Disinsection
Yakovlev traitor. Alexander Yakovlev: a double agent or an honest accomplice of Western intelligence? Statements and views

Yakovlev traitor. Alexander Yakovlev: a double agent or an honest accomplice of Western intelligence? Statements and views

Member of the Communist Party from 1944 to August 1991, member and secretary of the CPSU Central Committee (1986-1990), member of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee (1987-1990). In 1995-2000 Chairman of the Russian Party of Social Democracy.

Biography

Childhood

Born December 2, 1923 in the village of Korolevo, Yaroslavl province (now the Yaroslavl district of the Yaroslavl region).

In 1938-1941 he studied at a school in the village of Krasnye Tkachi.

Participant in the war

Member of the Great Patriotic War. He served as a private in an artillery unit, as a cadet at a military rifle and machine gun school, and then as a platoon commander on the Volkhov Front as part of the 6th Marine Brigade. In August 1942 he was seriously wounded. Until February 1943 he was in the hospital, after which he was demobilized due to disability.

Education

In 1946, Yakovlev graduated from the history department of the Yaroslavl Pedagogical Institute them. K. D. Ushinsky. He worked in the Yaroslavl regional newspaper "Severny Rabochiy". In the 1950s, after moving to Moscow, he was sent to the Academy of Social Sciences under the Central Committee of the CPSU, where he studied in 1956-1959 as a graduate student at the Department of International Communist and Labor Movement. From 1958 to 1959 he trained at Columbia University (USA)

In 1960, he completed postgraduate studies at the Academy of Social Sciences under the Central Committee of the CPSU and defended his Ph.D. In 1967 he defended his doctoral dissertation on the topic: “The political science of the United States and the main foreign policy doctrines of American imperialism (a critical analysis of post-war political literature on the problems of war, peace and international relations 1945-1966)". In 1969, Yakovlev was awarded the title of professor in the department of world history.

Since 1984, Yakovlev has been a Corresponding Member (Department of Economics, specialty "World Economy and International Relations"), and since 1990 a full member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (now RAS) in the Department of World Economy and International Relations .. Honorary Doctor of Durham and Exeter Universities ( Great Britain), Soka University (Japan), was awarded the honorary Silver Medal of the University of Prague.

party work

From 1946, for two years, Yakovlev worked as an instructor in the propaganda and agitation department of the Yaroslavl regional committee of the CPSU, then - until 1950 - a member of the editorial board of the regional newspaper Severny Rabochiy. In 1950, he was appointed deputy head of the department of propaganda and agitation of the Yaroslavl regional committee of the CPSU, and the following year - head of the department of schools and universities of the same regional party committee. In 1953, Yakovlev was transferred to Moscow. From March 1953 to 1956, Yakovlev worked as an instructor in the Central Committee of the CPSU - in the department of schools; in the department of science, schools and universities. From April 1960 to 1973 he again worked in the apparatus of the Central Committee of the CPSU (in the propaganda department of the Central Committee) - alternately as an instructor, head. sector, since July 1965 - the first deputy head of the propaganda department of the Central Committee of the CPSU (the appointment was signed by Brezhnev), during the last four years served as head of this department. At the same time (from 1966 to 1973) he was a member of the editorial board of the Kommunist magazine.

He stood at the origins of the organization of the second program of the All-Union Radio - the Mayak Radio Station, which began broadcasting in 1964. In August 1968, he was sent to Prague, where, as a representative of the Central Committee, he observed the situation during the entry of troops of the Warsaw Pact countries into Czechoslovakia. Returning to Moscow a week later, in a conversation with L. I. Brezhnev, he opposed the removal of A. Dubcek.

In the late 1960s - early 1970s. advocated the development of sociology as a science in the USSR, in particular, he supported the activities of Yu. A. Levada, B. A. Grushin and T. I. Zaslavskaya.

In 1983, a member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU, secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU, M. S. Gorbachev, visited Canada, renewed his acquaintance with Yakovlev, and then insisted on his return to Moscow.

In 1984, Yakovlev was elected to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. In the summer of 1985 he became head of the propaganda department of the Central Committee of the CPSU. In 1986 he became a member of the Central Committee of the CPSU, secretary of the Central Committee, in charge of issues of ideology, information and culture, at the June (1987) plenum - a member of the Politburo, in 1989 - a people's deputy of the USSR.

