Finishing
Large concrete blocks for the foundation. concrete block foundation

Large concrete blocks for the foundation. concrete block foundation

Concrete has long been used for the production of a wide variety of products and structures, and if earlier reinforced concrete products were made from this material and foundation and monolithic systems were poured, then in our time it is used much more widely. In private development, concrete blocks 20x20 × 40 are very popular - it is very convenient to work with them with your own hands, and in industrial construction, FBS blocks are in great demand.

Features of concrete blocks

To understand why the products of this group are so popular, it is necessary to consider their main advantages:

A wide range of products, allowing you to choose the optimal configuration for any width of the foundation. Of course, the most popular option is 20x20x40 concrete blocks, but sometimes they simply don’t fit, so you have to use other configurations.
High, obtained after construction. Solid products are able to withstand even significant loads, and hollow options allow you to create strong and durable walls. If you need special reliability, then options with groove fastening are suitable, they are fixed especially securely, and the walls after completion of work are much stronger.

In the photo - a tongue-and-groove connection system, which allows you to create strong longitudinal and corner joints for maximum strength

Choice of manufacturing options: You can purchase both solid concrete blocks and hollow products, which are lighter in weight, making them much more convenient to work with. In addition, you can purchase options with a filler, most often it is either slag or expanded clay. And finally, the most common option is that they are characterized by low weight and high thermal insulation characteristics.
Possibility of self-manufacturing. The instructions for carrying out the work are very simple, besides, the size of the finished product can be different - it all depends on which form will be used. It is worth remembering that you should not make too large dimensions, for example, you are unlikely to lift solid concrete blocks 40 by 40 by 40, so it is better to make elements of generally accepted sizes.

The price of this group of products, regardless of the variety, is quite democratic, which makes them affordable for the widest range of developers. But you should not chase cheapness when buying, since too low a cost most often indicates an appropriate quality.

Important!
When buying, you should ask the seller for the availability of documents certifying the quality of the product.
This is the only way to ensure that the products are manufactured in the factory in compliance with all the necessary technology requirements.

Types of blocks and their features

All products of this type can be divided into two large groups depending on the specifics of the application. Let's take a closer look at each of them.

Elements for foundations

Products of this group must meet several basic requirements:

Strength	All base elements are subjected to a range of adverse loads and therefore must meet the highest quality requirements.
Moisture resistance	A very important factor that directly affects reliability. Since concrete itself does not belong to materials that are highly resistant to moisture, it must be further processed or water-repellent additives added to the composition.
Frost resistance	Since winters are quite cold in most parts of our country, concrete must have high frost resistance.
Ease of use	A very important condition, because the more convenient it is to work with products, the higher the quality of work. To work with large elements, it is necessary to involve lifting equipment

The following types of blocks for the foundation can be distinguished:

A widely used and well-known dembler is concrete blocks 20x20x40, which are used most often due to their ease of use and affordable cost. Products are produced in full-bodied, although, as studies have shown, the presence of several small cutouts does not significantly affect the overall strength, but the load on the base is reduced and the thermal insulation properties are improved, which is also an important factor.
FBS blocks are large in size, so installation can be carried out as soon as possible. The disadvantage can be called a large mass of products (if you ask how much a concrete block weighs 240 by 40 by 60, you will be surprised - 1,300 kilograms). Naturally, it is simply impossible to carry out work without lifting equipment.

It is worth noting that the dimensions of reinforced concrete blocks vary within a fairly wide range - from 90 to 30 to 60, and up to 240 to 60 to 60. But even the smallest version weighs 350 kilograms, so you will need a lift anyway.

Wall blocks

This group includes a wide variety of products.

Consider the most popular and common of them:

Slag concrete products belong to one of the most budgetary sectors, but at the same time they have quite high performance properties and a solid heat retention coefficient.
Similar to the first option - expanded clay concrete blocks, they use more durable expanded clay instead of slag, which has excellent thermal insulation characteristics. The whole house can be built from such elements, however, it will have to be finished, since the appearance of the building will not be very attractive.

Gas silicate structures are distinguished by excellent thermal insulation characteristics. At the same time, the sizes of lightweight concrete blocks can be very different, which allows you to choose the best option for both external walls and partitions.
Foam concrete products are similar to gas silicate products, but some of their properties are somewhat lower than those of the above described option. Concrete blocks 40 by 20 by 40 are perfect for the quick construction of partitions, they cost a little, and they do their job well.

A separate option is a concrete block B 1 20 50, these elements are not used for walls, they are used to make drainage structures on highways. This option is practically not used in private buildings.

Advice!
Gas silicate blocks must be additionally insulated.
Do not believe the allegations that they are enough for high-quality thermal insulation, in fact this is far from the case.

