form is tense, identical and past perfect, only for the future. The Future Perfect tense speaks of any action that will begin in the future and end by a certain date. future perfect examples

Indicators of the future perfect tense are certain pointer words. As mentioned above, if we want to express the end of an action and a situation by a certain moment, we use the Future Perfect. Examples of pointers of this time:

• by (to a certain point in the future);
• by the time (by a specific time);
• by then (until that time);
• by tomorrow (until tomorrow);
• before (before), until / till (before / before).

Untill and till are used exclusively in negatives. When is also a pointer.

Future Perfect: Example Sentences and Usage

Consider the cases when this time is used.

He plans to resign from work in a year. He will have worked for 6 years for this organization by then. He plans to quit his job in a year. By then he will have been with the organization for six years.

It should be remembered that after using the unions when, before, until / until, the present tense is used, even if the situation itself in the Russian translation is described in the future tense. This is a feature of the Future perfect. Examples with translation into Russian are presented below.

She won't have stopped quarelling until we agree with her. She won't stop arguing until we agree with her.

Sam will have sold an old lorry before his mother returns from a trip to Alaska. Sam will sell the old truck before his mother returns from her trip to Alaska.

Future Perfect Education Formula

The formula for forming the future perfect tense is quite simple: subject + verb will have + verb c (if it is correct) or the third type of irregular verb.

I / You / He / She / We / They + will have + semantic verb in the third form (which carries a semantic load).

This is the general scheme of education Future perfect. Examples of constructing sentences:

• I will have redone this work by the time he arrives. I will redo this work by the time he arrives.
• Zak will have visited his granny by the end of spring. Zach will visit his grandmother before the end of spring.

Comparative analysis of Future Perfect and Future Perfect Continuous: usage examples

Often, English learners are faced with the question: what time to choose, Future Perfect or Future Perfect Continuous?

The future perfect continuous is the rarest of the language. It has one single function and is practically not used in the speech of native speakers. English and Americans usually use the future simple or continuous tense and other constructions to express future actions, with which English abounds. However, in one exceptional case, it is necessary to use the Future Perfect Continuous. Let's consider it in detail.

This aspect-temporal form describes a situation that will begin before another action in the future and will continue at this moment. With the help of this tense, emphasis is placed on the fact that the action will continue at some point.

• We will have been studying maths for 5 years next month. - We will start studying mathematics already for 5 years next month.
• By the first of April we will have been prepearing for an exam for a year. - The first of April will be the year we prepare for the exam.

It should be remembered that after by, when and some other unions, the future tense is not used. It is being replaced by the present. In the affirmative form of the perfect-long tense, to be is used in the aspect-temporal form of Future Perfect and the basic semantic verb, to which the so-called "ing" ending is added. Thus, unlike the future perfect tense, the emphasis here is on the duration of the action. Also, the second distinctive feature of a long time is that one situation occurs before another and will be completed at some time period or moment.

affirmative form The Future Perfect is formed using the auxiliary verb to have in the simple future tense (Simple Future/Future Indefinite: shall/will have (shall for 1 l singular and plural, will for all other persons singular and plural). ) and the past participle (Participle II) of the semantic verb.

shall have, will have + Participle II

I shall have written the letter. I will write a letter.
He will have written the letter. He will write a letter.

AT interrogative form auxiliary verbs shall/will are placed before the subject.

Shall I have written the letter? I will write a letter?
Will he have written the letter? Will he write a letter?

Shall I have cooked?	Shall we have cooked?
Will you have cooked?	Will you have cooked?
Will he/she/it have cooked?	Will they have cooked?

Use

Future Perfect is used:

• 1. To express an action that has already taken place and will be completed by a certain moment in the future. This specific time in the future is indicated by expressions such as: by that time - by that time, by Monday - by Monday, by the end of the month (year, week) - by the end of the month (of the year, weeks).

I shall have read this book by the end of this week. I will have read this book by the end of this week.
By the end of the year your little daughter will have broken all your cups. By the end of the year, your little daughter will have broken all your cups.
The head of the expedition thought, "By the end of the month we shall have spent all our supply of provisions. May be by that time some plane will have found us on this small island. The head of the expedition thought: “By the end of the month we will have used up the entire supply of food. Perhaps by this time some aircraft will have found us on this small island.

• 2. To express an action that will end before another action starts in the future. This other action (in a subordinate clause) is expressed through Simple Present/Present Indefinite .

I hope you will have made up your mind when I come back.
I hope you come up with some solution when I get back.