Director of IMEMO

In 1982, academician Inozemtsev dies (at that time director of the Institute of World Economy and International Relations).

Yakovlev's candidacy was proposed by M. S. Gorbachev, "who became closely acquainted with him during the preparation of his visit to Canada on May 17-24, 1983." With the support of the then General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU Yu. V. Andropov, K. U. Chernenko and A. A. Gromyko, also with the assistance of P. N. Fedoseev, A. M. Aleksandrov and G. A. Arbatov appointed director of IMEMO.

From 1983 to 1985, Yakovlev served as director of IMEMO of the USSR Academy of Sciences. During this period, the institute sent a note to the Central Committee of the CPSU on the advisability of creating enterprises in the USSR with the participation of foreign capital, and to the State Planning Committee of the USSR - a note on the impending economic crisis and the deepening backwardness of the USSR from developed Western countries.

Ideologist of perestroika

Critics cite various negative assessments of Yakovlev, accusing him of betraying the "Soviet homeland", deliberately weakening and disintegrating the Soviet system and the CPSU. Former chairman of the KGB of the USSR Vladimir Kryuchkov in his book "Personal File" (1994) wrote:

Responding to accusations of “anti-patriotism,” Yakovlev, in particular, said in an interview with Novye Izvestiya on April 8, 2004, entitled “There is no need to shout about love for the Motherland”: “Patriotism does not require noise. This, if you like, is to a certain extent an intimate matter for everyone. Loving your country means seeing its shortcomings and trying to convince society not to do what should not be done. Yakovlev himself defined the period 1985-1991 as a social reformation aimed at freeing social forces for new historical creativity.

In 2001, Yakovlev, recalling his activities, admitted: “At the beginning of perestroika, we had to partially lie, hypocrite, dissemble - there was no other way. We had to - and this is the specificity of the restructuring of the totalitarian system - to break the totalitarian communist party.

In the introductory article to the Russian edition of The Black Book of Communism, Yakovlev spoke about this period:

In 2003, Yakovlev said that back in 1985 he proposed to Gorbachev a plan for changes in the country, but Gorbachev replied that it was "too early". According to Yakovlev, Gorbachev did not yet think that "it's time to put an end to the Soviet system." Yakovlev also noted that he had to overcome strong resistance from part of the party apparatus and

In the summer of 1985, Yakovlev became head of the propaganda department of the Central Committee of the CPSU. In 1986, he became secretary of the Central Committee, supervising, together with E. K. Ligachev, issues of ideology, information and culture. He advocated the comprehensive development of relations with Western countries, as well as with the countries of the Asia-Pacific region and the Middle East (in particular, with Israel).

In 1989 he was elected a people's deputy of the USSR. At the II Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR in December 1989, Yakovlev made a report on the consequences of the signing in 1939 of the Non-Aggression Treaty between the USSR and Germany ("Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact") and secret protocols to it. The congress adopted a resolution (after a second vote) recognizing for the first time the existence of secret protocols to the pact (the originals were found only in the autumn of 1992) and condemning their signing.

May 7, 1991 in the newspaper "Soviet Russia" was published an open letter "Architect at the ruins" Gennady Zyuganov, addressed to Yakovlev, which contained sharp criticism of the policy of Perestroika.

From March 1990 to January 1991 - Member of the Presidential Council of the USSR. The day after his appointment to this post, he submitted an application for resignation from the Politburo and resignation of his duties as secretary of the Central Committee. At the XXVIII Congress of the CPSU, he refused to be nominated for the post of General Secretary. After the dissolution of the Presidential Council, he was appointed senior adviser to the President of the USSR. He resigned from this post on July 29, 1991, disagreeing with Gorbachev in his vision of the prospects for the Union (Yakovlev advocated a confederation). In July 1991, together with E. A. Shevardnadze, he created the Democratic Reform Movement (DDR), an alternative to the CPSU. On August 16, 1991, he announced his withdrawal from the CPSU.

During the August putsch of 1991, he supported Russian government and B. N. Yeltsin, who opposed the coup attempt organized by V. A. Kryuchkov and other members of the State Emergency Committee. At the end of September 1991, he was appointed State Counselor for Special Assignments and a member of the Political Advisory Council under the President of the USSR. In December 1991, at the Constituent Congress of the Democratic Reform Movement (DDR), he publicly opposed the signing of the Belovezhskaya Accords.