Conclusion

The selection of optimal parameters is very important, since the strength of the structure and its performance characteristics depend on it. The video in this article will tell some points in more detail.

Types of foundation blocks
solid foundation blocks
Dimensions of concrete products for the foundation

Construction begins with the construction of the foundation. The use of ready-made concrete blocks is the most economical way, less time-consuming and faster. The foundation of monolithic concrete with the same strength costs about 2 times more. The construction of formwork, installation of reinforcement, pouring concrete, waiting for it to dry is a process that requires a lot of time and labor, and is also dependent on weather conditions. The only drawback of foundation blocks is that they require special equipment - a crane.

The use of concrete blocks in the construction of the foundation is an economical, fast and less labor-intensive method of construction.

Often they make a combined foundation: the pillow is made of monolithic concrete, and the base is made of blocks. The construction of the foundation of them is relatively quick and easy. It is only necessary to lay them strictly in a straight line, check their horizontal level, and securely tie them together. The stability of the future building depends on the correct construction of the foundation. The use of concrete blocks is possible under any climatic and seasonal conditions.

There are three types of concrete blocks. FBP (hollow) is used in the construction of walls and foundations for various equipment. They are not used for the foundation of buildings. They are relatively light, have a high heat capacity, that is, they keep heat better. In addition, the wall of them is stronger due to the cement mortar, which partially fills the vertical voids. Their other type, FBV (solid with a cutout), is used where communications or lintels intersecting them are provided in the foundation or basement wall.

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Table of sizes of concrete blocks.

More often, concrete blocks are used for solid foundations (FBS). They are also suitable for the construction of basement walls, basement floors and buildings for technical purposes. They are also used as roadblocks. They do not differ in a variety of shapes and are made in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped. In their narrow ends, vertical grooves are left, which, after laying two blocks side by side, are filled with cement mortar to securely fasten them to each other. On the top side, they have 2 mounting loops for easy installation.

In the production of concrete products for the foundation, heavy, frost-resistant, moisture-resistant concrete is used, reinforced with reinforcement bars 8-12 mm thick. To increase their strength, they are subjected to steaming in a special chamber for several hours. It can be replaced by drying, which lasts several weeks. The production of foundation blocks is a responsible process, strictly adhering to the technology in accordance with GOST 1978, so it is better to entrust it to large enterprises with a reliable reputation. Concrete blocks for the foundation must be solid, without internal voids and cracks, have high compressive strength, water resistance, resistance to deformation under loads and temperature changes, and to aggressive environments.

They also produce blocks with porous fillers (expanded clay) and from silicate concrete. They are lighter, but in any case their density should not be less than 1800 kg/m3. In addition to "rectangular", there are FBS with a trapezoidal end section. Their lower edge has a large area, which allows it to withstand the weight of the building under construction and provides stability to it. They are laid in the first row directly on the foundation pad, made of sand, crushed stone or monolithic concrete. FBS with a rectangular section make up the second and subsequent rows of the foundation.

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Type and dimensions of concrete blocks.

The dimensions of concrete blocks are as follows: length - 900, 1200, 2400 mm, width - 300, 400, 500, 600 mm, height - 300 and 600 mm. True, the actual dimensions are 1-2 cm smaller. Their mass is from 135 kg (the smallest block of heavy concrete) to almost 2 tons. The most acceptable size is chosen based on the following conditions:

the type of soil on which the building is being erected;
type of wall and masonry material;
weight and dimensions of the building;
wall length and thickness;
design strength of the foundation.

The optimal number of blocks stacked in a row along one wall is 4-5. When constructing the foundation, FBS of different sizes are used to better fasten them to each other. Their width may be less than the width of the wall erected on them by 10-12 cm. The more unstable the soil, the larger the area of \u200b\u200btheir base. To protect the foundation from premature destruction, they are waterproofed with bitumen. The service life of a concrete block foundation is at least 50 years.

The device of the strip foundation from concrete blocks.

FBS is modified as follows: the name indicates the length, width and height in decimeters, the type of concrete. For example, the marking FBS 24.3.6t denotes a solid foundation block of heavy concrete with a length of 2400, a width of 300 and a height of 600 mm. Most often used in the construction of FBS 24.4.6. FBS from expanded clay concrete is marked with the letter "P", from silicate concrete - with the letter "C".

In addition, concrete blocks with a size of 40x20x20 mm are produced. Their low weight (depending on the type of concrete is only 28-32 kg) allows them to be laid manually, and their dimensions can be used in the construction of walls. They are suitable for the foundation for light buildings: a small garage, a bathhouse, a gazebo, a wooden house, etc. They are indispensable at those construction sites where it is impossible to drive heavy special equipment.

http://youtu.be/9NwFb7des6M

The use of concrete blocks in the construction of the foundation significantly reduces the cost and speeds up work compared to the method of pouring liquid concrete into the formwork.

