Adonis Amur: reproduction, photo, care, watering. Adonis Amur: a brief description, planting and care Adonis Amur adonis

(Amur adonis)

adonis amurensis rgl. and radde

Ranunculaceae family - Ranunculaceae

Adonis Amur description

Adonis amur- a perennial herbaceous plant with a short thick rhizome, thin roots, triple-pinnate leaves.

Spreading. Within the Far East, the range of Adonis covers Primorye, Amur Region and Sakhalin.

Habitat. Adonis Amur grows in moist, humus-rich soil. It does not form large thickets.

Bloom time. A characteristic feature of Adonis is early flowering. From mid-March, on thawed patches, on leafless succulent stems, the height of which does not exceed 15 cm, bright yellow flowers bloom. After the end of the flowering period, the length of the stems increases to 20-30 cm and a few leaves develop on them.

Time of collection of Adonis Amur. Adonis grass is harvested from mid-April to mid-June, until the fruits are shed. It should be cut off at a height of 5 cm from the ground, leaving basal scaly leaves. The collected grass must be dried quickly. To do this, it is better to use a dryer with a temperature of 50-60 °. With slow drying, the activity of drugs prepared from the herb of adonis will be low.

Adonis amur application

In medical practice, only preparations obtained from spring Adonis are used. They are the most common mild-acting agents for the treatment of moderate cardiac decompensation. Initially adonis preparations used in severe heart decompensation, but now they have been replaced by drugs derived from other plants, more effective. However, very active medicinal substances of cardiac action can also be isolated from Adonis. Adonis herb also contains a certain amount of substances that have a sedative (calming the central system) effect.

In practice, an infusion of adonis herb and the drug "Adonizide" (in drops and for injections) are used. Adonis herb extract is part of Bekhterev's medicine, which is prescribed for certain diseases of the central nervous system. At one time, the so-called Bekhterev tablets, which are identical in composition to the mixture, were widely used. They are still available in pharmacies, but are used less frequently, since the mixture is more easily absorbed from the digestive tract (Fruentov, 1972). Amur Adonis is a relative of spring Adonis, according to experimental studies, practically does not differ from it either in character or in strength of action in the body. The clinical use of Amur adonis is safe, although it is somewhat more toxic than spring adonis.

Protozoa medicine from adonis - an infusion of 6 g of dried and chopped herbs per 200 ml of water. Take it 1 tablespoon 2-3 times a day. The infusion prepared according to this recipe is enough for about 12 doses. It is not recommended to cook it in larger quantities, because the infusion deteriorates during long-term storage.

To prepare the infusion, a weighed amount of crushed herbs is placed in a glass, faience, porcelain or enameled vessel and the amount indicated in the recipe is poured with cold boiled water. Then the vessel is placed in a pot of boiling water and, with frequent stirring, the contents of the inner vessel are heated for 15 minutes, after which they are cooled for at least 45 minutes. The resulting infusion is filtered, and it is ready for use.

In no case should you "simplify" the preparation of infusions by placing a vessel with medicinal raw materials and water directly on the fire. Many medicinal substances are characterized by low resistance and with such rough processing of raw materials they can be destroyed.

Harvest Adonis herb from mid-April to mid-June, until the fruits fall off. It should be cut off at a height of 5 cm from the ground, leaving basal scaly leaves. The collected grass must be dried quickly. To do this, it is better to use a dryer with a temperature of 50-60 °. With slow drying, the activity of drugs prepared from the herb of adonis will be low.

Adonis amurensis Regel et Radde
Family Ranunculaceae
Ranunculaceae

A brief description of. Herbaceous perennial with a short development cycle. The rhizome is short, thick, the stems (at the flowering stage) are low, leafless, with membranous scales, later elongating to 30 cm, simple or branching. Leaves usually develop after flowering.

Basal and stem leaves four times unpaired pinnately divided into narrow-lanceolate lobes on long branched petioles. The flowers are yellow, rather large, up to 25 mm. Sepals pale lilac, glabrous, equal to petals. Fruitlets pubescent up to 4-5 mm long. Flowering - April-May, fruiting - May-June (2).

Spreading. In the Amur region, the plant grows in the Bureya and Arkharinsky districts, according to an oral report by E. Pikunov, he once met in the env. Blagoveshchensk (2, 3). Outside the region in Russia, the species is found in the south of the RFE, including Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands (4-6), outside of Russia, in Japan, China, and the Korea Peninsula (7, 8).