After perestroika

After the collapse of the USSR, since January 1992, he served as vice president of the Gorbachev Foundation. At the end of 1992, he was appointed chairman of the Commission under the President Russian Federation for the rehabilitation of victims of political repression and did a great job in this direction. In 1993-1995, he also headed the Federal Service for Television and Radio Broadcasting and the Ostankino State Television and Radio Company. Since 1995, he has been Chairman of the Board of Directors of ORT. Since 1995, Chairman of the Russian Party of Social Democracy.

He called for the trial of the Bolshevik regime, sharply opposed anti-Semitism, considering it a shameful phenomenon for Russia. He was criticized by the nationalist and communist press, who accused him of Russophobia and betrayal. In February 1993, he was accused by the ex-chairman of the KGB V. A. Kryuchkov of "unauthorized contacts" with foreign intelligence, but after a special investigation conducted by the Prosecutor General's Office and the Foreign Intelligence Service, all charges were dropped.

He headed the International Foundation "Democracy" (Alexander N. Yakovlev Foundation), in which he prepared volumes of historical documents for publication, the International Mercy and Health Foundation and the Leonardo Club (Russia). In January 2004, he became a member of the "Committee-2008: Free Choice". April 28, 2005 joined the supervisory board of the public organization "Open Russia". On February 22, 2005, he signed an open letter in which he called on the international human rights community to recognize the former head and co-owner of Yukos as a political prisoner.

Funeral

Died October 18, 2005. The funeral service took place on October 21 in the building of the Russian Academy of Sciences. He was buried at the Troekurovsky cemetery in Moscow.

Bibliography

The ideology of the American "empire", M., 1967.
Pax Americana. Imperial ideology; origins, doctrines M., 1969.
From Truman to Reagan. Doctrines and realities of the nuclear age. M., 1984.

After the beginning of perestroika, Yakovlev published the books “Realism - the Land of Perestroika”, “The Torments of Reading Life”, “Foreword. collapse. Afterword”, “Bitter Cup. Bolshevism and the Reformation in Russia”, “According to the Relics and Oils”, “Comprehension”, “Krestosev”, political memoirs “The Pool of Memory. From Stolypin to Putin”, “Twilight” and dozens of articles. They contain the author's understanding of the Soviet experience, analysis of the theoretical and practical aspects of democratic reforms in Russia. Managing editor of the collection “Russia and the USA: Diplomatic Relations, 1900-1917. Documents" (1999). Under his editorship, a multi-volume edition “Russia. XX century. Documentation".

"1941" in 2 books. Series “Russia XX century. Documentation". (Under the general editorship of Yakovlev).
Publisher: Mainland, 2005 672 pages ISBN 5-85646-147-9
Alexander Yakovlev: Freedom is my religion. Collection. - M.: Vagrius, 2003. - 352 p., ill. - 1500 copies.

YAKOVLEV ALEXANDER NIKOLAEVICH

Born on December 2, 1923 in the village of Korolevo, Yaroslavl Region, into a poor peasant family. Father - Yakovlev Nikolai Alekseevich, mother - Yakovleva Agafya Mikhailovna (nee Lyapushkina). During the Great Patriotic War he fought on the Volkhov Front, where he commanded a platoon as part of the 6th Separate Marine Brigade (1941-1943), was seriously wounded. In 1943 he joined the CPSU. In 1946 he graduated from the history department of the Yaroslavl State Pedagogical Institute named after. K.D. Ushinsky. In parallel with his studies, he headed the department of military physical training. During the year he studied in Moscow at the Higher Party School under the Central Committee of the CPSU. From 1948 he worked in the newspaper Severny Rabochiy, from 1950 to 1953 he was the head of the Department of Schools and Higher educational institutions Yaroslavl regional committee of the CPSU.

From 1953 to 1956 - an instructor in the apparatus of the Central Committee of the CPSU. After the XX Congress of the CPSU, he studied at the graduate school of the Academy of Social Sciences under the Central Committee of the CPSU. In 1958–1959 Trained at Columbia University (USA). Then again at work in the Central Committee of the CPSU - instructor, head of the sector, since 1965 - deputy head of the propaganda department, from 1969 to 1973. for four years, he acted as (acting) head of the department.

In 1960 he defended his Ph.D. and in 1967 his doctoral dissertation on the historiography of US foreign policy doctrines.

