Efficiency and efficiency in extinguishing fires largely depend on the availability and technical condition of the external fire-fighting water supply system. This main circuit has a rather complex design, and when constructing a new facility or equipping an existing one with the system, certain standards and requirements must be observed.

The main document that regulates the procedure for equipping various real estate objects with a main line and other constituent elements of an external fire-fighting water supply system is considered to be a comprehensive set of basic rules 8-13130-2009, which was approved by the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergencies and Disaster Relief. In addition, installation work is carried out on the basis of SNIP 2.04.02/84.

Kinds

An external or external fire water supply system (in the documentation you can find the abbreviated name for this system - NPV) is designed to ensure prompt connection of fire fighting equipment to a water supply source.

In most cases, this system is the key to quickly and effectively localizing the fire area, and also allows you to connect equipment of various formats and types. In addition, the described system has a high level of safety when searching for water supply sources.

Depending on the design and the intended operating principle, external fire-fighting water supply systems are divided into two main types, namely:

• ring type;
• dead-end type.

A ring water supply allows you to disconnect certain areas of a room or structure from further water supply. Also, unlike the dead-end system, the ring system is characterized by a lower force of the hydraulic shock wave. It is not allowed to loop fire mains with household water supply networks.

Design and installation

An external fire-fighting water supply system should be used in populated areas with a population of up to five thousand. Also, an external main should be installed to extinguish possible fires in public buildings and facilities, industrial buildings and buildings, the total volume of which is up to 1000 cubic meters. In this case, production facilities must belong to segments “B”, “D” and “D”.

When drawing up a detailed design and constructing the structures described, it is important to correctly calculate and subsequently provide a regulatory indicator characterizing the level of water consumption.

The amount of liquid consumed should be from 10 to 35 liters for residential buildings, from 10 to 40 liters for commercial and industrial buildings. An important criterion for accurately determining the quantity in the indicated ranges is the fire resistance class of the property.

It is also worth considering the requirements of approved standards regarding free pressure in the network. So, at the entrance to the structure with a maximum load on the internal water supply inside a one-story room, the free pressure should be at least 10 meters.

If there are additional floors, this parameter should increase by 4 meters in relation to each existing floor. The standards also provide for a maximum free pressure indicator, which for maximum safety should not exceed 60 meters.

When designing an external fire water supply system, the intended water supply system for the administrative unit or individual location where the general fire extinguishing system will be installed should be taken into account.

The total number of individual supply lines may depend on this indicator. In the case of two or more separate water mains, consideration should be given to the need for additional shut-off devices and mechanisms or shut-off valves that will help regulate and concentrate the flow of water to a specific part of a particular property.

When designing exterior fire protection and plumbing systems, special attention should be paid to selecting the proper pipe diameter. Selection is carried out in accordance with technical calculations, taking into account possible operation when individual sections are disconnected.

The regulated diameter of fire-fighting water supply pipes differs depending on the type of settlement. Thus, for the installation of an external fire main within the city, pipes with a diameter of at least 10 cm must be used; for rural areas this figure is slightly smaller and is 7.5 cm.

It also largely depends on third-party factors depending on the geographical location and climate zone. Thus, in areas with the most unstable seismicity, the design and installation of external fire-fighting water supply systems should include several water intake lines.

At the same time, the rules prohibit the implementation of blind sealing of the pipeline at the entrance through the walls of the building. In this case, the hole is sealed with elastic materials, which ensures the free placement of the pipe with a gap of 10 cm.

In regions where fairly low ambient temperatures prevail, proper insulation of the pipeline is a prerequisite. In some cases, it is necessary to install additional equipment that provides forced heating of water in the system.

Connecting equipment

Which are an integral part of the external fire main and are a connection point to fire trucks and similar equipment, must be installed along the edges of roads at a distance not exceeding 2.5 meters from the surface, and not less than five meters from the walls of buildings. In addition, the rules allow direct application on the surface of the roadway itself.

The distance between hydrants depends on their performance and the total internal pressure in the main. An important role when installing an external water pipeline and installing fire hydrants is played by high-quality and effective thermal insulation, which will prevent water from freezing in the cold season.

