Finishing
What word does the goal of the project begin with. The purpose and objective of the project: as you write, so you decide

What word does the goal of the project begin with. The purpose and objective of the project: as you write, so you decide

The goal is the expected result of activity for a certain period of time. The aim of the project is to solve the identified problem. Tasks define the logic and sequence of stages to achieve the goal. The goal statement must meet the following requirements:

1. Specificity and measurability (verifiability).

The goal should be formulated not only qualitatively, but also, if possible, quantitatively. There should be ways and tools to assess the degree of achievement of the goal

2. Clarity of definition By time implementation. Goals are formulated for a certain foreseeable period of time.

3. Reachability. The goal should be defined taking into account the real possibilities of its implementation. Setting a goal that exceeds the capabilities of the project developers due to insufficient resources or due to other factors can lead to undesirable consequences.

4. Consistency and consistency with others goals and resources. All goals must be mutually consistent, both vertically (goals arranged in a hierarchical relationship) and horizontally (equivalent in nature of the goal). Achievement of goals should be provided with resources. The goal is stated in the verb form. For example, by May 9, 2005, to break the Victory Square in the microdistrict. Based on this goal, the following tasks can be formulated:

Collect the necessary information for the development and implementation of the project;

Determine the place of laying out the square and coordinate with the self-government bodies;

Develop the necessary project documentation, coordinate it with the architectural supervision authorities and the landscaping department;

Carry out the necessary calculations, find the required
funds and resources;

Develop a work schedule, agree
it with self-government bodies;

Distribute responsibilities among members of the creative team;

Involve the local community and self-government bodies in the implementation of the project;

Prepare a project implementation report;

Prepare a project presentation.

Search and collection of information

After you have formulated the goal and objectives of the project, you need to collect the necessary information. It must meet the requirements of necessity and sufficiency. To do this, you need to analyze the available and necessary information.

A source of information. Working with information. Sources of information can be:

Publications in mass media;

Internet resources;

Scientific publications;

Interviews and interviews with competent people;

Results of sociological researches;

observations;

Documentation and legislative acts;

Statistical data; - correspondence, etc.

In the process of working with information, it is necessary to find out the following questions:

1. How important is this issue to the community in your community?

2. What is the degree of its significance on the scale of the district or region?

3. Why this problem should be considered by the authorities ?

4. Should someone else be responsible for solving this problem? Why?

5. How developed the legislative framework to solve this problem?

6. If the existing law solves the problem, is it fully implemented? If not fully, then nothing?

7. What disagreements exist regarding the solution of this problem?

8. What segments of the population, groups or organizations are interested in this problem?

9. How do they try to influence the authorities to implement their approaches to solving the problem?

10. Who can become a partner in the implementation of this project?

11. What resources are needed to implement this project?

12. From what sources can I get additional

Studio "All on the drum"

"Music studio for teenagers at risk" Everyone cares! Problem selection. The first one reveals the range of general social problems that are relevant for ChGIKI students. The list of problems was discussed and corrected. In order to identify the most significant and realizable problem, a sociological study was conducted among 247 full-time students of the ChGIKI. The thematic part of the study included the following questions:

1. What social problem, in your opinion, is especially acute today?

2. What social problem, in your opinion, can be solved by a small group of interested people in a particular region?

Respondents were asked to give detailed answers or use the suggested answers.

The problems resulting from the study were presented as follows:

Problem No. 1 - Social tension, high level of crime and delinquency, was chosen by 24% of respondents (mostly males);

Problem number 2 - Drug addiction and alcohol addiction concerned about 22% of respondents;

Problem No. 3 - Poverty of the population - 22%; Problem number 4 - Crisis in the cultural and spiritual sphere - 10%; Problem #5 - Demographic crisis- eleven%; Other problems - 8%; It was difficult to choose - 3% of respondents.

Based on the analysis of the responses received, the following conclusions were drawn:

1. Currently, there are several acute social problems that concern the society in approximately the same way.

2. Some of these problems cannot objectively be solved by the efforts of a small group of people.

3. Only a small part of the respondents (2%) pessimistically say that none of the proposed problems will be solved anyway.

4. A larger proportion (7%) proposes to solve problems in a comprehensive manner.

5. The most solvable of the proposed problems, according to the respondents, are problems No. 3,4.

Annex 1

The study showed:

The most important problem, the solution of which can be contributed to a greater extent, is social tension, a high level of crime and delinquency (problem No. 1). Perhaps the problem can be solved in a complex way with the problem in the cultural and spiritual sphere.

A new survey is being conducted to identify the most vulnerable socially vulnerable group of the population. The survey was conducted at ChGIKI, 239 people answered, its results are as follows:

It was decided to make the goal of the project - to help teenagers at risk. The form of the project implementation was the creation of a music studio for teenagers at risk.

A selection of musical instruments for training in the studio is being carried out.

Options are being considered - guitar, drum kit, violin, piano, trumpet, saxophone.

