The concept of the parenchyma. Kidney parenchyma - what is it and what diseases affect it? Types of educational fabrics

Parenchyma - cells that fill the glandular organs, they have an unequal structure. Their composition is different, different from each other. A "bag" of stroma is formed around the parenchyma. Together they form a whole.

Translated from the Greek parenchyma (what is inside), they have their own composition. The glands are filled with epithelium. Nerves are neurons. Diffuse changes in the parenchyma - what does it mean? This is our article.

Pancreas

A person has organs that consist of internal filling (parenchyma) and connecting (stroma). Its basis is glands, divided into particles by connective tissue. All this is in a special "bag". Its functions:

1. Production of enzymes for the digestive system (gland juice).
2. Hormones (insulin) that enter the bloodstream and take part in all body processes.

diffuse changes

It is uniform in its composition. Inflammations, infections modify its structure, connective, adipose tissue appears. The cause of diffuse transformations of the pancreatic parenchyma can be:

1. Increase in blood sugar.
2. Inflammation of the gland.
3. Diseases of nearby organs (liver, gallbladder).
4. Various neoplasms and tumors.
5. Uncontrolled consumption of alcohol and nicotine, unbalanced diet.
6. Stressful situations, overwork, fatigue.
7. genetic failures. Age.

echogenicity

• Normal parenchyma in ultrasound examination of a homogeneous state.
• There should not be any formations in it.
• A clear shape with a smooth contour.
• Size - 35/30/25 mm.
• The length of the duct is about 2 mm.

If there is an increase in volume, uneven edges - we can talk about a low-quality tumor. Increased obstruction is an inflammation of the duct (chronic course of pancreatitis).

Echogenicity is increased. With the growth of indicators, the organ seems to be compacted, moisture comes out of it, various formations appear in the tissues - fibromas, lipomas, tumors. Moderate diffuse changes, a reduced indicator, show an inflammatory process or tissue edema. The principle of echogenicity is the reflection of ultrasonic waves. Its indicator depends on the amount of liquid.

Homogeneity of the gland. Diffuse changes in the pancreatic parenchyma can be manifested in its composition. Enlargement of the organ, blurring of the edge, heterogeneity are signs of severe inflammation.

It causes diffuse compaction, the formation of cysts filled with blood or dying cells. Their size is not constant, it changes depending on the edema. During inflammation, purulent cysts, cancerous tumors appear.

Reactive changes

The pancreas and bile have a single duct. Their parenchymas are closely connected, when inflammation occurs in the liver or in the bile - this causes an allergy, reactive changes in the composition of the gland occur.

With pancreatitis - a violation of the production of enzymes, pain, diabetic manifestations (increased sugar). Diffuse modifications contribute to transformations throughout the organ, without the appearance of any formations or stones. This is one of the most common manifestations of pancreatic disease.

Signs of diffuse changes in the liver parenchyma

What are the dangers of such modifications? First of all, you need to know that this is a hematopoietic organ, consisting of many small capillaries filled with blood. The bile ducts pass through it, delivering bile.

The pathology of the organ can be determined by echo signs. Over time, they undergo changes - this is a constant process. If the work of an organ is disrupted under the influence of adverse conditions, its cells (hepatocytes) transform their structure.

It begins to accumulate fatty, connective tissue. The composition of the liver changes, dying cells, other factors can form various cysts, hemangiomas. There are signs of hepatomegaly (enlargement of the liver in volume).

Diffuse changes can be pronounced and weak. Minor occur during colds, infectious diseases. Signs and symptoms:

1. Unpleasant drawing pains in the region of the liver after eating.
2. Its protrusion from under the ribs, an increase in size.
3. Bitter bite in the mouth.
4. Skin rashes on the body, yellowing.
5. General weakness, irritability.

These signs are a reason to see a doctor. Changes in the structure of an organ can cause serious illnesses:

Reasons for diffuse changes:

• Bad habits. Alcohol, nicotine.
• Unbalanced nutrition. Fried, smoked, salty food.
• Diabetes of the second type. Hormonal disbalance.
• Constant use of medications.