In November 1972, he published an article "Against anti-historicism" in Literaturnaya Gazeta, which contained criticism of nationalism and caused a wide public outcry. In 1973 he was sent as the USSR Ambassador to Canada, where he stayed for 10 years. In 1983, Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU M.S. Gorbachev, after his trip to Canada, insisted on his return to Moscow. From 1983 to 1985 he worked as director of the Institute of World Economy and International Relations of the USSR Academy of Sciences. In 1984 he was elected to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. In the summer of 1985 he was appointed head of the propaganda department of the Central Committee of the CPSU. In 1986 he was elected a member of the Central Committee of the CPSU, secretary of the Central Committee, responsible for issues of ideology, information and culture. At the January (1987) plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU, he was elected a candidate member of the Politburo, at the June (1987) plenum - a member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU. Since September 1987 he has been a member of the Politburo Commission, and since October 1988 he has been the chairman of the Central Committee Politburo Commission for additional study of materials related to the repressions of the 1930s-1940s and early 1950s.

In March 1988, the newspaper Sovetskaya Rossiya, signed by Nina Andreeva, published a letter “I cannot compromise my principles,” which was perceived by the general public as a signal for the restoration of Stalinism. By decision of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU, Yakovlev organized the preparation of an editorial in the newspaper Pravda (published on April 5, 1988), which confirmed the course of the CPSU for perestroika.

At the XIX All-Union Party Conference (1988), a Commission was established to prepare a resolution on glasnost, headed by A.N. Yakovlev, who presented a document that consolidated the gains of perestroika in the field of freedom of speech. At the September (1988) plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU, the duties of the secretaries of the Central Committee of the CPSU were redistributed, and Yakovlev became chairman of the Commission of the Central Committee of the CPSU on international politics.

In the spring of 1989 A.N. Yakovlev was elected People's Deputy of the USSR from the CPSU. At the Second Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR in December 1989, he made a report on the consequences of the signing in 1939 of the Non-Aggression Treaty between the USSR and Germany (“Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact”) and secret protocols to it. The congress adopted a resolution recognizing the existence of secret protocols to the pact and condemning their signing.

From March 1990 to January 1991 he was a member of the Presidential Council of the USSR. The day after his appointment to this post, he submitted an application for resignation from the governing bodies of the Central Committee of the CPSU, but until the XXVIII Party Congress he continued to act as secretary of the Central Committee and a member of the Politburo.

In 1984 he was elected a corresponding member, in 1990 - a full member of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

After the dissolution of the Presidential Council, he was appointed to the post of senior adviser to the President of the USSR. Resigned from this post on July 27, 1991.

July 2, 1991, together with A.I. Volsky, N.Ya. Petrakov, G.Kh. Popov, A.A. Sobchak, I.S. Silaev, S.S. Shatalin, E.A. Shevardnadze, A.V. Rutsky, Yakovlev signed an appeal on the creation of the Democratic Reform Movement (DDR), and then entered its Political Council.

On August 15, 1991, the Central Control Commission of the CPSU recommended that Yakovlev be expelled from the ranks of the CPSU for speeches and actions aimed at splitting the party. August 16, 1991 Yakovlev announced his withdrawal from the party.

On August 20, 1991, he spoke at a rally near the building of the Moscow City Council in support of the legitimate government, against the rebellion of the State Emergency Committee. At the end of September 1991, he was appointed adviser for special assignments and a member of the Political Advisory Council under the President of the USSR.

In mid-December 1991, at the Constituent Congress of the Democratic Reform Movement, he was elected one of the co-chairs of the DDR.

At the end of December 1991, he was present at the transfer of power from the President of the USSR M.S. Gorbachev to the President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin.

From January 1992, he served as vice president of the Foundation for Socio-Economic and Political Science Research (the "Gorbachev Foundation").

At the end of 1992, he was appointed chairman of the Commission under the President of the Russian Federation for the rehabilitation of victims of political repression. The former commission under the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU, which was also headed by Yakovlev, was limited in its activities to the study of the political processes of the 1930-1950s. This time, the entire period of Soviet power. During the work of the Commission of the Politburo of the Central Committee and the Commission under the President of Russia, more than four million citizens - victims of political repressions - have been rehabilitated.

At the same time, during 1993–1995, in accordance with the decree of the President of Russia, A.N. Yakovlev headed the Federal Service for Television and Radio Broadcasting and the State Television and Radio Company Ostankino.