Criteria for choosing an instrument are compiled - popularity among young people, the timing of learning to play the instrument, the cost and physical strength of the instrument. An analytical table is compiled. Instrument/criteria guitar drums violin piano trumpet saxophone

A, I. Paigusov Socio-cultural design

To compile the table, consultations were held with teachers from the Departments of Vocal and Instrumental Art of the Faculty of Arts of ChGIKI.

Based on the results of the analytical analysis, it was decided to conduct training in the studio on drum kits. All of the proposed criteria were in favor of this choice.

Poll: What instrument would you like to learn to play? (%)

Problem:

Goals:

1. Social adaptation of adolescents at risk by teaching professional drumming skills.

Tasks:

Monitoring adolescents at risk in order to identify potential project participants;

Conducting a competitive selection in order to identify musically gifted teenagers at risk;

Creation of the material and technical base of the studio;

Development of a study plan for the studio;

Organization and holding of independent concerts of the studio; participation in community events;

Formation in adolescents of attitudes of tolerant attitude to the cultures of different peoples;

Attracting media attention to the problems of organizing leisure activities for adolescents at risk. Collection of information

		Source and method
What is needed	Degree of ownership	receiving information
information	information	mation
1. About the problems of society	Low	Sociological survey, analysis of media information
2. About the teenagers of the group	Medium	Media analysis, meetings
risk		with representatives of the city administration responsible for working with adolescents at risk
3. About educational	Medium	Meetings with representative
institutions for adolescents		administration officials
stkov risk group		cities responsible for working with at-risk adolescents
4. About the problems of adolescents	Medium	Media analysis, meetings
kov risk group		with representatives of the city administration responsible for working with adolescents at risk, meetings with administrators and teachers of institutions for adolescents

Analysis of options for solving the problem

Problem

Insufficient socialization of adolescents at risk.

Option 1

To hold a creative meeting of ChGIKI students with teenagers of the group

Arguments for"

1. Teens at risk will have a holiday.

2. ChGIKI students learn more about the life of adolescents at risk. .

3. Students will be able to show their talents.

Arguments against"

1 . One-time action.

2. There is no opportunity for the creative self-affirmation of adolescents
at-risk groups.

3. There are no prospects for further development of the project

Option 2

Establishment of a studio for teaching teenagers at risk the professional skills of playing a musical instrument.

Arguments for"

16. Teenagers at risk will be trained in professional drumming skills.

2. Teenagers will socialize in a creative team in a friendly atmosphere.

3. Teenagers will be able to take their time and discover their talents.

4. Teenagers will be able to show their creativity to the residents of Cheboksary.

5. Having become interested in music and creativity, teenagers can leave the social risk group.

6. There may be permanent musical creative teams from among the former teenagers of risk groups - participants in the studio.

Arguments against"

1. Creating a studio requires significant financial and material resources.

2. The help of partners is required.

3. Need more time to prepare

Solution

Direct the project to create a music studio for at-risk teenagers, as this option has more arguments in favor of implementing this idea.


Partner (program organizer)	Contribution to the project
Palace of Culture Municipal institution of culture "Palace of Culture" Salyut ""	Provision of space for studio classes and concerts.
Department of Youth Affairs of the Administration of Cheboksary.	Organizational support and information support of the project (website of the Administration of Cheboksary, access to youth media).
Department for social protection of the population of the administration of Cheboksary.	Organizational support and information support of the project
Department of Internal Affairs of the Moscow region	Search and monitoring of adolescents at risk, creation of a database on adolescents.
Administration of the Moscow region	Organizational support and information support of the project.

Action plan for the creation of a music studio for teenagers at risk "All on the drum!"

Stage of work	Name of me-	Terms of re-	Responsible
	hostility	lysis	performers
Preparatory	Monitoring under-	01.02.-14.02	Psychologist-
	sprouts at risk		specialist
Formation	01.02.-14.02	Psychologist-
	own database of adolescents at risk		specialist
Interaction with	01.02-01.12	Supervisor
	mass media		project
Organizational	Conducting con-	14.02.-21.02	Art
	course selection		supervisor
Drawing up a graph	21.02-28.02	Art
	fika occupations		supervisor

	Acquisition of musical instruments, music stands and stationery	01.03.-01.06	Project manager, project accountant
educational	Studio classes	01.03.-01.11
In-studio events	01.03.-15.11	Psychologist-specialist
Performances in concerts	01.06-15.11	Artistic director, solfeggio teacher
Development of layouts for posters, booklets, studio calendars	01.06.-01.09	Psychologist-specialist
final	Graduation Events	01.11.-14.11	Artistic director
Prom	15.11	All project participants
Financial Disbursement Report	01.11-10.12	Project Accountant

Expected results:

Removing the specific problems of adolescents at risk from the closed world and bringing them into the mainstream of a healthy socio-cultural space;

Concentration of society's attention on artistically gifted adolescents of the risk group in order to provide an opportunity for their further self-realization in the field of culture and art;

Identification of the most talented individuals from teenagers at risk in order to further their promotion in the market of cultural services;

Creating the ground for the emergence of informal human contacts;

Reduction of social tension in society.