The responsibilities of municipal services in populated areas include mandatory cleaning of hydrants and other fire-fighting devices and mechanisms from snow and ice in winter.

A prerequisite for the prompt connection of fire-fighting equipment to hydrants is the availability of schematic plans and indicators of their location, distance to water intake sources and other information. Such signs are made using reflective paint or equipped with additional lighting sources.

The fire hydrants themselves must be installed in specially equipped wells, providing quick access and connection of fire-fighting equipment. In this case, the laying of the water pipeline itself can be carried out both above the surface of the earth and below it at a certain depth.

Set of rules

The main regulatory document on the basis of which the design and installation of external fire water supply is carried out is a set of rules (codification - SP 8-131 30-2009).

This document was approved in its original version on March 25, 2009 by order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation, and put into effect on May 1, 2009. In accordance with the requirements of current legislation, the described set of rules was registered by the state agency for technical regulation and metrology.

The current edition of the set of rules for fire protection systems contains 11 main sections, as well as a bibliography. Among the most significant sections, the basic fire safety requirements for the design of external water supply systems, pumping stations and networks, water consumption standards, etc. should be highlighted.

The launch of an automatic water sprinkler installation is carried out when the pressure in the system drops due to the destruction of the thermal lock of the sprinkler. When extinguishing a fire, drainage of water from the underground parking lot is provided using water collection tanks with a volume of at least 2 m3 (see clause 7.3 of Fire Prevention Measures). The internal fire-fighting water supply is designed for local extinguishing of the source of fire. In accordance with Fire Prevention Measures, the fire water supply system is carried out separately from the fire sprinkler installation. Each point of the underground parking lot should be irrigated with 2 jets of 2.5 l/s. The fire cabinet ShPK-320N-12, which contains two fire hydrants, was accepted for installation. For the rest of the building, the flow rate is 1 jet 2.5 l/s. Fire cabinets ShPK-Puls-320N are installed, with the ability to accommodate two fire extinguishers with a total weight of up to 30 kg. Fire hydrants are installed at a height of 1.35 m from the floor level in accordance with clause 6.13 of SNiP 2.04.01-85*. When installing a double fire cabinet, the lower fire hydrant should be located at a height of 1 m from the floor. The premises of the fire extinguishing pumping station must meet the requirements set out in the “Task for preparing the premises of the fire extinguishing pumping station and fire station”. In the premises of the fire extinguishing pumping station (elevation -2.850, B-V/6-7) there will be two pumping units:
1. For a fire sprinkler installation for an underground parking lot.
2. For internal fire water supply system.
Pumping unit1 includes:

• two fire pumps from Grundfos (1 working, 1 standby) type NB 65-125/137;
• intermediate tank V=40l;
• control unit for water sprinkler automatic fire extinguishing installation;
• pressure alarms (SDS).

Parameters of fire pumps (main, backup) from GRUNDFOS: Parameters of “jockey” pump from GRUNDFOS: Pumping unit II includes:

• water supply (input from the building's water supply network);
• two fire pumps from Grundfos (1 working, 1 standby) type CR 20-2;
• “jockey” pump from Grundfos, type CR 1-3;
• intermediate tank V=40l;
• pressure alarms (SDS).

Parameters of fire pumps (main, backup) from GRUNDFOS: Parameters of the “jockey” pump from GRUNDFOS: According to clause 7.43 of NPB 88-2001* and clause 6.15 of SNiP 2.04-01-85*, it is possible to supply water to the network of a water fire extinguishing installation and the internal fire-fighting water supply system using mobile means (fire fighting vehicles) . For this purpose, four connecting heads (GM-77 with installation of gate valves and check valves in the pumping station room) are brought out from the pumping station room from the group of pumps to the outer wall of the building in axes A/6-7 for connecting fire fighting equipment.