Note:

• 1. To express a completed action in the future in subordinate clauses tense and conditions after unions when - when, after - after., as soon as - once, till - before, until - until, like (not) if - if use Present Perfect instead of Future Perfect, and in main sentences Simple Future/Future Indefinite is usually used. When translating into Russian, the verbs of the main and subordinate clauses are translated by verbs in the future tense.

Not thought, "What shall I tell him when (if) he asked me about it?”
He thought: "What will I tell him when (if) he asks me about it?".

Having studied the basics of English grammar and backing them up with a decent vocabulary, you can safely begin to delve into topics that linguists refer to as Intermediate (intermediate) and Advanced (advanced) levels. So, for example, the times of the group Perfect can be attributed to such topics. Due to the fact that they have no analogues in Russian and are actively replaced by the tenses of the Simple group in English, the tenses of the perfect are often avoided without even trying to understand their meaning. However, this group is not at all complex and interesting. As proof, let's take a closer look at one of them, namely the Future Perfect time.

Future Perfect Tense or future perfect tense in English language- a tense used to express an action that will happen before a certain point in the future. Perhaps it can be safely called one of the most rarely used tenses.

• I will have completed my final exams by June. (By June, I will have completed all my final exams.)
• John will have started his project by Monday. (John will start his project by Monday.)
• We will have finished our dinner by 9 pm. (By 9 p.m. we will have finished our lunch.)

Unlike, without knowing Future Perfect, you can easily communicate with native speakers, watch movies, read books, and even work. Now the time of Future Perfect is rather used by true aesthetes of the English language, but this does not mean at all that it is not necessary to study it. If you use this time for its intended purpose, believe me, they will pay attention to it, which means they will understand that your knowledge of English deserves praise and respect.

In addition, there are certain situations in which this time will help you express yourself correctly and focus on certain moments of the future. Another no less pleasant reason is that, like any other difficult time, there are very, very few cases of using the Future Perfect. Based on the above advantages of studying the future perfect tense, we will consider the rules for the formation, forms and methods of using the Future Perfect.

Education Future Perfect should not cause you any difficulties if you are already familiar with other representatives of the Perfect group and the times of Future. Time is formed with the help of two verbs: auxiliary and semantic. The semantic role is played by the verb to have in the form of a simple future tense. In other words, the auxiliary verb will is placed before the verb have. Auxiliary verb of time Future Simple does not change in numbers and times, always remaining unchanged:

I You	will have
He She It	will have
We You They	will have

It is worth noting that earlier for the pronouns of the 1st person in the future tense, the verb shall was used. Now it is very rare to meet him in the future, and even more so in the perfect future, which is practically not used anyway. However, this form must be kept in mind to avoid misunderstandings.

To form a semantic verb, past participles (Participle II) are used, which have two forms applicable to different types verbs. Forming the past participle with regular verbs occurs by adding the ending -ed.

If you have difficulty adding an ending, study the appropriate topic.

With irregular verbs, participles are formed without following any rules. They are usually indicated in the third column of the table of irregular verbs and you just need to try to remember them.

Future Perfect: sentence forms

Now let's move on to sentence forms to understand how to use formed verbs.

Affirmative sentences in Future Perfect

The affirmative form of sentences in Future Perfect Tense is built according to the standard formula: the auxiliary and semantic verbs follow the subject.

Don't forget that English verbs can be expressed in the active voice (the Active Voice) and the passive voice (the Passive Voice). In the examples above, the verbs are used in the active voice. In such sentences, the subject performs an action. However, in order to show that the subject is affected by someone else, the Passive Voice must be used.

Future Perfect Passive is formed by adding the verb to be in the third form (been) before the semantic verb:

Negative sentences in Future Perfect

In the negative future form, the negative particle not is used between will and have:

The rule is preserved for sentences with Passive Voice:

The expectations will not have been justified.

Expectations will not be met.

Both in the affirmative and in negative forms The following abbreviations are often used in speech:

	Full form	Short form
+ statement	I will have escaped. She will have managed. They will have observed.	I'll have escaped. She'll have managed. They'll have observed.
— negation	We will not have written. It will not have been noticed. You will not have decided.	We won't have written. It won't have been noticed. You won't have decided.

Interrogative sentences in Future Perfect

The interrogative form is formed based on the type of questions:

• For a general question, the word order is reversed: the auxiliary verb will comes before the subject:

Such questions need a short answer:

• Alternative questions practically do not differ from the general ones. They only have a second subject, a semantic verb, or another member of the sentence to provide a choice, which is connected to the first word with the union or. Formula for clarity:

This question requires a complete answer:

We will have to come.	We'll come.
They will have to come.	They will come.
Neither we nor they will have come.	Neither we nor they will come.
Both we and they will come.	Both we and they will come.