After the implementation of the planned activities, the following development of the project is planned:

Increasing the quantitative coverage of adolescents at risk in the cultural life of the city;

Creation of a professional creative team on the basis of the studio,

Participation of students, adolescents at risk, in all-Russian and international events;

Development of innovative methodological materials for working with adolescents at risk, the creation of club formations on the basis of the recreation center "Salyut" aimed at adolescents at risk, expanding the range of cultural services offered.

Application

for participation in the republican competition of innovative, variable programs in the field of state youth policy

In one respect, business is like war: if the overall strategy is right, tactical mistakes, no matter how many, will not get in your way. achieve success.
(Robert Wood)

Logical and structured planning is easy to learn. To do this, it is only important to become familiar with a number of laws and master a set of practical planning tools, as well as make it a rule to constantly follow these laws and use tools.

The result of the implementation of this project directly depends on the ability to correctly plan a project.

Good planning will help you meet a certain time frame, provide the project with resources, program the team to achieve the goal, identify the circle of auxiliary resources, provide support for partners, hedge against problems and easily cope with them.

Remember An illiterate goal can ruin a project not only at its very beginning, but also at later stages.

Planning consists of two stages:

Setting goals and objectives of the project;

Construction of charts and graphs.

Project planning begins with goal setting and task formation. The ability to set goals correctly does not come intuitively, it is developed through the constant use of practical goal-setting methods. The use of these methods in practice helps to predict unforeseen problems and find ways to prevent or mitigate their consequences.

The logical conclusion of the project planning process is the construction of diagrams and graphs. They help to transfer the goal from the category of "theory" to the category of "practice", determine the stages of progress towards the goal, identify the need for resources and plan ways to meet this need, and distribute tasks among team members.

1. STATEMENT OF GOALS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

Work on setting goals, tasks, defining work tasks at different stages includes the use of the pyramid principle, search weak points individual stages of the project using SMART criteria, identifying hidden problems that, by their unexpected occurrence, can interfere with progress towards the goal.

Having worked out the project for these 3 programs, you can begin to implement it.

PYRAMID OF GOALS

With the help of a pyramid, or a hierarchy of goals, the goal-desire is transformed into a goal-reality. The pyramid breaks down the goals into levels and specifies the stages of work on the project.

Everything that has ever been convened first appeared in someone's imagination.

The vision of the goal is a multi-sensory image of the result of the project. Using the sense organs and symbols involved in creating the picture, the brain programs itself to achieve the goal. The more sensations and symbols involved in creating the image, the more realistic the picture, the higher the chance of success. Many small and large details and sensations are fixed in your mind, tune the neurosystem, launch associative chains in brain activity and lead to the realization of the imaginary. It is rational to involve the project team in the creation and use of a multisensory image: all members of the organization must represent the final result of their efforts.

Symbols, images, details

The vision of the goal can affect such symbols, images, details as numbering, color, sequence, funnyness of the situation, sexuality, associativity, dynamics, any other symbols, hyperbole.

Feel

The vision of the goal can be based on the sensations that give us such sense organs as sight, hearing, taste, smell, touch. The process of kinesthesia is often used here, which is a connection of bodily and emotional sensations, that is, a combination of what is seen and what is felt.

The best way to attract the team is to jointly create an associative image or symbol of the project, the constant presence of this symbol in front of the eyes of the team, giving it the status of an emblem or talisman (remember the strong influence and support such symbols as the family coat of arms, political paraphernalia).

The mission is determined by the purpose of the organization. A company that has not programmed itself to serve the consumer has no chance of success, since the trust of consumers in the first place guarantees the financial viability of the company. The mission defines the circle of consumers, indicates the field of activity of the organization, indicates its distinctive features. One or more highlights of the mission (such as being different from other organizations) can be demonstrated by a good slogan. In this case, the slogan is perceived as the image of the organization. The mission can be expressed in full in the form of a declaration.

Defining the mission of the organization is the first real step from the vision of the singing to its implementation.

Field of work

The field of activity of the organization indicates the nature of the services provided to the consumer, includes an algorithm for cooperation with partners and suppliers.

Distinctive features

The distinctive features of the company show how it differs from similar ones, what additional services it provides to the consumer, how its services and products are better than the services and products of similar organizations. Often distinctive features form the image of the company.

Circle of consumers

The circle of consumers of the company's services or products can be wide (food) and narrow (studio tailoring for dogs). Usually from the slogan of the organization it is clear which segments of the population the company is focused on.

Strategic Goals

The next step after defining the mission is to develop the strategic goals of the organization. Compared to a mission, strategic objectives are more concrete, more definite. The mission of a megastore, for example, can be stated as follows: "All our activities are aimed at meeting the needs of customers," and one of the strategic goals is formulated as follows: "A high level of comfort and a variety of services provided to the customer." The last wording obliges to define and implement services that would contribute to the maximum comfort of the buyer's stay in the megastore. Goals can be divided into external and internal. At first glance, these goals do not differ from each other, but in fact, the formulation of the external goal works for the consumer, the formulation of the internal one - for the company itself.