At the same time, the highest reliability, strength and durability of the foundation are achieved.

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Foundation blocks: reinforced concrete, expanded clay concrete

Prefabricated block foundations appeared many decades ago. And to this day, many buildings stand on strip foundations assembled from concrete blocks. But not all builders consider them reliable: after all, they are not monolithic, and therefore they are less resistant to soil movements.

Monolithic foundations have a very high degree of reliability. But their creation is a very long and difficult process, it is required to install the formwork, make a reinforcing belt for several hundred knitting points, knead a large amount of mortar, and pour it. After waiting a few weeks for the aging of the solution, and only then continue construction work. Everything takes at least a month, and more often more - if everything is done by hand, without involving workers from outside.

Block foundation assembly technology and scope

To speed up the process and use ready-made foundation blocks. They are produced by many factories, they are of different types, geometries and dimensions. Some can only be worked with using construction equipment, while others - the smallest ones - can be worked manually.

With foundation blocks, building a foundation takes a little time

When assembling, they are installed in a dug pit on a prepared pillow. Rows and elements in a row are connected using cement mortar, sometimes using reinforcing belts to increase reliability. It is possible to assemble a small base for a bathhouse, a small house or a garage even in one day. After that, it remains to carry out waterproofing and insulation work.

But due to the fact that the structure is not a monolith, it can only be installed on reliable, non-porous soils. If there is at least a minimal tendency to heaving, it is better not to install a prefabricated block foundation: when significant forces are applied to it, it will begin to “walk” and the building may collapse. However, on dry and rocky soils, this is one of the most accessible and quickly erected foundations. Now you know where you can put prefabricated block foundations.

What are the foundation blocks

First of all, let's talk about the materials from which the blocks for the foundation are made. This:

reinforced concrete;
expanded clay concrete;
silicate concrete of increased strength.

In the manufacture of reinforced concrete blocks, the solution is most often used grades M-150, M-100, M-200. Depending on this, the characteristics change, the price increases. If the building is supposed to be massive, large and heavy, blocks of the highest quality, with high strength, are needed;

Reinforced concrete foundation blocks are classified as heavy

Reinforced concrete blocks are and are called heavy: their mass is large due to the high density of the solution. Their weight, depending on the dimensions, can be from 300 kg to 2 tons. In order to be able to distinguish the type of block, when marking, they put the letter “T” at the end.

In the manufacture of expanded clay concrete, expanded clay is used as a filler. This composition is lighter, the mass of blocks is from 260 kg to 1.5 tons. When marking these products, the letter “L” is added at the end - light. They have better thermal insulation characteristics, the price is lower.

But unpleasant properties and features also appear: high hygroscopicity, as well as lower strength. To neutralize hygroscopicity, careful waterproofing and measures to divert water from the foundation will be required. But nothing can be done about strength: expanded clay concrete blocks can only be used on foundations for light buildings, for example, wooden baths or single garages.

Expanded clay concrete has a characteristic uneven surface

In the manufacture of silicate concrete blocks, lime is used as the main binder. The solution turns out to be of medium severity, therefore these blocks are called light and are designated at the end with the letter "C". The mass of products manufactured according to the standards (minimum density 1800 kg / m3) can be from 300 kg (the smallest) to 1.63 tons (the largest).

According to GOST, silicate concrete blocks are not used in conditions of high humidity. This means that they are not suitable for the foundation.

Characteristics

In addition to material, density, weight and price, there are many characteristics that you need to pay attention to. There are many more options to choose from.

Types and sizes

Foundation blocks have different shapes and profiles, in addition, different overall dimensions. Products of different shapes have different purposes and markings:

The letters that indicate the type of product are followed by a set of numbers. They display the dimensions of the blocks indicated in decimeters. The first number is the length, the second is the width, and the last is the height. For example, FBS-24-6-6 is a rectangular block, 240 cm long, 60 cm high and wide. The designation FL-6-12-3 stands for: trapezoidal block (pillow), 60 cm long, 120 cm wide and 30 cm high.

There are beam blocks. They are also sometimes needed in construction.

The use of all these blocks requires the use of cranes or at least a winch. But there are very small blocks, 20 * 20 * 40 cm in size. They are poured at the same factories into standard forms. When pouring, vibrocompression machines work, which increase the density of the solution. In this case, a mixture of Portland cement, sand and coarser aggregate is used. The filler can be gravel, and then the block is concrete, or expanded clay, and then it is, respectively, expanded clay concrete.

