Earth planet of the solar system short story. Planet Earth: unique in the entire universe

What features of the structure of our planet distinguish it from other planets in the solar system?

Our Earth is beautiful. Astronauts say that from space it looks like gem. But the main feature of the Earth, its uniqueness lies in the fact that only on it of all the planets of the solar system there is life. Why is life possible on Earth?

You already know that our planet is the third closest to the Sun. Its orbit is removed from the Sun by an average of 150 million km. The Earth accounts for a very small part of the sun's light and heat. But this amount is enough to sustain life. It is this, no more and no less, the distance from the Sun to the Earth that allows our planet not to overheat and not freeze. Remember how hot it is on Mercury and Venus and how cold it is on Mars and more distant planets, and you will see that the temperature on Earth is most favorable for life.

At the same time, the rotation of the Earth around its axis provides a change of light and darkness every 24 hours. This allows the earth's surface to warm up fairly evenly. If the Earth rotated more slowly, then it would probably be incredibly hot on one part of it, and terrible cold on the other.

Only the Earth has huge reserves of water. But this is an amazing substance. It is part of all living organisms, performing a wide variety of work. For example, being part of the blood of humans and animals, the juice of plants, water provides movement various substances on the body. The water necessary for life moves as a result of a constant cycle. Every second, millions of cubic meters of water turn into steam. Rising into the air, they form, which, together with air currents, move hundreds of kilometers, carrying life-giving moisture with them.

Our planet has, which is different from the atmosphere of other planets. The air envelope of the Earth is very important for the preservation and maintenance of life. It contains oxygen, which living creatures breathe, and carbon dioxide, which is necessary for plant nutrition. In addition, the atmosphere contains ozone, a form of oxygen. It forms a special ozone layer, which delays radiation from outer space that is dangerous for organisms. In addition, the atmosphere, like a blanket, protects the Earth from severe cooling at night. It also protects the Earth from meteorites. Most of them, getting into it, burn out.

Only the Earth has soil - the top fertile layer of the earth. The soil contains the substances necessary for the growth and development of plants. Green plants absorb minerals and water from the soil, carbon dioxide from the air and, with the participation of sunlight, form the substances necessary for life.

All these features of our planet make it possible for a wide variety of organisms, including humans, to exist on it.

  1. What features of the location and in outer space make it possible for a variety of living organisms to exist on it?
  2. What is the significance of the atmosphere of our planet for living things?
  3. What is the ozone layer? What is its role on the planet?
  4. What role does water play on the planet for living things?
  5. What is the importance of soil for life on Earth?

Earth is a unique planet. Currently, of all the planets in the solar system, life has been discovered only on it. The existence of life is facilitated by a number of features of the Earth: a certain distance from the Sun, the speed of rotation around its own axis (one revolution in 24 hours), the presence of an air shell (atmosphere) and large reserves of water, the existence of soil. Water is part of all living organisms. The air envelope of the Earth ensures the respiration of living beings and the nutrition of plants, protects the Earth from cooling and from meteorites. The ozone layer of the atmosphere delays radiation from outer space that is dangerous for organisms. The soil contains the substances necessary for the growth and development of plants.

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On planet Earth, air, water and solid shells are distinguished. The air shell is called the atmosphere, the water shell is called the hydrosphere, and the solid shell is called the lithosphere. On other planets, these shells may also exist, but usually not all three.

Not all planets have an atmosphere. The hydrosphere most likely exists only on Earth, since even if there is ice on other planets, it is still not a liquid. Not all planets also have a hard shell. The Earth, Mars, Venus, for example, have it, but Jupiter and Saturn do not have it, since these are gas planets.

But the presence of three shells is far from main reason the uniqueness of the earth. It should be noted the special composition of the air on Earth, the special temperature, non-solidity (fragmentation) and mobility of the lithosphere. The most important uniqueness of the Earth is the presence of life on it. The living shell of the earth is called biosphere.

Of course, the emergence of the biosphere is the merit of the "correct" combination of the corresponding atmosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere. However, when the biosphere appeared, it began to have a great influence on the Earth. It especially changed the atmosphere in which oxygen appeared, which is necessary for the respiration of more complex organisms.

Is it worth noting that another feature of the Earth is the emergence of man, the mind, on it? Might be worth it. But if life in space is an incredibly rare phenomenon, and perhaps the only one, then the main uniqueness of the Earth can be characterized by the presence of a biosphere on it.

On Earth in the present era there are 6 continents and 4 oceans. Once everything was wrong. Although the oceans are fewer in number than the continents, they occupy more of the surface area of ​​the Earth.

One more feature of the Earth can be singled out - this is a huge variety of its surfaces, climate, natural complexes. mountains and sea ​​depths, forests and deserts - each area on Earth has its own characteristics.