Strategic goals are also answers to the question: “What should the company do to fulfill its mission?”

Internal goals

These goals extend a little further, work not so much for the consumer as for the company. For example, the goal: “to win the trust and sympathy of the consumer, to form a circle of regular customers” is designed to create a base of regular customers and establish a process of actively attracting new ones.

External targets

These goals state what should be done to achieve the overall goal, but do not explain what the result is possible in the end, what exactly they will work for. For example, the goal: "to create a high level of customer service" encourages the creation of a certain level of service, but does not show the benefit of the end result.

Objective setting specifies strategic goals, breaks them down into parts, defines clear directions of actions necessary to achieve overall result. At the stage of setting goals, the need for resources is determined, revenues are forecast, strategic goals are detailed, and options for the outcome of events are worked out.

Resources and income

It is at this stage that the income that the project can bring is assessed. To predict income, it is necessary to determine the needs for material, financial, human resources.

Development of options

When setting goals, it is important to work out backup ways to solve the problems posed, taking into account changing circumstances, the unpredictability of the human factor, and the likelihood of a shortage of resources.

Objectives differ from strategic goals in enhanced specification v and opportunity.. setting criteria for their successful achievement. If one of the strategic goals of a mega-market is formulated as follows: "A high level of comfort and a variety of services provided to the buyer", then the tasks that will lead to the realization of the goal will sound like this: "Organization of a children's playroom", "Formation of a system of discounts and discounts", "Organization of parking for cars", etc.

Specific work assignments

The main distinguishing feature of this stage is the ultimate detail. Work assignments are characterized by the exact start and end dates for the implementation of specific tasks, the appointment of specific performers and responsible persons, the determination of the exact scope of work and the ability to control all the parameters for the implementation of this volume. It is from the cumulative implementation of work tasks that the fate of the project ultimately depends.

Often this stage demonstrates the viability of the project and sets the stage for its continuation or adjustment of goals.

Completion of specific tasks is easily measured using various indicators:

numbers,

dates,

volumes.

Real terms

When planning specific work tasks, it is necessary to strictly observe the start and end dates of work. Deadlines must be realistic: neither too high nor too low.

Minimum problems

A small amount of work and real, accurate deadlines make it easy to predict the occurrence of problems and find ways to prevent them. If unforeseen problems still slow down the task or make it impossible to complete, it will be a disaster for the entire project.

Real Results activities

The most real and predictable results are given by work assignments. In connection with the extreme specification of these tasks, it is easy to plan them, it is easy to exercise control over the implementation, and to foresee the final result.

Work assignments are characterized by relatively short deadlines: this contributes to more precise control and their smooth implementation.

SMART PRINCIPLES

The SMART principles include 5 criteria that a goal must meet: specificity, measurability, achievability, relevance, time consistency.

Checking the target for compliance with these criteria allows you to predict some of the problems that will definitely arise in the course of work on the project, to prevent and prepare "emergency exits" in case of an undesirable course of events.

The SMART principle is the universal initiator of project success.

Specific

The goal must be clear and specific. If you cannot succinctly and competently formulate the goal, then it is likely that you yourself do not see the exact picture of the desired result. The goal should not be too general, too lengthy. If your goal is devoid of concretization, then with further work with it, you may have problems in drawing up a plan, working with subordinates, control and monitoring. It is difficult to convince people to perform actions whose purpose they do not fully understand.

measurable

The most important criterion for goal setting is the ability to measure the results of the achieved goal. For measurement, various (most often digital) indicators are used - indicators of volume, weight, cost, quantity. If a goal cannot be measured in numbers, other indicators of measurement must be found for it. It is the ability to measure the final results of the stages of work on the project that is the key to successful planning. In addition, measurability is one of the main incentives for completing tasks and a criterion for control - it is difficult to control how they cope with a task that has no limits and boundaries.

Remember It is impossible to control the implementation of the task formulated "approximately".

Achievable

The degree of attainability of a particular goal may be different. In addition, you must be prepared for the fact that in order to achieve the goal you will need additional resources and a margin of time.

If achievability is in doubt, it will be difficult for you to win the support of employees and partners.

It is the tasks that are difficult to implement that lead to the refusal to work on the project at all its stages, it is in the process of achieving these goals that a large number of unforeseen problems arise.

If the goal is too easy to achieve, then there is no point in taking the time to plan the steps to achieve it. It is possible that it will be achieved without much effort in the course of work on the project.

The implementation of an inappropriate goal requires time, effort, costs no less than an appropriate one, but usually does not produce any results and, moreover, can be the cause of problems.

Relevant

To fulfill the principle of relevance (relevance), it is necessary to check how all levels of the pyramid of goals are consistent with each other. Even the smallest sub-goal is a link in the overall chain, so it must be subordinate to the main goal, or mission.