Our liver is able to cleanse the body of harmful substances, when they arrive at an acceptable rate. When toxic components are constantly supplied, such as alcohol, or in a shock dose (mushroom poisoning), she is unable to cope.

Then the pancreas and liver work in "emergency mode", causing diffuse transformations of these organs.

Focal

There are several such liver lesions:

1. Cysts are of different types.
2. Tumors (benign, cancerous).
3. Mechanical damage.

During ultrasound, a change in the organ is determined. What is it if the echogenicity is increased. Increased is a pathology that is characterized by dystrophy. In the liver, blood circulation is disturbed, it receives less nutrients, fatty tissues grow, and its volume increases.

There are many reasons for this state of affairs. It could be:

1. Alcohol defeat.
2. diabetic deposits.
3. Taking certain medications.

This pathology requires medication, diet, lifestyle changes.

There are three types of damage:

• Steatosis - when the increase is due to the deposition of fat.
• Fibrosis is the formation of scars, disruption of organ function.
• Cirrhosis is the destruction of the liver.

If you do not start treatment on time, then the third stage will quickly come.

Spleen

It is another hematopoietic organ. Its stroma is composed of muscular (reticular) tissue that forms small loops. They are filled with blood cells and macrophages.

This part of the spleen is called the red pulp, it occupies almost the entire organ, if the white one is leukocytes that produce antibodies - this is the spleen parenchyma.

Thyroid

Produces hormones to support the work of all organs, is supplied with big amount blood vessels. This is necessary so that the hormones quickly enter the bloodstream. It consists of two lobes, the thyroid parenchyma contains thyrocytes. They produce a hormone, without which serious disturbances in the functioning of the body occur.

Diffuse modifications of the thyroid parenchyma are detected by ultrasound examination. Its echogenicity changes, the reflection of waves from the organ also transforms. What happens in the proportions is established with the help of additional analyzes.

Reasons for diffuse modifications:

1. Lack of iodine.
2. Improper hormone production (increase, decrease).
3. Environmental impact (increased background radiation).
4. inflammatory processes.

Modifications in the structure of the gland lead to various goiters (endemic, mixed, diffuse). How does it manifest itself? What signs appear? Symptoms of thyroid diseases:

• Change in structure, increase in volume, appearance of foci.
• Deterioration of the general state of health (weakness, drowsiness, irritability).
• Dry skin and hair.
• Distracted attention, inability to concentrate.

Lungs

Their parenchyma is formed by a large number of alveoli, a vascular network. The cells are filled with air and take part in gas exchange. Parenchymal diseases include:

1. Pneumonia.
2. Pulmonary edema.
3. Airway obstruction.
4. Neoplasms.

Inflammatory processes, smoking, harmful working conditions lead to diffuse changes in the organ.

Brain

Its parenchyma is separated from the vascular part by a special BBB barrier. It provides an exchange between the brain and blood. With injuries, tumors, inflammation, a breakdown occurs, which leads to serious consequences.

Violation of the parenchyma, which consists of neurons (nerve cells) can lead to loss of vision, hearing, mental disorders, and severe headaches.
The brain is an organ that is not fully understood. Its inner part is considered the most unpredictable.

The term parenchyma is understood by specialists in different fields in their own way. For biologists, this is a loose internal tissue of plants that fills trunks and stems. In medicine, parenchyma is functionally active epithelial cells that form the basis of glandular organs. The condition of the kidneys is determined by the thickness of the parenchyma; in the liver, it becomes denser when the work of the organ is disrupted.

If translated from Greek, then the parenchyma is a mass that fills the space. It is enough to take any plant. The stems have a dense outer shell, bark and a loose core, along which moisture with nutrients rises, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and other substances no longer needed by the plant descend.