Planet characteristics:

  • Distance from the Sun: 149.6 million km
  • Planet Diameter: 12,765 km
  • Days on the planet: 23h 56min 4s*
  • Year on the planet: 365 days 6h 9m 10s*
  • t° on the surface: average for the planet +12°C (In Antarctica up to -85°C; in the Sahara desert up to +70°C)
  • Atmosphere: 77% Nitrogen; 21% oxygen; 1% water vapor and other gases
  • Satellites: Moon

* period of rotation around its own axis (in Earth days)
** orbital period around the Sun (in Earth days)

From the very beginning of the development of civilization, people were interested in the origin of the Sun, planets and stars. But most of all, the planet that is our common home, the Earth, arouses interest. Ideas about it changed along with the development of science, the very concept of stars and planets, as we understand it now, was formed only a few centuries ago, which is negligible compared to the very age of the Earth.

Presentation: planet earth

The third planet from the Sun, which has become our home, has a satellite - the Moon, and is included in the group of terrestrial planets such as Mercury, Venus and Mars. The giant planets differ significantly from them in physical properties and structure. But even such a tiny planet in comparison with them, like the Earth, has an incredible mass in terms of comprehension - 5.97x1024 kilograms. It revolves around the star in an orbit at an average distance from the Sun of 149 million kilometers, rotating around its axis, which causes the change of days and nights. And the ecliptic of the orbit itself characterizes the seasons.

Our planet plays a unique role in the solar system, because the Earth is the only planet that has life! The Earth is located in an extremely successful way. It travels in orbit at a distance of almost 150,000,000 kilometers from the Sun, which means only one thing - Earth is warm enough for water to remain in liquid form. Under the condition of hot temperatures, the water would simply evaporate, and in the cold it would turn into ice. Only on Earth is there an atmosphere in which humans and all living organisms can breathe.

History of the origin of the planet Earth

Starting from the Big Bang Theory and based on the study of radioactive elements and their isotopes, scientists have found out that the approximate age of the earth's crust is about four and a half billion years, and the age of the Sun is about five billion years. Just like the entire galaxy, the Sun was formed as a result of gravitational compression of a cloud of interstellar dust, and after the luminary, the planets included in the solar system were formed.

As for the formation of the Earth itself as a planet, its very birth and formation lasted hundreds of millions of years and took place in several phases. At the birth phase, obeying the laws of gravity, a large number of planetesimals and large cosmic bodies fell on its ever-growing surface, which subsequently constituted almost the entire modern mass of the earth. Under the influence of such a bombardment, the planet's substance was heated and then melted. Under the influence of gravity, heavy elements such as ferrum and nickel formed the core, and lighter compounds formed the earth's mantle, the crust with continents and oceans lying on its surface, and an atmosphere that was originally very different from the present.

The internal structure of the earth

Of the planets of its group, the Earth has the largest mass and therefore has the largest internal energy - gravitational and radiogenic, under the influence of which processes in the earth's crust are still ongoing, as can be seen from volcanic and tectonic activity. Although igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks have already formed, forming the outlines of landscapes, which are gradually modified under the influence of erosion.

Under the atmosphere of our planet is a solid surface called the earth's crust. It is divided into huge pieces (slabs) of solid rock, which can move and, when moving, touch and push each other. As a result of this movement, mountains and other features of the earth's surface appear.

The earth's crust is 10 to 50 kilometers thick. The crust "floats" on the liquid earth's mantle, the mass of which is 67% of the mass of the entire Earth and extends to a depth of 2890 kilometers!

The mantle is followed by the outer liquid core, which extends into the depths for another 2260 kilometers. This layer is also mobile and is capable of emitting electric currents, which create the planet's magnetic field!

At the very center of the Earth is the inner core. It is very hard and contains a lot of iron.

Atmosphere and surface of the Earth

Earth is the only one of all the planets in the solar system that has oceans - they cover more than seventy percent of its surface. Initially, water in the atmosphere in the form of steam played a large role in the formation of the planet - the greenhouse effect raised the temperature on the surface by those tens of degrees necessary for the existence of water in the liquid phase, and in combination with solar radiation gave rise to photosynthesis of living matter - organic matter.

From space, the atmosphere appears to be a blue border around the planet. This thinnest dome consists of 77% nitrogen, 20% oxygen. The rest is a mixture of various gases. The Earth's atmosphere contains much more oxygen than any other planet. Oxygen is vital for animals and plants.

This unique phenomenon can be regarded as a miracle or considered an incredible coincidence. It was the ocean that gave rise to the birth of life on the planet, and, as a result, the emergence of Homo sapiens. Surprisingly, the oceans still hold many secrets. Developing, humanity continues to explore space. Exit to earth orbit made it possible to comprehend in a new way many geoclimatic processes occurring on Earth, further study of the secrets of which is yet to be done by more than one generation of people.

Earth Satellite - Moon

The planet Earth has its only satellite - the Moon. The first to describe the properties and characteristics of the Moon was the Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei, he described the mountains, craters and plains on the surface of the Moon, and in 1651 the astronomer Giovanni Riccioli mapped the visible side of the lunar surface. In the 20th century, on February 3, 1966, the Luna-9 descent module landed on the Moon for the first time, and a few years later, on July 21, 1969, a human foot set foot on the Moon for the first time.

