Historical puzzles in history. History of the rebus

Rebuses on the history of the fatherland (collection)

Introduction

Rebus (from Latin rebus - “with the help of things”), the representation of a word or syllable by means of an image of an object, the name of which is consonant with the represented word or syllable. Several puzzles can be combined in one drawing or as a sequence of drawings in order to make up a phrase or sentence. In literary puzzles, letters, numbers, musical notes, or specially arranged words are used to compose sentences. Compound puzzles include pictures and letters. Puzzles can convey the direct meaning of words, mainly to inform or instruct illiterate people, or deliberately hide their meaning in order to inform only the initiated, or when used as a riddle and entertainment.

In Europe, literary puzzles could often be seen on generic mottos, personal seals, monograms, bookplates, and, finally, as entertainment or riddles. In England, a well-known rebus is the IOU. Picture riddles were widely used in advertising campaigns.

Historic motheral requires deep reflection, which is complex challenge for students special (correctional) school,because their thinking “is characterized by inertia; they are bad poniesmayut the educational material reported to them. Considering this particularmentality of mentally retarded children, the teacher shouldcarefully select the facts and phenomena reported to studentsand think well about the form of your presentation; only prea lucid, clear, simple story can be accessed students.

Students of a special (correctional) schoolcarry out the "transfer" of acquired knowledge to similar facts and events. The teacher should take this feature into account and helpstudents to establish the necessary connections and relationships betweenhistorical events. In order to develop thinking, it is advisable to returnto the same fact, historical term several times.

In this collection "Puzzles on the history of the Fatherland" puzzles are proposed that may be of interest to teachers, educators of correctional schools, as well as teachers from educational schools.

Conclusion

In this collection “Puzzles on the History of the Fatherland, Grade 8”, puzzles are proposed that can be used in history lessons, as an introduction to new terms, as well as to consolidate them. Students of a special (correctional) school are not good at “transferring” acquired knowledge to similar facts and phenomena. The teacher must take into account this feature, and help students to establish the necessary connections and relationships between historical events. In order to develop thinking, it is advisable to return to the same fact, historical term several times. Therefore, the use of puzzles in the classroom contributes to the development and correction of thinking, remembering historical dates and names.

As part of the educational and methodological set "History of the Fatherland, grade 8 for schools of type VIII", this collection of tests is an integral part of the set. All tests are presented in electronic form on a disk. Students can independently use them to test and consolidate knowledge, as well as by the teacher at any stage of the lesson.

Bibliography

1. Petrova, L. V. Methods of teaching history in a special (correctional) school of the VIII type [Text] / L. V. Petrova. – M.: Vlados, 2003. – 208 p.

2. Puzanov, B.P. History of Russia: textbook. for 8 cells. special (correctional) educational institutions VIII species [Text] / B. P. Puzanov. - M.: VLADOS, 2004. - 312 p.

3. Smirnova, A. N. Correctional and educational work of a secondary school teacher: a guide for teachers and educators [Text] / A. N. Smirnova. - M.: Enlightenment, 1992. - 104 p.

Do you like to solve riddles? Then guess what it's about.

A riddle-joke in which a word or phrase is depicted in the form of drawings in combination with letters, numbers and other signs. Did you guess?

That's right, it's a puzzle. In our understanding, a rebus is a kind of riddle, where a word or even a phrase is presented in the form of pictures, symbols. It is believed that the word "rebus" itself was born from the Latin phrase "not with words, but with the help of things."

We meet in our life with puzzles often. Do you know the history of puzzles?

The history of puzzles began a very long time ago. In the 15th century in France, farcical performances were called a rebus. Later, in the 16th century, such fun was banned and a pun based on a play on words began to be called a rebus. Often it was a riddle, consisting of images of various objects, numbers or letters. And in this form, the puzzle has come down to us.

In 1783, the English artist and engraver Thomas Buick printed an unusual Bible for children in the London printing house of T. Hodgson. He retells the events of Holy Scripture in the form of rebuses. Such a Bible came to be called "hieroglyphic". In the text, some words are replaced by pictures. A few years later, in 1788, the American publisher Isaiah Thomas published a hieroglyphic Bible overseas. Such unusual hieroglyphic Bibles became very popular in late XVIII centuries, because they made it easier and more interesting to teach the Holy Scriptures to children.

The well-known author of "Alice in Wonderland" and "Through the Looking Glass" Lewis Carroll often used rebuses in his correspondence with young readers. In his letters, he often replaced some of the words with pictures or depicted letters in a mirror image. To read such mysterious letters, one needed ingenuity, which, of course, the children really liked.