A similar structure, but more diverse, have the internal human glands. The stroma is the outer dense tissue, on all organs it consists of the same cells. The parenchyma under it looks loose against its background, and in each organ it has its own functions and significance. Only in the spleen, the hematopoietic cells of the parenchyma and stroma are the same. Iron actually does not have a dense protective shell.

Parenchyma is a collection of cellular elements of an organ that perform its specific function.

Parenchyma is a tissue whose cells perform the main functions of an organ - a gland. Under the microscope, you can see that each cell is surrounded by small capillaries. It is through them that the necessary substances come for processing, and oxygen, amino acids, and minerals useful for the body leave through the blood vessels.

Parenchyma cells in organs make up different parts of the total volume of the organ. The largest number of cells in the glands:

• spleen;
• liver;
• kidneys;
• prostate;
• ovaries;
• lungs;
• pancreas.

kidney parenchyma

These organs in medicine are called parenchymal, since most of the tissues in them are represented by the parenchyma.

If you look at the glandular organs with a strong magnification, you will see how trabeculae extend from the outer stroma into the inside - dense bridges that divide it into sectors - nodes. The space in the nodes is filled with loose tissue - the parenchyma.

It is impossible to give the same description to parenchyma cells from different organs. It has the following general characteristics:

• tightly connected to the stroma;
• loose;
• surrounded by a large number of vessels.

Stalk parenchyma under microscope with scattered veins

In the spleen, it produces blood, in the lungs it saturates it with oxygen, in the kidneys it takes lymph, salts and toxins, and creates urine. She represents different kinds fabrics:

• epithelial;
• hematopoietic;
• nerve cells.

Epithelial completely fills the liver. In the kidneys, it is in a layer of 11 - 25 mm under the shell, fills the space between the glomeruli, cups.

The hematopoietic parenchyma is represented in the spleen; the organ consists almost entirely of it. The nodes of the nervous system are created from nerve cells.

In the human body, the most often painful changes in the parenchyma occur in:

• liver;
• kidneys;
• thyroid gland;
• prostate.

Changes in the parenchyma are not an independent disease. This is a consequence of the pathology that has already arisen in the organ.

In the kidneys and liver most often occur:

• tumor;
• tissue diffusion;
• reactive changes;
• amyloidosis of the kidneys;
• salt accumulation - calcification;
• thinning;
• cyst.

Benign tumors are diagnosed as adenoma, oncocytoma, angymilioma. They have no symptoms for initial stage just like cancer. Plain X-ray does not show changes in tissues. Only in the liver do the rays penetrate worse when the tissue becomes denser.

Diffusion of the parenchyma is due to viral infections, disturbances in the functioning of the liver, endocrine system. Diffusion occurs against the background of diseases:

• pancreatitis;
• hepatitis;
• cirrhosis;
• urolithiasis disease;
• fatty infiltration;
• the formation of kidney stones;
• diabetes.

The cause of diffusion - thinning of the layer in the kidneys, is age. After 55 years, for a person, a parenchyma size of 11 mm is the norm.

Amyloidosis occurs in the kidneys in violation of protein-carbon metabolism. The amyloid protein is deposited in the tissues. Its accumulation causes kidney failure, the death of nephrons - the working cells of the kidneys, and their replacement with connective tissue.

Reactive tissue changes are often accompanied by pain. They occur as a result of inflammation and may be accompanied by an increase in blood glucose levels and dyspepsia - disturbances in the work of the stomach, slow digestion of food.

Calcification is the accumulation of calcium salts in the kidneys and bladder. Pathology appears as a result of acute forms of diseases:

• glomerulonephritis;
• pneumonia;
• tuberculosis.

Calcification - accumulation of calcium salts in the kidneys, bladder

External symptoms include sand in the urine, swelling, and back pain. Often occurs in women.

Thinning - drying out, a decrease in the kidneys and liver occurs when the body is intoxicated with drugs. Usually this is a consequence of an overdose or improper therapeutic treatment. Compression of the organ can occur due to an infectious disease.