P 70.0010.09-90

Introduced for the first time

Saratov 1990

1. General Provisions 2. National economic facilities that do not require fire-fighting water supply systems 3.1 Facilities allowing fire-fighting water supply from containers 3.2 Water consumption for external fire extinguishing 3.3 Volume of fire tanks and open water bodies 3.4 Placement and equipment of fire tanks 4. Fire extinguishing of national economic facilities from the fire-fighting water supply network 4.1 Schemes of fire-fighting water supply and water supply systems 4.2 Water consumption for fire fighting 4.3 Free heads during fire fighting 4.4 Duration of fire extinguishing 4.5 Placement of fire-fighting equipment and fittings 4.6 Calculation of fire-fighting water supply 4.7 Selection of pumping equipment and determination of tank capacity

1. General Provisions

1.1. This manual has been compiled on the basis of current rules and regulations:

determining the need for external and internal fire extinguishing systems for each building;

determination of the estimated flow rate and required pressure for internal and external fire extinguishing for each building;

determination of the dictating building for fire extinguishing costs and pressures;

choosing a fire extinguishing source, identifying the possibility of external fire extinguishing from a tank, solving the external network diagram;

determination of the volume of fire-fighting containers, pipeline diameters, and, if necessary, pumping equipment;

detached, located outside populated areas, public catering establishments (canteens, snack bars, cafes, etc.) with a building volume of up to 1000 m 3 and trade enterprises with an area of ​​up to 150 m 2 (with the exception of department store stores), as well as public buildings I and II degrees of fire resistance with a volume of up to 250 m 3, located in populated areas;

industrial buildings of I and II degrees of fire resistance with a volume of up to 1000 m 3 (except for buildings with unprotected metal or wooden load-bearing structures, as well as with polymer insulation with a volume of up to 250 m 3) with production facilities of category D;

factories for the production of reinforced concrete products and ready-mixed concrete with buildings of I and II degrees of fire resistance, located in populated areas equipped with water supply networks, provided that hydrants are located at a distance of no more than 200 m from the most distant building of the plant;

seasonal universal collection points for agricultural products with a building volume of up to 1000 m 3 , buildings for warehouses of combustible materials and non-combustible materials in combustible packaging with an area of ​​up to 50 m 2 ".

2.2. SNiP 2.04.01-85 "Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings", clause 6.5:

"Internal fire water supply should not be provided:

a) in buildings and premises with a volume or height less than those indicated in the table. 1 and 2;

b) in the buildings of secondary schools, including schools with assembly halls equipped with stationary film equipment, as well as in bathhouses;

c) in seasonal cinema buildings for any number of seats;

d) in industrial buildings in which the use of water can cause an explosion, fire, or spread of fire;

e) in industrial buildings of I and II degrees of fire resistance from fireproof materials of categories G and D, regardless of their volume, and in industrial buildings of III - IV degrees of fire resistance with a volume of no more than 5000 m 3 categories G, D;

f) in production and auxiliary buildings of industrial enterprises, as well as in premises for storing vegetables and fruits and in refrigerators that are not equipped with drinking water or industrial water supply, for which fire extinguishing from containers (reservoirs, reservoirs) is provided;

g) in roughage warehouse buildings with a volume of up to 3000 m 3;

h) in buildings of mineral fertilizer warehouses with a volume of up to 5000 m 3, I and II degrees of fire resistance made of fireproof materials.

Note: It is allowed not to provide internal fire-prevention water supply in industrial buildings for the processing of agricultural products, category B, I and II degrees of fire resistance made of fireproof materials, with a volume of up to 5000 m 3 ".

3. Fire extinguishing of national economic facilities from containers

3.1. Facilities that allow fire-fighting water supply from containers.

3.1.1. SNiP 2.04.02-84 "Water supply. External networks and structures", clause 2.11, note I:

"It is allowed to accept external fire-fighting water supply from containers (reservoirs, reservoirs) for:

Settlements with a population of up to 5 thousand people;

detached public buildings with a volume of up to 1000 m 3 located in settlements that do not have a ring fire water supply; with the volume of buildings of St. 1000 m 3 - in agreement with the territorial bodies of the State Fire Supervision;

industrial buildings with production categories B, D and D with a water consumption for external fire extinguishing of 10 l/s;

roughage warehouses with a volume of up to 1000 m 3 ;

mineral fertilizer warehouses with a building volume of up to 5000 m 3 ;

buildings of radio and television transmitting stations;

buildings for refrigerators and storages of vegetables and fruits."

