Igor Severyanin short biography and creativity. Igor Vasilyevich Severyanin Igor Severyanin and Soviet Power

My ambiguous glory

My unique talent...
I. Severyanin

Childhood of Igor Vasilyevich

In fact, Severyanin is a literary pseudonym. In 1887, Igor Vasilyevich Lotarev was born in St. Petersburg in the family of a retired staff captain, a cultured family who loved literature and music, especially opera (“I heard one Sobinov at least forty times”). Igor's mother came from a noble family of the Shenshin family. A. Fet, N. Karamzin belonged to this well-known family. The parents separated. And all subsequent years, Igor Vasilyevich lived in the Novgorod province in the Cherepovets district. The future poet lived on the estate of his father's sister.

Traveling around the native country and the beginning of creativity

Then Igor Severyanin travels all over Russia with his father. Then he goes to the Far East, where he stays for several years. And in the year nineteen hundred and four he returns to his mother. It is there that he will meet many future famous poets, writers, cultural figures. Severyanin himself will call his early editions pamphlets. The young poet sent out his poetic experiences to various editions, which regularly returned back. However, in 1905 the poem "The Death of Rurik" was published, followed by a number of separate poems.

The appearance of a pseudonym or big name

A new era began in Russian literature and poetry. Lotarev, or the future Igor Severyanin, whose biography was such that he appeared as a poet at the same time, will become truly famous much later. But it was at this time that his literary pseudonym appeared. At first it was Igor-Severyanin, that is, through a hyphen, and a little later this sign will disappear and a big name will remain.

Interesting facts about the poet's work

The first poet who welcomed the appearance of "Severyanin in poetry" was K. Fofanov (1907), the second - V. Bryusov (1911).

One of the poems, which begins like this: "Put the corkscrew into the elasticity of the cork ...", was read in Tolstoy's house in Yasnaya Polyana. It was an ordinary noble life - reading books aloud. The entire pamphlet of Severyanin caused an unusual revival, but this work made a splash. Everyone laughed at the unusual moves of the author's new poetry. But unexpectedly, Lev Nikolaevich got angry and said: "There are gallows around, murders, funerals, and they have a corkscrew in a traffic jam." Soon these words were replicated in many newspapers. So Igor Vasilyevich Severyanin gained fame. His biography and work became popular the very next morning.

The true popularity of the creator and the most famous book

But the real glory came after the publication of the book "The Thundering Cup". This was followed by other collections of poems by Severyanin - Zlatolira (1914), Pineapples in Champagne (1915) and others, which were reprinted many times. Severyanin's name was associated with a new trend in literature - futurism. In 1912, a direction of ego-futurism developed, and Severyanin was at the head of it. Then he will move away from his brothers.

The search for the creative circle

There was much that was new in Igor Vasilievich's verses. After all, it is no coincidence that he declared himself as a poet who changed the course of Russian literature and poetry. He was an innovator in the field of poetic language, was engaged in word creation, introduced many new words into Russian literature. The Severyanin was so versatile.

King of Poets

Severyanin spoke at the Polytechnic Museum, at an evening of poetry. It was February 27, 1918. Evenings were regularly held there, where poets of various schools of trends performed. Previously, posters were posted, where everyone was invited to the competition for the title of "king of poetry."
The stage was as crowded as a tram. Severyanin's manner of reading acted hypnotically on the public.
The election of the "king" was accompanied by a playful crowning with a mantle and a crown, but it is known that the poet himself took this very seriously. In May, the almanac "Poezokontsert" was published with a portrait of Igor-Severyanin on the cover indicating his new title.

From the memoirs of Gergy Ivanov - "Petersburg Winters":
"Then Severyanin was at the zenith of his fame. Triumphal trips around Russia. The huge hall of the City Duma, which did not accommodate everyone who wanted to get to his" poetry evenings ". Thousands of fans, flowers, cars, champagne. It was a real, somewhat acting, perhaps glory ".

From the memories of Vs. Rozhdestvensky about poetry evenings:

“The poet appeared on stage in a long frock coat, narrow at the waist. He kept himself straight, looked at the hall slightly from above, occasionally shaking his black curls hanging over his forehead.

Laying his hand behind his back or crossing them on his chest near a lush orchid in his buttonhole, he began in a dead voice, more and more intoned, with a special cadenza, inherent only to him, with fading, rises and a sharp break in a poetic line ...

The mournfully intoxicating melody of the half-chant half-chant powerfully and hypnotizingly captured the listeners ... "

last years of life

In 1920, Severyanov went on vacation to the Estonian seaside village of Toila, and in 1920 Estonia seceded from Russia. The poet ended up in forced exile.
He lived with Felissa Krut for 16 years. She protected him from all worldly problems. Before his death, he admitted that breaking up with her in 1935 was a tragic mistake.
And there, cut off from Russia, Igor Vasilievich Severyanin will continue to create and create a kind of epic lyrics that will reflect a person's life, suffering and ideas of happiness.
While in exile, he published collections of poems "Vervena" (1920), "Minstrel" (1921), a novel in verse "Falling rapids" and others. He published an anthology of Estonian classical poetry.
In recent years, he lived very poorly in Estonia.

"I have a blue boat,
I have a poetess wife.

He was starving. For whole days he fished from his blue boat and from the sparkling water ripples began to lose his sight.

The accession of Estonia to the Soviet Union in 1940 awakened in him hopes for the publication of his poems, the possibility of traveling around the country. Illness prevented the implementation of not only these plans, but even the departure from Estonia when the war began.
On December 22, 1941, Severyanin died in Nazi-occupied Tallinn.
A northerner once prophetically wrote: “How good, how fresh the roses will be, / Thrown into my grave by my country!”

Brief biography from the book: Russian writers and poets. Brief biographical dictionary. Moscow, 2000.