Small-sized concrete blocks are corpulent and hollow. Solid ones are used for laying the foundations of non-heavy buildings on reliable soils, hollow ones - for building walls. You can work with them without equipment: the mass does not exceed 40 kg. But when constructing such a foundation, it is necessary to create additional reinforcing belts. In some cases, a metal mesh is placed in each horizontal seam. And to increase the strength, you can also make a reinforcing belt of greater height. It all depends on the conditions on the site and the design of the building.

Frost resistance

This characteristic is important for most of the territories of our country. Any of the materials can withstand a certain number of cycles of freezing and thawing. To increase this indicator, various additives are added to the solution. It is clear that the more cycles a concrete block undergoes without destruction, the longer the foundation will serve.

FBS block size table

Media resistance

If there are acidic or alkaline soils on the site, it is necessary to choose the type of concrete accordingly. If we talk about the Moscow region, then most of the soils are acidic, therefore it is necessary to use blocks with crushed stone as a filler: it makes the products resistant to acid influences.

The acidity of the soil is determined using tests that can be purchased at a store selling agricultural equipment. They cost a penny, the method of application is written on the package, as well as the scale by which the condition of the soil is determined.

Cost and quality

It is possible to say exactly how much this or that foundation block costs only after calling several factories in your region. Prices differ significantly. Moreover, a solid difference can be even among manufacturers in the same region. It could be the brand of concrete. Here you already need to ask and compare. Do not be too lazy to get to each production and inspect, evaluate the blocks presented there, according to the following parameters:

The quality of foundation blocks for manual laying needs to be checked

Geometry. All blocks must be the same, the edges are even and clear. It is also desirable that the surfaces also have a minimum of flaws or no flaws at all.
The declared density can be compared at home (we are talking about small blocks of 20 * 20 * 40 cm). They need to be weighed, to compare the dimensions and weight. Calculate density. For expanded clay concrete, it should not be lower than 1800 kg / m3, for concrete - not lower than 2000 kg / m3. Only such can be used for foundations.
Then carry out a crash test: throw blocks from the same height onto a hard surface. In no case should they crumble, chips should be minimal.

These simple manipulations allow you to determine the quality of concrete blocks. Just do not forget which one belongs to which company (sign or number).

Block foundation

There are several types of foundations that can be built using concrete blocks. These are tape, pile and columnar. Technologies are not much different, but there are still some features.

Strip foundation made of blocks

There can be several options for building a strip foundation from blocks:

Is it possible to make such foundations from blocks of 20 * 20 * 40 cm. If this is a small structure in weight, and the soils are suitable, then the answer is “yes”. In this case, a log house made of logs or timber will feel especially good. Due to the elasticity of the wood, possible movements will be compensated. In addition, this material is lightweight, and the strength of small blocks in size will be enough to support this weight.

If the soils have even the slightest hint of heaving, or the house will be heavy, whether it is possible to make a foundation from small blocks can only be said by specialists after surveying the site and calculations.

Using blocks for pile and column foundations

For pile foundations, reinforced concrete products of various sections are used: round, square, polygonal. They deepen to strong layers of soil that can bear the weight of the house. The upper part of the piles is connected by a strip base, on which the walls will rest. This type of foundation is good on complex loose or highly heaving soils.

Pile foundation made of concrete blocks

Column foundations have a similar geometry. Only the depth of their occurrence is much less. There are shallow-depth (above the freezing level) species and with a laying below the freezing level. Less depth is compensated by a larger base area: the pillars are usually wider. Here, as in the construction of a prefabricated strip foundation, options are possible:

Results

The correct use of concrete blocks for the construction of the foundation greatly speeds up the process. Cheaper or more expensive it will turn out, it is problematic to say. In some cases, it is cheaper, sometimes, due to the need for a long-term rental of a crane, it comes out more expensive. What is undeniable is that it is built much faster, and this is sometimes no less important than the cost.

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Foundation concrete blocks

Foundation blocks - concrete products of strength grades M100, M150, M200, designed for the installation of strip and column foundations in any climatic zone. They are also suitable for the construction of basement walls, basements, technical rooms. They almost always have a rectangular shape, on the upper face there are one or two metal eyelets, for which the element is picked up by a crane and then moved to the installation site. It is possible to combine a monolithic base with a block base, in which case the pillow is poured with a regular solution, and finished factory-made panels are placed on top of it.

Advantages and disadvantages
Varieties and labeling
Block sizes
average cost

Features of the block foundation

Advantages:

high construction speed;
low cost of manual labor;
the minimum amount of work with cement mortar, there is no need to put the formwork;
the possibility of mounting the base of the building under adverse weather conditions;
versatility - the panels are suitable for the construction of buildings of any type;
on sandy soil do not require preliminary cushioning;
resistance to groundwater, temperature changes, and other adverse conditions;
frost resistance (up to -55°C, from 50 freeze-thaw cycles);
homogeneity of the quality of individual elements;
compliance with the requirements of GOST;
immediately after completion of work, you can begin to build walls, without waiting for the mortar to dry and gain strength;
service life - from 100 years.

