Connecting a pass-through switch from 2 places. Connection diagram for a pass-through switch: connect step by step from two and three places
Standard situation: you entered the house and turned on the light in the hallway, and then moved to the bedroom. Now you need to go back to turn off the corridor light, which is not very convenient. And if the recreation room is located on the second floor of a private house, then you will have to climb the stairs twice to turn off the lighting in the hallway. A connection diagram for the so-called pass-through switch will help solve this problem, allowing you to control one lamp (or group of lamps) from 2 places.
Two-point control principle
In practice, the system works as follows:
- Entering a dark corridor, you turn on the light fixture.
- Having moved to another room or to the second floor, you extinguish it with the second switch installed in this room.
- Anyone who enters the house after you will be able to turn on the light in the hallway again and turn it off in a convenient way at one of two points.
Note. With the same success, you can organize lighting control from 3 or even 4 different places, which will be discussed below.
Simply put, the lamp turns on and off at the first point regardless of the position of the key at the second and vice versa. The key element of the circuit is a pass-through (otherwise known as a marching) switch, which differs from a conventional single-key switch in three contacts for connecting wiring. Two such devices need to be placed in convenient places and connected to the electrical network with a triple (three-core) cable according to the following diagram:
In essence, our devices are switches that transfer phase current in one of two directions. Switching occurs between these lines, only from different sides. Whatever the position of the buttons initially, pressing any of the two keys will lead to a short circuit or break in the electrical circuit.
The photo shows that the middle contact closes to one of the outer ones, there is no complete shutdown mode
Reference. Pass-through switches are far from new. Regular, two-key and three-key product models have been produced for a long time by well-known manufacturers of electrical equipment - Schneider Electric, Legrand and Lezard. What such a device looks like is shown in the photo.
To control a group of lamps from different rooms with the ability to turn on one or more lamps, you need to use double (two-pole) switches and connect them according to this scheme:
- Install pass-through switches on plastic socket boxes in the required places. From each of them, run three-core cables in strobes to the junction box.
- Inside the box, directly connect the neutral and ground contacts leading to the light bulb. Connect the phase wires from the network and the lamp to the conductors leading to the changeover contacts of the switches.
- There, connect the contacts of the double line between our buttons. This completes the installation.
Inclusion from 3 or more places
To implement such lighting control, the above circuit of the pass-through switch is supplemented with one more element. This is a so-called crossover (otherwise known as a paired) 4-pin switch, whose installation is provided between the outer disconnecting devices, as shown in the picture below. Its operating principle is as follows:
- in the first position, the button directly closes both circuits;
- after switching, the lines close crosswise.
Note. If it is necessary to control a lamp from 4 or more places, then a second paired switch is added to the circuit, a third, and so on ad infinitum.
Disconnecting the devices in this case is somewhat more difficult, since here there is a four-core cable for connecting a crossover device. It is better to do the wiring inside the distribution box, and not in the socket boxes, while it is advisable to duplicate the colors of the wires with tags in order to avoid confusion. The connection diagram is explained in an accessible and detailed manner in the video:
Common installation mistakes
When independently assembling the described circuits, owners of apartments and private houses make several typical mistakes, which is why the system does not work initially or fails in the near future. We list these shortcomings and the reasons that cause them:
- One of the remote switches breaks the circuit completely (usually a cross switch), the rest also stop functioning. This is a clear sign that the contacts are connected incorrectly; you need to check everything and connect it correctly.
- One of the keyboard devices quickly burns out and has to be replaced frequently. Here there is a high load from the lamps on the switch contacts, designed for a maximum power of 2.2 kW (current 10 Amps). If it cannot be reduced, you need to switch to another switching method - using pulse relays with parallel connection of push-button switches.
- Periodic blinking of fluorescent and LED lamps operating from pass-through switches is observed. The reason is low-quality products with poor insulation (there is a leak) or cheap micro-bulbs for night illumination, built into housings for orientation in the dark.
Important point. A serious mistake, under certain conditions leading to electric shock, is connecting the neutral wire to the disconnecting valve instead of the phase wire.
Push-button dimmer combined with pass-through switch
Problems also occur when used simultaneously with pass-through two-position dimmer switches - electronic devices for adjusting the brightness of light bulbs. This happens when you try to assemble a circuit from cheap elements with poor quality insulation.
Conclusion
Despite the emergence of new methods of switching lighting using pulse relays and remote control units, the circuit with pass-through switches remains the simplest and most affordable component price. There is only one drawback of the system: the keys do not have a fixed “on” and “off” position, which sometimes causes inconvenience. For example, being on the second floor of a house, you cannot see whether the lights on the first floor are turned off, and you cannot tell by looking at the switch button.
Related posts:
Switching light sources according to the principle “approach, turn on, pass, turn off” is one of the options for the efficient use of electrical energy. The functionality of such a control system is provided by the same traditional devices - switches, but structurally somewhat modernized.
Switching modernization allows you to connect a pass-through switch from two or three places in order to control the light source from each individual point. Agree, this solution is especially convenient for long rooms, for example, a corridor.
We suggest you understand the principles of connecting a pass-through switch to two and three control points. The article provides working diagrams for organizing light groups, and also describes the features of the implementation of switching projects.
The logic of saving energy spent on lighting devices or others is explained by simple user actions.
If a lighting device is needed, electricity is supplied to it by simply closing the switch contact. Otherwise, the opposite action is performed.
Light source switch - interpreted in electrical slang - a pass-through switch. Provides a fundamentally new approach in terms of operation of electrical sections of networks intended for the installation of lighting devices (+)
However, let’s assume that the premises (residential or other purposes) are passable. Then the user will turn on the lights at the entrance, but when leaving the room through another door, he will no longer be able to de-energize the circuit. There is irrational use of electricity.
But the situation is easy to improve. And the option of connecting from two places in the room for a pass-through mode scheme will help to do this.
Long corridors of premises for different purposes are potential objects for the installation of control systems for light sources from different places. It is during the operation of such premises that the pressing issue of energy saving is raised.
For example, there is a room with a functional purpose - a corridor. It is required to control the general group of lamps for this room from two points - at the first (passage) door and at the second (passage) door.
Switching light from two places
The lighting of the project corridor consists of two light groups, so in this case it is logical to use two two-key switches for control.
Accordingly, in addition to them you will need:
- two socket boxes;
- one ;
- three-core cable.