The titles of "architect of perestroika" and "father of glasnost" were assigned to Yakovlev. From the very beginning of perestroika, Alexander Nikolayevich became the main target of chauvinist and Stalinist forces. Former chairman of the KGB, organizer of the 1991 rebellion V.A. Kryuchkov accused him of having links with Western intelligence services. At the request of Yakovlev, this accusation was investigated by the Prosecutor General's Office, which established the groundlessness of Kryuchkov's allegations.

In addition to his work in the Commission under the President of the Russian Federation for the Rehabilitation of Victims of Political Repression, Yakovlev was the chairman of the Public Council of the Kultura newspaper, the honorary chairman of the Board of Directors of the Russian Public Television (ORT) and the co-chairman of the Russian Congress of Intelligentsia. He headed the International Foundation "Democracy" (Alexander N. Yakovlev Foundation), the International Charity and Health Foundation and the Leonardo Club (Russia).

In 1995, he organized the Russian Party of Social Democracy (RPSD).

In 1996, Mr.. made an appeal to the Russian and world community on the need for a trial of Bolshevism and the investigation of Leninist-Stalinist crimes.

Yakovlev is the author of 25 books translated into English, Chinese, Latvian, German, Spanish, French, Czech, Japanese and other languages. After the beginning of perestroika, he published such books as “Realism - the Land of Perestroika”, “The Torments of Reading Life”, “Foreword. collapse. Afterword”, “A Bitter Chalice”, “According to Relics and Oils”, “Comprehension”, “Krestosev”, memoirs “A Pool of Memory”, “Twilight”, as well as dozens of articles and hundreds of interviews. Under his editorship, a multi-volume edition “Russia. XX century. Documents”, in which previously unknown documents of Soviet history were published for the first time.

A.N. Yakovlev was a member of the Moscow Writers' Union, was awarded an honorary doctorate degree from Durham and Exeter Universities (Great Britain), Soka University (Japan), and was awarded the honorary Silver Medal of Charles University in Prague for scientific merits.

A.N. Yakovlev was awarded the orders of the October Revolution, the Red Banner, the Red Star, the Patriotic War of the 1st degree, the Friendship of Peoples, the Order of Merit for the Fatherland, the 2nd degree, three orders of the Red Banner of Labor, the Order of the Russian Orthodox Church Sergius of Radonezh 3rd class, Grand Officer's Cross of the Order of Merit (FRG), Commander's Cross of the Order of Merit for the Polish Republic, Order of Gediminas (Republic of Lithuania), Order of the Three Crosses (Republic of Latvia), Order of Terra Mariana” (Republic of Estonia), the Order of Bolivar (Venezuela), as well as many medals.

Wife - Nina Ivanovna Yakovleva (nee Smirnova), two children - Natalia and Anatoly, six granddaughters and grandchildren (Natalia, Alexandra, Peter, Sergei, Polina, Nikolai), three great-grandchildren (Anna, Ksenia, Nadezhda).

Alexander Nikolayevich Yakovlev died on October 18, 2005 in Moscow, and was buried at the Troekurovsky cemetery.

October 18 marks five years since the death of Alexander Yakovlev, a Soviet and Russian public and political figure, one of the ideologists of perestroika in the USSR.

Alexander Nikolayevich Yakovlev was born on December 2, 1923 in the village of Korolevo, Yaroslavl Region, into a poor peasant family.

He graduated from a seven-year school in his village and a secondary school in the village of Krasnye Tkachi. The end of school coincided with the beginning of the Great Patriotic War. Given his secondary education, Alexander Yakovlev was sent to the 3-month courses for commanders at the Leningrad Rifle and Machine Gun School in the city of Glazov (Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic). After graduation, Lieutenant Yakovlev was sent to the Volkhov Front.

In 1941-1943. he fought on the Volkhov front, where he commanded a platoon as part of the 6th separate marine brigade. After a serious injury, he returned home disabled.

In 1946, he graduated from the history department of the Yaroslavl State Pedagogical Institute named after. K.D. Ushinsky. In parallel with his studies, he headed the department of military physical training. Graduated from the Higher Party School under the Central Committee of the CPSU.

Since 1948, Alexander Yakovlev worked for the Severny Rabochiy newspaper.

From 1950 to 1953 he was the head of the Department of Schools and Higher Educational Institutions of the Yaroslavl Regional Committee of the CPSU.