3.2. Water consumption for external fire extinguishing.

3.2.1. SNiP 2.04.02-84 "Water supply. External networks and structures."

a) clause 2.12: “Water consumption for external fire extinguishing (per fire) and the number of simultaneous fires in a populated area... should be taken according to Table 5.

Table 5

Notes: 1. The water consumption for external fire extinguishing in a populated area must be no less than the water consumption for fire extinguishing of residential and public buildings indicated in Table. 6.

4. For a group water supply, the number of simultaneous fires should be taken depending on the total number of residents in populated areas connected to the water supply."

b) clause 2.13: “Water consumption for external fire extinguishing (per fire) of residential and public buildings... should be taken... according to Table 6.

Table 6

c) clause 2.14: “Water consumption for external fire extinguishing at industrial and agricultural enterprises per fire should be taken for the building requiring the highest water consumption according to Table 7 or 8.

Table 7

Fire resistance level of buildings		Water consumption for external fire extinguishing of industrial buildings with lanterns, as well as without lanterns up to 60 m wide, per fire. l/s, with building volumes thousand m 3
			St. 3 to 5	St. 5 to 20	St. 20 to 50

Table 8

Notes to table 7 and 8: ... 2. Water consumption for external fire extinguishing of detached auxiliary buildings of industrial enterprises should be determined according to table. 6, as for public buildings, and those built into industrial buildings - according to the total volume of the building according to table. 7.

3. Water consumption for external fire extinguishing of buildings of agricultural enterprises should be determined according to table. 6, as for public buildings, and those built into industrial buildings - according to the total volume of the building according to table. 7.

7. The degree of fire resistance of buildings or structures must be determined in accordance with the requirements of SNiP II-2-80; categories of production for explosion, explosion and fire hazards - SNiP II-90-81.

For buildings of fire resistance class II with wooden structures, the water consumption for external fire extinguishing should be taken 5 l/s more than indicated in the table. 7 and 8".

d) clause 2.15: “Water consumption for external fire extinguishing of buildings divided into parts by fire walls should be taken for that part of the building where the greatest water consumption is required.

e) clause 2.24: “The duration of fire extinguishing should be 3 hours; for buildings of I and II degrees of fire resistance with fireproof load-bearing structures and insulation with production categories G and D - 2 hours.”

3.3. Volume of fire tanks and open
reservoirs

3.3.1. SNiP 2.04.02-84 "Water supply. External networks and structures", clause 9.28.

“The volume of fire reservoirs and reservoirs should be determined based on the estimated water consumption and the duration of fire extinguishing...

Note. 1. The volume of open reservoirs must be calculated taking into account possible water evaporation and ice formation. The excess of the edge of an open reservoir above the highest water level in it must be at least 0.5 m."

3.4. Placement and equipment of fire tanks.

3.4.1. SNiP 2.04.02-84 "Water supply. External networks and structures."

a) clause 9.28; Notes: "2. Free access to fire fighting tanks, reservoirs and receiving wells must be provided with paved roads in accordance with clause 14.6.

3. Signs in accordance with GOST 12.4.009-83 must be provided at the locations of fire tanks and reservoirs.

Signs located near fire reservoirs or reservoirs must be light or fluorescent with the letter index PV, digital values ​​of the water reserve in m3 and the number of fire trucks that can be simultaneously installed at the fire reservoir.

b) clause 9.29: “The number of fire tanks or reservoirs must be at least two, and in each of them 50% of the volume of water for fire extinguishing must be stored.

The distance between fire tanks or reservoirs should be taken in accordance with clause 9.30, while the supply of water to any point of the fire should be provided from two adjacent tanks or reservoirs."

c) clause 9.30: “Fire tanks or reservoirs should be placed in accordance with the condition that they serve buildings located within the radius of:

if there are motor pumps - 100 - 150 m, depending on the type of motor pump.

To increase the service radius, it is allowed to lay dead-end pipelines from tanks or reservoirs with a length of no more than 200 m, taking into account the requirements of clause 9.32.