The meterage of electrical conductors should be calculated after drawing up the diagram and layout of the wiring. It is recommended to purchase a cable with a small margin.
The control circuit for two light groups through two-key pass-through switches looks something like this:
This is the same switch, but in terms of circuit design it is made with five contact terminals, two of which are short-circuited with a jumper. The switching group of such a switch contains four contact pads.
A widely used circuit design for residential buildings: N, L – household network; RK – distribution box; L1 – light group; PV1, PV2 – pass-through switches; PRK – cross commutator (+)
The line cross-switching device is an additional element of the circuit, which also involves the installation of two pass-through switches.
Simple single-key instruments are used.
The operating principle of the three-seater scheme is as follows:
- A phase is connected to the “common” terminal PV1.
- The 1st and 2nd contacts of the crossover switch are connected from the changeover contact terminals.
- From the 3rd and 4th terminals of the crossover switch, connection to the 1st and 2nd terminals of the PV2 changeover contacts.
- The common terminal “common” PV2 is connected to one terminal of the light group.
- The second terminal of the light group is connected to the electrical zero.
Such solutions involving simple single-key devices are recommended for use in rooms where the number of inputs/outputs is equal to the number of control places.
Implementation of the circuit design according to Fig. 6 in a “natural” form. This is roughly what a completed installation looks like indoors, where a control system from three places is needed
For example, creating a similar circuit for the conditions of passing a long corridor, with 1 entrance and 1 exit, with switching in the central zone, is clearly impractical. Obviously, it makes no sense to turn off the lights when a person has only passed the first half of the corridor. Meanwhile, you can find similar recommendations from “professional” electricians on the Internet.
Schemes with control from more than three places
The number of control places is, in principle, unlimited. Another question is how complex such decisions are. The more devices are involved in the implementation of the control system, the more complex the construction scheme becomes.
The number of switched lines and contact terminals is increasing. Accordingly, costs for components and installation increase. However, projects with 4-5 control points are used quite actively. For example, this project:
It uses a pair of single-key simple pass-through switches and a pair of switches with a reversible switching function. The diagram shows only one light group. Meanwhile, it is possible to connect additional light groups.
Additional light groups
Additional light sources (light groups) can be connected via free terminals and act as light sources for intermediate transition zones. That is, in the same long corridors it becomes possible to use the circuit for a larger number of control positions.
Five-point control circuit for the light switching system: L1 – light group; N, L – network; On 1, On 2 – pass-through switches; On 3, On 4, On 5 – reversible switches (+)
In this case, light groups should be divided into action zones - entrance, intermediate, exit. With this solution, it is already possible to walk through a long corridor halfway, turn off the lights on the completed half and turn on the lights on the remaining half.
Multi-element schemes, of course, are of little use for the private residential sector, since projects of this kind rarely have long corridors or large rooms with several doors. But for the commercial sphere or production environment, solutions of this kind are in demand.
Principles of control system design
In general, there are no installation features for installing pass-through switches. All installation work is carried out in a standard manner, in accordance with the rules for installing conventional switching devices.
Classic installation detail for wiring inside walls. The socket box is installed (tightly walled up). An electrical cable is routed inside the socket box. A control device is connected (two-key)
If the budget allows, it is advisable to equip each individual device with a distribution box. Then you need to purchase small boxes according to the number of mounted switches. But the option with one RC is also not excluded.
The selection factors here are directly related to specific installation conditions. Typically, switches are installed “flush” with the wall surface - internal wiring diagram.
Meanwhile, the implementation of projects for private (country) properties often involves the installation of “overhead” (surface) installation schemes, despite the fact that this approach is considered obsolete.
For the first case, socket boxes will be required for installation. For the second - overhead plates. These accessories are necessary to securely mount switches in wall panel niches or directly on walls.
The cable is connected strictly according to the diagram indicated on the back of the device. The circuit layout of a single-key switch is simple. However, mismatch of conductors with incorrect wiring can result in failure of the device.
The electrical conductor, as a rule, is three-core cables, where two cores are needed to power the system, and the third is used to form a protective grounding loop.
Household lamps can be used without an “earth” if the body is non-metallic. Industrial lamps must have a grounding bus.
Of course, regardless of its purpose, domestic or industrial, the installed network is always connected through additional protection -. This device must be calculated based on power and cutoff current in relation to the built-through light control system.
Analysis of possible errors:
The appearance and implementation of devices of this kind in electrical networks may not be so significant, but it still affected the ease of use. Moreover, solutions based on pass-through switches actually lead to energy savings.
Meanwhile, the improvement of devices does not stop. New developments appear periodically, for example, similar to touch switches.
Do you have anything to add or have questions about connecting the pass-through switch? You can leave comments on the publication, participate in discussions and share your own experience in arranging an electrical network. The contact form is located in the lower block.
Often there is a need to “pass through” lighting. We are now talking about staircases and long corridors. After all, it is difficult to move around such rooms in the dark, and constantly switched on lighting is a big waste of electricity. How convenient is it to turn on the light when entering a corridor and turn it off when leaving? But here a question arises. After all, if a switch is turned on at the input, then it will not be possible to turn it off at the output... The solution here will be the equipment that appeared on our market relatively recently, which will be discussed today. The connection diagram for a pass-through switch from 2 places is not simple, but now we will try to figure it out.
The pass-through switch can be identified by the arrows on the key
But the cross switch has arrows located horizontally
What is a pass-through switch and how is it different from a regular one?
Let's start by defining these concepts:
- Switch is a two-position switching device with normally open two contacts, designed for operation in networks with voltages up to 1000 V. The switch is not designed to disconnect short-circuit currents unless it has special arc extinguishing equipment. For a household switch, its design is very important - for internal installation (for hidden wiring, built into the wall) or for external installation (for open wiring, mounted on the wall). Switches are mainly used to turn lights on/off.
- Switch is a device that switches one or more electrical circuits to several others. Outwardly, it is almost no different from a switch, only it has more contacts. So, for example, a single-key switch has three contacts, a two-key switch has six (represents two independent single-key switches).
This is the circuit diagram for connecting such devices
But if it is now clear how a switch differs from a switch, then it is worth thinking about what an adapter is. In general, its structure is something common between them. Although, if you think about the question “pass-through switch - what is it”, then we can say that it is more of a “switch”. And in order to more fully understand its operating principle and structure, let’s try to understand this in more detail.
