What will happen if the trees disappear. Why are forests disappearing and what does this mean for humanity?
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Recently, scientists from Yale University created a detailed map of the density of forests on Earth and calculated that there are about three trillion trees growing on our planet. They provide us with oxygen, moderate the climate and make the Earth a beautiful place to live.
Before the development of human civilization, there were about six trillion trees. People have already cut down half of the trees during their existence. About 10 billion more are cut down every year. At this rate, in 300 years we will have no forests left at all.
But what if you don’t wait and imagine that all the trees will disappear right now?
In the first seconds, you may not notice anything. But in a big city it will suddenly become louder. Because trees perfectly absorb noise , being acoustic filters. Sounds are well reflected from the hard surfaces of walls and roads, but porous soft leaves absorb them. A strip of trees 30 meters wide can reduce road noise by 5-10 decibels, that is, almost 10 times.
We won't suffocate right away. Firstly, trees produce only 30% of all oxygen. Most of it comes from marine organisms, algae and phytoplankton. Secondly, there is now about 21% oxygen in the Earth’s atmosphere, and a person needs at least 17% to breathe. It will take at least 200 years before we “exhale” the entire supply of oxygen.
As the trees disappear, we will begin to notice more frequent flooding. Trees absorb huge amounts of moisture during heavy rains . Following this, rapid soil erosion will begin. The rapid entry of large amounts of earth into rivers and lakes will lead to algal blooms and the death of many aquatic animals and plants.
Find out more about this amazing tree. It grows 40 types of fruits and nuts!
Sources of clean water will become increasingly scarce. And, oddly enough, droughts will follow the floods. After all, the moisture that trees absorb during rains is given back in the form of evaporation from the surfaces of the leaves. There will be periods of floods and periods of drought.
And now we come to a harsh climate, a shortage of drinking water and a decrease in the planet’s biodiversity.
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Conversation
If the trees disappear
Progress: we go on a journey into the forest, where there are certain rules for all the inhabitants. Look at the pictures depicting animals, plants, birds, insects living in the forest. Select all the cards with pictures of plants: pine, oak, spruce, rowan, birch, aspen, hazel. After checking the correctness of execution, the teacher gives the following task: find the animals that feed on these plants. This group includes: caterpillars, butterflies, beetles, bees, butterflies, herbivores (mice, hares, moose, wild boars). Now find those who feed on those located on the other flannelgraph. These are insectivores: birds, hedgehogs, foxes and other small predators. Here is a chain: oak - acorns - mice - fox. If you destroy or cut down trees, the natural balance will be disrupted: birds will have nowhere to live, animals will have nothing to eat, and the lower layer of the ecosystem will disappear. What needs to be done to avoid harming the forest? What reminder signs will tell us? (Children choose the appropriate signs: do not cut down trees, do not break branches, do not damage the bark, do not leave garbage in the forest).
Conclusion: guys, do you understand the rules by which the inhabitants of the forest live? (children's statements) Nobody breaks these rules, everyone in the forest needs each other, everyone is useful.
Conversation
Why does the earth feed us
Target: introduce children to the components that make up soil. Cultivate cognitive interest and develop research skills.
Preliminary work: the day before, talk about soil, look at illustrations of different soils, invite children to conduct several simple experiments to find out what components are included in the composition of soil
1. Take a lump of dry soil and put it in water: we noticed the appearance of bubbles on the lump. Through experiment, we determined that there is air in the soil.
2. Heat a lump of soil over a fire and hold a cold glass over it: the glass will become covered with drops of water. What conclusion can we draw? There is water in the soil.
We will find out the rest later...
Progress of the conversation: Want to know what else is in the soil. Let's do another experiment. Let's heat the soil. An unpleasant odor appears. What conclusion can we draw?
We don't know.
This burns humus, i.e., the remains of plants and animals that are contained in the soil. What else is in the soil? It turns out that the soil contains sand and clay. In order to prove this, we need to do an experiment: let's calcinate the soil to a gray color. This color is formed after the combustion of humus. Place the remaining soil in a glass of water and mix. After some time, we will see that sand has settled to the bottom of the glass, and a layer of clay on top.