Tasks, work assignments must have common measurement indicators, be fed by the same resources, and be subject to a single control system.

Time-matched

Tasks and work assignments must be coordinated in time. Planning includes the start and finish time of the implementation of all stages of the project. It is important that the sequence of the alternation of stages is observed so that the deadlines for their completion do not overlap, so that the key points of the project are not scheduled at the same time. To implement this principle of planning, use various charts and charts.

Clear coordination is one of the main principles of successful planning, therefore, close attention is paid to it in the planning process.

IDENTIFYING THE PROBLEM

The path from creating an idea to completing a project consists of constantly solving problems or overcoming problems. Therefore, it is important to master the methods of their forecasting and prevention in a timely manner.

Problems or tasks, the solution of which was planned in stages in the process of working on the plan, do not pose a danger. Problems or complications that arise in the process of working on a project can interfere with or delay the progress towards the goal.

An incorrectly formulated goal can destroy the entire project.

Wrong goal setting

An incorrectly formulated goal can lead to incorrectly set tasks, illiterately planned work tasks.

Incorrect goal setting leads away, distracts from the main thing, focuses attention on the secondary.

Competently set tasks and work tasks lend themselves to easy and concise formulation, withstand testing for specificity, measurability, consistency, achievability, relevance. “Running” goals according to SMART principles must be made into a habit, and this will become your insurance for many problems and complications.

Illiterate work with information

An indispensable condition for preventing problems is complete, accurate and timely information on the project. In addition to information about resources and deadlines, you must prepare data on finding additional resources. This information is indispensable in the event of unforeseen complications. Equally important is the timeliness of collecting information on the project: the sooner you prepare an information package, the sooner you can start planning. Early project planning, in turn, contributes to a thorough study of the points of the plan, timely prevention of problems, and high-quality recruitment.

It is important to include in the process of selecting information all employees directly involved in the implementation of the project. In addition, it is equally important to establish a constant process of information exchange between all its participants.

Human factor

The human factor generates almost the largest number of problems. These are complications in working with partners, and the vigorous activity of competitors, and contradictions between the interests of ordinary employees and the management of the organization. If an employee has no interest in completing a work task, it is difficult to demand complete dedication from him. Partners do not always cope with their obligations, which also contributes to the creation of problems and complications.

In the planning process, it is necessary to outline the reserves of material and human resources that may be needed in case of non-fulfillment of obligations by partners, or problems with their own employees.

Unseen circumstances

Usually, when planning, circumstances are taken into account, the probability of which is almost equal to 100%. If the probability of occurrence of a negative circumstance is low, planners prefer to rely "on the fly" and do not take any measures to prevent a possible problem or mitigate it. negative consequences.

In the process of developing a plan, it is important to take into account all possible complications and problems, highlight the most important of them, mark the less dangerous ones. Don't confuse a major complication with a minor problem that won't significantly impact the project.

2. BUILDING GRAPHS AND CHARTS

The construction of graphs and charts is an indispensable condition for planning. It is the graphical form of project expression that makes it possible not to make mistakes in calculating the time allotted for the entire project as a whole and each task in particular. It is the graphs and diagrams that dictate the sequence of operations and prevent the layering of events of equal significance at the same time. Thanks to the graphic representation, there is a clear and logical distribution of the roles of personnel.

The construction of graphs, maps and charts is necessary at all levels of work on a project: from vision to work assignments. The presented techniques have different levels of efficiency. By putting into practice each, you can choose the ones that are right for you.

Remember Readiness for complications carries a good chance of winning, and even if you do not find a way to prevent an unplanned problem, at the right time the solution may come by itself.

Gantt Chart

This bar chart, named after its creator Henry Gantt, is very easy to build and understand. Its main advantages over other line charts are the demonstration of the sequence and duration of individual actions arranged in series.

Gantt charts can illustrate any stage of the planning process. The disadvantage of the diagram is the lack of indication of the relationship and interdependence of actions.

Chart Goals

Building a Gantt chart allows you to:

Distribute the sequence of actions in such a way that the sequence of their implementation in terms of time and importance is observed;

Based on the end date of the project, calculate the most optimal start date for work on it;

See which of the actions require strict adherence to the implementation deadlines, and which can be stretched in time;

Visually demonstrate to team members the importance of timely completion of the work assigned to them and the interdependence of each stage of the project;

Calculate the risks of failure of the project and prepare measures to prevent these failures.

Diagrams

To create a Gantt chart you need:

Determine the main actions that need to be taken to implement the project;

Enter the planned actions in the first column of the table according to the order of their execution;

In the second column, record the time that is planned to be spent on completing each action in days (weeks, months);

In subsequent columns, break the time period allotted for the project into days (weeks, months);

Demonstrate the duration of each of the planned actions using a segment that captures a certain amount of time;

Parallel to the segment that fixes the exact time for performing actions, mark segments of the "time margin" that outline the most early dates start of work and critical completion dates.