Since 1953, Alexander Yakovlev worked in the apparatus of the Central Committee of the CPSU. From 1953 to 1956 he was an instructor in the apparatus of the Central Committee of the CPSU.

He studied at the graduate school of the Academy of Social Sciences under the Central Committee of the CPSU. In 1958-1959. he trained at Columbia University (USA), after which he continued to work at the Central Committee of the CPSU as an instructor, head of a sector, from 1965 - deputy head of the propaganda department, from 1969 to 1973 he acted as head of the department.

In 1960, he defended his Ph.D., and in 1967, his doctoral dissertation on the historiography of US foreign policy doctrines.

In November 1972, Literaturnaya Gazeta published an article by Alexander Yakovlev "Against anti-historicism", in which he criticized the ideology of the national patriots.

In 1973, he was removed from work in the party apparatus and sent as the USSR ambassador to Canada, where he worked for 10 years.

Perestroika gave Yakovlev the opportunity to return to active political activity in his homeland. In 1983, Mikhail Gorbachev, secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU, insisted on his return to Moscow.

From 1983 to 1985, Alexander Yakovlev worked as director of the Institute of World Economy and International Relations of the USSR Academy of Sciences. In 1984 he was elected to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. In the summer of 1985 he was appointed head of the propaganda department of the Central Committee of the CPSU.

In 1986 he was elected a member of the Central Committee of the CPSU, secretary of the Central Committee; responsible for issues of ideology, information and culture.

At the January (1987) plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU, Yakovlev was elected a candidate member of the Politburo, at the June (1987) plenum - a member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU. From September 1987 he was a member of the Politburo Commission, and from October 1988 - Chairman of the Commission of the Politburo of the Central Committee for additional study of materials related to the repressions of 1930-1940. and early 1950s.

In 1988, at the 19th All-Union Party Conference, a Commission was set up to prepare a resolution on glasnost, headed by Alexander Yakovlev, which presented a document that consolidated the gains of perestroika in the field of freedom of speech. At the September (1988) plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU, the duties of the secretaries of the Central Committee of the CPSU were redistributed, and Yakovlev became chairman of the Commission of the Central Committee of the CPSU on international politics.

In the spring of 1989, Yakovlev was elected a people's deputy of the USSR from the CPSU.

In 1984, Alexander Yakovlev was elected a corresponding member, in 1990 - a full member of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

After the dissolution of the Presidential Council, he was appointed to the post of senior adviser to the President of the USSR. Resigned from this post on July 27, 1991.

On July 2, 1991, together with Alexander Volsky, Nikolai Petrakov, Gavriil Popov, Anatoly Sobchak, Ivan Silaev, Stanislav Shatalin, Eduard Shevardnadze, Alexander Rutsky, Alexander Yakovlev signed an appeal on the creation of the Democratic Reform Movement (DDR), and then entered its Political Council.

On August 20, 1991, he spoke at a rally near the Moscow City Council building in support of the legitimate government, against the GKChP rebellion. At the end of September 1991, he was appointed adviser for special assignments and a member of the Political Advisory Council under the President of the USSR.

In mid-December 1991, at the Constituent Congress of the Movement for Democratic Reforms, Alexander Yakovlev was elected one of the co-chairs of the Movement.

At the end of December 1991, he was present at the transfer of power from Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev to Russian President Boris Yeltsin.
From January 1992, he served as Vice President of the Foundation for Socio-Economic and Political Research (the "Gorbachev Foundation").

At the end of 1992, Alexander Yakovlev was appointed chairman of the Commission under the President of the Russian Federation for the rehabilitation of victims of political repression.

At the same time, during 1993-1995, in accordance with the decree of the President of Russia, Yakovlev headed the Federal Service for Television and Radio Broadcasting and the Ostankino State Television and Radio Company.

He was also chairman of the Public Council of the newspaper "Culture", honorary chairman of the Board of Directors of the Public Russian Television (ORT) and co-chairman of the Congress of Russian Intelligentsia. He headed the International Fund "Democracy" (Alexander Nikolaevich Yakovlev Fund), the International Charity and Health Fund and the Leonardo Club (Russia).

In 1995, he organized the Russian Party of Social Democracy (RPSD).

Alexander Yakovlev was given the titles of "architect of perestroika" and "father of glasnost".