What is the working principle of the pass-through
The operating principle of a pass-through switch is simple at first glance. A person enters a darkened corridor or a flight of stairs and turns on the lighting. Then, having passed the required territory, using another switch, he turns off the light. In this case, these actions can be repeated both in the same order and vice versa.
If we take a general look at the design of pass-through switches, we can say that it is a little more complicated than conventional ones. For example, before their appearance, to perform such a function from several points, magnetic starters were used, which have a higher price, are too large, and also emit some noise during operation.
The simplest connection diagram for a pass-through switch
The circuit design of such switches is similar to two-key switches. This means that, in principle, a double switch can be used in this capacity. The only inconvenience here is that a two-key switch can be used where a single-key switch is used. Hence the conclusion is that the pass-through saves space and time spent on installation.
Let's try to understand the essence of the work that needs to be done to independently manufacture such a device, as well as some of the nuances of connecting it.
How to make a pass-through switch from a regular one and its connection diagram
Before you make a pass-through switch from a regular one, you need to understand the method and diagram of its connection. Looking at the diagram of a simple two-key switch, you can see that it has one input and two output terminals. Then a pair of breakers in the circuit should be mounted as if in a mirror image. The phase input goes to the input terminal of the first, the output contacts of both breakers are connected to each other by two separate wires. Well, the input terminal of the second switch is connected to the consumer. Zero goes directly to the lamp.
But three-key switches can be without arrows. In this case, you need to look at the number of contacts
Important information! The inconvenience here is that to supply voltage to the consumer you have to turn off one key and turn on another. In addition, based on the installation diagram, you can understand that before installing a pass-through switch you need to make sure this is possible. This means that there must be a connection of 2 wires between the breakers (for single-key ones).
Connection diagrams for various types of pass-through switches
Such equipment, by analogy with conventional breakers, can be:
- Single-key – the simplest both in circuit design and installation;
- Two-key;
- Three-key.
There are also more complex types, but today we will not talk about them due to their rather rare use. Let's try to figure out how to properly connect a pass-through switch using some tips and instructions. Also, photo illustrations will certainly help the dear reader. After all, when the actions are clearly shown, installation is much easier.
Single-key switch connection diagram and complete installation instructions
The essence of the operation of the single-key cross switch itself is probably already clear. Therefore, now we will consider step by step how it is mounted, using visual examples of photos.
| Photo | Description of work |
|---|---|
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When open, the single-key switch looks like a regular two-key switch. The illustration shows the output contacts (top) and input contacts (bottom). |
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The other side requires further clarification. The Latin letter “L” indicates the input of the phase wire (or its output to the lighting device). |
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Numbers 1 and 2 are the connections between the breakers |
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This is a diagram of how the device works. It is by this marking that you can determine that this switch is a pass-through switch. |
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We are starting to install the first one. As is customary, according to the color marking, we connect the white phase wire to the input terminal |
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We connect the remaining two to the output contacts. In this case, their color does not matter - here you can also use a yellow-green wire, as happened in our case. The second switch is mounted in exactly the same way. |
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Let's move on to the distribution box. First of all, connect the zero of the input wire to the zero of the lamp. In our case, special “Wago” terminal blocks are used for switching. This method is more convenient. |
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The grounding coming through the input cable can be put aside when not in use. If land is needed, then it also goes directly to the consumer. |
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The phase from the power cable (white wire) goes to one of the switches. Which one is not of fundamental importance. After all, they are connected identically. |
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From the second switch the white wire will go to the lighting fixture. |
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All that remains is to connect the remaining wires coming from the breakers by color to each other. This is how we will provide a connection between them... |
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...and by applying power from the input panel, check the functionality of the entire mounted circuit. |
Thus, it becomes clear that there are no particular difficulties in installing a pass-through single-key switch.
Very important! Before carrying out any work related to electrical installation, it is necessary to remove the voltage from the input circuit breaker. Electric shock is dangerous not only to health, but also to life.
Nuances of the connection diagram for two-key pass-through switches
First, let's figure out in which case two keys may be needed. It's quite simple. For example, there is a flight of stairs on 2 floors. Why turn on the lights for everyone, if you can turn on the lights from below on the first floor, after passing it, switch the lights to the second, and then turn off everything there. After all, energy savings in this case will be greater. It’s the same in an ordinary corridor - why do you need full, bright lighting if you can only turn on the emergency light.
Installation here is a little more complicated - after all, each of the switches no longer has 3 contacts, but 6. This means that the cable cores going to them need 2 times more than in the previous case. That is why it is important not to get confused when wiring the junction box. Otherwise, all actions are the same. If you think about it, installing a pair of such switches can be compared to switching four single-key switches.
Helpful advice! When laying cables for mounting a circuit of pass-through two-key switches, it is advisable to mark the wires going to a particular lamp. This is easy to do with the help of colored electrical tape, but such actions will save you from unnecessary work in the future.
Connecting a pass-through double switch is done as follows.
| Photo | Action to be performed |
|---|---|
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As you can see, there are six contacts in such a switch. It comes with 2 three-wire cables. The markings of the terminals show that there are 2 sockets for phase wires, designated “L1” and “L2” |
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Terminals 1,2,3 and 4 are intended for switching switches |
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It is worth noting that the remaining 2 wires of the wire, the phase of which goes to “L1”, must be connected to terminals 1 and 2... |
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...The same applies to the second cable. |
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To avoid confusion later, it is better to mark both sides of one piece of cable with colored electrical tape. The second one can be left as is |
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The other switch is mounted completely identically, the wires are also marked (in our case with green electrical tape) |
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Be sure to check that there is no power on the incoming wire, through which it will subsequently be supplied |
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First of all, we connect the incoming zero to both light sources |
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Now the incoming phase is spread across both feeds of one of the switches. Which one doesn’t matter |
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Then we work exclusively with the outgoing wires, pairing the switches according to the color coding. Don't forget about cables marked with electrical tape. |
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Having completed this work, all that remains is to connect the white wires coming out of the second connector each with one of the lamps and apply power |
As you can see, there is a certain complexity in this work, but it is still quite doable.
Important! Electrical installation of any device, especially something like this, requires maximum composure, care and accuracy. Electricity does not forgive mistakes.
And now, having understood how to connect a double pass-through switch, you can move on to complex circuits.
Related article:
In this article we will tell you how difficult it is connection diagram for two-button switch, simultaneously considering the single-key one. And for convenience, we will also provide step-by-step instructions for such work with photo examples.