A cyst is a benign formation, an outgrowth of thin tissue with a serous fluid inside.

Conventional x-rays are not able to show changes in the parenchyma in the picture. It only denotes the contour of the organ and the dense tissues of the skeleton. X-rays use a contrast agent. It is injected into a blood vessel just before it enters the kidney or is drunk by the patient and after a certain time, when the composition reaches the kidney, pictures are taken and the dynamics of the kidneys are observed on the screen.

The contrast agent is not absorbed into the blood, it reflects x-rays. As a result, the size of the pelvis, calyces, the thickness of the parenchyma and deviations in its shape and size are clearly visible on the image.

The disadvantage of fluoroscopy in a large dose of radiation. At present, it is rarely used, since there are other more safe methods diagnosing:

MRI is a modern diagnostic technique that has significantly expanded the capabilities of doctors in identifying various diseases.

In the study of the kidneys and liver, a change in the echogenicity of the parenchyma, a change in the density of the tissue, the formation of lacunae and tumors in it is recorded. Since these changes are a consequence, it is necessary to examine the patient and determine the cause of the pathology.

Changes in the parenchyma are caused by other diseases. Basically they are provoked by a virus. The patient is prescribed antibiotics, a sparing diet, reduced stress or being at rest in a hospital setting. At this time, the patient is examined, the localization of inflammation, viral infection is determined.

After the diagnosis is clarified, the detected disease is treated. Parenchyma cells are capable of regeneration, self-healing. In most cases, after the cause of the pathology is eliminated, they are restored to normal volume.

Malignant tumors require immediate surgical intervention. Chemotherapy and, if necessary, surgery are performed in oncology.

Liver tissues recover slowly, with intensive therapy. After elimination of the focus of the viral disease, a long-term rehabilitation therapy of the liver parenchyma is carried out. It includes a diet that excludes spicy foods, spices, animal protein.

One of the causes of tissue destruction is the liver fluke. It infects the body, penetrates the bile ducts and drinks the blood, making moves in the liver tissues. Restorative anthelmintic therapy also includes drugs that strengthen the immune system, herbs.

PARENCHYMA (correctly pronounce parenchyma) (from the Greek para-about, near and en-cheo-pour, fill). In the present time, this word has lost the meaning of the term, but is still used in descriptive terms and in a microscope. anatomy in the same sense as in antiquity. Namely, to designate the proper substance of large glands and iron-like organs: the liver, spleen, kidneys, lungs, etc., in contrast to the dense shell (capsula, tunica) that dresses these organs and the partitions extending from this shell in some cases ( septa) or trabeculae. The word P. has entered modern morphology since the time of Blumenbach. Nowadays, the word parenchyma is used purely descriptively, and this name denotes structures that often have nothing in common with each other either in morphological, let alone in funkts. relation. This word is in the modern scientific language a relic of medieval concepts that has lost its meaning, and therefore modern morphologists try to avoid using it. Usually the concept of P. is opposed to the concept of stroma, under the Crimea is understood the connective tissue basis of the organ, the inside of which is filled with pulp-parenchyma. The stroma is built from dense connective tissue rich in elastic fibers; often it contains smooth muscle fibers. Anatomically, the stroma usually breaks up into a capsule surrounding the organ, from which trabeculae or septa extend into the organ, which causes the frequent division of the voluminous glandular organ into lobes and lobules. Through the capsule, along the trabeculae, the circulatory and lymphatics that feed it, vessels, and nerves penetrate into the organ. That. the structure of a glandular or iron-like organ is as follows: outside is a connective tissue fibrous capsule, from it the same trabeculae go inside, carrying blood vessels and nerves, and the space between them and the capsule is filled with the working part of the gland-pulp, or parenchyma. Through the same connective tissue septa, excretory ducts exit the organ, carrying out the secretion products of the organ (if we are dealing with an exocrine gland). However sometimes opposition of a stroma and P. becomes essentially impossible - in case of a spleen or limf, a node and P. and a stroma consist of connecting fabric, though and various character. Strictly speaking, it is impossible to compare between themselves P. of different organs, because, as indicated above, this word denotes structures that have nothing in common with each other. In fact, eg. The "parenchyma" of the liver, consisting of epithelial glandular tissue, and the "parenchyma" of the spleen, consisting of reticular connective tissue with its derivatives, differ sharply from each other and originate from different germ layers(endodermal parenchyma of the liver and mesodermal P. of the spleen), and according to the method of embryonic development, and according to the prospective potencies of their constituent elements (highly differentiated and specialized glandular liver cells, on the one hand, and pluripotent reticular cells and spleen lymphocytes that preserve the embryonic character, on the other ), and of course by function. There is also little in common between the "parenchyma" of other organs, for example. between the P. of the ovary and the thyroid gland, etc. Often the P. of an organ is complex, and its constituent parts are sharply different in origin, in properties, and in functions. Such is eg. the difference between the connective tissue P. of the cortical part of the thymus gland and the epithelial P. of the brain part of it, or between the P. of the cortical layer of the adrenal gland, which originates from the coelomic epithelium, and the P. of its brain part, which has a neurogenic origin. However in both cases this complex P. is in the general capsule. The examples given confirm the indefiniteness of the concept of P. and the undesirability of using this word in the scientific language. Along with the word P., the expression "parenchymal" is sometimes used to refer to "formations rich in P. (eg, parenchymal organs), as well as various changes if they concern mainly P. (eg, parenchymal degeneration, parenchymal inflammation). V. Aleshin .