• In special questions, the form of the general question is retained, but interrogative words are added before the auxiliary verb will:

Special questions also need a detailed answer:

In such a question, the answer will contain only the auxiliary verb will have:

+	Yes, she will have.	Yes, he will write.
—	No, she won't have.	No, he won't write.

Future Perfect: Usage

Having analyzed the formation and forms of sentences of the future perfect tense, let's move on to its use in practice. The Future Perfect is used in the following situations:

1. When it is necessary to express a future action that will occur up to a certain point in the future. As a rule, in such constructions there are certain pointers by which you can navigate. These include the preposition by (for some time) and its derivatives: by tomorrow (tomorrow), by Friday (to Friday), by spring (to spring), by the end of the day / week / month / year (by the end of the day / week / month / year), by 2020 (by 2020), by then / by that time (by that time). They are used as time markers, indicating by what time period an action needs to be taken. Consider examples:

Often in such sentences there may be a preposition-pointer at (at) with time:

I will have been in France at 7 o'clock in the morning.	I will be in France at 7 o'clock in the morning.
Theo will have finished work at 5 p.m.	Theo will finish work at 5 pm.

Although this preposition is translated differently, it implies the same thing as the preposition by: by such and such a time the action will be completed.

1. The future perfect can also be used in conditional and tense clauses, where the main clause is used in the Future Perfect tense and the subordinate clause in the Present Simple. Do not confuse the order by replacing Future Perfect Simple time otherwise the sentence will be invalid.
   Such sentences are used to show that the action in the main clause has already ended by the time the action in the subordinate clause takes place. The input of the subordinate clause is carried out by temporary markers: before (before), when (when), until / till (until). The last pair is usually used in negative sentences.

1. Sometimes the Future Perfect can be used without pointers if its choice is explained by the context. In such cases, a certain moment in the future is indicated before the sentence in the Future Perfect Tense:

1. The Future Perfect tense is also used when future actions continue beyond a certain point. In such constructions, for is found in the meaning of “during”, and with the translation into Russian, such sentences often have the adverb “already”:

In this case, try not to confuse Future Perfect and Future Continuous. The Future Continuous is used to convey a continuous action at a certain moment in the future. Future Perfect in this construction shows that by a certain moment the action will happen and will continue. Compare:

1. In addition to the above cases, Future Perfect can also act as the past tense, replacing the construction must + Perfect Infinitive. This usage is acceptable when you need to make assumptions about the past. The Russian analogue of such a construction can be sentences with the words “should”, “maybe”, “probably”.

You can talk about times for a long time, but Future Perfect is not the case. As you can see, with this time everything is quite simple. In fact, it is used only for two situations in the future and the past, so it will be quite easy to study and understand it. In order not to forget the nuances of this time and use it correctly, practice the language by immersing yourself in the language environment, compose your own examples and periodically return to this page.

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There are many ways to express future events in the English language, and each of them is responsible for its own, strictly limited, fiefdom. Today we will study an aspect that allows us to designate the completion of a given action by a specified future time. Expressions with this meaning are typical examples of the future perfect, often found both in texts and in English speech. Let's get acquainted with their construction, usage situations and the contexts they convey. The form of this time is not at all complicated, but very useful for enriching speech.

English grammar allows you to use the future perfect in both active and passive predicates. Let us consider separately how these types differ and how the schemes for their construction look in sentences of various types.

Active voice

If it is necessary to express the action of the subject in an affirmative form, then to compose the predicate, you will need to take three elements: the founder verb of the future tense will, the auxiliary have and the participle of the past (participle II). According to the meaning of the aspect, the translation into Russian will be carried out by perfective verbs.

• Our workers (1) will (2) have (3) finished (4) excavations by the next Friday Our workers will have completed the excavation by next Friday.

The construction will be the same for all numbers and types of nouns and pronouns, which is proved by the examples of sentences below.

• She will have cooked the chicken by 7 o'clock -She iscookchickento 7hours.
• I will have watched the film before the guests comeII will inspectmoviebeforeTogo,howwill comeguests.

Do not forget that when using clauses in the future tense, their predicate cannot take the form with will, therefore it is always expressed in one of the forms of the present.

When creating questions, the perfect future aspect is no different from other future tenses and also moves will to the beginning of the phrase. If the offer contains special question, then he takes the first place, and will follows him.

• Will you have learned the unit by the evening? -Youlearnthistopictoevening?
• When will he have written his book? -Whenhewill writemya book?

Expressions of negative shades are also built according to the rule already known to us: will + not, for the first person it is rare to use shall + not. Both in writing and in colloquial speech, abbreviations of the form won't / shan't are often used.