In the second half of the 19th century, puzzles began to be widely used in society.

Interestingly, even during the war, puzzles were held in high esteem. During the Great Patriotic War, in 1942 the Moscow printing factory of the Moscow industrial trade publishes a collection of rebuses by A.A. Ryazanov "During Leisure Hours: Rebuses" (illustrations by I. Telyatnikov). They were intended for the adult population. In 1945, after the end of the war, a small brochure by the illustrator and illusionist Georgy Kelsievich Bedarev "Rebuses" was published.

In the post-war period, puzzles began to focus on a children's audience. Currently, puzzles are intended for both adults and children. It is difficult to find a children's magazine or a developmental manual that does not contain puzzles. Often children are given similar tasks at school and are even given the task to come up with puzzles.

Regardless of who the puzzles are intended for, the rules for guessing them are the same. In order to correctly guess the rebus, of course, you need to know these rules.

Try to solve a few puzzles, as well.

"Riddles" - Think and click on the picture. In the evening it flies to the earth, the night arrives on earth, and in the morning it flies away again. The star circled in the air a little, sat down and melted on my palm. Press the button and try again. Snowflake. Funny riddles. A colored yoke hung across the river.

Quiz Questions - King Solomon's Mines. Windows vista. Resistance to movement or change. Scales. Frog. Solve the rebus: za1ka. Matrix. Fish. Star. Planet. Space. Insect. What is the name of our galaxy? 5 weeks in a hot air balloon. Time. Nebula. Laser. What are not printers? Temperature. Animals.

""Test around the world" Grade 4" - 9. The planets of the solar system are studying: The brightest planet in the solar system, named after the goddess of beauty: 8. "Tailed" celestial bodies: Test around the world Grade 4 on the topic: " solar system". 1. Self-luminous celestial body: 6. The path of the planets around the Sun is called: 4. The smallest planet in the solar system:

"The smartest" - What is the name of the children's doctor? A subject that studies traditions and customs. What is the main holiday of the ancient Russian peasants in the summer? Local history Natural history Geography. Viper Cobra Already. Which of the following snakes is not venomous? Ushkalyag. The corners of the hut are not red, but red ... Dentist Pediatrician Surgeon. The result of the subtraction.

"Quiz around the world" - How many days in a year. How does a brown bear hibernate? Which bird lays the largest eggs. What part of the day is replaced by night. What is the name of an animal that looks like a dog. What time of year does the leaf fall occur? Quiz around the world. What is hail. What happens to a bee after it stings.

"Quiz" - Socks. The vegetable that became the protagonist of Gianni Rodari's fairy tale. PC mouse. Learning is light and ignorance is darkness. They are assembled into baskets Thick-cheeked matryoshkas. In green handkerchiefs, Sundresses with dots. What vegetable was called the second bread in the old days? Chuck - chuck. Spokes. Pumpkin. Ukrainian pastry dish stuffed with cherries or cottage cheese.

Intellectual game on the History of the Ancient World in grade 5 Own game in rebuses on the topic: "Culture of Ancient Greece."

Simakina Olga Ivanovna, teacher of history and social studies, GKOU Special correctional comprehensive school- boarding school No. 62 3-4 types, Republic of Buryatia, Ulan-Ude.
Short description: Own game on the history of the Ancient World takes place in the form of a game and is dedicated to the Culture of Ancient Greece, which is studied in the 5th grade. The game is compiled on the basis of a textbook on the history of the Ancient World Grade 5 (authors Vigasin A.A., Goder G.I., Sventsitskaya I.S.,) and additional literature. Play is one of the main activities of children. At any age she is necessary condition comprehensive development of the child and one of the main means of his upbringing and education. Intellectual games are an important and necessary element in the development of a student, Playing a game using ICT helps to increase cognitive activity and learning motivation, The material may be of interest to history teachers for verification homework, organization of iterative - summarizing lessons on this topic before conducting control works It can also be used for extracurricular activities.
Target: Instill an interest in history.
Tasks:
- to deepen knowledge about the culture of the Ancient Greek society;
- continue to form a cognitive interest in the history of Ancient Greece;
- develop the ability to solve puzzles;
- broaden the horizons of students;
- to cultivate respect for the values ​​of world culture;
- develop a sense of responsibility, the ability to work in a team.
Age category of participants: 5th grade students.
Location: educational audience.
Conduct form: puzzle game.
Preliminary preparation:
- students form teams, choose captains, choose the name of their teams;
- selection of material for the game;
- selection of poems, music;
- drawing up puzzles, presentations.
Equipment:
Computer, multimedia projector (when using a presentation), signal cards.
Handout:
Puzzles for each child.
Answer sheets.
Resources: computer presentation.