Tissues are structures made up of many similar cells that share common functions. All multicellular animals and plants (with the exception of algae) are composed of various types of tissues.

What are the fabrics?

They are divided into four types:

• epithelial;
• muscular;
• connecting;
• nervous tissue.

All of them, with the exception of the nervous one, are subdivided, in turn, into types. So, the epithelium can be cubic, flat, cylindrical, ciliated and sensitive. Muscle tissues are divided into striated, smooth and cardiac. The connective group combines fatty, dense fibrous, loose fibrous, reticular, bone and cartilage, blood and lymph.

Plant tissues are of the following types:

• educational;
• conductive;
• coverslips;
• excretory (secretory);
• underlying tissue (parenchyma).

All of them are divided into subgroups. So, to include apical, intercalary, lateral and wound. Conductors are divided into xylem and phloem. combine three types: epidermis, cork and crust. Mechanical is divided into collenchyma and sclerenchyma. Secretory tissue is not divided into types. And the main tissue of plants, like all others, is of several types. Let's consider them in more detail.

What is the main tissue of plants?

There are four types of it. So, the main fabric happens:

• aquifer;
• air-bearing;
• assimilation;
• storage.

They have a similar structure, but have some differences from each other. The functions of the basic tissues of these four species are also somewhat different.

The structure of the main tissue: general characteristics

The main tissue of all four species consists of living cells with thin walls. Tissues of this type are so called because they form the basis of all the vital organs of the plant. Now let's look at the functions and structure of the main tissues of each type separately in more detail.

Aquifer tissue: structure and functions

The main tissue of this species is built from large cells with thin walls. The vacuoles of the cells of this tissue contain a special mucous substance, which is designed to retain moisture.

The function of an aquifer is to store moisture.

The water-bearing parenchyma is found in the stems and leaves of plants such as cacti, agave, aloe and others growing in arid climates. Thanks to this fabric, the plant can stock up on water in case there is no rain for a long time.

Features of the air parenchyma

The cells of the main tissue of this species are located at a distance from each other. Between them are intercellular spaces in which air is stored.

The function of this parenchyma is that it supplies the cells of other plant tissues with carbon dioxide and oxygen.

Such tissue is present mainly in the body of marsh and aquatic plants. It is rare in land animals.

Assimilation parenchyma: structure and functions

It consists of medium-sized cells with thin walls.