The loving Ivan Vasilyevich Lotarev sang in versification human feelings, relationships and the beauty of nature. the poet, who took the pseudonym Igor Severyanin, consists of fragments of the time of the tsarist and Soviet era. The revolutionary component, the bold ideas of the literary environment helped to form his own style of writing poetry.

Igor Severyanin: biography

The poet was born in St. Petersburg in 1887 in the family of a tradesman Vasily Petrovich Lotarev and a born noblewoman Natalia Stepanovna. Later, when the boy was 9 years old, the family broke up. The future genius of the pen was brought up in a family of relatives near Cherepovets. In the city, Igor graduated from the 4th grade of the school and moved to China to his father. Unfortunately, he soon died, a brief biography in the East ended, the young man was taken by his mother to the cultural capital - St. Petersburg. He fell in love many times in his life, but he had only one wife - Felissa Kruut. There are children from unregistered relationships: two girls and a boy. Igor Vasilievich was ill with tuberculosis. He died in the capital of Estonia in 1941 from heart failure.

Life and literary work

Poems began to come out from the pen of a talented child when he was only seven or eight years old. Igor Severyanin considers the official beginning of the biography of his work to be the works that were published in 1905 in the press for the people “Leisure and Business”. Acquaintance with Feofanov influenced the literary path of the poet. Having personally paid for the publication of 35 brochures, Severyanin planned to subsequently combine them in a collection of poems. I saw one poetic notebook, and after reading it, I criticized it.

Criticism benefited Severyanin, the entire press wrote about his works and about himself. Having created a poetic movement of egofuturism (“refined” attitude to reality), Severyanin leaves the circle, imbued with the ideas of the symbolists. At the age of 26, Igor Vasilyevich publishes the most important collection of poems in his literary biography - The Thundering Cup, which brought him fame and recognition in a short time. The verse "Pineapples in Champagne", published in a collection of poems in 1915, is often quoted to this day. Due to the change of the ruling power in the country, Severyanin left for Estonia. He continued to publish poems and novels in verse abroad. In addition to the poetic composition of words, the writer was engaged in translations.

An interesting fact of the concert life in Igor's biography was that at the first concerts in Georgia, the poetic works recited by the author in a singsong voice were perceived by the audience as a comic performance. The hall exploded with laughter when Severyanin read poetry. At the following concerts, having felt the power of the poetic word, the audience applauded and showered the creator with flowers.

Every intellectual, who often discovers something new for himself, will sooner or later want to read the poems of the Silver Age poets who tried to bring something of their own, living, natural and new into the standard and disciplined Soviet life. Each of them wanted to change this world in their own way, open a window and let in a fresh wind of inspiration. Give confidence in deeds, in feelings, relationships, etc.

Silver

One of these representatives is Igor Severyanin (his biography will be presented below). He had to work hard before becoming a "Russian intellectual baggage", as the teacher Dmitry Bykov said about him. The avant-gardists who came after the Golden Age began to boldly call for "throw Pushkin and Dostoevsky from the ship of modernity", and with them various literary movements and groups. The works of the Silver Age really excite the minds, as they mainly relate to the acute issues of love lyrics.

Many still quote favorite and popular lines from the poems of Pasternak, Mayakovsky, Akhmatova, Blok, Maldenshtam, Tsvetaeva, etc. Igor Severyanin is one of them. In his biography there are not random, very important and fateful moments, which will be discussed further. This is a true master of the pen. He was very popular not only among adults, but also among young people. However, from the articles constantly criticizing him, you can make up a whole volume. But be that as it may, at his speeches he gathered a huge crowd of grateful listeners. His famous poems are “Pineapples in champagne”, “I am a genius”, “It was by the sea”, etc.

Igor Severyanin. Biography (briefly and most importantly about the poet's family and childhood)

It is impossible to unambiguously relate to his literary heritage. In his brief biography, the most important thing is that he worked and published exclusively under a pseudonym. His real name was Lotarev. He was born in St. Petersburg on May 4, 1887. With the whole family they lived on Gorokhovaya Street at number 66, which was the central fashionable highway of the Northern capital. Igor was brought up in a cultured and very wealthy family.

His father was Vasily Petrovich Lotarev - a tradesman who rose to the highest rank - the staff captain of the railway battalion. Mother, Natalya Stepanovna Lotareva, was a distant relative of Afanasy Fet. She came from the noble family of the Shenshins.

In 1896, Igor's parents divorced and decided to go their own way. What caused their divorce remains unknown.

change

As a boy, he began to live in the estate of his father's relatives, who lived in the Cherepovets region in the village of Vladimirovka, where his father went to live after his resignation and divorce. And then Vasily Petrovich went to the city of Dalniy in Manchuria, accepting the position of a commercial agent.

In Cherepovets, Igor was able to finish only four classes of the school, and then, when he was 16 years old, he moved to his father (in 1904). He certainly wanted to see this wonderful land with his own eyes. He was inspired by the beautiful and harsh nature of the Far Eastern region, so he later took the pseudonym Severyanin, in imitation of Mamin-Sibiryak. But in the same year, before the Russo-Japanese War, his father dies, and Igor is sent back to his mother in St. Petersburg.

First successes in poetry

Igor Vasilievich from childhood showed his outstanding literary talent. He began writing his first poems at the age of 7-8. In his early youth, he was inspired by Zhenechka Gutsan, and therefore his poems were lyrical. Then the war began, and a military-patriotic note began to appear in his works. Since 1904, his poems began to be published in periodicals. This was influenced by his favorite writer Alexei Konstantinovich Tolstoy. Igor most of all wanted to get a response from the editors, but the readers did not cause much enthusiasm for the poems, so his works were returned to him.

Noting the most important thing in the biography of Igor Severyanin, one cannot fail to say that he began to publish under the pseudonyms "Count Evgraf d'Axangraf", "Needle", "Mimosa". Around the same time, he takes his final pseudonym Igor Severyanin. In 1905 he published his poem "The Death of Rurik".