Installation and connection diagram of a three-key pass-through switch
The connection diagram for a pass-through triple switch is fundamentally no different from the previous options. The only difference here is the number of wires. The fact is that such a device no longer has 6, but 9 terminals. By analogy with the previous option, 3 more wires are added. In this case, 2 out of 3 are already marked with multi-colored electrical tape.
Schematic illustration of a two-key switch
How to connect pass-through switches: connection diagrams and video instructions
In order to more clearly understand how to connect a pass-through switch, we invite the dear reader to watch the video instructions, which will more clearly and completely explain the installation algorithm.
But there are times when it is necessary to install a pass-through switch in three or even four rooms. With this option, it will no longer be possible to use only pass-throughs - there can only be two of them in the scheme. This means additional equipment is required. It's called a crossover switch. Connecting it is also not too difficult. Especially if the home master has already dealt with the previous installation in detail. But we can’t help but talk about crossover breakers.
Connection diagram for a pass-through switch from 2 places: summary of information
We discussed the connection diagrams for 2-point pass-through switches above step by step, but some clarifications should still be made. In general, in electrical engineering, when it comes to designing and planning wiring in a building, there is no such thing as “installing a pass-through switch.” The singular number is unacceptable here. In any such scheme, connecting pass-through switches from two places is an axiom. As the number of control points increases, cross ones are included in the circuit. But still, there will always be only two passers-by, no more, no less.
In the image: 2,3,4 and 5 – cross switches
But if the diagram for connecting switches from two places is clear, then what to do if it is necessary to control from several points? We'll figure out.
Connection diagram for a pass-through switch with 3 places: installation nuances
We should start with the fact that, to be extremely precise, there are no diagrams for connecting pass-through switches from 3 places. Indeed, in this case, additional contacts are needed for switching in such devices. But this expression has already become firmly established in the everyday life of electricians. Everyone understands perfectly well what we are talking about.
Pass-through switches can even be like this
The fact is that installation of a 3-point pass-through switch connection diagram involves the inclusion of an additional link - a cross switch. Connection is quite simple. According to the diagram located on the back cover of the switch, it is included in the gap between the pass-throughs. You can learn more about this in the following video.
How to connect a pass-through switch from 4 places
The connection diagram for a 4-point pass-through switch is completely no different from the previous one. Here we just add one more cross. Thus, by adding cross switches, you can increase the number of control points.
Important! If pass-through switches installed in rooms have 2 keys, then cross switches should also have two. In this case there will be 8 wires (in a 3-keyboard there will be 12).
Review of manufacturers offering similar equipment
Nowadays, the range of such equipment on the shelves of electrical stores is quite wide. This means that you can choose and buy a pass-through switch at different prices, which depend on the manufacturer. Let's try to list the most popular brands, and then compare them by price:
- "Legrand"
- "ABB";
- "Schneider Electric";
- "Viko"
- "Lezard"
These are the most popular brands on Russian shelves, and therefore it is worth considering the prices they set for walk-through switches.
Typically transfer switches are used in such designs.
Legrand is the most popular brand
Legrand pass-through switches have a fairly wide range of models, differing both in color and type. Let's try to cite just a few of them.
| Photo | Model | Color | Number of keys | Cost, rub. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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Legrand Mosaic 2M | White | 1 | 1200 |
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Legrand Valena | Ivory | 1 | 600 |
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Legrand Celiane | Beige | 1 | 250 |
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Legrand Valena | White | 2 | 450 |
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Legrand Quteo | Ivory | 1 | 250 |
The pass-through switch significantly expands the user's ability to control lighting devices. The design and connection diagram of the pass-through switch allows you to control one lighting device or a group of lamps from several places. This is widely used in buildings, individual rooms and structures for various purposes with large areas.
By having walk-through switches at different ends of a stadium, concert hall or other large venue, you can turn on all the lighting at the entrance. If you need to exit the structure on the opposite side, you do not need to return to the switch that turned on the light - there is the same pass-through switch at the other exit. Electrical circuits with pass-through switches allow you to control lighting from several different locations.
Design and operating principle
The pass-through switch is no different in appearance from conventional products. The significant difference is in the design of the contact group, which is hidden inside the housing.
A simple switch closes and opens an electrical circuit on one wire. The connection diagram for a pass-through switch, when the position of the keys changes, opens one circuit and immediately closes another. The principle of switching the contacts of the circuit ensures that the switches operate in pairs to control the same light source. According to the technical solution, it would be correct to call such an element in the circuit not a pass-through switch, but a switch. Professional terminology has already been formed, and changes can only create more confusion, so everything remains as it is.
When the contacts of the pass-through switch are switched, one section of the lighting circuit opens and another section closes. The connection diagram of the pass-through switch is changed so that any of the switches is ready to turn the light on or off. A pass-through switch can only be used in conjunction with another. In practice, it is possible to connect a pass-through switch to the circuit so that it works as a simple one, but then the meaning of all the elements of its design is lost.
Kinds
Like regular switches, pass-through switches are divided depending on the type of wiring: for external wiring, for hidden wiring.
According to the design of the contact terminals: terminals with screw clamps, spring clamp terminals.
By number of keys:
- single-key;
- two-key;
- three-key.
They have everything like conventional switches, the difference is in the design and operation of the contact group. The principle of a single-key pass-through switch is to switch the input contact to one of two output contacts. Two-key pass-through switches, like three-key switches, contain 2 or 3 contact group designs of a single-key switch in their housing.
- a single-key switch has one input terminal and two output terminals;
- two-key switch - two input terminals and four output terminals;
- three-key switch - three input terminals and six output terminals.
Lighting control from 2 places
One lighting fixture or group of fixtures can be controlled from two places: sconces in the hallway or lampposts along the garden path. You will need a regular circuit for connecting a pass-through switch, more precisely with two pass-through single-key switches, because they only work in pairs. Using this example, it is easiest to understand how pass-through switches work. The figure below shows how to connect a pass-through switch to the circuit.
The phase from the 220 V network is connected to the input terminal of one of the pass-through switches, its output terminals are connected to the output of the second. The free input terminal of the second switch remains; it is connected to the lighting fixture. The second contact of the lighting device is connected to the neutral wire of the network. The diagram shows that the lamp is in the off state; when the position of the group of contacts of any switch changes, current is supplied to it. The next switch on one of the two switches breaks the circuit and the lamp goes out.