Event progress:
Leading: Good afternoon, guys and dear guests! Today we are playing our own game. The name of the game is translated into Russian as "Risk!". “There are no such provisions and there are no such insignificant cases in which wisdom could not be manifested,” said L.N. Tolstoy. The game is a competition of knowledge, ingenuity, collectivism.
Our game will be played by 2 teams. Team 1 "Prometheus" and team 2 "Sparta", we ask them to take their places at the gaming tables.
Music sounds: Sirtaki.
The jury is introduced.
Rules of the game.
The game consists of 5 rounds. 1. Round - "School in Ancient Greece", 2. Round - "Great people", 3. Round - "Art", 4. Round - "Gods of Ancient Greece", 5. Round - "Winged words". There are 5 questions for each topic. varying degrees cost - 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 points. Teams answer questions in writing.
The team that answered the question correctly and faster than the rest gets the right to choose the topic and question number first.
The time for discussion is 1 minute. After 1 minute, on a signal, the teams write down their version in the answer sheet and give it to the jury, while if the team is not sure, then the answer can not be handed over at all.
If the answer is correct, the team receives a number of points equal to the value of the question. In case of an incorrect answer, the team loses a number of points equal to the value of the question.
The game ends only when all the questions are answered. We return to the questions that were left without a correct answer at the end of the whole game. In our game, there is a clue to the questions posed in the form of a rebus. By guessing it, you will find the correct answer.

Leading:
I will read you a poem by Sergei Yesenin, and you must determine which state he dedicated it to.
Mighty Achilles smashed the strongholds of Troy.
The brilliant Patroclus, slain, was dying.
And Hector wiped his sword on the grass
And he poured blooming levkoy on the enemy.

Soybeans mournfully flew over the ashes with weeping,
And the lunar crescent broke through the network of tunics.
Tired Achilles fell to the ground,
He carried the dead man to his native chambers ...
Children's answers.

Leading: It is true that Sergei Yesenin dedicated his poem to Greece. Our game will be dedicated to the culture of Ancient Greece. After all, the culture of Ancient Greece made a significant contribution to the development of the entire world culture.

1.Round. "School in Ancient Greece".

10 points. He was strong - needed.
And there was no more strength
I have to take the boy.
To school. And besides, teach
His every manner
To be an example for all.

Answer: Teacher.

20 points. This is a writing stick, in which one end was sharp, they wrote on a wax tablet, the other was blunt, they rubbed what was written.

Answer: Style.

30 points. A private gymnastic school in ancient Greece, where boys from 12 to 16 years old were engaged.

Answer: Palaestra.

40 points. Centers for intellectual life - where there were places for sports, recreation, libraries.

Answer: Gymnasium.

50 points. What was the name of the young Athenians who reached the age of 18, finished their studies in schools and gymnasiums and went to military service.

Answer: Ephebe.

2.Round. "Great people".

10 points. Father of Medicine. He was the first to consider disease not as a punishment of the gods, but as a natural phenomenon. Nowadays, all doctors take the "Oath ..."

Answer: Hippocrates.

20 points. Ancient Greek historian, "father of history", in the words of Cicero; all ancient culture was influenced by his works.

Answer: Herodotus.

30 points. The father of philosophy awakened thoughts about truth, good and evil.

Answer: Socrates.

40 points. Great mathematician, physicist, mechanic and engineer of Ancient Greece. It is known that he was born in Syracuse, in the III century BC.

Answer: Archimedes.

50 points. Father of geography, from 235 BC - Head of the Library of Alexandria. He was the first in the world to calculate the circumference of the globe.

Answer: Eratosthenes.

3.Round. "Art".

10 points. What was the name of the "upper city". In it, in ancient Greece, there were shrines, the treasury and those who ruled the state.

Answer: Acropolis.

20 points. A special building adapted for dramatic and other performances.

Answer: Theatre.

30 points. A monument of ancient architecture, an ancient Greek temple located on the Athenian Acropolis, the main temple in ancient Athens.

Answer: Parthenon.

40 points. An ancient Greek sculptor and architect, one of the greatest artists of the High Classic period, who lived in the 5th century BC. AD

Answer: Phidias.

50 points. Sculpture of Phidias, the patroness of Athens and all of Attica.

Answer: Goddess Athena.

4.Round. "Gods of Ancient Greece".

10 points. He is a sharp shooter and plays the lyre.
Nine Muses accompany him.
In brilliance and light he appears -
Brother of Artemis, god...

Answer: Apollo.