Disadvantages of a concrete slab foundation:

the need to use special equipment during the installation;
unsuitability for heaving soil;
requires reliable additional waterproofing;
the final price (taking into account the cost of work, energy costs) is higher than that of the cast one.

Types of foundation panels

The classification of blocks is carried out on the basis of the shape, the presence of reinforcement, the type of concrete. The quality depends on the grade of mortar strength, manufacturing technology. The main characteristics are determined by marking:

FBS - solid unreinforced, suitable for load-bearing structures, foundations of high-rise buildings, erecting walls of basements;
FBP - hollow (hollow), used as a fixed formwork, when installing basements, industrial buildings, voids are reinforced and then filled with mortar;
F - reinforced concrete (with reinforcement);
FL - for strip foundation;
BF - from heavy concrete;
FBV - solid with a longitudinal recess (for conducting communications, jumpers).

A variety of foundation panels - pillow. They have the shape of a trapezoid, which increases the area of \u200b\u200bsupport. Such products are used to create the first row of bases from blocks, primarily on soil with high humidity.

Marking

Dimensions are in decimeters rounded up:

FBS -9-3-6t - 880 x 300 x 580 mm;
FBS -9-4-6s - 880 x 400 x 580 mm;
FBS -12-3-6p - 1180 x 300 x 580 mm.

Sometimes manufacturers or sellers indicate the dimensions in a different order: height x width x length.

The next parameter that can be determined by marking is the type of concrete:

T - heavy;
C - silicate;
P - porous (expanded clay).

In the production of each type, different aggregates are used. The difference lies in the density of the resulting concrete. The lightest is expanded clay concrete, silicate has an average density, the name "heavy" speaks for itself. There is a direct relationship between density and compressive strength.

Most often, blocks of heavy concrete are used - they are the most durable, frost-resistant. But other species have their own merits. Silicate and porous expanded clay concrete is lighter, which facilitates transportation, is cheaper, and requires less installation costs.

Dimensions of foundation block elements

Most often, when installing the base of a building, products with a height of 58 or 28 cm are used (marked 6 or 3). Their width can be 30 (3), 40 (4), 50 (5) or 60 (6) cm. There are three types of panels in length:

8 or 9: short (additional), used to avoid the need to crush the whole, their length is 78 or 88 cm, respectively, weight, depending on the width and height, from 180 to 700 kg.
12: length - 118 cm, weight - from 264 to 960 kg.
24: length - 238 cm, weight - from 490 to 1960 kg.

There is another standard - FBS-4. They have a single size of 40x20x20 cm, weight - 310 kg.

If necessary, you can purchase products for mounting a concrete base with lengths, widths, heights that differ from those listed. You need to focus on the label. Less popular options include options with a length of 28 (3), 38 (4), 48 (5), 58 (6), 178 (18) cm and a height of 38 (4) or 48 (5) cm. FL brand panels have additional standard sizes that are not included in the grid of blocks of the FBS type.

Cost and size are directly related. Below are the minimum prices for foundation elements made of concrete panels in popular standard dimensions.

FBS-9 price, rubles:

Prices for FBS-24, rubles:

24-3-3	24-4-3	24-5-3	24-6-3	24-3-6	24-4-6	24-5-6	24-6-6
1310	1110	1550	1650	1350	1800	2250	2700

You can buy a concrete block 20x20x40 (FBS-4) at a price of 54 rubles.

Technology and quality of materials are important, so the discrepancy in the cost of blocks produced by different manufacturers can be very significant. It is wiser to purchase products directly from factories located at a short distance from the construction site. This will save on transport costs and intermediary trade margins.

The use of ready-made factory-made block products for foundation construction significantly reduces time, labor intensity, and ensures uniform quality. This type of building material is universal, can be used in the construction of walls of non-residential premises, suitable for mounting the base of the building under the most adverse conditions. A large selection of standard sizes allows you to choose concrete blocks for the foundation of structures of any complexity.

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Features of concrete blocks for the foundation

Concrete blocks are used when you need to quickly lay down a reliable and durable foundation. Solid panels of large size, for example, are actively used in industrial construction and in the construction of multi-storey buildings, but require lifting equipment. But hollow for masonry by hand can only withstand a compact wooden structure.

Peculiarities

Advantages of blocks:

long service life - at least 50-60 years;
high speed of foundation construction;
resistance to aggressive environments;
a large selection of sizes;
low cost due to mass production.