Closer to real conditions, the installation diagram is shown by a picture of the wiring of cables and wires in the junction box. According to the requirements of the PUE (Electrical Installation Rules), in this case a cable with three copper conductors is used:
- red – phase;
- blue – 0;
- yellow-green – ground wire.
The circuit is divided into four circuit sections:
- cable from the 220 V power supply: from the circuit breaker in the distribution board to the box;
- cable from one pass-through switch to the switch box;
- cable from another pass-through switch to the junction box;
- cable from the lighting fixture to the junction box.
There are four cables in the box.
To control two lighting groups, a two-key pass-through switch connection diagram is used. If a person understands how single-key pass-through switches are connected, he will figure out how to connect a triple switch.
Lighting control from 3 places
To control lighting from three places, you will need a cross-through switch. You can install it in any place convenient for use. In the circuit, a crossover switch is connected between conventional pass-through switches. They can be used on flights of stairs, for lighting courtyards and other objects, at the request of the customer.
It’s easy to make a cross switch with your own hands; to do this, you need to slightly modify the two-key pass-through switch. Two jumpers are placed on the output contacts, and the two keys are combined into one; you can simply glue one to the other. It is necessary to glue it so that the mounting holes on the keys coincide with the pins on the switch. The gap between the keys can be compensated with a cardboard spacer, to which plastic strips must be glued on both sides.
Diagrams A1 and A2 (below) show different connection options, but the functional purpose remains the same - the principle of pairwise transfer of contacts is observed.
In cases where the lighting element is a large chandelier with two groups of light bulbs or just two rows of sconces along a long corridor, two-key pass-through and cross switches must be used. The circuit is a little more complicated, but it is clear that the same principle of switching contacts works. When the light source is turned off by one switch, the contacts close the circuits of the other switches.
The circuit is in such a state that when any key of this group of lamps is pressed, current flows to the contacts of the lamps. Based on these circuits, it is possible to control lighting from four or more places by inserting additional cross switches.
Usage example
For a situation where you need to walk through a dark yard to the house, a circuit with pass-through switches in two places is ideal.
in a private home it is easy to implement this project with your own hands. In the hallway next to the distribution board you need to install a distribution box and one pass-through switch. The second one needs to be placed on the inside of the fence near the gate; lamp posts installed along the path can be used as lighting fixtures. Large electrical supply stores have many options with original decorative finishes.
The connection should be made according to the diagram described above. It is recommended to lay cables from the street switch and between poles underground in plastic pipes. There is no need to bury it deeply; 30-40 cm will be enough to protect against mechanical damage. There is no point in taking into account the depth of freezing in each region; this is not a water supply system; copper wires will not freeze.
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Pass-through switch diagram
This wiring diagram for a pass-through switch differs from connecting a conventional switch only in the design of the switch itself and the number of wires.
The design differs in that it does not have an “Off” position. The pass-through switch directs current to one of the terminals. The lighting is turned off when the pass-through switches are in different positions.
In the case of a conventional switch, only 2 wires are involved in the circuit, but in a pass-through circuit there are 3. One is the supply and phase output for pass-through switches, and the other 2 are jumpers between two route switches.
Connecting a pass-through switch with your own hands
The neutral wire runs through the junction box to the lamp.
A phase wire passes into the box and comes out of it to switch No. 1.
The two output contacts of the first switch are connected through the box to the two output contacts of the second switch.
Through the second pass-through switch, the contact goes to the lamp.
Everything is described in more detail and shown in the video: How to connect a pass-through switch.
How to connect a two-key pass-through switch
Connecting a two-key pass-through switch essentially differs only in the number of keys and wires, the circuit remains the same. The switch circuit already has 6 wires. Four of them are outputs and two are inputs, two outputs each for the switch keys.
How to make a two-key pass-through switch
The neutral wire runs through the junction box to the lamps.
The phase wire is connected to the first switch (distributed to each key).
The two ends of the phase wire are connected to their pair of outputs of the first switch.
The four outputs of the first switch are connected to the four outputs of the second switch (one pair for each key).
Phases come out from each key along a wire and are connected separately to two different lamps (light bulbs).
Details shown in the video:
samoremont.com
What does a pass-through switch look like and work?
If we talk about the front side, the only difference is: a barely noticeable arrow on the up and down key.
If we talk about the electrical circuit, everything is also simple: in ordinary switches there are only two contacts, in pass-through switches (also called changeover contacts) there are three contacts, two of which are common. There are always two or more such devices in the circuit, and they are switched using these common wires.
The operating principle is simple. By changing the position of the key, the input is connected to one of the outputs. That is, these devices have only two working positions:
- input connected to output 1;
- input is connected to output 2.
There are no other intermediate provisions. Thanks to this, everything works. Because the contact switches from one position to another, electricians believe it is more correct to call them “switches.” So a pass-through switch is also this device.
In order not to rely on the presence or absence of arrows on the keys, you need to inspect the contact part. Branded products should have a diagram on them that allows you to understand what type of equipment you have in your hands. It is definitely found on products from Lezard, Legrand, and Viko. They are often absent on Chinese copies.
If there is no such diagram, look at the terminals (copper contacts in the holes): there should be three of them. But not always on inexpensive copies the terminal that stands alone is the input. They are often confused. To find where the common contact is located, you need to ring the contacts with each other at different key positions. This must be done, otherwise nothing will work, and the device itself may burn out.
You will need a tester or multimeter. If you have a multimeter, set it to sound mode - it beeps when there is contact. If you have a pointer tester, ring for a short circuit. Place the probe on one of the contacts, find which of the two it rings with (the device beeps or the arrow shows a short circuit - it deviates to the right all the way). Without changing the position of the probes, change the position of the key. If the short circuit is missing, one of these two is common. Now all that remains is to check which one. Without switching the key, move one of the probes to another contact. If there is a short circuit, then the contact from which the probe was not moved is the common one (this is the input).
It may become clearer if you watch a video on how to find the input (common contact) for a pass-through switch.
How to connect a hob is written here, and how to install and turn on a water heater is written in this article.
Connection diagram for a pass-through switch from two places
This scheme is convenient in a two-story house on the stairs, in a passage room, in a long corridor. You can also use it in the bedroom - turn off the overhead light at the entrance and near the bed (how many times did you have to get up to turn it on/off?).