20 points. White-faced and slender,
She was born from the foam.
Full of love and not angry
This goddess...

Answer: Aphrodite.

30 points. He will lead you astray
Or lead the way
It will make you close your eyes from fatigue.
News like lightning
Will deliver to everyone from heaven,
And his name is...

The mystery of puzzles.

Rebus (from Latin"rebus" - “with the help of things”), the representation of a word or syllable with the help of an image of an object, the name of which is consonant with the presented word or syllable. Simply put, this is a riddle in which the unraveled words or expressions in the form of drawings are combined with letters and some other signs.

Several puzzles can be combined in one drawing or as a sequence of drawings in order to make up a phrase or sentence. In literary puzzles, letters, numbers, musical notes, or specially arranged words are used to compose sentences. Compound puzzles include pictures and letters. Puzzles can convey the direct meaning of words, mainly to inform or instruct illiterate people, or deliberately hide their meaning in order to inform only the initiates, or when used as a riddle and entertainment.

An early form of the rebus is found in pictorial writing, in which abstract words that are difficult to depict were represented by images of objects whose names were pronounced in a similar way. Such puzzles are similar to the hieroglyphs of Egypt and the pictographs of early China. Images of rebuses were used to convey the names of cities on Greek and Roman coins, or to represent family names in the medieval age.

The history of puzzles :

The first puzzles appeared in France in XV century. Then it was a farcical performance on the topic of the day. In allegorical form, comedians ridiculed vices and weaknesses the mighty of the world of this, they told "about the things that are happening." Over time, the nature of the rebus has changed. A rebus began to be called a pun built on a play on words.

Around the same time, the first drawn puzzles appeared. Initially, they literally illustrated well-known phraseological turns, later more complex variants appeared.

AT XVI century, drawn puzzles become known in England, Germany, Italy, but in none of these countries have they been widely developed.

Professional artists took part in their design. The first printed collection of puzzles compiled by Etienne Tabouraud, appeared in France in 1582.

In Russia, puzzles appeared later - in the middle XIX century, the first puzzles appeared on the pages of the magazine "Illustration" in 1845. Puzzles drawn by the artist were very popular Volkov in the Niva magazine. In the future, a special magazine "Rebus" began to appear.

About the benefits of solving puzzles :

“We know a lot of serious people,” one of the magazines wrote, who gladly devote hours of leisure to solving puzzles and especially recommend this activity to young people as a distinctive gymnastics for the mind ... ". It also hones ingenuity, develops the ability to bring the work begun to the end, and contributes to the activation of people's communication.

Riddles for children have many positive aspects:

1. Contribute to the development of thinking.
2. They train intelligence, logic, intuition, ingenuity.
3. Help the child to broaden his horizons, memorize new words, objects.
4. They train visual memory, spelling Unlike the usual riddle, which uses only a verbal description in poetry or prose, rebuses combine several methods of perception at once, both verbal and visual.

Types of puzzles .

• Puzzle puzzles represent a double task: having solved the rebus, you will read the riddle, but the riddle must be solved.
• Puzzles "add and subtract" differ from regular topics that the value of the image following the minus sign is not added to the already obtained combination of words, but subtracted from it.
• Rebus jokes- This is a comic riddle in verse.
• Rebus proverbs are an encrypted proverb that needs to be unraveled and its meaning explained.
• sound puzzle- these are puzzle exercises that allow you to work out the skill of merging syllables.
• Rebus story consists of a big puzzle that you need to solve and make up a story.
• Rebus problem- This is a puzzle that you need to solve and solve the problem. It consists of several puzzles.
• Numerical puzzles- these are puzzles that improve the ability to understand and comprehend the positional principle when writing numbers in the decimal system.

Rules for solving puzzles :

• a word or sentence is divided into such parts that can be depicted in the form of a picture
• the names of all the objects shown in the figure should be read only in the nominative case;
• if the object in the picture is turned upside down, its name is read from right to left;
• if there are commas (one or more) to the left of the figure, then the first letters of the word are not read. If commas are after the figure, to the right of it, the last letters are not read;
• if a crossed-out letter is shown above the figure, it must be excluded from the name of the subject;
• if there are numbers above the figure, the letters should be read in the indicated order;
• if another letter is written next to the crossed out letter, it should be read instead of the crossed out one. Sometimes in this case an equal sign is placed between the letters;
• if part of the word is pronounced as a numeral, in the rebus it is depicted by numbers and numbers (O5 - again; 100G - haystack);
• if the drawing does not have any additional characters, only the first letter of the name of the depicted object should be taken into account;
• many parts of encrypted words are indicated by the corresponding arrangement of letters and drawings. Words that have a combination of letters on, under, over, behind, can be depicted by placing letters or objects one above the other or behind the other. The letters C and B can become prepositions. If the letter is made up of other letters, the preposition from is used when reading.