Bottom line: what conclusion can we draw? Soil contains water, air, humus, sand, and clay. What can you call such soil? Fertile. Let's plant oats in different soils (in three pots): sandy, clayey and fertile, black soil. Let's see how the planted plants develop. In a week the seeds will sprout, in two weeks we’ll see the difference. In fertile soil, the sprouts are taller, stronger, juicier, brighter. In the other two pots the sprouts are weaker. Conclusion: in fertile soil, plants produce the best harvest; such soil feeds us, because it contains many substances useful for plant growth.
Conversation
Birth of a Forest
Target: generalize children's ideas about typical ecosystems: forest, meadow. Develop the ability to independently establish relationships in ecosystems: when any living organisms in the community disappear, environmental conditions change. Which can lead to the death of other organisms. To consolidate children's knowledge about the rules of behavior in ecosystems.
Material: paintings “Forest after a fire”, “Trampled meadow”, geographical map of Russia.
On the eve of the conversation, does the teacher bring into the group a card with distress symbols (SOS) on it? He suggests looking at it, remembering in what cases a distress signal is given. Children remember that on the map forests are indicated in green, plains in yellow, and reservoirs in blue.
The teacher suggests looking at the painting “Forest after the fire.” What do you think happened here? (children's assumptions) You can't breathe from the forest fire and smoke. Smoke covers the sun. Fire penetrates deep into the ground and destroys the roots of plants. Nothing holds the soil; it is carried away by wind and water. Gullies are formed. All the inhabitants of the forest disappear and die. Help!!! Why does a forest die after a fire?
Children build a chain: the plants have died - there is nowhere for plants, birds, insects to live and nothing to eat. Dead plants do not release oxygen, the air becomes lifeless. This is harmful to people's health. How can we fix this? Children list the plants of the forest, select pictures with their images, and remember how the plants are distributed among the floors. Didactic game “Who will return to the forest?” Grass grew and insects and small terrestrial animals appeared. Shrubs grew and insectivorous birds appeared. The trees grew and the animals and birds living on them returned. Children build chains by arranging object pictures.
What needs to be done to create a forest? Sow grass, plant shrubs, young trees.
Questions to discuss with children:
What rules of conduct in the forest must be followed to prevent accidents from occurring?
What plants grow first after a fire?
How long does it take for the forest to rustle again at the site of the fire?
Conversation
What happens if you kill insects
Goal: to consolidate children’s knowledge about the food dependence of forest inhabitants. Learn to build food chains in the forest. To educate children in a humane, environmentally appropriate attitude towards nature.
Materials: cards with images of animals, plants, birds, insects, twine for the ecological game “Food Chains”, flannelgraph, models of inanimate nature “Sun, Air, Water”.
Guys, today we will go on a trip to a forest clearing (meadow). A meadow is an open space, it is light, warm, and has a lot of sunlight. Various plants grow there: daisies, clover, carnations, cereal grasses. Insects always fly above them: butterflies, bumblebees, mosquitoes, dragonflies. They sit on one flower. Then they fly to another, feed on their juice, and collect nectar. On their body, legs, and abdomen they transfer pollen from one flower to another, i.e., they pollinate them. Therefore, there are many flowers growing in the meadow. All the inhabitants of the meadow are not random plants and animals. They all need each other. Now listen to V. Bianchi’s fairy tale “The Owl”. After reading the fairy tale, the teacher offers to figure out why the cow’s milk became low and it became liquid. Invite the children to lay out on a flannelgraph a chain of interconnected objects of the meadow community: an owl - catches mice - few mice - many insects - a lot - clover - good milk from a cow - a satisfied old man. And the reverse chain: no owl - many mice - few insects - little clover - skinny cow - bad milk - disgruntled old man.
So, we can conclude: in nature everything is interconnected: plants, animals, insects. Everyone needs and is useful to each other.
What do you think will happen if there are no mosquitoes or midges?
(children's thoughts)
It will kill itself - the answer lies in the wording of your question. In general, humanity today is not so stupid as to cut down all the forests. But let's reason.
Firstly, you need to understand that any deforestation leads to the replacement of one natural community by another. Previously, there was a forest in a certain area, certain organisms lived in the forest: various groups of plants that were “suited” to the forest’s lighting, humidity and other factors, animals that could also exist in these environmental factors and which had something to eat here, as well as mushrooms and bacteria, and probably other groups of organisms. All these organisms in a given territory existed in interconnection with each other: they form food chains, networks, the vital activity of animals depends on the production of plants, etc. Now the forest has been cut down: herbaceous plants can no longer exist in such light, herbivores have nothing to eat, because the plants that served them as food have died out. Detritivores (animals and protozoans that eat litter) will decompose the remains of organisms, producing minerals in enormous quantities. The equilibrium in the community has been shifted, but no, it will not die, it will begin to CHANGE - in scientific terms, succession will occur, i.e. replacement of one community by another. Now other species will develop here, for which the resulting conditions are more suitable, the top layer of soil will change, processes will change, but the community will exist and develop further. If all the forests on Earth are cut down, then other natural communities will form in their place.