The disadvantages include the need to attract special equipment during construction. And even if you use light blocks of 20x20x40 cm weighing about 30 kg, you will need at least a manual winch for safe unloading and laying of building materials. At the same time, the foundation of the panels itself has slightly different properties. With a decrease in the time for construction due to ready-made elements, the cost of the structure itself increases. And labor costs during construction will be higher than when pouring a monolith into the formwork. On the other hand, if it is not possible to achieve stable proportions of concrete mortar for pouring, or simply lack experience in this matter, it is better not to risk it and buy a concrete block for the foundation.

Main types

Depending on the applications, the blocks are usually divided into several types. They are marked with letters:

1. F - used in the construction of supporting columns of a columnar foundation on soft soils.

2. FL - only the base cushion is formed of them, since they have the shape of a trapezoid with a very wide "heel". This solution allows a solid structure with reinforcement to take on a significant weight of the building and distribute it over a large area of the supporting soil layer.

3. FBS - the most common type of solid blocks, convenient for the construction of a prefabricated strip foundation. For reliable fixation during installation, special cutouts are sometimes made along the edges of such elements. The concrete itself is reinforced with rebars.

4. BF - in tape bases, but only as a support (bottom row).

5. FBP - light hollow products. They are rarely used for the foundation, as they cannot perceive significant loads. Their limit is a small frame house made of wood, but for reinforcing walls for pouring a monolithic base, their use is quite acceptable.

6. FR - the most powerful foundation blocks made of heavy concrete with steel reinforcement, for capital construction.

7. UDB - a relatively new variety with through square holes.

The letter designation in the marking after indicating the dimensions corresponds to its design: hollow (P), made of heavy concrete (T).

Sometimes special types are distinguished, starting from their main scope:

For a capital foundation.

These are heavy blocks (FBS, FR, BF) of large size with mounting metal loops for the cable. Thanks to these elements, the products can be hooked up with a crane hook and installed in the allotted place in the trench.

The significant length of the panels during the construction of the strip base allows you to reduce the number of butt joints between its parts, but makes installation difficult if it is not a multiple of the size of the side of the foundation. In this case, additional elements will have to be made on site from full-sized blocks using diamond cutting.

With openings for communications.

The products have openings for laying engineering systems. It is very difficult to make such selections in concrete manually, the base can be seriously affected by this.

Standard dimensions

Building blocks are mass-produced at factories of reinforced concrete structures, and their dimensions are regulated by GOST. No one talks about observing the dimensions to the nearest millimeter, and the corners can crumble during storage and transportation. The marking of each product indicates its parameters in decimeters with rounding. This introduces some confusion, since the builders themselves are used to focusing on centimeters. In these units, we give the standard dimensions of concrete blocks:

Features of using FBS

1. Dimensions.

According to SNiP, the block size can have the following values (cm): 88, 138 or 238. At the same time, there are only two height options - 28 or 58 cm.

The length matters when it is required to erect a strip prefabricated foundation of concrete panels on soils prone to heaving. At the slightest movement of the soil, long products will work like a lever, increasing the tension in the bonding solution of the butt joints. So that the "ribbon" of the base does not fall apart into separate parts, it is necessary to additionally buy blocks of the FL type, which will play the role of a pillow. It is for these reasons that FBS is most often used for columnar types of foundation.

The dimensions are very important, since the uniformity of the transfer of the weight of the building to the base, and from it to the supporting layers of the soil, will depend on their correct choice. Therefore, before buying a batch of reinforced concrete panels, it will be necessary to calculate the loads that the foundation of concrete blocks will have to take. If the dimensions of the prefabricated elements turn out to be smaller than required, all subsequent operation of the building will be reduced to constant repairs of rickety structures.

2. Characteristics and features.

The strength parameters of FBS may also differ - in the range from B7.5 to B15. The higher the brand of concrete, the stronger the panel itself and the more reliable the foundation from it. There is one more requirement for the quality of the side surfaces. The finish option that can be used for the base will depend on compliance with a particular class:

1. class A3 - high quality, suitable for dyeing;

2. class A5 - allowed for finishing with ceramic tiles or gluing with composite panels;

3. classes A6 and A7 - such a surface can only be sheathed using a crate.

The foundation of FBS concrete panels, due to their solid structure, is very reliable and has a number of advantages over other types of reinforced concrete products:

long service life (60-160 years);
higher moisture resistance and, as a result, frost resistance;
the best strength indicators, regardless of the type of loads received.

But do not forget that the price of the foundation will be quite high, and a significant part of it will be transportation costs. Therefore, you need to purchase materials from the nearest concrete goods plant or a large supplier.

Price

The price of blocks directly depends on their size and material consumption. Here you need to be tied not so much to the dimensions, but to the weight and volume of concrete used in the production. That is, hollow panels will cost less than solid ones of the same size.

Dimensions, cm	Average cost, rub/piece
40x20x20	52
60x30x58	464
88x40x58	1100
238x50x58	2900

Used blocks are also on sale. Their price is half, or even three times lower than new ones, and the characteristics, in the absence of visible serious damage and corrosion, are no worse.

Advantages of blocks:

long service life - at least 50-60 years;
high speed of foundation construction;
resistance to aggressive environments;
a large selection of sizes;
low cost due to mass production.

Main types

Depending on the applications, the blocks are usually divided into several types. They are marked with letters:

1. F - used in the construction of supporting columns of a columnar foundation on soft soils.

4. BF - in tape bases, but only as a support (bottom row).

6. FR - the most powerful foundation blocks made of heavy concrete with steel reinforcement, for capital construction.

7. UDB - a relatively new variety with through square holes.

The letter designation in the marking after indicating the dimensions corresponds to its design: hollow (P), made of heavy concrete (T).

Sometimes special types are distinguished, starting from their main scope:

For a capital foundation.

For tape.

With openings for communications.

The products have openings for laying engineering systems. It is very difficult to make such selections in concrete manually, the base can be seriously affected by this.

Standard dimensions

Features of using FBS

1. Dimensions.

According to SNiP, the block size can have the following values (cm): 88, 138 or 238. At the same time, there are only two height options - 28 or 58 cm.

2. Characteristics and features.

1. class A3 - high quality, suitable for dyeing;

2. class A5 - allowed for finishing with ceramic tiles or gluing with composite panels;

3. classes A6 and A7 - such a surface can only be sheathed using a crate.

The foundation of FBS concrete panels, due to their solid structure, is very reliable and has a number of advantages over other types of reinforced concrete products:

long service life (60-160 years);
higher moisture resistance and, as a result, frost resistance;
the best strength indicators, regardless of the type of loads received.

But do not forget that the price of the foundation will be quite high, and a significant part of it will be transportation costs. Therefore, you need to purchase materials from the nearest concrete goods plant or a large supplier.

Price

Dimensions, cm	Average cost, rub/piece
40x20x20	52
60x30x58	464
88x40x58	1100
238x50x58	2900

Used blocks are also on sale. Their price is half, or even three times lower than new ones, and the characteristics, in the absence of visible serious damage and corrosion, are no worse.

For fast and high-quality erection of supports for buildings and structures, concrete blocks for the foundation have been increasingly used in recent years. These are strong and dense structures with a high bearing capacity, which are more convenient and reliable to use than a self-filled foundation.

Foundation concrete blocks - parameters and features

Before buying concrete blocks for the foundation, it is important to find out their main characteristics and features. The design of concrete products is somewhat different than that of hollow wall blocks. They do not have voids and are called full-bodied. Foundation concrete blocks are produced with a high consumption of cement, which causes their higher cost. However, due to the excellent performance characteristics, the demand for these products does not decrease. Among the parameters that are valued by buyers are:

strength M100, characteristic of heavy concrete;

high frost resistance (up to 50 cycles);

low moisture absorption.

We offer the best concrete blocks for the foundation

The timely purchase of concrete blocks for the foundation at a very affordable price is an opportunity that 1001Blok.ru offers its customers. We always have certified building materials for a variety of uses. Our products are distinguished by the fact that only high-quality equipment is used in the production process and control is carried out at all stages.

Please note that the relatively low price of building blocks for the foundation does not at all mean that the products we sell are of poor quality. Each unit has an ideal geometry, as it is made in a special form of metal. During the production process, a mixture of sand, gravel, cement and water is subjected to repeated volumetric vibrocompression, which minimizes the number of pores, strengthens the material, and reduces the water absorption coefficient.

Prefabricated strip foundation remains a fairly common type of supporting part of the house. Prefabricated blocks allow you to reduce construction time, since there is no need to wait a month for the concrete to harden. Before purchasing products, it is worth understanding what types of foundation blocks are and what each of them is intended for.

According to GOST 13579-78, concrete products for the construction of basement and underground walls are made of three types:

All types can be made of heavy, silicate concrete or expanded clay concrete, the density of which is not lower than 1800 kg/m3.

FBS marking means solid products. Most often they are made of cement concrete. The strength characteristics of such products are higher compared to the rest. Only this type according to GOST can be used for foundations for buildings.

Drawings of the series 1.116-1 "Concrete blocks for basement walls", which are used in the manufacture of elements, do not require reinforcement. According to this document, metal is used only for the manufacture of mounting loops. But sometimes at factories in the production of FBS blocks of large sizes (width and length), rods of longitudinal reinforcement are laid.