Charting principles

When drawing up a chart, you should be guided by some principles:

It is important that the implementation of key activities and actions high degree importance was not accounted for in one period of time;

It is necessary to leave a margin of time based on the unfavorable course of circumstances for the entire project and each of its actions;

If the execution of an action can take place only after the execution of the previous one, it is necessary to plan the decision of the latter for the earliest possible period of time;

The distribution of the load on the project executors should be uniform in time. If a team member is overwhelmed at the start of a job and doesn't know what to do at the end, it's the scheduler's fault;

Actions that do not require specific deadlines for permission must be entered into the map after determining load peaks and partially free days; they can be scheduled for less busy times.

What the chart looks like

The Gantt chart is drawn up in the form of a table, its content can be varied and supplemented with graphs that are important for the compiler.

For example:

1. Information about the number of days or weeks allotted for the completion of each activity.

2. The last name of the manager or the name of the department responsible for performing the action.

3. The degree of importance and timeliness of the implementation of each item of the plan.

Mind Maps Compiling a mind map is one of the most effective ways providing information on the principle of “how the brain thinks”. The map combines elements of imagery and logic, which means it involves both hemispheres of the brain.

It is on the involvement of both the right and left hemispheres that the effectiveness of the card is based.

Compilation purposes

Building a mind map allows you to:

Visually record on one sheet all the actions necessary to work on the project: since all information is contained in one document, its constituent parts are not lost and are always in front of your eyes;

Include both hemispheres of the brain in the project planning process to use this technique at all stages of the project and for different purposes: to solve emerging problems, perform current actions, organize working time;

Clearly structure information on the project, constantly update and change data, inform team members about the state of affairs without making additional efforts to inform the process;

Motivate yourself and staff for quality work, "program" the brain for the successful completion of the project.

The sequence of actions in compiling

For compiling a mind map is necessary:

Place in the center of the sheet a key image that would carry information about the main goal of the project;

Draw directions in which the project will work: there should be few branches, they should give an idea of the main components of the key image;

"develop" the central directions through additional shoots, which will represent all the associations associated with this direction;

If necessary, continue to develop "shoots", not forgetting to illustrate them with key words and associative drawings;

Create mind maps for all stages of the project, constantly update information.

Compilation principles

When compiling a mind map, it is necessary to be guided by some principles:

The mind map is drawn up with the help of keywords, symbols and drawings, and not the concise and dry entries that are familiar to us;

To connect the right hemisphere of the brain, the images used in the design of the map must be multisensory, they must give rise to visual, auditory, gustatory, kinesthetic, olfactory, tactile and other sensations;

For a more distinct perception, the inscriptions should consist of one or a minimum of words, be made in block letters;

For better memorization, figures should be in color; for more successful structuring of information, inscriptions can be marked with colored markers;

The more images are born, the more efficient the map works.

What does a mind map look like?

Compared to the Gantt chart, the network chart contains more information, shows the relationship of actions and their influence on each other more clearly, and, accordingly, is more complex and thorough.

The mind map is somewhat reminiscent of a genealogical tree, with the only difference being that the key image is located in the center, from which branches-directions of work on the project come, structured in more detail by smaller shoots.

network diagram

Network planning works well in the development of large-scale projects and projects of a high degree of complexity.

The advantage of network diagrams lies in the clear definition of events on which the fate of the project depends, in the specification of the relationship between the work tasks of the project.

TO The critical path is the longest path on the network diagram.

Critical Path Analysis

Critical path analysis allows you to:

Predict the optimal duration of the project;

Define critical actions;

Keep track of changing circumstances in the monitoring process.

Compilation purposes

Building a network diagram allows you to:

Consistently distribute the sequence of actions, make changes caused by the occurrence of unforeseen circumstances;

Identify the activities that most affect the entire process of working on the project, plan for the provision of additional resources to strengthen these activities in the event of complications;

Motivate employees by visually demonstrating the relationship of their work with the activities of other team members, monitor the implementation of the project;

Set exact start and end dates for the entire project and each of its activities;

Find out which of the actions have a margin of time, and which require exact compliance with the planned deadline for their implementation.

The sequence of actions in compiling

To draw up a network diagram, you need:

Determine the main actions that need to be addressed in the process of project implementation;

Pre-arrange actions in a logical chain;

Represent this chain graphically, using arrows indicating the sequence of actions;

Arrows (actions) can go both sequentially and in parallel, they can intersect, flow from one another, “jump” through several intermediate actions;

Depending on the needs of the compiler, to fix or not to fix the time allotted for each action in one version, the schedule allows you to calculate the start and end dates of the action, in the other - only to trace their sequence and interdependence.

Compilation principles

When drawing up a network schedule, it is necessary to be guided by some conditions:

An action, work on which cannot begin before another should be completed, is graphically depicted after the previous one;

When planning time, it is necessary to leave a reserve in case of unforeseen complications;

The efficiency of the schedule will be higher if the large quantity project participants;

The graphic representation of actions can go both sequentially and in parallel, have from one to several levels;

Each of the actions can be denoted by an alphabetic or numeric character. This will create convenience in marking notes, classifying actions, and further working with the chart;

The data on the latest and earliest start time of the action are entered into the network nodes.