In 1907, the poet met Konstantin Fofanov, who was the first to appreciate the talent of the young writer and became his mentor.

Aspiring poet

In 1909, a poetic circle began to form, thanks precisely to Igor Severyanin. By 1911, a whole creative association of ego-futurists had already appeared. It was a new trend, which was characterized by refinement of sensations, neologisms, selfishness and a cult of personality. All this they tried to put on display. But the founder of this new literary movement soon left it, found himself in symbolist circles and began to perform solo.

The appearance in Russian poetry of such a master of the pen as Severyanin was welcomed by Bryusov. And since that moment, 35 collections of poetry by the poet Severyanin have been published. One of his manuscripts, Khabanera II, thanks to the writer Ivan Nazhivin, fell into the hands of Leo Tolstoy himself, who mercilessly criticized the postmodernist Severyanin to the smithereens. But this fact did not break, but on the contrary, promoted his name, albeit in a "black" way. He became famous.

King of Poets

The magazines, which found a sensation in this, began to publish his works willingly. In 1913 he published his famous collection, which brought him fame - "The Thundering Cup". The northerner began to travel with his performances throughout the country and collected full houses. The poet had a magnificent performing gift. Boris Pasternak said about him that in the pop recitation of poetry, he could compete only with the poet Mayakovsky.

He took part in 48 combined poetry concerts and gave 87 personally. Participating in a poetry competition in Moscow, he received the title of "King of Poets". In terms of points, he outperformed his main rival, Vladimir Mayakovsky. A huge number of fans gathered in the spacious auditorium of the Polytechnic Institute, where the poets read their works. It was hot in conversations, there were even fights between fans.

Personal life

In his personal life, Igor Severyanin was not very lucky. It can be added to his biography that from his youth he loved his cousin Lisa Lotareva, who was 5 years older than him. As children, they spent the summer together in Cherepovets, played and talked a lot. But then Elizabeth was married. Igor was beside himself with grief and even almost lost consciousness at the wedding ceremony in the church.

When he was 18 years old, he met Zhenechka Gutsan. She just drove him crazy. He called her Zlata (because of her golden hair) and gave her poems every day. They were not destined to become a married couple, but from this relationship Zhenechka had a daughter, Tamara, whom the poet saw only 16 years later.

Then he will have many fleeting novels, as well as civil wives. With one of them, previously mentioned Maria Volnyanskaya - a singer of gypsy romances - he developed a long-term relationship. In 1912, the poet liked the Estonian city of Toila, which he once visited. In 1918, he transported his sick mother there, followed by his wife Maria Volnyanskaya. At first they lived there on her fees. However, in 1921 their family broke up.

The only and official

However, he soon married a Lutheran, Felissa Kruut, who converted to the Orthodox faith for his sake. She gave birth to Igor's son Bacchus, but did not endure him for a long time and in 1935 kicked him out of the house.

The northerner cheated on her constantly, and Felissa knew it. Each of his tours ended with a new passion of the poet.

His last woman was a school teacher - Vera Borisovna Korendi, who gave birth to his daughter Valeria. Later, she admitted that she wrote it down under a different name and patronymic, naming it in honor of Bryusov.

In 1940 they moved to the city of Paide, where Korendi began to work as a teacher. The state of health of the Severyanin has deteriorated greatly. Soon they moved to Tallinn. He died of a heart attack on December 20, 1941. The funeral procession was modest, the poet was interred at the Alexander Nevsky cemetery.

famous poems

Such a restless and loving was the poet Igor Severyanin. On his grave, there are still prophetic words written by him during his lifetime: “How good, how fresh the roses will be, thrown into my coffin by my country!”.

The most famous works of the poet were The Thundering Cup (1913), Zlatolira (1914), Pineapples in Champagne (1915), Collection of Poems (1915-1918), Behind the String Fence lira" (1918), "Vervain" (1920), "Minstrel. The latest poetry" (1921), "Mirrelia" (1922), "The Nightingale" (1923), "The Dew of the Orange Hour" (poem in 3 parts, 1925), "Classic Roses" (1922- 1930), “Adriatic. Lyrics (1932), Medallions (1934), Piano Leandre (Lugne) (1935).

Conclusion

Igor Severyanin left his indelible mark on poetry, like many other poets. The biography and work of the poet are studied by those who understand that the creators of the Silver Age, like the Golden Age, drew their inspiration from love for a friend, woman and Motherland. Patriotism was not alien to them. They were not indifferent to the events taking place around them, reflecting everything in their poems. Sensitivity and vulnerability predetermined their character, otherwise it is difficult to be a good poet.

Of course, the work and biography of Igor Severyanin, briefly described in this article, may not give many people a complete understanding of his true talent, so it is better to read his works yourself, since they contain echoes of his difficult life and manifestations of an amazing poetic gift.

USSR USSR

Igor Severyanin(for most of his literary activity, the author preferred writing Igor-Severyanin(doref. Igor Severyanin)); real name - Igor Vasilievich Lotarev; May 4 (16), St. Petersburg - December 20, Tallinn) - Russian poet of the Silver Age.

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  In January 1918, Igor-Severyanin left Petrograd for Estonia, where he settled in the village of Toila together with his common-law wife, Maria Volnyanskaya (Dombrovskaya). In February, fulfilling his obligations to the entrepreneur Fyodor Dolidze, Igor-Severyanin travels to Moscow, where he takes part in the "election of the king of poets", which took place on February 27, 1918 in the Large Auditorium of the Moscow Polytechnic Museum. The future Soviet literary critic Yakov Chernyak recalled:

  “In Moscow, at the end of February 1918, the election of the king of poets was scheduled. The elections were to be held at the Polytechnic Museum, in the Great Auditorium. A number of poets, announced in the poster, did not come - for example, K. Balmont. Poems of St. Petersburg poets were read by artists. Among the many speakers at this peculiar evening were Mayakovsky and Igor Severyanin. Passionate arguments, screams and whistles arose every now and then in the audience, and during the break it almost came to a fight between supporters of Severyanin and Mayakovsky. Mayakovsky read wonderfully. He read the beginning of "Clouds" and the just completed "Our March" ... Severyanin was elected king - Mayakovsky followed him in terms of the number of votes. It seems that thirty or forty votes have decided this mistake of the public.