Inside the cells of the assimilation tissue, there are a large number of chloroplasts - organelles responsible for photosynthesis.

These organelles have two membranes. Inside the chloroplasts are thylakoids - disc-shaped sacs with the enzymes they contain. They are collected in piles - grains. The latter are interconnected with the help of lamellae - elongated structures similar to thylakoids. In addition, chloroplasts contain starch inclusions, ribosomes necessary for protein synthesis, and their own RNA and DNA.

The process of photosynthesis - production organic matter from inorganic under the action of enzymes and solar energy - occurs precisely in the thylakoids. The main enzyme that provides these chemical reactions called chlorophyll. This substance is green (it is thanks to him that the leaves and stems of plants have such a color).

So, the functions of the main tissues of this species are the photosynthesis mentioned above, as well as gas exchange.

Assimilation tissue is most developed in leaves and upper layers of stems. herbaceous plants. It is also present in green fruits. Assimilation tissue is not located on the very surface of the leaves and stems, but under the transparent protective skin.

Features of the storage parenchyma

The cells of this tissue are characterized as medium in size. Their walls are usually thin, but can be thickened.

The function of the storage parenchyma is to store nutrients. As such, in most cases, starch, inulin, and other carbohydrates serve, and sometimes proteins, amino acids and fats.

This type of tissue is found in the embryos of the seeds of annual plants, as well as in the endosperm. In perennial grasses, bushes, flowers and trees, storage tissue can be found in bulbs, tubers, root crops, and also in the core of the stem.

Conclusion

The main tissue is the most important in the plant body, as it is the basis of all organs. Tissues of this type provide all vital processes, including photosynthesis and gas exchange. Also, the main tissues are responsible for creating stocks of organic substances (starch in the largest amount) in the plants themselves, as well as in their seeds. In addition to nutrient organic compounds, air and water can be stored in the parenchyma. Not all plants possess air and water-bearing tissues. The former are present only in desert varieties, and the latter in swamp varieties.

The kidneys are a paired organ that is part of the urinary system. They regulate the process of hemostasis, thanks to the function of urine formation.

The surface of the kidneys is covered with parenchyma. The parenchyma of the kidneys performs the most important functions in the body: control of electrolyte levels, blood purification. Thus, the kidneys are parenchymal organs. What it is and what diseases it is prone to, we learn further.

What it is?

The renal parenchyma is the tissue that makes up the kidneys. It consists of two layers: cerebral and cortical.

Under a microscope, the cortical layer is visible as a set of small balls braided with vessels. In them urinary fluid is formed. The medulla contains millions of pathways through which urinary fluid enters the renal pelvis.

Normal sizes adult kidneys:

• length - up to 120 mm;
• width - up to 60 mm.

The thickness of the parenchyma changes throughout life. Normal indicators are as follows:

• Children under 16 years old - 13-16 mm.
• Adults 17-60 years old - 16-21 mm.
• After 60 years - 11 mm.

The cortical layer of the parenchyma has thickness from 8 to 10 mm. The structure of the parenchyma is not homogeneous, it differs in individual characteristics.

Sometimes there is such an organ structure as a partial doubling of the kidney. At the same time, a parenchymal constriction (bridge) is visualized, which divides the body into two parts. This is a variant of the norm and does not cause concern to a person.

What size of renal PCS should normally be in adults and children, read in our article.

Functions of the parenchyma

The parenchyma is very vulnerable, it is the first to react to any pathological processes in the body. As a result, the parenchyma decreases or increases.

If the changes are not related to age, a full examination should be performed to identify the underlying cause.

The main function of the parenchyma is urine excretion, which takes place in two stages:

1. formation of primary urine;
2. formation of secondary urine.

The glomerular system of the kidneys absorbs fluid that has entered the body. Thus, primary urine is formed. Then the reabsorption process begins, during which nutrients and part of the water are returned to the body.