Zero and ground (if any) are connected directly to the lamp. The phase is supplied to the output of the first switch, the input of the second is connected to the free wire of the lamp, the outputs of the two devices are connected to each other.
Looking at this diagram, it is easy to understand how the pass-through switch works. In the position shown in the figure, the lamp is on. By pressing the key of any of the devices, we break the chain. In the same way, when in the off position, by moving any of them to another position, we will close the circuit through one of the jumpers and the lamp will light up.
To make it clearer what to connect to what, and how to lay the wires, here are a few images.
If we talk about the room, then you need to lay the wires approximately as in the photo below. According to modern rules, all of them should be located at a distance of 15 cm from the ceiling. They can be placed in mounting boxes or trays; the ends of the wires are inserted into mounting boxes. This is convenient: if necessary, you can replace the broken wire. Also, according to the latest standards, all connections occur only in installation boxes and using contactors. If you make twists, it is better to solder them and wrap them well with electrical tape on top.
The return wire of the lamp is connected to the output of the second switch. White indicates the wires connecting the outputs of both devices.
How to connect everything in the terminal box is described in the video.
Read how to connect the chandelier yourself here.
3 point circuit
To be able to turn the light on/off from three places, you need to buy a cross (cross) switch for two switches. It differs from those described earlier by the presence of two inputs and two outputs. It switches a couple of contacts at once. See the figure for how everything should be organized. If you understand the above, this one is easy to understand.
How to assemble such a circuit? Here's the procedure:
- Zero (and ground, if any) is connected directly to the lamp.
- The phase is connected to the input of one of the pass-through switches (with three inputs).
- The input of the second is fed to the free wire of the lamp.
- The two outputs of one three-pin device are connected to the input of a crossover switch (with four inputs).
- The two outputs of the second three-pin device are connected to the second pair of switch contacts with four inputs.
The same diagram, but from a different perspective - where to connect the wires on the housings.
And this is approximately how to distribute it around the room.
If you need a circuit with four, five or more points, then it differs only in the number of cross switches (for four inputs/outputs). There are always two switches (with three inputs/outputs) in any circuit - at the very beginning and at the very end of the circuit. All other elements are cross devices.
Remove one “crossbar” and you get a four-point control scheme. Add more and there will be a scheme for 6 control places.
To finally get it all in your head, watch this video.
Read about the rules for connecting wires in a junction box here.
Two-key pass-through switch: connection diagram
To control the lighting of two lamps (or groups of lamps) from one switch from several places, there are two-key pass-through switches. They have six contacts. If necessary, find the common wires using the same principle as in a conventional device of this type, only you will have to connect a larger number of wires.
The connection diagram for a 2-key pass-through switch differs only in that there will be more wires: the phase must be supplied to both inputs of the first switch, just as from the two inputs of the second it must go to two lamps (or two groups of lamps, if we are talking about a multi-arm chandelier ).
If you need to organize control of two light sources from three or more points, you will have to install two cross switches at each point: there are simply no two-key switches. In this case, one pair of contacts is placed on one crossbar, the second on the other. And then, if necessary, they are connected to each other. The outputs of both crossbars are connected to the last two-key transition switch in the chain.
If you think about it, everything is not so complicated, and the connection diagram for a pass-through switch from 2 points is generally simple. Just a lot of wires...
stroychik.ru
Pass-through switch - do it yourself!
Hi all!
In this video we will talk about a pass-through switch, a lighting circuit using pass-through switches, and how to do it yourself!
Let's figure out in what cases this is needed! If your apartment or house has long corridors, walk-through rooms and stairs to another floor, then using a traditional lighting scheme with one switch per room causes some inconvenience. To turn off the light in the hallway, you need to return to the front door, and then walk back in the dark, the same thing in long corridors and walk-through rooms, and even on staircase sections it is generally unacceptable! The mileage of useless walking increases sharply and this is somehow annoying. The cheapest way to reduce wear and tear on house slippers, save you time and increase comfort is to introduce pass-through switches into a traditional lighting scheme or, if at the construction/renovation stage, assemble this lighting scheme from scratch. Of course, there is an alternative, you can install an acoustic sensor or a motion sensor, but this is more expensive and very often the light turns off at the most inopportune moment! It’s better to illuminate your life’s path with your own hands!
The lighting circuit with pass-through switches is quite simple
A single-key pass-through switch differs from a conventional switch in the presence of a third contact and the main contact is always closed to one of the remaining two. It is important to accurately identify this main contact using a tester or LED indicator screwdriver if it is not marked by the manufacturer. After you have decided on the location of the switches, box and lamp, you need to lay the wires. The box should come with:
1. Power wire, two-wire (or three-wire if grounded)
2. Wire from the lamp, two-wire (or three-wire if with grounding)
3. Wire from the first switch, three-wire
4. Wire from the second switch, three-wire
As a rule, in a three-core wire, each wire has its own color, choose whichever one you like, but a wire of the same color must be connected to the main contact in both switches (orange wire in the picture)! The remaining two wires are connected to the remaining contacts of the switch in any order.
Let's start assembling the box. The figure shows that the main contact of the first switch is connected to the phase of the supply wire, and the main contact of the second switch is connected to one of the wires from the lamp, the remaining four wires from the switches are connected to each other in color blue with blue, yellow-green with yellow-green , For example. The neutral core of the supply wire is connected to the remaining unconnected core of the wire from the lamp. If there is a third grounding conductor in the supply wire, then it is connected to the grounding conductor that goes to the lamp. All connections must be securely insulated. As a result, the first switch switches the phase, and the second switches the light bulb!
That's all there is to it. Apply voltage and “let there be light”! If there is still not enough light, then several lamps can be connected in parallel to the lamp, depending on the length of the corridor, for example.
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Connection diagram for pass-through switches
Pass-through switches are always used only in pairs, that is, there can only be two of them in the circuit, but not one or three. The connection diagram in the case of using two pass-through switches will look like this:
In practice, I usually use a VVG 3x1.5 cable, which has three wires - white, blue, yellow-green. See installation example below. So, in order not to get confused, I follow the rule: the input of the circuit (pin 1 SA1) is white, I connect the second and third contacts with blue and yellow, respectively, the output of the circuit (pin 1 SA2) is white. The light bulb is always connected to white (phase) and blue (zero) wires.
As can be seen from the diagram, the EL lamp will light only when switches SA1 and SA2 are in the same position - either upper or lower. When the positions are different, no current flows in the circuit.