Peculiarities of ecology and phytocenology. In deciduous forests, shrub thickets and forest edges on moist, humus-rich soil.

Number. The approximate total number of populations is 1-5 thousand copies (2, 3).

State of local populations. It occurs relatively often within the range, especially in the Khingan State Reserve (8), the populations are not dense with a stable population. Part of the populations in the north died as a result of the filling of the Bureya reservoir (3).

limiting factors. Economic development of the territory, fires, increased recreational load, collection of plants by the population.

Security measures taken. The species is included in the summary of rare and endangered plants of the Amur Region (9), the Red Books of the Jewish Autonomous Region (5) and the Khabarovsk Territory (6). Protected in the Khingan State Reserve (8).

Required security measures. Monitoring of the species, especially near settlements and large economic facilities, a complete ban on the collection of plants by the population.

cultivation possibilities. Cultivated in some botanical gardens in Russia, including Blagoveshchensk (1), Vladivostok (10), Yoshkar-Ola (11), St. Petersburg (12). Due to its decorative effect and early flowering, this plant deserves a wider introduction into the culture.

Sources of information. 1. Schreter, 1975; 2. Data of the compiler; 3. Data of V.M. Starchenko; 4. Luferov, 1995; 5. The Red Book of the Jewish ..., 2006; 6. Red Data Book of Khabarovsk..., 2008; 7. Kitagawa, 1979; 8 Lee, 1996; 8. Flora..., 1998; 9. Starchenko et al., 1995; 10. Vascular..., 2001; 11. Plants..., 2002; 12. Collectible..., 2005. Compilers. G.F. Darman.

Perennial herbaceous plant with a short rhizome and numerous black-brown adventitious roots. Shoots erect or ascending, simple or branching, with 3-6 scaly leaves up to 3 cm long, one-flowered or very rarely many-flowered. The stems are rounded, slightly ribbed, their height during the flowering period reaches 15 cm, after flowering it increases to 30-40 cm. The leaves are pinnately dissected into narrow linear segments, shortly hairy. The flowers are bright yellow, 2.5-5 cm in diameter. Sepals 5-7, petals 5-15. Petals oblong-elliptical, rounded at the apex, narrowed towards the base. Stamens numerous, greenish-brown, densely pubescent, 3.5-5 mm long and 2-3.5 mm wide. Fruits are pubescent.

A feature of Adonis is early flowering. On the Kuril Islands(Kunashir) it blooms from late April to mid-May, fruit ripening begins in late May, the aerial part dies off in early July. On Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands, adonis blooms after the appearance of leaves, on the mainland - simultaneously with their development.

Adonis Amur has an area of ​​the East Asian continental-island type. On the territory of Russia, the species is distributed in Primorye, Amur Region, Sakhalin, Moneron and the southern Kuril Islands (Kunashir and Shikotan). Outside it lives in northeastern China, Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu and Kyushu) and Korea. It grows in broad-leaved and coniferous-broad-leaved forests. The species is characterized as medium moisture-loving, light-loving, preferring moist soils rich in humus. In addition to the Amur Adonis, another closely related species is found on Kunashir Island - Adonis ramosa Franch.

Adonis seeds with small embryo and powerful endosperm. The species was propagated by freshly harvested seeds, with seedlings appearing in June of the following year (Sakhalin). Seeds are not subject to storage, they quickly lose their germination. Seedlings grow slowly. It can also be propagated vegetatively by dividing the rhizome both in open areas and under the forest canopy. It is best propagated by seeds, while it blooms in the third or fourth year. Introduced into cultivation, there are many varieties in Japan.