  An enormous wreath of myrtle, borrowed from a nearby funeral home, had been delivered in advance. It was laid on the neck of a long, skinny Severyanin in a long black frock coat, who was supposed to read poetry in a wreath. The wreath hung down to the knees. He clasped his hands behind his back, stretched himself out and sang something from the Northern "classics".

  The same procedure was to be carried out with Mayakovsky, the elected Viceroy. But Mayakovsky with a sharp gesture pushed away both the wreath and the people who tried to put a wreath on him, and with an exclamation: “I won’t allow it!” He jumped onto the pulpit and, standing on the table, read the third part of The Cloud. Something unimaginable happened in the audience. Shouts, whistles, applause mixed into a continuous roar ... "

  After the elections, a special almanac “Poezoconcert. Selected Poetry for Public Reading. (M. “Enlightenment of the people”, 1918, 80 pp., 8000 copies, portrait of Igor-Severyanin on the cover). In addition to Igor-Severyanin, Maria Clark, Pyotr Larionov, Lev Nikulin, Elizaveta Panayotti, Kirill Khalafov took part in it.

  In the first days of March 1918, Igor-Severyanin returned to Estonia, which, after the conclusion of the Brest Peace, was occupied by Germany. In Toila, he gets through quarantine in Narva and a filtration camp in Tallinn. He will never get to Russia again. For him, forced emigration began.

  In exile in Estonia (1918-1941)

  Emigration was a surprise for the poet. He arrived in Toila with his civil wife Maria Vasilievna Volnyanskaya, a performer of gypsy romances, mother Natalia Stepanovna Lotareva, nanny Maria Neupokoeva (Dur-Masha), former civil wife Elena Semyonova and daughter Valeria. There is a widespread version that even before the revolution the poet bought a dacha in the town of Toila, but this is not true: in 1918 he rented half of the house that belonged to the local carpenter Mihkel Kruut.

  For some time, a large family existed at the expense of the fee for participation in the “election of the king of poets” and the earnings of M. Volnyanskaya. The poet begins his concert activity in Estonia on March 22, 1919 with a concert in Revel at the Russian Theater: Stella Arbenina, G. Rakhmatov and V. Vladimirov perform in the first part, Igor Severyanin in the second part. In total, during the years of his life in Estonia, he gave more than 40 concerts. The last public performance took place in the hall of the Brotherhood Chernogolovs on March 14 - an anniversary evening on the occasion of the 35th anniversary of literary activity.

  In 1921, the poet's marital status changed: he parted with M. Volnyanskaya and, in the Assumption Cathedral in Yuryev, married the landlord's daughter Felissa Kruut, married to Lotareva, who soon gave birth to a son, baptized by Bacchus (c 1940 Ling). For the sake of marriage, Felissa converted from Lutheranism to Orthodoxy and became the only legal wife of the poet. Until March 1935, Felissa was the poet's guardian angel, we owe it to her that the literary work of Igor-Severyanin did not die out in exile, but developed: the verse acquired clarity and classical simplicity.

  Making a choice between “a stylistic frill and a no-frills poem”, Igor-Severyanin “simplicity goes va banque” (Autobiographical novel in verse “The Bells of the Cathedral of Feelings”). Anticipating the novel in the stanzas “Royal Leander. (Lugne)", the poet declares:

  Not for fun, not for glory
  I write in Onegin stanza
  unassuming chapters
  Where the spirit of poetry is alive.

  During the years of emigration, the poet published new collections of poems: Vervena (Yuriev, 1920), Minstrel (1921), Mirrelia (Berlin, 1922), Nightingale (Berlin, 1923), Classic Roses (Belgrade, 1931), and others. He created four autobiographical novels in verse: The Dew of the Orange Hour (childhood), Falling Rapids (youth), Bells of the Cathedral of Feelings (1914 tour with Mayakovsky and Bayan), Leandra's Piano. (Lugne)" (a panorama of the artistic life of St. Petersburg). A special place is occupied by the utopia "Sunny Savage" (1924).

  Igor-Severyanin became the first major translator of Estonian poetry into Russian. He owns the first anthology of Estonian poetry in Russian "Poets of Estonia" (Yuriev, 1928), two collections of poems by Henrik Visnapu - "Amores" (Moscow, 1922) and "Field Violet" (Narva, 1939), two collections of poems by Alexis Rannit ( Aleksey Dolgoshev) - "In a Window Binding" (Tallinn, 1938) and "Via Dolorosa" (Stockholm, Northern Lights, 1940) and a collection of poems by the poetess Marie Under "Pre-blooming" (Tallinn, 1937).

  Of undoubted interest is the collection "Medallions" (Belgrade, 1934), composed of 100 sonnets - characteristics dedicated to poets, writers and composers. In each sonnet, the names of the character's works are beaten.

  Also of interest is the study “Versification Theory. Stylistics of poetics" and memoirs "My about Mayakovsky" (1940).

  During the first years of emigration, the poet actively toured Europe: Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Germany, Danzig, Czechoslovakia, Finland. In December 1930, through Riga, the poet and his wife went to Yugoslavia, where the Sovereign Commission for Russian Refugees organized a tour of the Russian cadet corps and women's institutes.

