Hot water supply of a multi-storey residential building and a heat supply scheme. Hot water supply

Water supply is one of the most important systems of a country house or apartment. Of course, before starting the assembly of communications of this type, a detailed project with all calculations must be drawn up. This will ensure an efficient and uninterrupted supply of hot and cold water in the future.

Designing hot and cold water supply: main stages

When drawing up a water supply project, first of all, you should decide:

• with a source of pumping water;
• the type of equipment intended for its collection;
• method of external wiring of highways;
• interior or apartment.

The source of water is usually a well. Its drilling should be the first stage in the arrangement of the water supply system of a residential building. Initially, you should decide on the diameter of the mine. To provide water for 4-6 people living in the house, a casing section of 132 cm will most likely be sufficient. After drilling is completed, the owner of the house should be issued a well passport indicating its parameters.

Based on these data, as well as based on the needs of the people living in the house, the parameters of the equipment intended for water intake are selected. The calculation of the power of the deep pump is based on the pressure of the supplied water and its flow rate. The head is determined by the formula H=Hr+S+Hcv, where Hr is the height of the external pipeline level relative to the dynamic level of the shaft, S is the total head loss, Hsv is the head required when the pipe enters the building.

The water supply line to the house is connected to the pump through a check valve. It should be stretched along a trench buried below the freezing of the soil.

Design of cold water supply

Inside the building, pipes can be pulled in two ways:

1. Consistently. In this case, the highways are led through the utility rooms (kitchen, bathroom) and, in appropriate places, connections are made from them to plumbing fixtures.
2. Collector. With this method, the internal wiring consists of two or three circuits, each of which serves a separate group of premises. This technique of internal wiring is usually laid down in the design of a large cottage.

Internal piping in a water supply system can be open or closed. In the first case, a neat appearance of the premises is ensured. In the second - easy access for maintenance.

Design features of hot water supply

Heating of water in the DHW system is carried out by connecting the mains to a double-circuit boiler or boiler. For a small dacha, an instantaneous water heater can also be used. When drawing up a hot water supply project, it should be borne in mind that:

• DHW risers are located to the right of the cold water risers;
• DHW pipelines are laid above cold water pipelines.

The choice of parameters of shut-off valves depends on such a characteristic as the working pressure in the lines.

Pipe selection

When designing hot and cold water supply systems, among other things, you should decide on the type of pipes used for wiring. Indoors in apartments and houses, plastic or metal-plastic ones are usually used. In small summer cottages, steel ones can also be mounted. These are very reliable pipes. Their disadvantage is the difficulty in assembly and the tendency to rust. In large cottages, copper pipes are also sometimes used for plumbing. This option is very expensive, but it is durable. In addition, copper gives drinking water unique properties. When drafting a copper water pipe, it is taken into account that such pipes should not come into direct contact with any aluminum parts. For an external line, a HDPE pipe (food grade plastic) is usually used.

Our highly qualified specialists will design the hot and cold water supply of your home in compliance with all rules and regulations. Our advantages include, among other things, the low cost of such work. You can also order the installation of the designed water supply system from us.

Good afternoon I ask you to consider the heating and hot water supply scheme proposed by the architect in a one and a half-story private house from Porotherma-51 150 sq.m in the Moscow region.

There is a suspicion that the scheme is very redundant and it would be possible to save significantly on equipment and further operation.

There is gas in the village, but it is quite possible that by the time you move into the house

it will not be there yet, so it is necessary to provide a backup scheme for the first period of residence until the gas is connected (which will then be used as a backup in case of interruptions in gas supply). For heating, a solid fuel boiler was supposed for this (there is no explanatory note about it, because there are still doubts about it

), and for hot water an electric boiler.