The parenchyma ensures the removal of toxins and toxins, maintains a normal volume of fluid in the body.

What threatens the change in the parenchyma?

According to the thickness of the parenchyma, the doctor can assess the condition of the kidneys. Changes in the parenchyma indicate an inflammatory process in the kidneys, which has developed as a result of untimely treatment of renal disease.

thinning

Thinning of the parenchyma can be said if its thickness is less than 1 cm.

This indicates serious renal pathologies that have long-term chronic course. If the disease proceeds slowly, then the parenchyma becomes thinner gradually. During an exacerbation, thinning occurs rapidly and the organ can lose its functions, which poses a direct threat to life.

The main reasons for thinning:

• kidney infections;
• viral diseases (flu);
• inflammation of the kidneys;
• incorrect treatment of renal diseases.

Thickening

An increase in the size of the parenchyma is also symptom of serious kidney damage. Among these diseases:

With any pathological change in the parenchyma, the main function of the kidneys is impaired. They are no longer able to remove harmful substances from the body. The patient has signs of intoxication:

• temperature increase;
• pain when urinating;
• swelling of the legs and arms;
• , changing its color.

If one kidney is affected, then the second one compensates for the violations, taking over all the functions. The greatest danger is damage to both kidneys. If the disease is started, then the kidneys will never be able to work normally. The only chance to prolong life will be a regular or kidney transplant.

Tumors

Thickening of the parenchyma is dangerous because it increases the risk formation of growths in the kidneys. According to statistics, most growths are of a malignant nature. The main symptoms are:

• sudden weight loss;
• phlebeurysm;
• increase in blood pressure;
• sharp jumps in temperature.

When cancer is detected at an early stage, an operation is performed to remove the tumor or the entire kidney. Thus increases the likelihood of patient survival.

Another one common cause thickening of the parenchyma - cystic growths. They are formed due to fluid retention in the nephrons. Typically, such cysts are up to 10 cm in size. After removal of the cyst, the kidney parenchyma acquires normal thickness.

echogenicity

Also a warning sign is increased echogenicity of the kidney. This condition is determined by ultrasound. An increase in echogenicity indicates diseases such as:

• diabetic nephropathy;
• endocrine system disorders;
• extensive inflammatory processes.

Diffuse changes in organs

Diffuse changes in the kidneys are not an independent disease, but a set of signs indicating pathological processes.

On ultrasound, the doctor reveals diffuse lesions (see photo below), which can be weak or pronounced. The final paper describes the parenchymal changes as follows:

• Echoten, calculosis. This means the presence of sand or kidney stones.
• Volumetric formations are cysts, tumors, inflammations.
• Echo-positive formations of heterogeneous texture - a cancerous tumor.
• Echo-negative foci - necrotic lesion.
• Anechoic formation - cyst.
• Hyperechoic zone - lipoma,.
• Irregularity of the contour of the kidneys, asymmetry in size - pyelonephritis in an advanced stage.

Diffuse changes can manifest themselves with the following symptoms:

1. The appearance of blood in the urine.
2. Pain when urinating.
3. Pain in the lower back.
4. Chills.
5. Edema.

If the above symptoms appear, you should consult a doctor for differential diagnosis.

How to restore the renal parenchyma?

Therapy depends on the cause of the pathology.

Inflammatory diseases treated with antibacterial drugs. Also, the patient is prescribed a special diet, bed rest. In cases of tumors, urolithiasis, surgical treatment is used.

Tuberculosis of the kidneys treated with special anti-tuberculosis drugs: Isoniazid, Streptomycin. The duration of therapy is more than a year. At the same time, the affected tissue of the organ is removed.

You can not self-medicate, so as not to transfer the disease to an advanced stage, when irreversible changes occur in the kidney.

If changes in the renal parenchyma are suspected, a complete examination should be performed in order to determine the choice of therapy. Most of these conditions are reversible.

How diffuse changes in the kidney parenchyma look on ultrasound, see the video: