Heat-resistant tiles for stoves and fireplaces. Finishing stoves with ceramic tiles Fireproof stone-look tiles

The modern design of a private house in no way abandons traditions, but only emphasizes all their advantages. Today it is difficult to imagine a cottage or dacha without a fireplace or a real stove, because this is the real heart of the home: it is hot, alive, and kind. Under no circumstances should you throw away the stoves from the house you inherited from your grandparents. They will become a “highlight”, a kind of designer feature of the new interior. And covering the old surface with heat-resistant ceramic tiles will help with this. She is the one who turns unsightly fireplaces and stoves into unique works of art.

Fireproof ceramic tiles: heat-resistant tiles for fireplaces and stoves

Cladding tiles consist mainly of clay, glaze, and water. All this is compressed and fired at fairly high temperatures. Heat-resistant tiles differ from ordinary ceramic tiles, first of all, in their water absorption coefficient, which should be no more than 3%. Fireproof stove tiles can withstand temperatures of more than 1000 degrees Celsius.

This stove finish has a number of advantages. In addition to strength and heat resistance, another big advantage is its aesthetics. A stove or fireplace will fit perfectly into any interior, be it a luxurious classic or a strict hi-tech, you just need to choose the necessary pattern and texture.

Heat-resistant tiles are very easy to care for: they can be easily washed with ordinary soapy water. Another important factor is that the furnace thermal coating does not allow flue gases to pass through. And of course, it is worth mentioning separately that the fire-resistant cladding is durable.

Fireproof tiles come in several types. These include: terracotta (one of the first types of ceramics, an unglazed product with a highly porous structure), majolica (improved glazed terracotta), clinker tiles (outwardly reminiscent of facing bricks, but, due to its composition, has a more durable low-porous structure), porcelain stoneware (in its composition includes quartz sand interspersed with granite, marble chips, salts and oxides of various metals), tiles (the heat transferred with their help is considered the most environmentally friendly).

Heat Resistant Tile Adhesive: Where is fire resistant tile adhesive used?

To cover a fireplace or stove, of course, you need a special adhesive material. Fireproof, or, as it is also called, heat-resistant tile adhesive, is a substance based on inorganic components with water-soluble alkali metal silicates. The scope of its application is quite wide. Using this glue, tile materials are attached to brick and metal bases. It is also used in organizing thermal insulation in heating furnaces, for connecting refractory materials to each other, in the manufacture and repair of linings for industrial furnaces, and in many other areas.

The composition of the protective heat-resistant adhesive is quite complex. It includes sodium liquid glass with a silicate module, electrocorundum, refractory clay, kaolin, and water. This mixture is used only for interior work; it is not advisable to use it on bases that are periodically subject to bending. It is worth noting that such a substance has soundproofing and heat-accumulating properties.

A little more about laying tiles

Types of fireproof tiles

Refractory tiles for stoves, with high heat resistance, are produced by manufacturers in several versions:

• terracotta - with an unglazed surface and a highly porous structure. This type of heat-resistant tile was one of the first to appear on the market;
• majolica - with a glazed surface and a highly porous structure;
• clinker - with a fine-porous structure, characterized by increased strength;
• porcelain stoneware - the composition includes: quartz sand, metal oxides, marble and granite chips. This material is resistant to high temperatures and temperature changes, and is also environmentally friendly.

Some nuances when laying tiles

To ensure that stove tiles serve you for a long time, use special heat-resistant adhesive for stoves and fireplaces when laying them. The thickness of the adhesive composition should be 2-5 mm, otherwise the risk of cracking of even the most durable material increases significantly. The glue should not have a specific odor. If installation is carried out on metal parts, keep in mind that metal expands when heated and therefore you need to leave approximately 1 cm indentations. If the cladding of stoves is carried out outdoors, use moisture-resistant glue. Laying is carried out only on a plastered surface. The cut pieces are placed at the very end. Correct installation technique extends the life of the material.

What is the difference between heat-resistant tiles and conventional cladding?

Heat-resistant tiles for stoves and fireplaces differ from simple cladding in that they have a low water absorption coefficient (less than 3%). Thermal tiles can withstand very high temperatures, do not crack or change color. This material is resistant to severe frosts, so it is suitable for finishing stoves located in the open air. The advantage of using such cladding is also its heat transfer. Heat-resistant finish prevents flue gases from entering the surrounding area. Caring for her is quite easy and simple. The material has a variety of shades and textures, so you can easily choose the right option for any interior.

Where can ceramic tiles be used?

Ceramic tiles for stoves and fireplaces are, first of all, a decorative material that is designed to make a fireplace or stove more beautiful and create a special, unique style. The material is not used for cladding so-called working surfaces, that is, it is not used for finishing, for example, heaters (in sauna stoves) and the internal surfaces of a stove or fireplace. In the photo below you can see an example of a fireplace lined with ceramic tiles. As you can see, it is used only for decorative purposes.

What is the difference between fireclay tiles and ordinary ceramic tiles?

First of all, fireclay tiles differ from ordinary ceramic tiles in their greater thickness and variety of shapes and sizes (you can make custom-made options of any shape and any size). This material is not a mass-produced product, so it has a special appearance, characteristic of handmade products. Fireclay tiles are quite durable, heat-resistant and moisture-resistant. When broken, you can see the presence of fireclay grains in the structure, which are absent when a regular ceramic one is broken. Clinker tiles have a similar structure, but they are much denser. The price depends on the artistic execution (painting, mixing different glazes, etc.).

Are tiles suitable for lining a stove?

Not every tile is suitable for lining stoves. When choosing, keep in mind that the material will be used under conditions of constant heating and cooling. Experts say that it is better to choose small tiles for stoves and fireplaces (no more than 25x25 cm). It is advisable to choose matte-colored tiles, since over time a network of small cracks will form on the glazed surface. Tile should not be used at all if the stove is located in a country house that is not intended for permanent residence and is heated only in winter - the tile cannot withstand this regime and soon begins to crack and crumble.

What should the tiles for the fireplace be?

Fireplace tiles initially imply high temperatures. Materials used to decorate the fireplace must meet the following requirements:

• low porosity structure;
• heat resistance;
• high strength;
• high resistance to mechanical damage;
• thickness not less than 8mm.

Terracotta, majolica and clinker tiles have these properties. The finishing materials for fireplaces also differ in their variety of designs and installation methods.

Private property is nothing without a home and the corresponding comfort in its open spaces. Many people strive to acquire such a place to live, somewhere away from the bustling cities. Owners of such dwellings often create stoves or stylized fireplaces on their territory for heating in winter.

Usually they are not original, but owners who want to see high-quality design try to successfully fit such products into the interior and the direction of the chosen style. For this purpose, the stove is lined with tiles of different shapes and materials.

But this is not a simple process that requires a responsible attitude. If you do something incorrectly, you can ruin the appearance of the entire home and have to put up with an unsuccessful result of the work. Or turn to professionals to redo it for a large fee.

No one will be happy with this prospect, so it’s better to do everything right away with high quality. Now let's talk about how to do this in the best way.

The choice of the appropriate type of cladding will have to be compared with the capabilities of these products. Each type will require a specific type of tile.

Stoves are distinguished by various properties: the heating limits of the outer part of the product, shape, materials used for creation, types of fuel, the pattern of movement of combustion elements, and other important aspects. They differ in purpose of use: heating, fireplace, kitchen for cooking food. They are classified by the duration of heating and cooling.

All products differ in permissible temperatures and this affects the choice of recommended tiles for them. The design of tiles for stoves should also not be put in last place. There are people near the stoves who want to see something suitable for their psyche, character traits or type of activity.

Over time, designers have been able to develop many balanced versions, which you can see in our selected photos of stove tiles based on various requirements. These options fit into many style trends.

How to choose a product for cladding the surfaces of fireplaces or stoves?

When choosing a product, it is important to remember that it must solve a practical problem. But then you should link it to the overall image of the design. And what should be the appropriate tiles for stoves and fireplaces based on compliance with all requirements:

Heat-intensive. Its composition should perfectly remove or transfer large amounts of heat.

Resistant to extreme temperatures. Various materials are suitable for lining the furnace; you just need to have the skills to carry out this process.

But not all of them are able to perform their function for a long time. It is recommended to rely on products that are heat resistant. And the permissible temperature coefficient should be around 7-8%.

Durable. It is important to realize that some stove tiles are offered with a strength of 300 Newtons per square millimeter. This is slightly higher than the performance of concrete.

Tough. This helps keep the product from deforming given the constant process of use. The thickness allows you to provide the most significant level of resistance to various impacts.

Environmentally friendly and chemically resistant. Some types of materials can release hazardous compounds when heated. This necessitates the need for special attention to the chemical composition of the tiles.

Wear-resistant. This kitchen element is often used and various awkward moments cannot be avoided. It must withstand various impacts without scratching or abrading the coating.

How to understand what kind of tiles are in front of you?

Ask a specialist. Or you can look at its markings. Different types are signed with special symbols:

The letter “T” indicates the level of heat resistance. Due to this indicator, you will be able to understand that in front of you is a fire-resistant tile suitable for your purposes.

The letter “E” indicates the level of water absorption. The higher the indicator, the more water it absorbs. For oven applications the value should not exceed 3%. For comparison, granite has 0.5%.

The inscriptions “A” or “B” indicate the class of the product. The first means the highest technological method of its production, the second means a lower version.

The PEI indicator is also very important. It communicates wear resistance capabilities. And it can be in the form of I and up to the value of V. But for the furnace this does not matter.

The EN 122 type inscription indicates the product’s resistance to various external chemical influences. This is quite important information and worth paying attention to.

What types of cladding should we pay more attention to?

Modern manufacturers have been able to offer the market a wide variety of design solutions and the basics used to create quality products:

Terracotta material

It will help to successfully cover the stove with tiles on all sides; for this it is created from a special type of clay. It is called kaolin grade. They love to use it for cladding various types of stoves or fireplaces.

This modification has been known for a long time and has earned trust due to the duration of its use. It offers many shades and easily fits into any design ideas.

Majolica

Anyone who has come across it knows that finishing the stove with tiles based on it is an excellent option. It is considered related to the terracotta version. But it has advanced properties.

This tile has more pronounced heat resistance. Although it is not recommended to use it for baths, kitchens and other rooms characterized by the formation of significant temperatures. Which is due to the porous structure of this product.

Tile modification of tiles for various products

It is also part of the terracotta family of materials. But due to its properties, it is considered a more environmentally friendly option, which is due to its composition. But its shape is very complex and therefore requires the accompanying presence of many additional materials. It is one of the moisture-resistant products.

It is important to realize that heat-resistant tiles for stoves are suitable for baths and other rooms that generate more moisture. The tile minimizes the heating of the tile, so you can touch it without fear of getting a burn or unpleasant sensations of high temperature.

Porcelain tiles

It is also considered a suitable option, helping to produce excellent tiles for various rooms with high humidity. These could be baths, saunas, modifications of stoves for installation under the soaring sun in the summer. Ceramic tiles for stoves created by various manufacturers are distinguished by a number of distinctive characteristics:

• Externally, it should be characterized as a monolithic product;
• It is very durable and can withstand severe external pressure;
• It has the lowest level of water absorption among the entire list of existing options. It amounted to some 0.05%;
• It withstands low and high temperatures equally well;
• Stands out for the width of available colors. It can create an imitation of many materials: marble base, granite, terracotta and even majolica.

Experts consider this material multifunctional and the most convenient for working on the design of baths and saunas. This is due to the fact that only it has all the necessary qualities to fit perfectly into the various styles used for such premises.

Cladding of stoves, fireplaces, and bath rooms is a special matter, because you need to take into account the high operating temperatures of the structures and the room as a whole.

The problem can be overcome by making the right choice of fire-resistant tiles, which are designed for the corresponding high thermal loads.

Coating requirements

There are different types of tiles for covering heated surfaces. In addition to the ability to withstand heat without damage, refractory materials for finishing stoves have other important qualities:

• absence of harmful fumes;
• ability to retain thermal energy well;
• the ability to expand slightly as the temperature rises;
• rigidity;
• resistance to mechanical stress and temperature changes;
• lack of electrification (no electric shock);
• external attractiveness.

Creating such a material is not an easy task that modern technologists can cope with. Manufacturers of building materials produce fireproof tiles for stoves, fireplaces, as well as special types of products with additional moisture resistance intended for baths and saunas.

Chemical composition of raw materials

All fire-resistant types of tiles are based on a predominant amount of clay, which may differ in composition depending on the source of occurrence.

Clay is a multicomponent mineral raw material formed during evolutionary sedimentation and grinding of rocks. The main inorganic substances that make up clay masses are various aluminosilicates of the following chemical

• elements:
• aluminum;
• silicon;
• magnesium;
• potassium

Aluminosilicate is a chemical conglomerate consisting of metal and silicon oxides, the ratio of which in the clay composition can be different. For example, in kaolinite there are two parts of silicon oxide for one part of aluminum oxide; in corundum only aluminum oxide is present.

Some aluminosilicates are contained in clay masses in hydrated form. The predominant part of fire-resistant tiles is made from kaolin, which during processing is purified from impurities that reduce the heat resistance of the raw material.

The technological cycle for producing refractories includes a baking stage, during which kaolin is converted into fireclay. The process is accompanied by the removal of intramolecular water from aluminosilicates. Depending on the characteristics of the initial mineral raw material and its processing technology, various types of fire-resistant tiles are obtained.

Material characteristics

The building materials market is filled with various types of fire-resistant tiles for buyers with any financial capabilities. If desired, you can purchase exclusive products for a select few or quality products for the predominant group of the population. When buying any tiles, especially heat-resistant ones, it is important to choose products from reputable companies that have official permits and experience in this area.

Fireclay tiles

Tiles made from a mixture of fireclay clay and stone flour can withstand the highest temperatures (up to 1300 °C). The material has enormous strength, resistance to acids and other chemicals, does not slip and does not wear out.

The range includes refractory products of different thicknesses, ideal for finishing furnaces without the use of additional heat-insulating layers.

Terracotta tiles

The name of this refractory product has a long-standing Italian origin, meaning burnt earth. The tile has a rough surface, very similar to natural stone or ancient brick. It is characterized by particular strength, reliability, the ability to adhere well to the surface, high thermal conductivity, and the ability to accumulate large amounts of heat. Terracotta has good linear expansion and can easily withstand temperature changes. They produce products with both matte and glazed surfaces.

Given its high resistance to water vapor, the material can be recommended not only for lining stoves, but also for finishing baths and saunas.

Majolica

This is a beautiful type of wall tile with fire-resistant properties, covered with a tinted glaze on top. The material was invented a long time ago and was popular in many European countries, and each of them had its own manufacturing features. Modern manufacturers produce analogues of Italian, Dutch, and Russian majolica, which have such an attractive appearance that companies can afford to raise prices for beauty.

Tiles cover the walls of stoves, fireplaces, adjacent walls, floors, baseboards; As a result, an original, beautiful interior is formed in the room. Some types of fireproof majolica are decorated by hand; the high cost of such products is justified and understandable.

Tile

This is the most popular type of tile, often used for tiling kitchens, sanitary rooms of apartments and houses. It is not very durable. Fire-resistant tiles cannot withstand large temperature changes; as a result, the glaze on the surface may crack.

To tile stoves, you should purchase a special heat-resistant type of glue; It will not be possible to fix it on cement compositions due to its high tendency to absorb water.

Clinker tiles

Clinker is a special composition of several types of clays, including crushed shale sedimentary rocks. The tile has a high density and the ability to withstand temperature changes well. The assortment includes all shades of beige, brown, chocolate colors, which are obtained by adding various colored oxides to the initial mixture.

Clinker was invented in Holland. Currently, rooms with stoves and fireplaces lined with clinker refractory tiles resemble old European interiors.

Tiles

These are typically Russian products associated with illustrations to folk tales. The relief, glazed surface forms the surface of the tiles in a shape that intensively accumulates heat.

Tiles are often made and decorated by hand, so the products have a high price and belong to the elite types of fire-resistant cladding for large and beautiful stoves.

Porcelain tiles

Porcelain tiles are made from a mixture of various types of clay, quartz sand, crushed granite and marble. The material is painted in various colors by adding metal oxides. The product has very high strength and density; characterized by the absence of pores, resistance to temperature changes, and resistance to moisture. Porcelain tiles are recommended for cladding stoves, fireplaces, and surfaces in baths and saunas.

In addition to these products, there are other possibilities for finishing stoves and fireplaces with fireproof materials. With the participation of designers, you can create a chic interior by finishing it with natural marble. The material is expensive, and finding a specialist to install marble slabs is also not easy, but if this can be done, the result will exceed expectations.

The design of baths and saunas will require more affordable costs. To do this, you can use ceramic or porcelain tiles, natural mixtures of soapstone, soapstone, soapstone. They are durable, have a rough surface, and are resistant to water.

Specifics of installation

Any selected type of fire-resistant tile is attached to the prepared surface. On the reverse side of the products there are special notches that facilitate fixation.

© When using site materials (quotes, images), the source must be indicated.

Household heating and heating and cooking appliances using solid fuel (fireplaces, stoves, stoves) are bulky, and their shape is completely determined by the technical features of the design. That's why, In order to fit a fireplace or stove into the interior, their external decorative finishing takes on special importance. The material in this article is intended to help both those who intend to finish their stove or fireplace on their own, as well as those who want to order their finishing and get the job done competently.

1. This publication discusses one of the ways to improve the appearance of stoves and fireplaces - cladding, i.e. surface finishing. It has to work under rather specific conditions, so the cladding of household heating and cooking appliances must satisfy the following requirements:
2. Do not under any circumstances increase the fire hazard of the premises;
3. Be durable, because any repair of a stove or fireplace is complex, expensive and can only be properly carried out outside the heating season;
4. Stay firmly on the base surface, withstanding as many (ideally infinitely large) thermal cycles (TC) of heating and cooling as possible;
5. The facing of the fireplace should aesthetically create a transition from its purely functional form to the interior of any style;
6. Do not undergo noticeable physicochemical changes under the influence of TCs;
7. Do not release harmful and/or dangerous substances into the environment and do not create other hazardous factors;
8. Be hygienic, withstand intensive care using cleaning products;
9. Furnace lining, in addition, should not worsen its thermal and operational parameters, primarily efficiency, heat capacity, nature and duration of heat transfer. On the contrary, it is desirable that the external decoration of the stove improves them;
10. Also, the lining of stoves and fireplaces should not disturb their structure (body, structure). As a result of finishing work, the formation of pockets of thermal and mechanical stress, cracks and fistulas, through which flue gases can leak into the room or, conversely, cold outside air into places where it is not needed, must be excluded;
11. At the same time, the lining of the stove or fireplace should not be very heavy, because Heating devices themselves place a lot of stress on building structures.

To fulfill point 2, it is necessary to harmonize the coefficients of thermal expansion (TCR) of the materials of the stove/fireplace structure and cladding, but achieving equality of their TCR would be too difficult and expensive. Typically, a binder base is introduced into the cladding structure, which firmly adheres to both the body of the stove and the finishing material itself. The binder is selected with a TCR that is intermediate between both, and the TCR of the facing is such that no mechanical stresses arise in the entire facing pie at the maximum amplitude of the TC, causing fatigue of the materials or exceeding their plasticity limits.

Note: hence the important conclusion - improperly executed cladding can damage the structure of the stove/fireplace not only with metal fasteners, anchors, etc. It can simply “pull” the building material until it cracks. Let's keep this in mind.

Condition of point 3 for fireplaces is determined by the fact that they heat the room predominantly with thermal (infrared, IR) radiation from the mouth of the firebox, while the stove is essentially a massive heat accumulator. Modern fireplaces are mostly decorative; they are most often auxiliary heat sources. You can light the fireplace irregularly, little by little, and its emergency shutdown will not lead to a threatening situation. Due to these factors, the conditions of point 2 for stoves and fireplaces are significantly different: if the finishing of the stove needs to be counted on “thermal swings” of up to 500 degrees Celsius, then for a fireplace you can set the upper threshold of the TC at 150 degrees.

Item 8 can be implemented quite simply in principle - it is necessary that the heat capacity and thermal conductivity of the facing materials exceed the same parameters of the furnace structure. Technically, this task has also been worked out well over the centuries, and modern facing materials for heating devices are developed in accordance with these requirements. Everything stated below also takes them into account.

On the one hand, the external finishing of metal stoves is simpler, because... the metal is plastic, elastic, and the peeled lining can often be corrected while the device is moving. On the other hand, it is more difficult due to the large TCR of the metal and the high temperature of the furnace body. Therefore, metal stoves are most often painted with heat-resistant enamels; one, but significant exception will be discussed further; we will deal mainly with brick heating and cooking appliances. It is not easy to fulfill all the above conditions, but the stove business has existed and developed for millennia. Stove makers, like all high-class craftsmen, are sensible people, so as a rule they do not reject the achievements of modern technologies suitable for their work. Therefore, for amateurs, the choice of methods for covering a fireplace and/or stove with their own hands is quite wide, see fig. and the list below:

1. Plastering with simple or decorative plaster;
2. Facing brick finishing;
3. Tiling;
4. Finishing with clinker tiles;
5. Cladding with ceramic terracotta tiles;
6. Majolica cladding;
7. Cladding with natural stone;
8. Artificial stone finishing;
9. Cladding with marble and other ornamental minerals.

Tile and porcelain stoneware

Often fireplaces with stoves are lined with tiles and porcelain stoneware. The reason is the relative cheapness of materials, the simplicity and accessibility of the technology for their installation. But, generally speaking, tiles and porcelain stoneware are not the best facing materials for heating devices; they are difficult to match according to TKR in a given temperature range, and the values ​​of their heat capacity and thermal conductivity in this case are far from the required ones.

Calibrated kaolin tiles, white on the inside, can be used to decorate decorative fireplaces, installing them in the same way as terracotta tiles, see below. If the stove is finished with tiles, additional metal supporting elements are required, see for example. video below. But this is not entirely good - parts with a large TCR appear in the structure of the cladding, so the stove must have been previously heated many times.

Video: finishing the stove with tiles on homemade corners

Porcelain stoneware is suitable for cladding heating devices of the same kind using the same methods, but tiles from it must be taken of zero caliber. There are other publications about the properties of porcelain stoneware, but in this case it is important that the initial mass was minimally deformed during the firing process, which means that the TC will withstand its use at the site.

Traditional methods

The first 3 points and positions in Fig. and in the list above - traditional methods of facing fireplaces and stoves. The best of them, but the most expensive and complex, is finishing with tiles; it increases the efficiency of the stove by 15-17 percentage points. For example, if the initial efficiency of the stove is 60%, then after tiling it will reach 70%; For this reason, we will return to tiling later.

Finishing the furnace with dry-molded facing bricks gives an increase in efficiency of 7-9 percentage points. provided that it is carried out at the same time as the construction of the furnace, i.e. decorative brick cladding was included in its layout at the design stage. Otherwise, when lining an already standing fire (running) stove, an increase in efficiency is possible, as when lining with terracotta, up to 5 percentage points. The facing brick is then mounted on the fireplace/stove structure in the same way as stone (see below), but the labor-intensive procedure of its preliminary laying is much simplified.

When using a modern insulated fireplace insert with glass and a standard chimney for it, a small fireplace can be made entirely of face brick, pos. 1 in Fig. on right. Just not silicate, in Fig. just light! And a stove or stove-fireplace with a lining of red facing brick under a simple worker fits well aesthetically with majolica, pos. 2. However, these and other types of “brick” decor can be achieved more easily and cheaper by facing with terracotta and clinker. But before moving on to them, let's linger a little on the plaster.

Stove/fireplace plaster

Plastering a fireplace or stove allows you to achieve good aesthetics of the device in various types of interiors, see figure, but it is very labor-intensive even for simple white plaster. Decorative plasters, e.g. Venetian or polished stucco, you will have to leave it here altogether, this is a separate complex topic. In any case, the main obstacle when plastering a stove/fireplace is cutting the seams. If the appliance and masonry mortar in the joints are sintered into stone, preparing its surface for plaster becomes not only long, but exhausting, requiring extreme attention and experience so that a crack does not appear in the joint.

Next, the plaster mass needs lime. Even in the conditions of a fireplace shopping center, gypsum soon begins to lose water of crystallization, causing the plaster to dry out. The addition of vermiculite does not help, it only worsens heat transfer. In general, the procedure for plastering a fireplace or stove is as follows:

• The parts of the furnace structure to be lined are cleaned of the previous finish until there are no traces of it; the last residues are removed with a steel brush.
• The surface under the plaster is moistened by applying lightly moistened burlap or technical cloth for 1-1.5 hours.
• Masonry joints are cut to a depth of 9-10 mm with a narrow chisel for cutting out grooves - a cross-cutting tool - and light blows of a hammer.
• If the device was previously in use (heated), it will not be possible to cut the seams to the required depth right away: picking at dry clay mortar is unacceptable! In this case, wetting and cutting are repeated several times.
• The surface with cut seams is carefully brushed to remove dust and crumbs, then moistened with a plaster brush.
• Prepare a primary (starting) plaster solution with the consistency of medium-thick sour cream.
• The starting solution is used to fill the cut seams and the base surface to a thickness of 4-5 mm.
• After the primary plaster has dried, the same finishing solution or decorative plaster with the consistency of very thick sour cream or soft plasticine is prepared.
• The finishing plaster is applied in a layer of the same thickness.
• After the plaster has completely dried, a full cycle of putting the furnace into operation (starting up) is carried out: drying, a series of accelerating fireboxes, a test firebox.

Tile

Currently, traditional methods of finishing stoves are increasingly inferior to cladding with special tile materials; plaster is sometimes used to fill gaps in tiled surfaces. Tiling the stove has a number of advantages:

1. Stove tiles are safe and environmentally friendly.
2. There is a wide range of binding compounds (adhesives and primers, see below) for cladding heating appliances on sale, which makes the whole job no more difficult than laying tiles or porcelain tiles on the floor or walls.
3. The facing stove tiles and adhesives for them are fully consistent according to TKR with brickwork on clay mortar, which ensures the strength and durability of the finish.
4. The thermal parameters of a tiled stove either improve slightly or remain unchanged. Their slight deterioration occurs in some cases.
5. The cost of covering a fireplace/stove with tiles with your own hands and to order is an order of magnitude less than other types of decorative finishing.

Tiles for lining furnaces are made on the basis of annealed aluminosilicate (clay) ceramics; as a rule - dry or semi-dry molding. Ceramic tiles for cladding stoves are mainly used in the following types: clinker, terracotta and majolica. Available in flat, L-shaped profiles for corners and shaped (shaped) - curved, with rounded edges, complex shapes.

Clinker and terracotta

Clinker tiles are in some ways analogous to clinker bricks and paving slabs: they are highly burnt ceramic mass, i.e. fired at 1200 degrees and above. For decorative cladding, cheaper single-firing clinker is used; The molding of the plastic initial mass is carried out by extrusion, i.e. pushing through. The main advantage of clinker tiles is their low cost, approx. 1000 rub. for 1 sq. m, and a small TKR, which allows cladding with seams of 3-4 mm. Disadvantages: firstly, fragility, as a result of which clinker tiles with a thickness of 8 mm or more are required for lining stoves; fireplaces with their smaller TC can be lined with clinker with a thickness of 6 mm.

The most significant disadvantage of clinker tiles for cladding heating devices is their rather high thermal resistance; clinker cladding reduces the efficiency of the stove by 2-3 percentage points, which is why fireplaces are predominantly lined with clinker tiles. Decorative flaws - rough surface and uneven color - are not fatal, because... both can be introduced into the overall design, pos. 1 in Fig.

The mass for terracotta tiles is prepared on the basis of pottery clays with the addition of fireclay and mineral pigments, so the color of terracotta tiles for facing fireplaces/stoves is more varied, more even, and smooth color transitions can be obtained, pos. 2. Molding – semi-dry pressing, firing at 1000 degrees. The increased quality of the initial mass makes it possible to produce tiles up to 40x40 cm in size or more, from which it is possible to assemble figured compositions, pos. 3.

The specific gravity of terracotta tiles is less than that of clinker tiles, and they adhere very firmly to glue, which makes it possible to apply both design and structural solutions that are unattainable with other materials. For example, the cladding belt above the firebox of a compact corner fireplace (item 4) can only be made of terracotta; something else will fall out of there soon.

In addition to color, terracotta can be given a texture that imitates many types of brick and stone masonry, see next. rice. It also has a thermal advantage: lining the stove with terracotta increases its efficiency by 3-4 percentage points. Nothing comes for free, so terracotta approx. 25% more expensive than clinker of the same thickness. But this is compensated by the advantages of terracotta and the fact that tiles made from it for cladding under the same conditions can be 1-2 mm thinner.

Majolica

Majolica is a type of terracotta with a glazed surface, onto which a design can be applied by burning in, see fig. The surface of majolica can be smooth and embossed, glossy and matte. Matte majolica of a suitable color matches aesthetically well with wooden parts; This is the only way, apart from very expensive and complex tiles, to fit a fireplace into a portal decorated with wood, on the right in Fig. In everything except heating technology, majolica is equivalent to tiles, but in comparison with its artistic merits it costs divinely: without a pattern it is 28-29% more expensive than clinker, and decorated tiles are 32-35% more expensive. Majolica is placed on the surface to be coated in the same way as clinker and terracotta, see below.

How to tile

Cladding a fireplace or stove with glued tiles is carried out with the application of a backing made of reinforcing mesh, which distributes thermal and mechanical stress more or less evenly over the area of ​​the tiled surface. Without a grid, individual tiles will soon start to fall off. For this reason, the use of fiberglass mesh is undesirable; a steel mesh that conducts heat well is needed.

The total thickness of the mesh should not be greater than the thickness of the adhesive layer, i.e. 3-4 mm; therefore, the mesh is required from wire no thicker than 1.5-2 mm, with a mesh size from 30x30 to 50x50. If the glue instructions indicate a seam thickness of more than 5 mm, you need to use a chain-link mesh made of wire of the same thickness. You cannot use a wire mesh thicker than 2 mm; its own thermal deformations can damage the structure of the device.

The actual cladding is possible in 2 ways: with cutting of seams and 2-component glue or without cutting; in this case, the adhesive can be one-component (for more information about adhesives for stove facing tiles, see below). In both cases, the tile joints are left at 10-12 mm (thermal deformations!) and filled with a special mineral-based grout or silicone filler, also for stove work.

Cladding using the first method is very labor-intensive, because surface preparation is required and the seams are cut in the same way as for plaster, but the structure of the furnace is subject to minimal mechanical stress and there is no metal left in the brick that can cause cracking due to its thermal expansion. In this case:

According to the second method, the mesh is attached to the brickwork with steel hardware without cutting the seams. Here the problem is with dowels: steel dowels can cause cracks in the masonry due to the large difference in the TCR of metal and brick, plastic dowels will soften from heating and will no longer hold the mesh, and with it the entire cladding. For more information about facing fireplaces with terracotta tiles using glue on a mesh, see the video

Video: tiling the stove with terracotta tiles

You can add the following to the video:

1. The tiles should be glued with belts of no more than 3-4 rows (on the left in the figure below); The next belt is glued when the glue of the previous one has firmly set. Otherwise, the lower tiles may creep and peel off under the weight of the upper ones.
2. Grouting of joints begins when the glue sets, but does not gain full strength, otherwise either microcracks will appear in the joints after the grout has completely dried, or individual tiles may peel off.
3. Sunken seams are rubbed manually with mineral grout from a plaster falcon (in the center in the figure). The grout is smoothed with a rubber spatula; its residues smeared on the sides are immediately removed with a damp cloth. Dried grout only lends itself to abrasive, and it won’t even spare the tiles.
4. It is more convenient to fill convex seams using a mounting gun, on the right in Fig. This is the only possible way to fill seams with silicone, because... It sticks strongly to the tool for decorative cutting of seams.

Stone

Stone is used mainly for decorative fireplaces and, in some cases (see below), for sauna stoves. For lining heating and cooking stoves, its thermal conductivity is too low or, conversely, excessively high, and the increased heat capacity of some rocks/types of stone does not compensate for this.

The heat balance of a fairly efficient and economical stove must be maintained very precisely during the entire combustion period. If, for example, you line a stove with very beautiful labradorite, it will have to be heated for a long time before heat bubbles through the lining. As the stove warms up, its efficiency drops and a lot of fuel is consumed. The heat transfer of a heated stove will be greater than necessary to maintain a comfortable temperature, the difference between the internal and external temperatures is also greater than the calculated one, and the thermal energy of the excess fuel will somehow go outside without compensating for its excess consumption during heating.

Nevertheless, the decorative advantages of a stone fireplace surround make it very attractive, especially since in the case of a fireplace, the “evil” of a stone surround to some extent turns into good. A fireplace is a rather imperfect heating device; its heat balance is not so delicate; a lot of heat from the fireplace insert flies out into the chimney. Cladding a fireplace with stone allows you not only to decorate it, but also to slightly increase the thermal efficiency simply by increasing the thermal inertia of the structure.

Natural

Natural stone for cladding a fireplace must first of all satisfy point 5 from the list of requirements for cladding at the beginning. The fact is that many rocks contain water of crystallization and, when heated cyclically, tend to lose it quite quickly. As a result, the primary structure of the stone is disrupted, its adhesion to the binder is lost and its decorative qualities decrease.

Further, many of the stones suitable for aesthetics for facing are fragments and pellets of brecciated rocks and conglomerates, i.e. granular from components of different composition. For example, granite is a conglomerate of quartz, feldspar and mica. Individual components of a breccia or conglomerate are subject to metamorphic changes, during which the physical structure of the mineral changes, although its chemical composition remains the same. Cyclic temperature fluctuations accelerate metamorphization many times over, and its result is the same as with the loss of crystallization water.

Therefore, stones such as granite, diorite, gabbro, basalt, diabase, pegmatite, labradorite are not very suitable for cladding fireplaces and, especially, stoves. Already metamorphosed rocks will retain their appearance for a long time and will not suddenly collapse onto the coffee table: sandstones, shales, marble, or those requiring special conditions for metamorphization - shell rock and other sedimentary calcareous rocks, or not at all metamorphic, like tuff or travertine. Quartzite is not suitable, quartz metamorphoses. River pebbles are very good: their base, like sandstone, is feldspar, resistant to “thermal swings”. Marine may be from igneous breccia or conglomerate; it is, so to speak, conditionally suitable for lining a decorative fireplace that is lit from time to time.

Note: the shell rock in the furnace lining will last for 10-15 years, but it significantly increases the heat transfer time without significantly improving the efficiency,

More about granite

Indeed, the radiophon of granite is higher than that of sedimentary rocks. But in many places with an even higher natural radiophon, strong, healthy people live happily from generation to generation. And in any case, the radiophone from industrial emissions, as Mikhail Zhvanetsky put it, is natural, like a bull covering a sheep.

Gems for the fireplace

A rosette or insert into the fireplace lining made of colored ornamental (semi-precious) stone is quite affordable for a family with an average income. But - again point 5 comes out of the list of requirements - according to physical chemistry, only onyx and rhodonite (orlets, fauerlite) are suitable for this. They produce a warm range of colors, from deep cherry to light yellow.

Stone for sauna stove

Stone cladding of a sauna stove is acceptable, and in some cases simply necessary, but it requires a special stone - soapstone (talcomagnesite, steatite, wen, soapstone, stove stone, potting stone). It does not lather, but it looks silky smooth, with a greasy sheen and micro-texture, like a good soap. The color range of soapstone is from light gray to almost black, see fig. on right. Sometimes impurities give light shades of all the colors of the rainbow.

Soapstone does not contain water of crystallization and is completely not subject to metamorphism. The thermal conductivity of soapstone for stone is very high with moderate heat capacity, i.e. it almost does not reduce the heat transfer of the furnace and its efficiency. For the flow of thermal radiation, the soapstone layer is a translucent screen that smoothes the primary IR pulse from the metal furnace.

If your bathhouse turns out to be a bit harsh and has rather heavy steam, lining its stove with soapstone chlorite will significantly improve the bathhouse microclimate. The specific gravity of soapstone is small, and the stove is lined with it in the same way as with tiles, see above and below and adhesives for stove lining. Unfortunately, soapstone is not cheap: its industrial deposits are found only in Finland and Karelia.

Note: Soapstone chlorite is unsuitable for decorative cladding - its hardness on the Mohs scale is 1-5.5 and varies greatly within one sample, i.e. soapstone can be scratched with iron, and in some places with a fingernail.

How to glue stone

Cladding a fireplace/stove with stone differs from tiling primarily in its preliminary layout: the contour of the base surface is accurately marked on the floor with chalk or masking tape and stones are laid out on it, trying to ensure that there are as few as possible to be adjusted. Then each stone is marked, a sketch of the layout is made and a photograph is taken of it. The adjusted fragments are marked in a different color; they also have places for them on the sketch.

Next, for the heaviest stones, hooks are made from 1.5-2 wires, see fig. on right. If the lower surface of the stone, when installed in place, is rounded, it needs 2 hooks so that it does not tend to fall out to the side. It is advisable to place the stones on the hooks not randomly, but more or less regularly in increments of approx. 500 mm. The upper branches of the hooks are inserted into the grooves after applying the reinforcing mesh; Cladding the fireplace with stone is carried out only with cutting of the seams!

Place the stones on high-holding glue (see below) in rows, leaving spaces for adjustable fragments. They are adjusted to the location and glued in after the glue has completely hardened and gained strength, which takes 3-20 days, depending on what kind of glue is used.

Artificial

Artificial stone on a cement-sand base, which is used to pave garden paths and blind areas around the house, is not suitable for lining heating appliances - it will not withstand cyclic temperature fluctuations. For the same reason, artificial stone on gypsum is unsuitable for interior decoration of heated premises. Artificial stone with a lime or acrylic (polyester) binder is suitable for cladding fireplaces; in particular - artificial marble, see below. The specific gravity of these types of material is not higher than that of ceramics, therefore, facing the fireplace with artificial stone is carried out using the same technology as tiles, but with preliminary layout, as for natural stone. The laying out procedure is labor-intensive and tedious, therefore, if the stone is homemade, it is better to mold it to fit the surface to be tiled during the manufacturing process.

Marble

Cladding stoves and, especially, fireplaces with marble has been used for a long time: natural marble is quite heat-intensive and conducts heat well. Touch it with your hand: it is cold. In terms of thermal engineering, marble cladding is even better than steatite, plus, marble is durable, does not contain water of crystallization and is already completely metamorphosed. However, natural marble, especially colored marble, is expensive and its prices are only growing and rising. Therefore, nowadays fireplaces are faced almost exclusively with artificial marble.

Fireplaces in artificial marble look great, see fig. This material is produced in a variety of colors and patterns, even those that do not exist in natural marble or are found as a rare exception. Marble parts for facing fireplaces are sold ready-made, see fig. on the right, or cast according to the designer’s sketch. The latter increases the cost of cladding not to sky-high levels: cladding artificial marble can be made in artisanal conditions and even at home with your own hands.

Artificial marble is easily processed with ordinary steel tools and is quite elastic, which makes it possible to adjust finished parts. If you come across a description on finishing forums about how a team of craftsmen... bent a facing board made of marble, then this is quite possible - the marble was artificial. The disadvantage of artificial marble is its poor thermal conductivity; it is warm to the touch. Therefore, this type of cladding is suitable only for decorative fireplaces.

Cladding with artificial marble is carried out, as with natural ones, in levels (rows): first, large boards are glued to the base surface, corners and overlays are placed on them, and convex decor (rosettes, vases, etc.) is mounted last. The glue used is special for marble, but not gray for cladding with natural marble tiles, but white for artistic cladding. Gray marble glue will stain over time.

There is one circumstance that should be taken into account if you are thinking about decorating a fireplace with artificial marble: facing it, it can be cast on a polyester binder and cast on gypsum. The latter is unsuitable for lining heating devices. Artificial stone marble can be distinguished from cast stone by its matte surface and uneven color, which is especially evident on convex parts, see fig. left.

Adhesives and primers for stoves and fireplaces

Glue for installing linings of fireplaces and stoves is available, as mentioned above, in one- and two-component forms (glue + primer). Stoves and fireplaces are faced with stone only using 2-component glue. It has also already been noted above that for cladding with natural stone, an adhesive with increased load-bearing (holding) capacity is needed. In addition, adhesives for cladding stoves are heat-resistant and heat-resistant. The former can withstand a certain number of thermal cycles with heating up to at least 150 degrees, and the latter retain all their properties when heated for a long time to at least 500 degrees.

Furnaces are clad only with heat-resistant adhesives. Up to 500 degrees, the outer surface of brick kilns, of course, does not heat up, but at 300 degrees, the heat-resistant adhesive can withstand an almost infinite number of heat cycles. Depending on the type of device being finished and the type of cladding, the following adhesives can be recommended:

• K-77 with G-77 primer – heat-resistant with high load-bearing capacity. Suitable for all types of facing and furnace work. The disadvantage is that it takes a long time, 20-25 days, to gain full strength. During this time, the fireplace or stove cannot be lit, and the room with it must be maintained at a comfortable temperature. Relatively inexpensive: 25 kg bag approx. 400 rubles, canister G-77 for it 200 rubles, complete grout for joints – 250 rubles. for a 2 kg bucket. All this is enough for a fairly large oven.
• ANSERGLOB BCX 35 - the same properties as K-77/G-77, but more expensive. But it gains strength faster.
• Plitonit-FireplaceFireproof - suitable for tiling not only fireplaces, but also stoves.
• Plitonit-SuperKamin and SkanfixSuper are heat-resistant adhesives for tiling fireplaces.
• Terracotta adhesive - designed specifically for terracotta tiles. It grabs onto fireplaces and stoves tightly and, judging by the available data, forever. Many have tried to glue porcelain stoneware, clinker, and majolica with it; There seem to be no complaints.
• IVSILTermix, Kleos, Weber Vetonit absolute, Moment Crystal, Ceresit SM-117/5 - suitable for tiling decorative fireplaces that are not regularly lit.
• BauGut FFK is kind of neither fish nor fowl among tile adhesives for fireplace cladding. Quite expensive, heat resistance 300 degrees. Can be recommended for a fireplace in a country house that is not permanently inhabited. Let's say, if in the fall it completely cools down, and a group of people come there for a ski trip on weekends and on New Year's Day and the fireplace is continuously heated intensively.

About tiles

The tiled stove is a truly luxurious structure, even if it is dilapidated, see fig. However, tiling is definitely not the kind of work that can be done by studying the technology from the descriptions; This is an even more delicate matter, requiring experience and accuracy than cladding with natural stone.

Tiles are generally prepared from the same kaolin mass as high-quality tiles. To harmonize with TKR and improve the heating technology of the furnace, the tiles are molded into box-shaped ones with a cavity - a tiller, pos. 1a next rice. – which is filled with sand during the cladding process. You need mountain sand with rough grains and a minimal admixture of clay; it does not swell, does not sinter or cake due to cyclic heating. The tiles are placed on a greasy clay mortar; The clay used is white, the sand is the same mountain sand. Add half a glass to a glass of table salt to a bucket of the prepared solution.

Before facing, the tiles are laid out and sorted out, as in the case of wild stone, achieving evenness in the rows. The dimensions of the tiles have been standardized by GOST since 1947, but the tolerance is quite wide, approx. 1.5 mm. It is impossible to achieve less due to the properties of the material itself. With a cladding height of 10 rows, the spacing of the seams can reach 15 mm, which, as you understand, is in no way acceptable.

Note: The base of large artistic panels on tiles is laid out and adjusted by hand at the factory. Therefore, tiled panels are very expensive, but they are put in place without layout.

The tiling is done in order, tying the tiles together with steel pins and wire. As a rule, the stove is lined with tiles in the order of its construction, and the lining must always be ahead of the masonry, as shown in pos. 3. In this case, the tiles are knitted with anchor loops, as in pos. 1b. Some craftsmen (qualitatively few) know how to tile running stoves; in this case, knitting is done with anchor pins, pos. 2.

And one more thing about the stone...

Recently, flexible stone has also been used for cladding fireplaces: a textile base impregnated with a polyester binder, onto which stone chips are applied “in an artistic disorder.” The textures of the first samples were drawn out manually, but now the crumbs are poured into special installations controlled by computers, which makes it possible to produce a wide variety of unique patterns, see Fig., resulting in generally inexpensive material.

The flexible stone is cut with metal scissors; they can be used to outline curved surfaces (bottom right in the figure). The disadvantage of this material is always a rough surface; No one has yet learned how to produce polished flexible stone. Flexible stone can be mounted on the base surface in different ways, see, for example. track. plot:

(No ratings yet)

Any stove located in the house can be easily styled to match the interior of the room. For this, various materials are used that will preserve beauty and aesthetics for many years. The ideal option is fireproof tiles for the stove, thanks to which it will take on a new and original look.

What kind of heat-resistant facing tiles should be used for stoves and fireplaces?

Considering that fireplaces and stoves are objects that can heat up to high temperatures, it is important to choose the right facing materials. They must meet the following requirements:

• Resistance to mechanical damage and strength;
• High level of heat resistance;
• The structure of the material must be low-porosity;
• Thickness – at least 0.7 cm.

Only a few types of material meet these requirements, including terracotta, clinker tiles, porcelain stoneware and tiles. They all have some differences in installation methods and design. You should choose based not only on your personal preferences, but also on the purpose of the room and the cost of the tiles. So, for example, if you are going to finish a stove in a bathhouse, it is important to take into account the thermal features, but with a stove in a room, look at whether it matches the style of the room.

Heat-resistant tiles for stoves - main types, features and characteristics

Today in stores you can find a wide variety of materials for decorative work on fireplaces. Naturally, each of them has its own key features and main characteristics - knowing them will allow you to make the right choice.

• Stylish and durable terracotta, considered the oldest material for cladding such structures. Terracotta is a product made from types of clay with a high level of porosity. First it is pressed, then exposed to high temperatures. This material was especially known in Ancient Greece and Rome in the manufacture of tiles, tiles and other elements. The main features are strength, characteristic red-brown tint (terracotta).
• Majolica. This material is also considered terracotta, only glazed. It got its name thanks to the Spanish island of Mayorsky, from where a variety of colorful tiles for decorative work and painted dishes were often brought. The unusual design is attractive, but this material is not cheap - even now it is considered a luxury for many homeowners.
• Clinker heat-resistant tiles are one of the types of ceramics that were created as an alternative to facing bricks. They are made from different types of clay with the addition of mineral dyes and fireclay, then pressed and fired. As a result of this processing, a reliable material is obtained that is resistant to high temperatures. We are pleased with the presence of a wide range of color shades, including white, dark chocolate and soft beige. The thickness of the slabs reaches approximately 1 cm.
• The most modern type is porcelain stoneware, produced under high pressure from several types of clay and salts, marble chips, and various dyes. Due to its monolithic structure and resistance to temperatures, this type of building material has found the widest application in facing works. It should be noted that with its help it is easy to imitate natural stone: terracotta, granite, clinker, majolica when decorating stoves.
• Tiles are unique fireproof ceramic tiles for fireplaces, decorated with glaze designs. It is made from clay and fired, with the main difference being the box-shaped shape. This increases not only the decorative qualities of the tiles, but also the heat-saving characteristics, and the hot air that is transferred when heating a stove decorated with tiles is considered the most environmentally friendly.
• Fireclay tiles are a fairly expensive material for facing fireplaces, since they are not produced in large numbers, but in single pieces. It is characterized by strength, moisture and heat resistance. The main difference from ceramic tiles is the variety of sizes, shapes and patterns, thanks to which you can decorate your stove in the most original way, adhering to the general style of the interior.

Stove tiles - nuances when facing

To ensure that fire-resistant tiles serve you as long as possible, be sure to use heat-resistant adhesive in your work. Choose formulations that are non-volatile compounds. This will save you from having to ventilate the room and work with open windows. To avoid poisoning during cladding, it is better to purchase an odorless solution.

There are some nuances when decorating outdoor stoves. So, the glue must be not only heat-resistant, but also moisture-resistant. The materials are laid on a pre-plastered surface, and the cut tiles are installed last. Whatever type of material you choose, the most important thing is to follow the correct installation technique, which will extend its service life.

Fireproof tiles for the stove - step-by-step installation instructions

First of all, calculate the amount of material required, and after the final calculations, add approximately 15% of the total. This additional purchase will allow you to make up for losses if the material gets spoiled, cut or damaged. If anything remains, save it for replacement, because during operation, cladding elements may also fall off and become damaged.

In addition, you must purchase:

• Crosses (2.5 mm.)
• Cutter
• Rubber spatula
• Master OK
• Paint brush
• Building level
• Wire brush

Advice: purchase everything in advance, as this will speed up the work and save you energy.

Instructions:

How to line a stove with refractory tiles - step-by-step diagram

Step 1: Surface Cleaning

Before starting installation work, you should first clean the stove using a wire brush, removing dust and excess plaster. Don't forget to deepen the seams by 1 cm for better adhesion of materials. Next, we plaster the structure using a cement-sand mortar (1 part cement, 3 parts sand and water). Before starting this work, be sure to wet the surfaces of the fireplace with water using a paint brush. Make sure that the layers of material are even, using a level, since the ease of subsequent facing work will depend on this.

Step 2: Preparing for cladding

After cleaning the fireplace, be sure to fill the seams with putty, and also go over any existing cracks and potholes. A narrow-mesh fiberglass mesh is attached to the fireplace using construction nails and dowels - this will make application of the material easier.

Step 3: Laying the tiles

Once you have cleaned and plastered the fireplace, you need to begin installation. It is very important that you take your time, especially when working on the first row - it must be strictly horizontal, or the whole work will go awry. Laying should begin from the bottom row. It is important to carefully read the instructions when mixing the adhesive solution, which must be on the package.

Pay attention to the evenness of installation of materials, for which you need to use crosses - one in the crosshair and several elements on each side of the tile. The composition is applied using a smooth grater to the back side and leveled with a spatula; its thickness should not exceed 5 mm. The refractory tile for the stove is applied to the wall, then it must be pressed and carefully aligned with plumbs and level. We do this with each next element.

Step 4: Checking the installation for evenness

Don’t forget to check the correct placement of the tiles and immediately correct any unevenness before the glue dries, otherwise it will be almost impossible to correct the defects. The cut elements of the tiles need to be placed last - if the work is carried out correctly, they will lie in the same plane. You can also check this using a building level.

.