  The so-called "Don Juan list of the poet" is small, but notable for successive novels with several sisters: Evgenia Gutsan (Zlata) and Elizaveta Gutsan (Miss Lil), Elena Novikova (Madlena) and cousin Tiana (Tatyana Shenfeld), Dina G. and Zinaida G. (Raisa), Anna Vorobyova (Queen) and Valeria Vorobyova (Violett), Irina Borman and Antonina Borman, Vera Korendi (Zapolskaya) and Valeria Zapolskaya.

  The collections "The Thundering Cup", "Zlatolira", "Pineapples in Champagne", "Poezoentrakt" are full of poems dedicated to Evgenia Gutsan - the famous Zlata. They are easily recognizable by similar plots. The most famous "Her monologue":

  Can't be! you lie to me, dreams!
  You could not forget me in separation ...
  I remembered when, in a rush of anguish,
  You wanted to burn my letters ... burn them! .. you! ..

  Anna Vorobyova became the lyrical heroine of the minionette's poem "It was by the sea":

  To Elena Novikova - Madeleine, the poet was grateful for the all-Russian fame she brought. The famous poem "In Charm" is dedicated to her:

  Maybe because you're not young
  But somehow touchingly painfully youthful,
  Maybe that's why I always want
  to be with you; when, laughing slyly,
  Open your eyes wide
  And you expose your pale face to kisses,
  I feel that you are all bliss, all thunder,
  All - youth, all - passion; and feelings without a name
  They squeeze my heart with captivating longing,
  And to lose you - my fear is immeasurable ...
  And you, understanding me, in anxiety, head
  You suddenly droop nervously with your beautiful, -
  And here is another you: all - autumn, all - peace ...

  Fictionist Tatiana Krasnopolskaya (Schönfelt) is dedicated to the penetrating poem "Tiana":

  Tiana, how wild! I'm wild, Tiana,
  Put your tickets in a purple envelope
  And wait for a pompous poetic concert:
  After all, before it was so simple - the moon and the meadow.

  And suddenly - you, snow maiden, nymphaeum, liana,
  They gave me back all the moments of those years,
  When I was a timid, unknown poet,
  Dreaming of glory - without the glory of dope ...
  Tiana, it hurts! I'm in pain, Tiana!

  The poet's wife Felissa was sympathetic to the poet's touring novels with Valentina Bernikova in Yugoslavia, with Victoria Shea de Wandt in Chisinau. She endured drawn-out romances with Irina Borman and Evdokia Shtrandell. With the latter, also because she was the wife of the owner of a grocery store in Toila and the credit in the store depended on her. The poet talks about fatal passion in one of his letters to Countess Sophia Caruso, nee Stavrokova, in which we find a description of E. Strandell:

  “And I am dying of passion. No seriously. Can you imagine me being able to glow by the age of five? To one and one. At first, the wife did not really sympathize with this, but then she waved her hand, withdrew into herself, now watching with contemptuous irony from above and from a distance. The woman, however, is charming - a Petersburger, beautiful, 27 years old. And there is a husband. The personality is rather impersonal. She visits us almost every day. The wife appreciates her great and rare tact in her. She is charmingly gracious and sweet to Fel. Mich. But this "Circe" positively destroys me: closed, cold, sensual, cautious, deceitful and changeable. But the eyes, of course, Madonna ... Jealous, tormented - saturating, does not allow to be fed up. You can't even get enough of her. With her and her. Some Lamia. Here I am frankly with you. For some reason, I wanted to tell you all this. Lately I can't even write anything. The longer this extraordinary connection lasts, the more I lose my head. I marvel at myself. And where did it all come from? In the desolate wilderness! How many, it would seem, women are everywhere on the way, so no - everyone remains alien, and this Nereid attracts more and more. I even tear up the tour after two or three months, painfully drawn by her. And often - in the midst of success, when it would be possible to work and earn.

  Igor-Severyanin in regular letters to Georgy Shengeli described the state of his health. Based on the symptoms he described, Doctor of Medical Sciences Nathan Elshtein concluded that Igor-Severyanin suffered from severe tuberculosis. The phenomenon is such that at a certain stage of the disease, tuberculosis patients become extremely loving (amorous).

  School teacher Vera Borisovna Korendi (née Zapolskaya, after Korenev's husband), the poet called "a wife in conscience." According to Felissa, after the return of the poet from Chisinau, V. Korendi developed a violent activity: she bombarded the poet with letters, demanded meetings, threatened suicide. On March 7, 1935, the denouement came: a quarrel, after which Felissa kicked the poet out of the house. Living with Korendi, the poet regularly wrote letters of repentance to his wife and begged her to return. When V.Korendi found out about the existence of these letters, she wrote a letter to the Estonian literary museum with a categorical demand to seize the “false letters” and hand them over to her for destruction.

  In the summer of 1935, V. Korendi announced that her daughter, nee Valeria Porfirievna Koreneva (February 6, 1932 - June 3, 1982), was in fact the fruit of secret love with the poet, which was the final reason for the break in relations. In 1951, with the help of Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky, Secretary of the Union of Writers of the USSR, Korendi obtained a Soviet passport for her daughter in the name of Valeria Igorevna Severyanina. The tombstone on her grave does not contain a date of birth. Korendi claimed that the poet demanded to hide the date of birth: "The poet's daughter belongs to eternity!"

  The daughter of the poet Valery Igorevna Semenova (June 21, 1913 - December 6, 1976), named after Valery Bryusov, was born in St. Petersburg. After moving to Estonia in 1918, she lived for the most part in Ust-Narva and worked in Toila on the Oktober fishing collective farm. She was buried at the cemetery in Toila, probably not far from the lost grave of Elena Yakovlevna Semenova's mother. Estonian literary critic Rein Krus, based on a misunderstood oral story by Valeria Semenova, believed that her mother's surname was Zolotareva. The story was written down by the director of the local history museum in Ust-Narva Evgeny Krivosheev. A probable explanation: the surname was formed from a fragment of the phrase “married Lotarev” perceived by ear.

  Son Vakh Igorevich (August 1, 1922 - May 22, 1991) lived in Sweden since 1944, where his children, the poet's grandchildren, now live.

  Igor-Severyanin spent the last years of his life in Sarkul, a village between the mouth of the Rossoni and the coast of the Gulf of Finland. Now Sarkul is located on the territory of Russia and is notable for the fact that one of its two streets bears the name of Igor-Severyanin. The brightest event was the trip from Sarkul to Tallinn for the Nobel lecture by Ivan Bunin. The poets met on the platform of the Tapa railway station. It turned out that Bunin did not know the patronymic of a colleague by profession. We traveled to Tallinn in a dining car. Bunin offered to get off the train together, but Igor-Severyanin wished to get off his carriage. The brightest event of life in Ust-Narva is the arrival of Zlata (Eugenia Menneke) from Germany, self-confident, prosperous, wealthy and with a suitcase full of gifts. As a result, a quarrel with Vera Borisovna, who expected to meet her "first love" in the form of a wretched old woman.

  The poet spent the winter of 1940-1941 in Paide, where Korendi got a job at a school. He was constantly sick. In Ust-Narva in May there was a sharp deterioration in the condition. With the outbreak of war, Igor-Severyanin wanted to evacuate to the rear, but due to health reasons he could not do this. In October 1941, Korendi transported the poet to Tallinn, where he died on December 20 from a heart attack. Some publications erroneously indicate the date of death as December 22. The origin of the error is related to the poet's death certificate published by Rein Kruus. The certificate was issued in Estonian on December 22, 1941.

  Relatives of V. Korendi did not allow the poet to be buried in the family fence at the Alexander Nevsky cemetery. The place for the grave was found by chance twenty meters further to the right on the central alley, in the fence with the graves of Maria Shterk (d. 1903) and Maria Pnevskaya (d. 1910), who are neither his relatives nor acquaintances. Initially, a simple wooden cross was erected on the grave, but in the early 1950s, the writer Valentin Rushkis replaced the cross with a plaque with a quote from the poem "Classic Roses". In the late 1980s, a granite tombstone by sculptor Ivan Zubak was placed on the grave.

  According to the above-mentioned professor Valmar Adams, already in the 1930s it was possible to talk about the world reception of Igor-Severyanin's work. Here, for example, is how the Slavist and literary critic from Germany, Wolfgang Kazak, evaluates the work of Igor-Severyanin

  The intelligible musicality of his poems, often with rather unusual metrics, side by side with Severyanin's love for neologisms. Severyanin's bold word creation creates his style. In his neologisms there is much of his own ironic alienation, which hides the author's true emotion behind an exaggerated verbal game.

  Artworks

  • Thunder Cup. - M.: "Vulture", 1913 (only 9 editions).
  • Zlatolira. - M.: "Vulture", 1914 (only 6 editions).
  • Pineapples in champagne. - M.: "Our days", 1915 (4 editions).
  • Victoria regia. - M .: "Our days", 1915 (total 3 editions).
  • Poezoentrakt - M .: "Our days", 1915 (region: 1916); 3rd ed. - Pg., 1918.
  • Collection of Poetry, vols. 1-4, 6. - M.: V. Pashukanis, 1915-1918; 2nd ed. - Pg.: "Earth", 1918.
  • Behind the stringed fence of the lyre. Fav. poetry. - M.: V. Pashukanis, 1918.
  • Poetry concert. - M .: "Enlightenment of the people", 1918.
  • Creme de Violettes. Selected Poets. - Yuriev: "Odamees", 1919.
  • Puhajogi. - Yuriev: "Odamees", 1919.
  • Vervain. - Yuriev: "Odamees", 1920.
  • Minstrel. latest poetry. - Berlin: Ed. "Moscow", 1921.
  • Mirrelia. - Berlin: Ed. "Moscow", 1922.
  • Falling rapids. A novel in 2 parts. - Berlin: Ed. "Otto Kirchner", 1922.
  • Fairy Eiole. - Berlin: "Otto Kirchner and Co", 1922.
  • I feel the leaves fall. Music by D. Pokrass. Notes. - M., 1923. - 4 p.
  • Nightingale. - Berlin - Moscow: "On the Eve", 1923.
  • Titan tragedy. Space. Selector first. - Berlin - Moscow: "On the Eve", 1923.
  • Bells of the Cathedral of the Senses: Autobiography. novel in 2 h. - Yuriev-Tartu: V. Bergman, 1925.
  • Dew of the Orange Hour: Poem of childhood in 3 h. - Yuriev-Tartu: V. Bergman, 1925.
  • Classic roses. Poems 1922-1930, Belgrade, 1931. (Russian library; Book 33).
  • Adriatic. Lyrics. - Narva: Ed. author, 1932.
  • Medallions. - Belgrade: Ed. author, 1934.
  • Piano Leandra (Lugne). A novel in stanzas. - Bucharest: Ed. author, 1935.

  Some posthumous editions

  • Poems. - L.: Soviet writer, 1975. - 490 p.
  • Wreath to the poet (Igor-Severyanin). - Tallinn: Eesti Raamat, 1987.
  • Poems. - Tallinn: Eesti raamat, 1987.
  • Poems. - M.: Sov. Russia, 1988. - 464 p.
  • Poems. Poems. - Arkhangelsk; Vologda, 1988. - (Russian North)
  • Minstrel. - M .: Young Guard, 1989 (reprint ed. 1921).
  • Works. - Tallinn: Eesti Raamat, 1990.
  • Pineapples in champagne. M. : Consolidation. Globe, 1990.
  • Nightingale: Poetry. - M.: "Soyuzteatr" USSR STD: TOMO, 1990 (reprint ed. 1923).
  • Classic roses. Medallions. - M.: Artist. lit., 1990. - 224 p.
  • Poems and poems (1918-1941), letters to G. Shengeli. - M.: Sovremennik, 1990.
  • Pineapples in Champagne: Poetry. - M.: Book, 1991. - 143 p. (Reprint ed. 1915).
  • Creme de Violettes. - M.: Book, 1994 (reprint ed. 1919).
  • Favorites. - M. : LLP "Lyumosh", 1995. - 400 p. - ISBN 5-7717-0002-9.
  • Collected works in 5 volumes. - St. Petersburg. : Logos, 1995-1996.
  • Unanswered toast. - M.: Respublika, 1999.
  • I have been chosen as the king of poets. - M. : EKSMO-Press, 2000.
  • Poems. - M. : Ellis Luck, 2000, 2003.
  • Four books of poetry. Early books. Versification theory. - M. : Nauka, 2004. - 870 p.
  • Vintik: Notes of an engineer. - Ed. M. Petrova, 2005.
  • Lotarev Igor. Nine poems about the Russo-Japanese War. - Ed. M. Petrova. Reval, 2005.
  • Posthumous poems to one beautiful lady / Foreword by T. Alexandrova, afterword by M. Petrov. - Tallinn; Moscow, 2005.
  • Igor-Severyanin in translations. - Tallinn: M. Petrov, 2007.
  • Complete works in one volume. - M. : Alfa-Kniga, 2014.

  “Books written in the Silver Age are all Russian intellectual baggage,” said the journalist and teacher.

  And one cannot but agree with this statement, because the time that came after the “golden” gave not only the “Slap in the Face of Public Taste”, a manifesto in which Cubo-Futurists call for “throw modernity off the steamer”, but also many literary movements and groups.

  Works written in the Silver Age excite the minds of readers to this day, and poems are quoted not only by adults, but also by young people. It is worth noting the popular poet Igor Severyanin, who literally gathered a whole crowd of grateful listeners at his performances. This master of the pen is familiar from the poems “Pineapples in champagne”, “It was by the sea”, “I am a genius”, etc.

  Childhood and youth

  Igor Vasilievich Lotarev (real name of the poet) was born on May 4 (16), 1887 in the cultural capital of Russia - St. Petersburg. As a child, Igor grew up in the 66th house on Gorokhovaya Street - the central fashionable thoroughfare of the city. The future literary figure was brought up in a prosperous and wealthy family.

  His father Vasily Petrovich, a native of the Vladimir philistines, rose to the highest rank and began to command a railway battalion, and his wife Natalya Stepanovna was a distant relative of the poet and was the daughter of a nobleman Stepan Sergeevich Shenshin. But, unfortunately, as often happens, the parents of little Igor Lotarev decided to go different ways and filed for divorce in 1896. What became the stumbling block between Vasily Petrovich and Natalya Stepanovna is not known for certain.

  
  

  Then the boy lived in the estate of relatives, which was located in the village of Vladimirovka, Cherepovets district. In Cherepovets, the young man managed to finish only four classes of a real school, and then, in 1904, he moved to his father in northeast China. But in the same year, Lotarev Sr. dies, so Igor is taken back to St. Petersburg to his mother.

  Literature

  We can say that Igor Vasilyevich was born under a lucky star, because his literary talent began to manifest itself from childhood. When Severyanin was seven or eight years old, under the influence of his beloved poet Alexei Konstantinovich Tolstoy, he took up an inkwell and a pen and began to compose poetry. Since 1904, Lotarev began to publish regularly in magazines, hoping to get a response from the editors, but his children's poems did not produce a special effect on readers.

  
  

  Thus, on the pages of literary publications, the works of the young Igor Lotarev flaunted, which he signed with the non-trivial pseudonym “Count Evgraf d’Axangraf”. But Igor Vasilyevich considered the official start in his creative biography to be the publication of 1905 in the magazine for soldiers and people Leisure and Business.

  In the autumn of 1907, in Gatchina, the writer met Konstantin Mikhailovich Fofanov, whom he considered his forerunner and mentor. According to rumors, this day remained forever in the memory of Lotarev, because Fofanov became the first of the poets who appreciated his literary talent and became a guiding star for Severyanin in the boundless world of literary lines. Around the same time, Lotarev became Igor Severyanin. It is noteworthy that Severyanin is not a surname, but a middle name, which the poet considered a kind of amulet and mythologeme.

  Further, Igor Vasilyevich published 35 brochures with his own money, which he later planned to combine into a poetry collection called "Complete Works". One of the manuscripts of Severyanin, thanks to the writer Ivan Fedorovich Nazhivin, fell into the hands of the famous. After reviewing the work "Habanera II", the author of the novel "War and Peace" criticized the work of Severyanin to smithereens.

  “What do they do, what do they do ... And this is literature? Around - the gallows, hordes of the unemployed, murders, incredible drunkenness, and they have the elasticity of a cork ... ”, - the Russian classic commented on the poem.

  Ivan Fedorovich did not hesitate to send this quote to many publications, therefore, many lovers of poetry and, in fact, Severyanin himself got acquainted with the words spoken by Tolstoy. But such merciless criticism did not break the talented representative of postmodernism, but, on the contrary, went into his hands. After all, as they say, black PR is also PR. The name of Igor Vasilyevich became famous, he was scolded by everyone and sundry. And magazines, thirsty for sensation and profit, willingly printed Severyanin's manuscripts on their pages.

  
  The book "The lyrics of Igor Severyanin"

  In 1909, a circle of poets began to form around the writer, and in 1911 a full-fledged creative association of ego-futurists was formed. This literary movement was characterized by neologisms, refined sensations, a cult of personality and selfishness, which talented people tried to flaunt. But the founder of the new literary movement did not stay in this circle for long, in 1912 Igor Severyanin gained popularity among the Symbolists and set off on a solo voyage.

  It is worth saying that the removal of the author of “In August” from the ego-futurists was marked by a scandal: Konstantin Olimpov (son of Fofanov) slandered Igor Vasilyevich in an article, moreover, a disagreement arose between the poets - Olimpov publicly declared that it was he, and not Severyanin, who was the creator of ego-futurism .

  “Finding the mission of my Ego-Futurism fulfilled, I wish to be alone, I consider myself only a poet, and I am sunnyly glad about this,” Igor Severyanin expressed in his open letter.

  In 1913, the writer, who was remembered by his contemporaries for his literary pamphlets, published his first collection of poems called The Thundering Cup, which brought universal recognition and fame to the talented poet. Such an extravagant name for the cycle was invented by Severyanin thanks to the poem "Spring Thunderstorm".

  This book consists of four dissimilar sections, where Igor Severyanin veiledly conveys his philosophical thoughts to poetry lovers. The main themes of Severyanin's poems are the beauty of nature and human feelings.

  I met Severyanin's collection warmly and wrote a mini-review for it, where he expressed his infinite joy in connection with the birth of a new poet. In 1912, Igor Vasilyevich spoke to a live audience for the first time, and a year later he took part in the tour of Fyodor Sologub and traveled around the cities of Russia.

  
  

  In the biography of the Severyanin, there are both ups and crushing falls. But, based on the facts, it can be assumed that Igor Vasilyevich was a man of strong hardening. For example, when he spoke to poetry lovers in Tiflis, the public perceived Severyanin not as a poet, but as a comedian: it was unusual for people to hear poetry read in a singsong voice (Igor Vasilyevich did this with a special manner), so the audience literally choked with laughter.

  
  

  But already at the subsequent performances of Severyanin, the audience first exploded with loud applause, and then calmed down, listening to every word of Severyanin. Later, at the feet of Igor Vasilyevich, there was an uncountable number of scarlet roses.

  In 1915, Severyanin published the Rosiris collection, which included the famous poem Pineapples in Champagne. The poet Vadim Bayan used to say that when Vladimir Mayakovsky was visiting Igor Vasilyevich, he dipped a piece of tropical fruit into a sparkling drink. The northerner followed the example of his comrade, after which the first lines of the poem were born to him.

  In 1918, due to the Bolshevik coup, Igor Severyanin, like many literary figures, was forced to leave Russia for Estonia. During the years of emigration, the master of words published several collections of poetry: "Nightingale", "Classic Roses", "Vervain", also wrote novels in verse, for example, "Leander's Piano (Lugne)", and created the utopia "Sunny Savage". Among other things, Igor Vasilyevich not only composed poems, but also translated Estonian works into Russian.

  Personal life

  Igor Severyanin earned himself the fame of Casanova. And this is not surprising, because in the life of a representative of the poetry of the Silver Age there were an uncountable number of women to whom he sang praises. But Igor Vasilyevich was not a frivolous man who liked to change young ladies like gloves, simply because of his nature he was extremely amorous and plunged into passionate romances with his head.

  
  

  The first time Cupid's arrow pierced Northerner's heart was when he was 12 years old. The poet fell in love with his cousin, 17-year-old Elizaveta Lotareva, who became his muse and inspired his creative efforts. When Elizabeth was 22 years old, she got married. According to rumors, Severyanin was also present at the wedding ceremony. But this solemn event greatly influenced the young man, they say that he became ill right in the church.

  
  

  When the genius of literature was 18 years old, Evgenia Gutsan met on his life path. Having presented the golden-haired girl with poems, Igor Severyanin invited Evgenia to live under the same roof. True, their relationship lasted only three weeks. According to unofficial information, Gutsan gave birth to a girl, Tamara, from a Northerner. Despite such a short life together, Igor Vasilyevich always remembered the girl and dedicated collections of poems to her.

  
  

  In 1921, the poet broke up with his fictitious wife, Maria Vasilievna Volnyanskaya, and proposed to Felissa Kruut. Thus, the daughter of the landlord Felissa became the only legal wife of Igor Severyanin, who endured the constant touring novels of the gifted poet.

  “But I am dying of passion ... Can you imagine me capable of burning by one five years old? ... The wife at first did not really sympathize with this, but then she waved her hand, withdrew into herself, now watches with contemptuous irony from above and from afar, ”Igor Severyanin described in a letter feelings for the passion of Evdokia Strandell.

  After Igor Vasilyevich began to conduct a love correspondence with a certain Vera Borisovna Korendi, Felissa's patience came to an end, and she kicked the unfortunate spouse out of the house. Vera Borisovna claimed that from Severyanin she had a daughter, Valeria (originally recorded under a different patronymic and surname). The poet also had a son, Bacchus Igorevich.

  Death

  Thanks to the epistolary heritage, in which Igor Vasilyevich scrupulously described his physical and mental state to his comrades, it became clear that the ego-futurist suffered from a severe form of tuberculosis. In 1940, Severyanin moved with Vera Borisovna to Paide, central Estonia, where Korendi was offered a job as a teacher.

  
  

  At that time, Igor Vasilyevich's health deteriorated sharply. Further, the master of the pen and his beloved moved to Tallinn, where Severyanin died on December 20, 1941 from a heart attack. The funeral was modest, Igor Vasilievich was interred at the Alexander Nevsky cemetery.

  Bibliography

  • 1913 - "The Thundering Cup"
  • 1914 - "Zlatolira"
  • 1915 - "Pineapples in champagne"
  • 1915– 1918 - "Collection of Poets"
  • 1918 - "Behind the stringed fence of the lyre"
  • 1920 - "Vervain"
  • 1921 - “Minstrel. The latest poetry"
  • 1922 - "Mirreliya"
  • 1923 - Nightingale
  • 1925 - "The Dew of the Orange Hour: A Childhood Poem in 3 h"
  • 1922-1930 - "Classic roses"
  • 1932 - "Adriatic. Lyrics"
  • 1934 - "Medallions"
  • 1935 - Leandre's Piano (Lugne)