Light control from multiple places: cross switch
There can only be two pass-through switches in the circuit. If you need to control lighting from three or more places, then a circuit with a cross (double pass-through) switch is used:
A crossover switch can be made from a double pass switch. To do this, just fasten the two keys together and connect the necessary contacts according to the diagram. If you use several cross switches, you can control the lighting from several places.
I live on the fifth floor. It happens that when I go up to my floor, I notice that it’s a little dark and I should have turned on the light on the second floor. On the second one, I didn’t think about it, since the light that turns on on the first one is on. But the diagram given above - for several floors - would completely eliminate this problem - turn on the light in the entrance wherever you want.
In practice, crossover switches are used very rarely.
If you need to turn on lighting from several places, then you can (both better and easier) use a staircase switch, as described in the article about connecting a staircase switch and a bistable relay on SamElectric.ru.
From the walk-through - a regular switch
There are situations when you need to install a switch, but you only have a pass-through switch at hand. The question arises - how to convert a pass-through switch into a regular one?
It doesn’t matter, you can install the pass-through as usual, no difference.
A pass-through switch, if used alone (without a pair), becomes a regular switch. In this case, one of its contacts is either not used, or the switch can switch between two lighting lines:
A two-key pass-through switch consists of two independent pass-through switches. Using two double pass-through switches is the same as using four regular pass-through switches. The only difference is in the number of mounting boxes.
Therefore, if you need to convert a pass-through switch into a regular one, you just need not connect one of its outer terminals, otherwise connect it in the same way as a regular one.
Here, exactly, is the answer to a similar question from a reader (see comments, dated August 16, 2017) - what to do if there are pass-through switches, but you need regular ones?
Here is the diagram shown in the photo of the switch:
In this case, a double pass-through switch is shown (i.e., two pass-through switches in one housing). Contacts 2 and 5 are medium, they are constantly supplied with phase. Accordingly, the phase is removed from contacts 3 and 4 after switching and goes to the light bulb. And zero is constantly supplied to the light bulb.
If the light bulbs are turned on by keys in different directions, then you just need to connect the light bulb to another output contact of the switch. For the left - not to 3, but to 6. For the right - not to 4, but 1.
Important! I'm not entirely sure that the middle contact in the switch is 2 and 5. The diagram is drawn somehow implicitly...
In conclusion, I will note one more difference between pass-through switches and conventional ones. The number of wires to the pass-through switch is not two, but three. And four wires should be connected to the crossover. This must be taken into account in advance when laying the wiring.
Connection diagram for pass-through switch
For a connection example, we use a Gunsan Visage two-key pass-through switch, the photo of which is shown below:
By the way, there is no backlight in such switches. At least I haven't met one.
Removing the keys and decorative panel:
During installation, the pass-through switch must have 3 wires; in our case, the two-key switch must have 6 wires.
There is no need to be afraid of the abundance of wires; connecting a single-key switch from a two-key pass-through switch differs only in that a two-key switch is actually two single-key switches in one case.
The colors of the wires must be clearly remembered, and it is better to sketch them on the diagram so as not to make mistakes during installation. The quote above provides a mnemonic rule that is best used during installation and connection.
We put on the cover, install the keys - and the connection of the pass-through switch is complete!
Article update.
And this is more of a humor...
A pass-through means it has the ability to be switched off from different places, doesn’t it?
samelectric.ru
Why are pass-through switches needed?
Most often, such switches are used in the following places:
- on the stairs. You can install switches on the 1st and 2nd floors. We turn on the lights at the bottom, go up the stairs, and turn them off at the top. For houses with a height of more than two floors, additional switches can be added to the circuit;
- in the bedrooms. We install a switch at the entrance to the room, and another one or even two near the bed. We entered the bedroom, turned on the light, got ready for bed, lay down and turned off the lighting with a device installed near the bed;
- in the corridors. We install a switch at the beginning and at the end of the corridor. We go in, turn on the light, reach the end, turn it off.
The list can be continued for a very long time, because for almost every situation there is its own option for using a pass-through switch system.
Switch installation diagrams
There are several options for connecting the devices in question. We bring to your attention the most popular and successful of them.
Circuit for controlling lighting from two places
The system is assembled from two single-type pass-through switches.
Each of these devices has one contact at the input and a pair of contacts at the output.
The “zero” wire is connected from the power source through the distribution box to the lighting fixture. The phase cable, also passing through the box, is connected to the common contact of the first switch. The output contacts of this switch are connected via a box to the output contacts of the next device.
Finally, the wire from the common contact of the 2nd switch is connected to the lighting fixture via a junction box.
Control multiple groups of lighting fixtures from two locations
There is an option that allows you to control different groups of lighting fixtures from two places. For example, we need to organize the ability to control lighting in a room directly from the room itself and from the adjacent corridor. There is a chandelier with 5 lights. We can install a pass-through switch system to turn on and off two groups of light bulbs in our chandelier.
The diagram shows the option of dividing the light bulbs into 2 groups. One has 3, the other has 2. The number of lighting fixtures in groups can change at the discretion of the owner.
To set up such a system, we also use 2 pass-through switches, but they must be of a double type, and not single, as in the previous version.
The double switch design has 2 contacts at the input and 4 at the output. Otherwise, the connection procedure remains similar to the previous method, only the number of cables and controlled lighting fixtures changes.
Lighting control from three places
This connection method differs from previous options only in that a cross switch is added to the circuit. This device has 2 contacts at the input and a similar number of contacts at the output.
You have become familiar with the most popular installation schemes for pass-through switches. However, the number of such devices does not necessarily have to be limited to two or three. If necessary, the circuit can be expanded to include the required number of devices. The principle of operation remains the same for all cases: at the beginning and at the end of the circuit, a single pass-through switch with three contacts is installed, and cross devices with four contacts are used as intermediate elements.
We install switches to control lighting from three different places
If there are usually no problems with setting up a system to control lighting from two different places, because Since the circuit has a simple form, installing three switches can cause certain difficulties for an unprepared installer.
We will look at how to install a system of two pass-through and one crossover switches. By analogy, you can assemble a circuit from a larger number of devices.
Before carrying out any further work, turn off the power supply.
To do this, find the corresponding switch in the in-house electrical panel or in the panel on the site (for apartment owners). Additionally, make sure that there is no voltage in the switch wires using a special indicator screwdriver. Also perform a similar check at the installation locations of the devices.