• Weshallnothaveopenedtheshopuntilwe lay out the goods We will not open the store until we have laid out the goods.
• The train won't have yet arrived by the time I finish work -Trainmorenotwill arrivetoto thattimehowIfinishwork.

And the last possible construction is interrogative sentences to negation in the future perfect. Their use can often be found in colloquial speech, in the sense of "isn't it ...?". Pay attention to the behavior of the particle not in the full and abbreviated form of the predicate.

• Will you not have yet sent the fax by Wednesday? -IsyoumorenotsendthisFaxtoenvironment?
• Won'tshehavecutherhairbeforeshegoestothebirthday? Won't she cut her hair before going to the birthday party?

Let us dwell a little on the application of this aspect, although the main purpose of the future perfect has already been outlined by the examples given in the material. In the active voice, its use is dictated by only one situation: it is necessary to express an event that will start in the future and end by the time period indicated in the expression. This period can be indicated both by a specific time moment and by the presence of a second action.

The future perfect is the future tense for productive pre-activity ahead. It denotes future events before another future, considering the past from the future - what will already happen. As an analogue of the present perfect, it seems to look back, but from the future.

The future is formed by the future be+ perfect infinitive. future negation - will/shall not/ won't / shan't before have.

I'll have finished - Ifinish

will/shall have + V3

will sb have done sth	sb will have done sth	sb won't have done sth

Pre-future values

• future results

Youwillonlyhavelearnedafewwords - You will only learn a few words

She'llhavegonetowork - She will already go to work

I'llhavefinishedthisbookbytomorrow - I will have finished this book by tomorrow

I'll have told him the news by the time you get here – KyoursparishII will tellto himnews

The match will have finished by then - Kto thattimematchalreadywill end

The film will already have started by the time we get to the cinema – Kourparishincinemashowingalreadywill begin

She will have delivered all the newspapers by 8 o'clock - Shewill smashallnewspapersto8 o'clock

• future pre-processes

We'll have lived here for 2 years in JanuaryJanuarywewe willlivehere2 years

Next year they will have been married for 25 yearsnextyeartheycelebrate25th anniversarymarriage

I will have been in London for 6 months by the time I leave – KotimedepartureII will stayinLondonalreadysix months

They will not have slept for a long time - Theyfor a long timenotfall asleep

Temporaryindication

• conjunctions/prepositions

by (then, the time…), for, before, when, until/till(negative)

She will have finished the report by tomorrow - Shewill finishreporttotomorrowafternoon

She won't have completed the report till 5 o'clock - Shewill completereportnotbefore 5

By next November, I will have received my promotion - KNovemberto meshinespromotion

Willshe have learned enough Chinese to communicate before she moves to Beijing? - She isenoughwill learncolloquialChinesebeforemovinginBeijing?

By the time I finish this course, I will have taken 10 tests – Kthe endcourseIwrite10 control

The project will have been completed before the deadline – Projectwill becompletedtoextremedeadline

When you arrive, the train will have left - Kyoursarrivaltrainalreadywill leave

I will have arrived at the office by 8 - II will comeinofficeto8 o'clock

She won't be at home at 9 o'clock - she'll have gone to work - B9 hernotwill beat home- she iswill bealreadyon thework

I don’t think I’ll have finished these exercises by 3 o’clock – I’m afraid, to menotfinishtheseexercisesto3 o'clock

They'll have had breakfast before we come - Kourparishtheyhave breakfast

He won’t have written 3 books by next year – Henotwill write3 bookstonextyear

We'll have had dinner by this time - Kto thattimewealreadylet's have dinner

Willyou have perfected your English by the time you come back from the US? - YouhonemineEnglishtoreturnfromUSA?

Where will she have gone? - BUTwhereshe isget away?

We will have broken for lunch by 12:30 - Welet's go toon thedinnerto 12:30

Jack will have finished his homework by the time his mother gets home – Jackwill finishhomeworktoparishmothers

She will have gotten ready by the time they leave the house - Sheget readytotimedeparturefromat home

Laura will have cleaned out the apartment before she gives back the key – BeforesurrenderkeyLauraclean outapartment

By the time I get home, Zoe will have cooked dinner for us two - By the time I arrive, Zoe will cook dinner for the two of us

English Joke

Two ladies in a car disputed concerning the window, and at last called the conductor as referee.

"If this window is open," one declared, "I shall catch cold, and will probably die."

"If the window is shut," the other announced, "I shall certainly suffocate." The two glared at each other.

The conductor was at a loss, but he welcomed the words of a man with a red nose who sat near. These were:

"First, open the window, conductor. That will kill one. Next, shut it. That will kill the other. Then we can have peace."