Yakovlev is the author of 25 books translated into many languages of the world. After the beginning of perestroika, he published the books "Realism - the Land of Perestroika", "The Torments of Reading Life", "Foreword. Collapse. Afterword", "Bitter Cup", "According to Relics and Oils", "Comprehension", "Crossing", memoirs " Pensieve of Memory", "Twilight", etc.

Under his editorship, the multi-volume edition "Russia. XX century. Documents" was published, in which previously unknown documents of Soviet history were published for the first time.

Alexander Yakovlev was a member of the Moscow Writers' Union, was an honorary doctor of Durham and Exeter Universities (Great Britain), Soka University (Japan). For scientific merits, he was awarded the honorary Silver Medal of the Charles University in Prague.

Awarded with Orders of the October Revolution, Red Banner, Red Star, Patriotic War 1st class, Friendship of Peoples, "For Services to the Fatherland" 2nd class, three Orders of the Red Banner of Labor, Order of the Russian Orthodox Church of St. Sergius of Radonezh 3rd class, Grand Officer's Cross of the Order of Merit (Germany), Commander's Cross of the Order of Merit for the Polish Republic, Order of Gediminas (Republic of Lithuania), Order of the Three Crosses (Republic of Latvia), Order of Terra Mariana (Republic of Estonia), Order of Bolivar (Venezuela), as well as many medals.

Wife - Nina Ivanovna Yakovleva (nee Smirnova), two children - Natalia and Anatoly.

Alexander Nikolayevich Yakovlev died on October 18, 2005 in Moscow, and was buried at the Troekurovsky cemetery.

The material was prepared on the basis of information from open sources

Born on December 2, 1923 in the village of Korolevo, Yaroslavl Region, into a poor peasant family. Father - Yakovlev Nikolai Alekseevich, mother - Yakovleva Agafya Mikhailovna (nee Lyapushkina). During the Great Patriotic War he fought on the Volkhov Front, where he commanded a platoon as part of the 6th Separate Marine Brigade (1941-1943), was seriously wounded. In 1943 he joined the CPSU. In 1946 he graduated from the history department of the Yaroslavl State Pedagogical Institute named after. K.D. Ushinsky. In parallel with his studies, he headed the department of military physical training. During the year he studied in Moscow at the Higher Party School under the Central Committee of the CPSU. From 1948 he worked in the newspaper Severny Rabochiy, from 1950 to 1953 he was the head of the Department of Schools and Higher Educational Institutions of the Yaroslavl Regional Committee of the CPSU.

In 1960 he defended his Ph.D. and in 1967 his doctoral dissertation on the historiography of US foreign policy doctrines.

In 1984 he was elected a corresponding member, in 1990 - a full member of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

After the dissolution of the Presidential Council, he was appointed to the post of senior adviser to the President of the USSR. Resigned from this post on July 27, 1991.

In mid-December 1991, at the Constituent Congress of the Democratic Reform Movement, he was elected one of the co-chairs of the DDR.

At the end of December 1991, he was present at the transfer of power from the President of the USSR M.S. Gorbachev to the President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin.

From January 1992, he served as vice president of the Foundation for Socio-Economic and Political Science Research (the "Gorbachev Foundation").

At the end of 1992, he was appointed chairman of the Commission under the President of the Russian Federation for the rehabilitation of victims of political repression. The former commission under the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU, which was also headed by Yakovlev, was limited in its activities to the study of the political processes of the 1930-1950s. This time, the entire period of Soviet power was subject to investigation into the circumstances and the policy of repression. During the work of the Commission of the Politburo of the Central Committee and the Commission under the President of Russia, more than four million citizens - victims of political repressions - have been rehabilitated.

In 1995, he organized the Russian Party of Social Democracy (RPSD).

In 1996, Mr.. made an appeal to the Russian and world community on the need for a trial of Bolshevism and the investigation of Leninist-Stalinist crimes.

A.N. Yakovlev was awarded the Order of the October Revolution, the Red Banner, the Red Star, the Order of the Patriotic War 1st degree, Friendship of Peoples, "For Merit to the Fatherland" 2nd degree, three Orders of the Red Banner of Labor, the Order of the Russian Orthodox Church of St. Sergius of Radonezh 3rd degree , Grand Officer's Cross of the Order of Merit (FRG), Commander's Cross of the Order of Merit for the Polish Republic, Order of Gediminas (Republic of Lithuania), Order of the Three Crosses (Republic of Latvia), Order of Terra Mariana (Republic of Estonia) , the Order of Bolivar (Venezuela), as well as many medals.