Set for work
- Flathead and Phillips screwdrivers.
- Wire stripping tool. Can be replaced with a regular knife.
- Side cutters or pliers.
- Level.
- Indicator screwdriver.
- Hammer.
- Roulette.
Preparation of grooves and niches
To install switches, we must first prepare grooves in the wall for laying electrical cables, energize the wires and extend them to the locations of the installed devices.
To drill concrete walls, it is most convenient to use a hammer drill. If the partitions are made of limestone, it is better to make the indentations using a chisel, because In such material, the punch will leave a groove that is too wide and deep, which will make fixing the wire difficult and will require more cement or plaster consumption in the future.
It is not recommended to use a hammer drill for chipping brick walls - it can split the masonry. In such a situation, the only safe solution is to lay the cables in pre-adapted joints between the masonry elements.
Wooden walls are not grooved - the wires are laid in special protective boxes. Most often, the cable is pulled under the baseboard and brought out directly under the switch installation site.
First step. We begin the work by connecting the wires to the electrical panel. There should not be any difficulties at this stage - modern devices allow you to connect up to 8 or more wires at once.
Important point! First we need to determine the optimal cable cross-section. Domestic power grids can hardly be called stable. The current strength in them constantly fluctuates, and in moments of overload it even increases to dangerous values. To avoid problems with wiring, we use copper wires with a cross-section of 2.5 mm 2.
Second step. Select a convenient height for installing switches. At this point, we focus entirely on our preferences.
Third step. Having decided on the installation height of the switches, we proceed to gating. The width and depth of the grooves are 1.5 times larger than the diameter of the wire.
Important point! The wires are connected to the switches from below, so we install the groove 5-10 cm below the installation points of the switches. This requirement is relevant from a purely practical point of view, because in such conditions, working with cables is easier and more convenient.
Fourth step. We lay the wires in grooves. We fix the wiring elements with small nails. We drive nails into the wall so that they support the cable and prevent it from falling out. Before attaching the wires, we need to insert them into the subswitch (installation box). We will consider this point in the main section of the instructions. We will plaster the grooves after installing all the switches, making sure that the system is working.
| Nom. current, A | Cable cross-section, mm2 | Permissible cable current, A | Cable outer diameter, mm |
|---|---|---|---|
| 16 | 2x1.5 | 20 | 13 |
| 16 | 3x1.5 | 18 | 13,6 |
| 40 | 2x2.5 | 27 | 14,6 |
| 40 | 3x4 | 32 | 17,6 |
| 63 | 1x10 | 75 | 13,2 |
| 63 | 2x10 | 60 | 21,6 |
| 63 | 3x16 | 70 | 24,9 |
| 100, 160 | 1x16 | 100 | 14,2 |
| 100, 160 | 2x25 | 100 | 27 |
| 100, 160 | 3x25 | 118 | 31,2 |
Fifth step. We make holes for installing switches according to the size of the devices used.
Let's move on to the main stage of work.
Installing switches
First step. We run the wires from the junction box into the subswitch. We cut the cables so that approximately 100 mm of their length remains in the installation box. Side cutters or pliers will help us with this. We remove approximately 1-1.5 cm of insulation from the ends of the wires.
Second step. Install the pass-through switch. We connect the phase cable (in our example it is white) to the terminal marked in the form of the letter L. We connect the remaining two cables to the terminals marked with arrows.
In your case, the color of the cables may vary. Don't know how to lay and connect the wires in the junction box? Then do the following. Turn off the electricity and find the phase. An indicator screwdriver will help you. A phase is a live cable. It is this that you connect to the terminal with the letter L, and the remaining wires are randomly connected to the terminals marked with arrows.
Third step. We install the cross switch. 4 wires are connected to it. We have a pair of cables, each of which has blue and white cores.
Let's understand the order of terminal markings on the switch. At the top we see a pair of arrows pointing “inside” the device, while at the bottom they are pointing “away” from it.
We connect the first pair of cables from the previously installed pass-through switch to the terminals at the top. We connect the remaining two cables to the terminals below.
To find live cables, we turn on the electricity and find the phases one by one. First, we determine the first one by changing the position of the key of the first pass-through switch. We find the next phase on the crossover switch cables. Next, we just have to connect the remaining wires to the terminals below.
Fourth step. Let's start connecting the last switch. We need to find the cables in it through which the voltage from the crossover switch flows. Our cables are blue and yellow. We connect them to the terminals marked with arrows. The white cable remains. We connect it to the terminal marked with the letter L.
We already know the procedure for identifying live cables. In the case of the second switch, we need to connect a wire that will not have voltage to the L terminal.
Fifth step. Carefully insert the device mechanisms into the mounting boxes. We carefully bend the wires to the base. We secure the devices. Fasteners in the mounting box or “claws” for clamping mechanisms will help us with this.
Sixth step. We attach the frame of each switch and secure it with the clasp from the kit.
Seventh step. We mount the switch keys.
In conclusion, all we have to do is connect the lighting fixtures with the wires coming from the junction boxes, check the correct operation of the system and seal the strobes.
Good luck!
A correctly assembled double switch connection diagram allows you to control two different lighting groups from two places independently of each other. Two two-key pass-through switches will operate in two directions.
Installation instructions:
- Two two-key switches are mounted at selected locations in installation boxes (socket boxes).
- All groups of connected lighting are placed: lamps, sconces or a chandelier with several points of light. Each light source must be connected to one three-wire cable: phase (L), protective (ground), working zero (N).
- A cable of the required length (3x1.5 mm2) is selected, taking into account the fact that 6 contacts - two three-core cables - are suitable for the switches.
- In the distribution box (BK), the wires are connected according to the diagram.
- It is possible to install such a circuit using four single pass-through switches, but replacement will not be rational. Installing double pass-through switches is more profitable, as it saves cables and junction boxes.
A double pass-through switch can be converted into a single crossover switch. To do this, the contacts are connected to each other, and the keys are secured together to work together at the same time.
much simpler and can help organize control of electric lighting from two points.
You can find out how to choose and install the right ventilation system for a country house by clicking here.
Also, any pass-through switch can be used as a regular one. In this case, one of the contacts is either not connected at all, or is also connected for another independent adjustment of the existing lighting line. Now you know how to properly connect, or as electricians say, disconnect, a two-key pass-through switch.