FBS - a; FBP - b

Blocks brand FBV differ from solid ones in that they have a longitudinal cutout designed for laying engineering communications. They are manufactured according to the same series as FBS (GOST is also general). They are used in construction very rarely, so such products cannot be found in factory catalogs. If necessary, you need to make an individual order.

Brand FBP are hollow concrete products. They are manufactured according to the same series 1.116-1 and GOST 13579-78. Lightweight blocks have square voids open down. Available in different widths and heights, but only in one length 2.4 m (2380 mm). FBP elements are suitable for building internal basement walls or as foundations for industrial equipment.

What kind of concrete is used

A strip foundation is a building structure that works primarily in compression (with the exception of foundation pads). There is no need to apply high grades and classes of concrete. According to GOST 13579-78:

maximum compressive strength class B15 (or grade M200);
the minimum class for products made of expanded clay concrete or heavy concrete B3.5 (or grade M50);
the minimum class for elements made of silicate concrete is B12.5 (grade M150).

Most often, heavy cement concrete B7.5 is used for foundations for blocks according to the FBS and FBV series. For weakened FBPs, a stronger material B12.5 is used.

Prefabricated strip foundation.

Marking

Before buying, it is important to study the dimensions of the blocks, their characteristics and what concrete they are made of. All this information is contained in the label. A detailed transcript can be seen in GOST 13579-78 in paragraph 1.3. The structure looks like this:

FBS.XX.X.X - X.

Some factories use a dash instead of a dot to separate numbers. But the decoding does not change from this.

In the first position there is a number indicating the length of the block made according to the series. The value is indicated in decimeters rounded. To calculate the exact value, you need to subtract 20 mm (2 cm, 0.2 dm).

Advice! Also subtract 2 cm to find the exact height. This value falls on the seam between adjacent products. When constructing foundation sweeps, it is not taken into account (they take rounded dimensions, for example, a height of 600 mm, a length of 2400 mm, etc.).

The number in the second position shows the exact width of the product, and in the third position the rounded height. All dimensions are given in decimetres. The last position indicates the letter indicating the type of concrete used for the manufacture (T, P or C).

Designation examples:

FBS.12.6.3-T - made of heavy cement concrete, having exact dimensions of 1180x600x280 mm (length, width and height, respectively);
FBS.9.4.6-P - expanded clay concrete (material on porous aggregates) 880x400x580 mm;
FBS.24.5.6-S - made of dense silicate concrete 2380x500x580 mm.

Dimensions of typical products.

Marking according to the series and GOST will be needed when ordering products at the factory. It is important not to make a mistake with this question and not confuse the sizes (the easiest way is to swap the height and width).

Advice! To prevent mistakes, it is worth remembering that foundation blocks are only available in heights of 600 and 300 mm (rounded), but there are more width options.

The range of sizes of foundation blocks by series

Most often, several standard sizes of FBS are used in the construction of foundations. In order to accurately determine how many products will have to be purchased, a special drawing (sweep) is made, where the products are laid out in detail along the entire length and height of the basement wall, taking into account the dressing between the blocks (the minimum is 25 cm).

In the table below you can see the dimensions of the blocks made according to the series (typical) regardless of what material is used.

Marking	Height, mm	Width, mm	Weight of one product, t
Length 2400 (2380) mm
FBS.24.6.6	600 (580)	600	1,96
FBS.24.5.6		500	1,63
FBS.24.4.6		400	1,3
FBS.24.3.6		300	0,97
Length 1200 (1180) mm
FBS.12.6.6	600 (580)	600	0,96
FBS.12.5.6		500	0,79
FBS.12.4.6		400	0,64
FBS.12.3.6		300	0,46
FBS.12.6.3	300 (280)	600	0,46
FBS.12.5.3		500	0,39
FBS.12.4.3		400	0,31
Length 900 (880) mm
FBS.9.6.6	600 (580)	600	0,7
FBS.9.5.6		500	0,59
FBS.9.4.6		400	0,47
FBS.9.3.6		300	0,35

The table shows the mass for products made of heavy concrete with a density of 2400 kg/m3.

The width of the foundation block is selected depending on the thickness of the walls of the building. Small overhangs of elevated structures are allowed. For example, for a brick, the protrusion should not exceed 4 cm on each side. This allows using foundation blocks 600 mm wide for 640 mm walls, 500 mm wide for 510 mm walls.

The length of the foundation block is selected according to the sweep. Place products of different sizes so that the wall folds evenly, without strong protrusions. If it is not possible to lay blocks of standard size, it is allowed to split the elements along the length.

Most often, products with a height of 600 mm are used. Blocks of 300 mm are used as additional ones, if necessary, make holes in the strip foundation (air ducts, inputs and outputs of networks).