The moon is always turned to the planet Earth with only one of its sides. On this visible side of the Moon, flat "seas", chains of mountains and multiple craters of various sizes are visible. The other side, invisible from the Earth, has on the surface a large cluster of mountains and even more craters, and the light reflecting from the Moon, thanks to which we can see it at night in a pale lunar color, is weakly reflected rays from the Sun.

The planet Earth and its satellite the Moon are very different in many properties, while the ratio of stable oxygen isotopes for the planet Earth and its satellite the Moon is the same. Conducted radiometric studies have shown that the age of both celestial bodies is the same, approximately 4.5 billion years. These data give rise to the assumption that the Moon and the Earth originated from the same substance, which gives rise to several interesting hypotheses about the origin of the Moon: from the origin from the same protoplanetary cloud, the capture of the Moon by the Earth, and to the formation of the Moon from the collision of the Earth with a large object.

Theme description: It takes 20 minutes for a plastic bag to carry purchases from a store to a home, and it takes 400 years for nature to recycle it.

So the essay will be on the topic: On ecology and respect for nature, namely, the revision of the attitude of all people to our planet, which is one and dear to everyone.

"We need to be wiser, not more fashionable"

Our earth is a unique planet in the universe, our only home. Every person should take care of environment and do not hope for another. This, like washing your dishes, should become a habit.

The ecology of the Earth suffers more and more every day. New factories are being built, more cars are on the road, rockets and satellites are being launched. This leads to air pollution, global warming, the melting of glaciers, and ozone holes appear. Entire species of animals are dying out due to deforestation, many aquatic mammals and fish have long been endangered due to pollution of water bodies, because many car enthusiasts save on car washes and wash their iron horses in natural sources using household chemicals.

In big cities, people suffer from respiratory diseases due to poor ecology. Heaps of garbage grow outside the city limits, because bags and bottles are not recycled, but thrown away. It's little things like that that we don't think about that cause rodents to multiply and new diseases that they then bring to cities.

To protect our Earth from destruction, everyone must start with themselves. First of all, there must be careful attitude to nature, plants that give us air. It is not necessary to pollute the cities with small garbage, which is not difficult to carry to the bin, throw cigarette butts, candy papers, bottle caps along the sidewalks.

If everyone looks into himself and remembers how much harm he has caused to nature, and after that he tries to be wiser and more caring, then our "Blue Planet" will last hundreds of years longer, along with our great-grandchildren and their descendants.

Earth: Interesting Facts about our planet

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Our Earth is also known as the "Blue Planet" because it looks like a blue orb from space. This blue color is due to the waters of the oceans, which cover more than 70 percent of the planet. Earth is the only planet in our solar system that supports natural life and has water. Our planet also comes into contact with other celestial bodies, especially the Moon and the Sun. We have collected the most interesting facts about the Earth.

Third planet from the Sun

The Earth is in the third position from the Sun after Venus and Mercury. It is the fifth largest planet. Earth is one of 4 planets terrestrial group our solar system. Earth planets are made up of rocks.

Earth is the largest of all the terrestrial planets:

  • it has maximum density;
  • it has maximum weight;
  • it has a strong magnetic field;
  • Earth's rotation speed is greater than that of any other solid planet.

The structure of our planet

In accordance with physical properties The earth is divided into three layers:

  • the outer layer is called the bark;
  • the viscous substance under the crust is called the mantle;
  • The interior of the Earth is solid and is known as the core.

The two most common elements found on Earth are iron and oxygen.

The earth is made up of three types of rocks:

  • igneous rocks;
  • sedimentary rocks;
  • metamorphic rocks.

The land area of ​​the Earth is about 30% and it is divided into 7 continents. These are Asia, Africa, North America, Antarctica, Europe, South America and Australia.

The imaginary line that divides the Earth into the North and South Poles is called the equator.

The earth is divided into two hemispheres - northern and southern.

The Northern Hemisphere extends from the Equator to the North Pole, while the Southern Hemisphere extends from the Equator to the South Pole.

The Mariana Trench is the deepest place on Earth. It is located at the bottom of the Pacific Ocean.

70% of the planet consists of water. 97.5% is salt water, which is not suitable for drinking, and only 2.5% is drinking water.

Earth's atmosphere

The atmosphere is the air that covers, like a jacket, the surface of the Earth. It is made up of a series of gases that allow us and other species to live on this planet. The total height of the Earth's atmosphere is about 60,000 km. At sea level, the layers of the atmosphere are denser, and its thickness decreases with increasing altitude.

The atmosphere contains three gases that are vital to our survival:

  • carbon dioxide;
  • ozone;
  • hydrogen.

Nitrogen and oxygen are the most common gases in the atmosphere. There is 21% oxygen, and 78% nitrogen.

The atmosphere of our planet is divided into 4 layers:

  • troposphere;
  • stratosphere;
  • mesosphere;
  • thermosphere.