Rules for compiling puzzles :

1. The names of all the items depicted in the rebus, are read only in the nominative case and singular. Sometimes the desired object in the picture is indicated by an arrow.

2. Very often, the object depicted in the rebus may have not one, but two or more names, for example, “eye” and “eye”, “leg” and “paw”, etc. Or it may have one general and one specific name, such as "tree" and "oak", "note" and "re", etc. You need to choose the one that makes the most sense.

The ability to identify and correctly name the object depicted in the figure is one of the main difficulties in deciphering puzzles. In addition to knowing the rules, you will need ingenuity and logic.

3. Sometimes the name of any subject cannot be used in its entirety - it is necessary drop one or two letters at the beginning or end of a word. In these cases, a conventional sign is used - a comma. If a comma is to the left of the figure, then this means that the first letter must be discarded from its name, if to the right of the figure, then the last. If there are two commas, then two letters are discarded accordingly, and so on. For example, a “collar” is drawn, only “whirlpool” needs to be read, “sail” is drawn, only “steam” needs to be read.

4. If any two objects or two letters are drawn one into the other, then their names are read with adding the preposition "in". For example: "v-o-yes", or "not-v-a, or" v-o-seven":

In this and the following five examples, various readings are possible, for example, instead of"Eight" can be read "SEVEN", and instead of "water" - "DAVO" . But there are no such words! This is where you should come to the rescue. ingenuity and logic.

5. If any letter consists of another letter, then read from adding "of". For example: “from-b-a” or “vn-from-y” or “f-from-ik”:

6. If there is another letter or object behind any letter or object, then you need to read with adding "for".
For example: “Ka-za-n”, “za-ya-ts”.

7. If one figure or letter is drawn under another, then you need to read from adding "on", "above" or "under"- choose a sentence that makes sense. For example: “for-on-ri” or “under-at-shka”:

The phrase: "Tit found a horseshoe and gave it to Nastya" - can be depicted as follows:

8. If another letter is written for any letter, then they read from adding "by". For example: “by-r-t”, “by-l-e”, “by-i-s”:

9. If one letter lies next to another, leaning against it, then they read with adding "y". For example: "L-u-k", "d-u-b":

10. If in the rebus there is an image of an object drawn upside down, then its name is needed read from the end. For example, a “cat” is drawn, you need to read “current”, a “nose” is drawn, you need to read “dream”.

11. If an object is drawn, and a letter is written next to it, and then a letter is crossed out, then this means that this letter is necessary discard from received word. If there is another one above the crossed out letter, then this means that you need it replace the crossed out. Sometimes in this case an equal sign is placed between the letters. For example: "eye" read "gas", "bone" read "guest":

12. If there are numbers above the picture, for example, 4, 2, 3, 1, then this means that read first the fourth letter of the name of the object shown in the figure, then the second, followed by the third, etc., that is, the letters are read in the order indicated by the numbers. For example, a “mushroom” is drawn, we read “brig”:

13. If two numbers are shown next to the picture with arrows pointing in different directions, then the word must interchange the letters indicated by the numbers. For example, "castle" = "dab".

14. The use of an arrow going from one letter to another also serves to indicate the appropriate substitution of letters. Also, the arrow can be decoded as preposition "K". For example, “The letters AP go to FIR-tree” = “DROPS”

15. When compiling a rebus, Roman numerals can also be used. For example, "forty A" read "forty".

16. If any figure in the rebus is drawn running, sitting, lying, etc., then the corresponding verb in the third person of the present tense (runs, sits, lies, etc.) must be added to the name of this figure, for example"u-runs".

17. Very often in rebuses, individual syllables “do”, “re”, “mi”, “fa” are depicted with the corresponding notes. For example, the words written down in notes are read: “do-la”, “fa-sol”:

Since not everyone knows the notes and the position on the stave, we give their names.

Other signs are possible in rebuses: names chemical elements, all kinds of scientific terms, special characters: "@" - dog, "#" - sharp, "%" - percentage, "&" - ampersand, "()" - brackets, "~" - tilde,« :) » - emoticon, "§" - paragraph and others.

In complex puzzles, the listed techniques are most often combined.

"The red maiden sits in a dungeon, and the scythe is on the street"

puzzles is a means of increasing information culture. With self-compilation of puzzles, information search skills, creativity, and intellectual abilities develop.