What does a network diagram look like?

The appearance of the network diagram can be varied and supplemented with important details for the compiler: an indication of the time allotted for each action, numerical or alphabetic designations of actions. A network diagram can be simple and concise.

What does a network diagram look like with critical path analysis

A detailed network diagram contains more information than a simple network diagram.

The information provided in the graph allows you to see activities with and without slack, shows the start and end dates of the activity, and indicates the duration of the activity.

The key characteristic of a single project is its goal or group of goals, united in the mission of the project.
The goal of the project is the desired result of the activity, achieved within the established time interval.
A clearly defined goal is necessary condition project execution. The goal of the project is not only a general setting, it is also a characteristic of achieving this goal. That is, with goal setting, one cannot limit oneself only to hotel settings.
To be meaningful, goals must satisfy a number of characteristics:
1 In this paper, terms are used in accordance with PMI guidelines unless otherwise noted.
First, goals must be specific and measurable. Only by setting measurable goals can you track and evaluate their achievement. Secondly, the goals must be oriented in time, that is, associated with certain planning horizons. Third, the goal must be achievable.
In addition, the goals should support each other, that is, the achievement of one goal should not interfere with the achievement of others.
This means that the goals of the project must be clearly defined, have a clear meaning; the results are measurable, and the specified constraints and requirements are feasible.
For the case with the introduction of CIS, the development of the project goal is a rather difficult task. Since the development of goals is a creative process, there are no specific methods and standards. But certain patterns are inherent in this process.
First of all, the customer of the project needs to clearly articulate his desires regarding the project: why is the CIS being implemented. In addition, it is necessary to take into account the wishes of the enterprise team. After all the wishes have been taken into account, it is necessary to formalize the requirements and bring them to the goals of the project. Further, it is necessary to develop criteria for achieving these goals. Example.
Initially, the goal of the project sounded like "Implementation of CIS". But, acting in accordance with this goal, the customer may not get what he wanted at all. Therefore, the goal must be formalized, divided into measurable subgoals. So, for example, a goal for an enterprise with complex logistics might sound like this: “reduce the transaction costs of the enterprise by 12%.” It is quite difficult to evaluate such a goal, but if it is broken down into sub-goals “reducing inventory by 24% by using MRPII”, “reducing personnel costs by 5% by introducing an automatic system for counting goods in a warehouse”, then it will be much easier to evaluate the result by goals.
Therefore, certain achievable project objectives should be clearly articulated and described. This should essentially become a documented agreement between the parties about the goals and results of the project. This document will allow the customer to understand what he will receive at the end of the work, and the contractor - what needs to be done.
The objectives of the project should be described in a clear and unambiguous manner. The sequence of describing the goals of the project can be as follows:
Project results
description of the goals and results of the project
description of the main economic indicators
Project implementation
Project timeline
Project resources
Adjustment of project goals
Description of alternative and additional targets

1. STATEMENT OF GOALS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

Work on setting goals, tasks, defining work tasks at different stages includes using the pyramid principle, finding weaknesses in individual stages of the project using SMART criteria, identifying hidden problems that, by their unexpected occurrence, can interfere with progress towards the goal.

Having worked out the project for these 3 programs, you can begin to implement it.

PYRAMID OF GOALS

With the help of a pyramid, or a hierarchy of goals, the goal-desire is transformed into a goal-reality. The pyramid breaks down the goals into levels and specifies the stages of work on the project.

Everything that has ever been convened first appeared in someone's imagination.

Symbols, images, details

The vision of the goal can affect such symbols, images, details as numbering, color, sequence, funnyness of the situation, sexuality, associativity, dynamics, any other symbols, hyperbole.

Feel

Defining the mission of the organization is the first real step from the vision of the singing to its implementation.

Field of work

The field of activity of the organization indicates the nature of the services provided to the consumer, includes an algorithm for cooperation with partners and suppliers.

Distinctive features

The distinctive features of the company show how it differs from similar ones, what additional services it provides to the consumer, how its services and products are better than the services and products of similar organizations. Often it is the distinctive features that form the image of the company.

Circle of consumers

Strategic Goals

Strategic goals are also answers to the question: “What should the company do to fulfill its mission?”

Internal goals

External targets

Setting goals concretizes strategic goals, breaks them down into parts, defines clear directions of action necessary to achieve a common result. At the stage of setting goals, the need for resources is determined, revenues are forecast, strategic goals are detailed, and options for the outcome of events are worked out.

Resources and income

It is at this stage that the income that the project can bring is assessed. To predict income, it is necessary to determine the needs for material, financial, human resources.

Development of options

Specific work assignments

Often this stage demonstrates the viability of the project and sets the stage for its continuation or adjustment of goals.