Adonis Amur in its composition contains cardenolides, coumarins, flavonoids, carbohydrates and related compounds, alcohols. Cardenolides in the aerial part of the plant during flowering - the beginning of fruiting accounted for 0.6% of the mass of air-dry raw materials. Among the substances of the cardenolide nature, there are strophanthin, strophanthidin, adonitoxin, cymarin, the latter in the amount of 0.19-0.22%, somalin (only in the roots), corchoroside A, convanlatoxin, strophantidol, cymarol, in addition, digitoxygenin is present in the aerial part, in the roots - isolineolone, ramanone, isoramanone, pergulyarin, isoramanone and isolineolone esters with benzoic and nicotinic acids, adonilid, fukuyuzone, lineolone, 12-O-benzoylisolineolone, fukuyuzonoron. The coumarins of the roots and the aerial part are represented by umbelliferone, scopoletin, and the flavonoids of the aerial part by orientin, homoorientin, adonivernite. In addition to the above compounds, adonite was found in the plant, which is formed from free sugars, which was 2.1% in the aerial part, 0.18% in the roots, and about 2% adonitol was found in the leaves. There are data indicating a significant amount of the cardiac anticoside adonidine. In the study of elementary chemical composition Si, Ca, K, Mg, P, Al, Fe, Mn, Na, Ti, Cu, Sr, and Ba were identified in the Far Eastern plants of Amur Adonis.

Since the raw material resources of the pharmacopoeial plant Adonis vernalis are limited, attempts are being made to search for related species with similar activity in the treatment of coronary insufficiency and as sedatives. Adonis Amur in animal experiments when using the infusion had a sedative effect, slowed down the heart rate, regulated intracardiac conduction, improved blood circulation and had a diuretic effect. In Korea, preparations of adonis amur were used for heart failure caused by heart defects and atherosclerosis. In Chinese medicine, it is considered a cardiotonic and diuretic. In general, according to many researchers, Amur adonis can be a substitute for spring adonis, since their biological activities are close.

With the advent of spring, the Far Eastern forests turn bright yellow. It blooms, or adonis. Low, only 20-30 cm in height, it attracts attention not only with its juicy color, but also with its unusual appearance.

It grows mainly in deciduous forests, on the edges, in thickets of shrubs on sufficiently moist soil rich in humus. Chooses well-lit places. In the photo, Adonis Amur pleniflora is a perennial plant with bright flowers and pointed leaves. Flowers, like leaves, are completely double, on a yellow background they have bright green feathery petals. The bud, in comparison with the entire growth of the flower, is large, stands out against the background of the leaves and stem.

The Far East, Primorye, Amur Region, Sakhalin, Kunashir and the Kuriles, Japan, Korea are considered the birthplace of Adonis.

The flowering period is from March to May. Residents of the Far East often call it “snowdrop”, because there are no real snowdrops there.

Main characteristics

Amur Adonis is a perennial herbaceous plant from It has a short and thick rhizome and slightly branched low erect stems about 30-40 cm in height of a light purple hue.

The lower part of the stem is covered with scales. The leaves are oval or pentagonal in shape, sharply dissected into narrow linear strips. Flowers in diameter do not exceed 5 cm, collected in a bunch and located at the top of the stem. Interesting feature: adonis flower has a large number of stamens of various lengths, sometimes up to a hundred, covered with fine bright yellow pollen. This is one of the early pollinators, especially loved by bees. One flower produces 3 to 6 mg of pollen.

Amur adonis blooms in March-April, bears fruit in May and June.

The fruits are complex, in the form of numerous one-seeded nuts or sacs.

But be careful: despite the attractive appearance, the plant is poisonous.

Adonis Amur. Landing and care

In the people, it is often called an adonis or an old oak.

This is a perennial plant. Propagated by seeds and division. The usual flowering period is 2-3 weeks, for terry species a little longer.

Each of the flowers has 20-30 petals, the outer side of which has a bronze sheen. In July, the flowers and stems die off, the root system goes dormant. But even in this state, constant moisture is required, drying out will destroy the plant.

Plant adonis in areas with well-moistened and drained soil.

Reproduction in ordinary flowers occurs by freshly harvested seeds. Unfortunately, terry types of seeds do not form. Therefore, in early spring or immediately after the end of flowering, the bushes are divided. In this case, they need to be planted in the soil as soon as possible, otherwise the plants will not take root. As you know, adonis does not tolerate drought well.

Planting density averages 5-6 bushes per 1 m2.

Care and reproduction

The plant does not tolerate stagnant water at the roots, so soil drainage and regular loosening are necessary. Adonis loves the sun, with insufficient lighting it does not develop well.

Alkaline environment preferred. To do this, it is useful to add a little lime to the soil.

Adonis in a duet with other primroses can be a wonderful decoration of the garden. Yes, it is considered a difficult flower to maintain. But subject to all the conditions for planting and care, it can settle in the garden for many years.

Medicinal properties

Amur adonis has long been used in medicine and is part of drugs that have a sedative effect on the central nervous system. Its biological activity is very similar to spring Adonis, it can successfully become its substitute. The use of Amur adonis in medical practice is safe, although it is more toxic in its composition than its relative.

This plant is also part of medicines that regulate cardiac activity, helps with kidney diseases, colds, malaria, colitis, convulsions, hysteria, removes excess fluid from the body, has analgesic and sedative effects.

Preserve and protect

Often unreasonable human behavior, erroneously called economic activity, fires, unjustified recreational load lead to sad results. Many species of plants and animals have disappeared forever or are on the verge of extinction.

Among the endangered and Amur Adonis. According to preliminary estimates, now in nature there are no more than 5000 units.

Today it is included in the list of rare and endangered plants of the Amur Region, and in the Khabarovsk Territory it is included in the Red Book. Amur Adonis is protected by the Khingan State Reserve, cultivated by many botanical gardens in order to increase its population. The number of this species is also monitored, especially near settlements and large-scale economic facilities, work is being carried out with the population on a complete ban on collecting the plant.

Such actions make it possible not only to preserve endangered plants, but also to increase their population, to preserve nature for future generations.

Perennial herbaceous plant of the Ranunculaceae family. On the Far East this species is widely distributed in the north of its range up to the Amur River. Plants are poisonous. Height of this herbaceous plant up to 40 cm, thick rhizome with cord-like roots. It has numerous stems, erect, ribbed, glabrous or slightly drooping. The upper part of the stems is branched, and the lower part is often covered with scales.

The shape of the leaves is pentagonal or oval, palmately dissected into narrow, linear lobes. The flowers are large, bright yellow, up to 5 cm in diameter, collected in compact "bunches" and located on the tops of the shoots. The fruit is complex, consisting of numerous one-seeded nuts, most often ovoid. Adonis Amursky blooms from March to May, bears fruit from May to June. This plant does not form large thickets in nature. Reproduction by division and seeds.

Application: It is used for diseases of decompensation of cardiac activity, renal and colds, malaria, various colitis, convulsions, hysteria, shortness of breath and as a diuretic for dropsy and swelling of the legs. Contains active substances: cardiac glucosides cyarin, adonitoxin, flavonoid glucoside adonivernit, several other cardiac glucosides, saponins, adonite alcohol, phytosterol and mineral salts.

The herb infusion excites and regulates the activity of the heart, dilates the blood vessels of the heart and kidneys, increases heart contractions, evens out the rhythm of the heart and eliminates congestion. The infusion also has a diuretic, anticonvulsant, analgesic and sedative effect, which reduces the excitability of the motor apparatus of the central nervous system.

In medical practice, adonis is used in the form of water infusions of herbs as one of the most important means of regulating and stimulating the activity of the heart. The infusion is used for various cardiovascular diseases and especially in chronic heart failure and heart neurosis, and in combination with bromine - with increased nervous excitability, insomnia, convulsions, epilepsy and alcoholic psychosis. Adonis, with repeated use, does not have a cumulative property, that is, the property of accumulating action, due to the relatively low resistance of the active principles.

The pharmaceutical industry also produces special preparations made from adonis: adonizide, dry extract and tablets (drops) adonis-bromine containing a dry concentrate of adonis, potassium bromide and codeine. The simplest medicine that can be prepared from Amur Adonis is an infusion.

♦ For 6 g of dried and chopped grass, there are 200 ml (almost a glass) of water. It is necessary to take a tablespoon 2-3 times a day. The infusion prepared according to this recipe is enough for about 12 doses. Not recommended for cooking large quantities, since the infusion deteriorates during long-term storage. To prepare the infusion, place required amount chopped herb into a clean vessel, then fill the herb with cold water, based on the proportion indicated above. Then, place the vessel in a pot of boiling water, stirring frequently, heat the contents of the vessel for 15 minutes. After that, it is necessary to cool the infusion - at least 45 minutes. During cooling, the medicinal substances of Adonis Amur pass into the infusion. You should not "simplify" the preparation of infusions by placing a vessel with medicinal raw materials and water directly on the fire. Many medicinal substances are characterized by low resistance and with such rough processing of raw materials they can be destroyed.