Secondly, forests produce huge amounts of oxygen and organic matter through the process of photosynthesis. Especially if we talk about tropical forests - these are the most productive terrestrial ecosystems, i.e. they form the largest amount of primary products necessary for the life of other organisms, in the process of photosynthesis. If you cut down all the forests, the amount of oxygen and organic matter produced will decrease significantly. But, on the other hand, the cost of breathing will decrease: do not forget that plants also breathe, inhaling oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide, i.e. the amount of oxygen on Earth will drop greatly, but the need for it will drop accordingly. True, I think that due to industrial activity, our demands for oxygen as one of the components of inhaled air are still higher than what other forms of plants can give us.
Man, by his very nature, interferes too much in the affairs of nature - but we consider ourselves superior to everyone, forgetting who we really are. But nature is not as stupid as we think - even if all of humanity dies out, destroying forests or depleting fresh water supplies, it can still find a way to break out of chaos and establish balance within itself.
Well, returning to the question: humanity will be left without the opportunity to pick mushrooms, enjoy the beauty of nature, and will suffer due to the low percentage of oxygen and the fact that it cannot even get out to the dacha and go to the forest. All natural communities of the Earth will be changed and, probably, in order to restore them, worldwide succession will begin. It is difficult to predict how this will happen, but global deforestation is clearly not going to end well, and anyway, why do we need it?
We wake up one morning, go out into the street and see... In the city, it’s unlikely that anything will catch our eye the first time, but outside of it we’ll immediately notice - there are houses around, pillars, a road, and besides them, there’s not much to see what to catch. There are no trees or grass. Just bare earth and asphalt everywhere, animals roaming in search of food and birds darting across the sky...
And all this because all the plants have disappeared. That's it - since they are not found anywhere else on Earth. And what awaits us in the future? It would seem - well, no, and okay, we’ll get used to it and continue to live. But in reality, everything is not so simple.
Of course, vegetarians will be the first to experience the shock - plant foods will first jump in price and cost much more than gold. Very quickly she will be gone. We will have to switch to animal and synthetic food, but there simply won’t be enough industrial capacity to cover demand. Hunger is what awaits humanity in the first few days. A half-starved existence on animal and artificial food will not last long.
Plants are the most important link in the food chain. All forms of life on Earth depend on plants in one way or another. Herbivores eat only plants. A huge mass of the population of rivers, lakes and oceans eat various algae. It would seem - so what, there will be no cows - they will learn how to make artificial milk. Is it a big problem? Yes, it's great!
All species of animals that feed exclusively on plant foods will become extinct very quickly. Only the predators will remain. For some time they will have food - those same half-living herbivores, and then they will simply begin to destroy each other. As they say, hunger is not a problem. Moreover, starving humanity will begin to intensively exterminate first domestic animals, and then everyone in a row, and they are more dangerous than all predators combined. When they end, what awaits us? Maybe cannibalism?
The day will come when there will not be a single animal and not a single person left on Earth, except perhaps flies and some other insects, for which there will still be food left in the form of the corpses of the last dead. What will remain are bacteria and protozoa that feed on inorganic food. Perhaps, in millions of years, new forms of animal and plant life will emerge from them. Or maybe they will be something in between, taking into account this zigzag of evolution...
In light of total extinction from starvation, is it worth mentioning such an important role of plants as oxygen production? Hardly. Hunger will overtake us faster than the oxygen will run out, especially considering the rapidly decreasing number of living people. People will have much more serious concerns to go to work under the threat of complete extinction. It is unlikely that factories will continue to smoke the sky - soon there will simply be no one to work for them. Accordingly, all environmentally harmful transport will also stop.
But billions of dead animals and people dying on the streets will create another problem - the threat of global epidemics. They will greatly accelerate the process of destruction of the world as we know it. So you shouldn’t be so careless with “non-living” bushes and herbs. Without them we are nothing.