Completion of specific tasks is easily measured using various indicators:

numbers,

dates,

volumes.

Real terms

When planning specific work tasks, it is necessary to strictly observe the start and end dates of work. Deadlines must be realistic: neither too high nor too low.

Minimum problems

Real performance results

Work assignments are characterized by relatively short deadlines: this contributes to more precise control and their smooth implementation.

SMART PRINCIPLES

The SMART principles include 5 criteria that a goal must meet: specificity, measurability, achievability, relevance, time consistency.

The SMART principle is the universal initiator of project success.

Specific

measurable

Remember It is impossible to control the implementation of the task formulated "approximately".

Achievable

If achievability is in doubt, it will be difficult for you to win the support of employees and partners.

The implementation of an inappropriate goal requires time, effort, costs no less than an appropriate one, but usually does not produce any results and, moreover, can be the cause of problems.

Relevant

Tasks, work assignments must have common measurement indicators, be fed by the same resources, and be subject to a single control system.

Time-matched

Tasks and work assignments must be coordinated in time. Planning includes the start and finish time of the implementation of all stages of the project. It is important that the sequence of the alternation of stages is observed so that the deadlines for their completion do not overlap, so that the key points of the project are not scheduled at the same time. Various graphs and charts are used to put this planning principle into practice.

Clear coordination is one of the main principles of successful planning, therefore, close attention is paid to it in the planning process.

IDENTIFYING THE PROBLEM

An incorrectly formulated goal can destroy the entire project.

Wrong goal setting

An incorrectly formulated goal can lead to incorrectly set tasks, illiterately planned work tasks.

Incorrect goal setting leads away, distracts from the main thing, focuses attention on the secondary.

Illiterate work with information

Human factor

Unseen circumstances

Usually, when planning, circumstances are taken into account, the probability of which is almost equal to 100%. If the probability of occurrence of a negative circumstance is low, planners prefer to rely on "at random" and do not take any measures to prevent a possible problem or mitigate its negative consequences.

In the process of working on the plan, it is important to take into account all possible complications and problems, highlight the most important of them, and mark the less dangerous ones. Don't confuse a major complication with a minor problem that won't significantly impact the project.

This text is an introductory piece.

What are the goals and objectives? How to identify them when starting a new project? These issues are of concern not only to modern entrepreneurs, but also to modern schoolchildren. According to the new federal educational standards of the second generation, all students general education schools should be engaged in project or research activities.

goal setting

How to correctly define goals, objectives, methods in a project? It is quite difficult for a child to do this on his own, therefore it is important to support his project activities with an experienced teacher. It is the teacher who helps the student to set the goals and objectives of the work, to choose the methods of conducting the experiment. In order to develop an algorithm for the entire subsequent project, it is important to set the goal correctly. It should be clear, specific, understandable for the student. In addition, it is important that the goals and objectives set are realistic, relevant for a particular area, educational institution.

Goal Setting Examples

Energy saving in the modern educational process is given special attention. The topic is so relevant and timely that the guys often choose it for their own research and development of projects. What is the purpose of such work? For example, to analyze the relationship between measures to insulate an apartment (house) and saving electrical energy. A project concerning the analysis of the psychological attitude of children on educational process, can be offered to high school students. The goals and objectives of this work are related to the study psychological characteristics of each school age, conducting an anonymous sociological survey, analyzing the results. Based on the results obtained, subsequent work is built, methods and technologies for working on the study are selected.

Task selection

In order to correctly select and formulate the main goals and objectives, the analyzed topic should be relevant. What is meant by this term? Of interest are those studies and projects whose results are of practical value for a particular field of activity, a particular region, school, class. For example, determining the level of compliance homework physiological characteristics of schoolchildren is relevant for a separate class. Identification of anthropogenic sources of atmospheric air pollution is relevant for a particular area.

Project examples

Consider several specific projects in which the concept under consideration is implemented. Goals and objectives are set on the basis of the chosen subject of the work. For example, in the work "Sea prowess of Russia" the following goal can be set: to preserve the memory of Pakhtusov Pyotr Kuzmich, who contributed to the development of the territories of the North and their accession to Russian Empire through public information.

The main tasks for such a project can be formulated as follows:

The following idea can be made a hypothesis for the work: the activity of Pyotr Kuzmich Pakhtusov determined an important role in the development of the expanses of the North.

To choose an algorithm of actions, certain methods will be required: collecting information on the research problem, conducting a sociological study, statistical processing of the results obtained.

For the project "Landscape design of a garden plot with your own hands using waste natural materials", the main goal will be to develop with minimal cost individual landscape on a personal plot. You can set the following tasks for the project:

review of landscape design magazines;
choice of materials for work;
analysis of the environmental and economic component of the work;
development of a design project for a personal plot;
conclusions and suggestions on the research problem.

Conclusion

The issue related to the correct choice of goals and setting goals is relevant for all spheres of activity of a modern person. The final result of all work directly depends on the correctness of their formulation.