Explanatory note on heating:

The source of heat for the building under construction is the ITP (boiler room 2) located on the 1st floor of the building in the axes B-B / 3-4. The heat carrier in the heating circuit is water with parameters of 80 - 50 ° C

The project provides for a 2-pipe closed dead-end heating system. The heating system of the 1st floor has 2 circuits. Contour T1 with a length of 30 m. and contour T2 with a length of 32m. The heating system of the attic floor has 1 T3 circuit with a length of 29m.

As heating devices, steel panel radiators of the Kermi company with a bottom and side supply, a built-in thermostat are provided. For the staircase, devices without control valves are provided.

Main pipelines, risers of the heating system and floor wiring are provided from polypropylene pipes D.20mm and risers to the attic floor D.25mm..

For devices with a bottom connection, pipelines are laid on the floors of floors. Pipelines are insulated with 13 mm foam rubber material.

On floor pipelines, heating installation of automatic balancing valves of Oventrop firm is provided.

Regulation of heat transfer of heating devices is carried out by installing individual thermostatic valves.

Air removal - through air cocks in heating devices, and through automatic air vents at the upper points of the system. System drain - at the lowest points.

The project provides for the installation of water "warm floors" in rooms 01; 07; 08.

Explanatory note on hot water supply:

The project provides for autonomous hot water supply of the building.

The hot water supply system is provided with forced circulation through mains and risers.

Hot water preparation is provided in the boiler room

The estimated flow and pressure for the needs of hot water supply is provided by cold water supply pumps.

The main and distributing pipelines of hot water supply are laid in floors and in strobes along the walls and in an open way along the walls, risers - in an open way along the walls.

Main pipelines, hot water risers are made of reinforced polypropylene pipes D.25mm, wiring and connections to sanitary appliances are made of polypropylene pipes d20mm.

Shut-off valves are provided, which are installed:

● on branches supplying storage tanks;

● on risers;

● on floor connections to bathrooms;

● on branches for hot water preparation.

Any pipeline or riser is fitted with a shut-off valve with a drain at the lowest point in order to allow partial shutdown of one of the pipelines without shutting down the entire distribution network.

Insulation against heat losses is provided for the following pipelines of hot water supply "Energoflex Super" with a thickness of 13 mm:

Main pipelines;

Stoyakov;

Pipelines laid in floors and strobes.

The preparation of hot water is provided by means of a gas water heater in the boiler room. Storage and distribution tanks for cold water and hot water are installed in the boiler room.

Hardware Specification:

1 pc Single-circuit gas heating boiler with a capacity of 27 kW 1 pc Solid fuel backup boiler 1 pc Gas water heater 1 pc Electric boiler 300l or more (reserve hot water supply) 1 pc Accumulation tank 300l or more 3 pc Steel panel radiators with bottom connection 22type 500x500mm8 pcs Steel panel radiators with bottom connection 22type 500x600mm3 pcs Steel panel radiators with bottom connection 22 type 500x800mm1 pcs Radiator heating manifold group 1 pc Heated floor manifold group 1 pc Safety group 30 m. Reinforced PP pipe PN25 D. 25mm160 m. Reinforced PP pipe PN25 D. 20mm200 m. Polyethylene pipe D. 16mm1 piece Membrane expansion tank 30-40l1 Comp. Gas boiler chimney pipes (stainless steel) 1 Comp. Chimney pipes of a gas water heater (stainless steel) 6 pcs Circulation pump (90-120Vit) 30 sq.m. Substrate for underfloor heating1 pc Collector cabinet 500x600mm

Our questions:

1. What is better in our case, one double-circuit boiler or a boiler and a water heater separately?

2. Is the choice of a backup system optimal (solid fuel boiler and electric boiler) or can you advise something better?

3. How can you estimate the approximate cost of equipment and further operation for various options? (maybe some examples of calculations will advise)

4. Please double-check the heat calculation for the premises (shown on the attached drawings), there are doubts about its correctness.

5. Please indicate other shortcomings in the project.

Additional Information:

DO NOT WANT TO PAY EXTRA MONEY

There are frostbites in the family (comfortable temperature is at least 22 degrees)

On the second floor there will be a bath (in terms of ensuring that there is enough hot water for it)

It is desirable that the hot water delay after turning on the tap should not be more than a few seconds

The organization of hot water supply to cottages and apartment buildings is carried out taking into account local conditions. Work on the design of a DHW system begins with the choice of its type and features. Depending on which water source is used, the cost of organizing and operating the system can vary significantly. The type of system also affects the profitability of using a particular system. For example, using a closed system in which water is not constantly circulating can reduce the energy costs for circulation pumps and reduce heat loss. To increase the efficiency of hot water supply, the optimization of the location of individual elements of the system is used.

Design of a hot water supply system

(DHW) is the most important stage of a whole range of preparatory work, which subsequently significantly affects the quality of life. The design work begins with a decision on the source of water for the needs of the household.

The easiest option- connection to the so-called open central heating system.

More difficult- connection to the central water supply system with further heating of water to the required temperature using individual heaters.

The use of a central water supply has several advantages. The owner of the house does not need to drill a well, dig a well or carry out other mandatory work to find a source of water and provide access to it. In addition, well drilling is carried out in accordance with the developed and approved project, which also requires significant investments. Therefore, the cost of organizing your own water supply system can be significantly higher than connecting to the central water supply. The disadvantage of using central water supply is the dependence on water supplies and its insufficiently high quality.

System design DHW for apartment buildings, it is produced taking into account the existence of two main types of organization - a system with constant circulation of hot water and a system without circulation. Constant circulation is ensured by the presence of a discharge pipeline through which water returns to the supplier organization. This type provides a more stable thermal regime of the DHW system, which accordingly leads to less thermal fluctuations in the intra-house pipeline network and a longer service life for it. A system without circulation is characterized by increased fluctuations in water temperature. This is especially noticeable at night, when water intake occurs in small volumes. By morning, as a rule, the in-house system has time to cool down completely, and the consumer has to drain the cold water. This leads to inefficient use of water resources and an unproductive increase in the load on the sewerage network.

When designing a hot water supply system for a cottage, they almost always use a simpler closed organization system without constant water circulation. At the same time, sufficiently comfortable conditions are provided, since the heating devices in this case are located as close as possible to the flow nodes. Therefore, the amount of hot water cooled down in the pipes during the minimum intake period is insignificant.

The design of hot water systems often includes heat-insulated storage tanks to compensate for interruptions in the supply of water. Sometimes they can be used as a buffer to reduce thermal fluctuations when organizing a system without constant circulation of hot water.

In conclusion, it should be noted that the consumer qualities of water can be significantly improved using coarse and fine filters. It is possible to reduce the cost of heating water when installing an individual system and the consumption of hot water from a centralized DHW system during design work through the reasonable use of pipes of sufficient, but not excessive diameter.

Our company carries out a comprehensive design of cold water and hot water supply in Moscow and the Moscow region for various objects. Thanks to well-designed project documentation, it is possible to optimize the installation of plumbing systems, prevent overspending of materials, eliminate equipment incompatibility and insufficient power, and avoid errors during pipe laying. Design of hot water supply and cold water supply performed by experienced professionals who are well aware of all the nuances of creating plumbing systems.

Design features of hot water supply, cold water supply

Our experienced designers carry out DHW and cold water design from two water sources. In the first case, the systems being developed are connected to existing networks. In the second option, the technical conditions for water supply from economic organizations, and after that they are sent project documentation for approval. This way of creating DHW And cold water it is used for autonomous systems for which a well or a well is a water source. At the same time, permission to organize a source of water supply must be obtained only if it is decided to drill a well.

DHW and cold water design consists of the following steps:

1. Providing information without which it is impossible to create a project. These are technical conditions, architectural features of the structure, points of output and input of water supply networks, and so on. The initial data also includes the general plan of the territory, including the characteristics of the soil and the existing water supply systems.
2. Preparation of technical specifications with subsequent approval by the customer.
3. Development of project documentation taking into account current standards, which directly depend on the type of system being created. The project includes all drawings, an explanatory note, installation diagrams, a specification and a sketch of the main nodes of the networks being created.
4. Coordination of the project with state regulatory authorities, if the systems being developed are connected to existing networks.

Our company develops competent projects for hot water supply (DHW) and cold water supply (CWS) in Moscow and the Moscow region in accordance with current regulations. This minimizes the likelihood of problems with state regulatory organizations. Our experienced professionals quickly make the right design decisions. At the same time, they introduce exclusively high-quality equipment from well-known manufacturers into projects. At the same time, the customer's budget is always taken into account.

In order for an apartment building to function normally, it is very important to properly design and equip the water supply system in it.

As a rule, water supply in an apartment building is:

• firstly, the central highway supplying water;
• secondly, piping to the house;
• thirdly, piping to each apartment.

For each specific building, depending on its parameters:

• appointment;
• technological requirements;
• fire safety requirements;
• locations of water supplies,

water system may vary. In particular, there are such networks as:

1. Dead end. Can be:
   1. with upper wiring, which is carried out under the ceiling of the upper floor or in the attic;
   2. with lower wiring, located in the basement of the building or under the floor of the 1st floor.
2. Ring.
3. Zone.
4. Combined.

During the design process, the specialist necessarily makes a hydraulic calculation of the amount of water that is necessary so that all residents of the house can uninterruptedly use the resource for various needs.

Hot water supply of an apartment building

Hot and cold water supply systems in an apartment building are designed according to fundamentally different schemes.

A well-organized hot water supply is a centralized circulation system with one or two pipe risers.

In the first case, all risers of a certain section of the building are combined into one, which is called "idle", since it does not have consumers. The risers are looped along the height of the house in order to maintain the same pipe diameters throughout the building and provide better water distribution for each apartment.

At the same time, for buildings with a different number of floors, risers of a certain diameter are designed:

• up to 5 floors - 25 mm;
• 6 floors and above - 32 mm.

The heated towel rail in the bathroom is installed on the supply riser, which has its drawbacks: if the water in the boiler room is heated weakly, it will reach the farthest residents already cooled down. In order to avoid such situations, experts recommend inserting a special jumper pipe between the direct and reverse wiring (bypass).

In the case of a 2-pipe wiring, the system has 2 risers - for supplying and discharging water. The outlet circulation riser is nothing more than a heating elbow used as a heated towel rail.

Cold water supply of an apartment building

Pipelines for cold water supply to consumers of apartment buildings are made according to a dead-end scheme, that is, one branch running from the water supply source to the very last consumer, where it ends.

At the inlet of the cold water supply to the building, a water meter assembly is installed, consisting of steel pipes, fittings and a water meter. Initially, the meter is mounted in such a way that the direction of movement of cold water coincides with the arrow on the device case.

The node is rigidly attached to the surface (on the floor or on the wall), while paying attention to the fact that the meter axis is at a height of 30–100 cm from the floor.

Where the pipeline turns, metal supports are installed.

Water supply of an apartment building: snip

It should be remembered that the design of the internal water supply of an apartment building is carried out taking into account the relevant building codes and regulations, namely SNiP "Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings" (No. 2.04.01-85).

This document normalizes important parameters that affect the quality of the water supply system. This SNiP contains sections that describe in detail information regarding:

• temperature and other indicators of water in the internal pipeline network;
• rules for calculating water consumption depending on the number of consumers and sanitary appliances;
• the composition and rules for choosing a cold water plumbing system, depending on sanitary and hygienic requirements, technical and economic feasibility, etc.;
• parameters of the hot water plumbing system;
• fire water supply, etc.

Designing the water supply of an apartment building is a responsible and time-consuming task, which a true professional designer can handle competently and quickly.

The specialist will plan the project of a multi-storey building, taking into account not only the requirements of SNiP, but also the design, planning, and architectural solutions of the facility.