Distance from the point of water intake from tanks or reservoirs to buildings III; IV and V degrees of fire resistance and to open warehouses of combustible materials should be at least 30 m, to buildings of I and II degrees of fire resistance - at least 10 m.

d) clause 9.31: “The supply of water for filling fire tanks and reservoirs should be provided through fire hoses up to 250 m long, and, with the agreement of the State Fire Supervision authorities, up to 500 m long.”

e) clause 9.32: “If the direct intake of water from a fire reservoir or reservoir using autopumps or motor pumps is difficult, receiving wells with a volume of 3 - 5 m 3 should be provided.

The diameter of the pipeline connecting the tank or reservoir with the receiving well should be taken from the condition of passing the calculated water flow for external fire extinguishing, but not less than 200 mm. In front of the receiving well, a well with a valve should be installed on the connecting pipeline, the steering wheel of which should be located under the manhole cover.

A grill should be provided on the connecting pipeline on the reservoir side."

f) Clause 9.33: “Fire tanks and reservoirs are not required to be equipped with overflow and drain pipelines...”.

g) Clause 14.6: “Water supply buildings and structures... should be provided with entrances... with a lightweight, improved coating.”

4. Fire extinguishing of national economic facilities
from the fire-fighting water supply network.

4.1. Schemes of fire-fighting water supply and water supply systems.

4.1.1. SNiP 2.04.02-84 "Water supply. External networks and structures", clause 2.11:

“Fire-fighting water supply should be provided in populated areas, at national economic facilities and, as a rule, combined with drinking water supply or industrial water supply.”

4.1.2. When designing facilities, the following main options for installing a fire-fighting water supply system are possible:

integrated utility and drinking industrial and fire-fighting water supply system, powered by city ring networks and provided with the necessary flow and pressure;

combined utility-fire-fighting or industrial-fire-fighting water supply system fed from city ring networks and provided with the necessary flow and pressure;

combined utility-fire-fighting or industrial-fire-fighting water supply with local booster installations for internal fire-fighting needs, powered by ring city networks that do not provide buildings with the required pressure for internal fire-fighting;

a combined utility-fire-fighting or industrial-fire-fighting water supply system with a complex of water supply structures (pumping station and reservoirs), powered by city networks that do not provide the facility with the required flow rate and pressure;

a combined utility and drinking industrial and fire-fighting water supply system with a complex of water supply structures (pumping station and reservoirs), powered by city networks that do not provide the facility with the required flow and pressure;

fire-fighting water supply system with tanks and a pumping station, if it is impossible to combine it with a drinking water supply or industrial water supply system. This option is used only in exceptional cases.

The design of the above options comes down to solving the following main tasks:

determination of estimated fire extinguishing costs;

determination of required pressures;

calculation of pipelines for fire flow;

determination of the required tank capacity (if necessary);

selection of pumping equipment (if necessary).

4.1.3. SNiP 2.04.02-84 "Water supply. External networks and structures."

a) Clause 4.4: “Centralized water supply systems are divided into three categories according to the degree of water supply:

I - it is allowed to reduce the water supply for household and drinking needs by no more than 30% of the calculated consumption and for production needs up to the limit established by the emergency work schedule of enterprises; The duration of the reduction in flow should not exceed 3 days. An interruption in the water supply or a reduction in supply below the specified limit is allowed while the damaged elements are turned off and the reserve elements of the system (equipment, fittings, structures, pipelines, etc.) are turned off, but for no more than 10 minutes;

II - the amount of permissible reduction in water supply is the same as for category I; The duration of the reduction in flow should not exceed 10 days.

An interruption in the water supply or a reduction in supply below the specified limit is allowed while the damaged elements are turned off and the backup elements are turned on or during repairs, but not more than 6 hours;

III - the amount of permissible reduction in water supply is the same as for category I; The duration of the reduction in flow should not exceed 15 days.

A break in the water supply or a reduction in supply below the specified limit is allowed for the duration of repairs, but not more than 24 hours.

United drinking and industrial water supply systems of populated areas with a population of more than 50 thousand people. should be classified as category I; from 5 to 50 thousand people. - to category II; less than 5 thousand people - to category III.

If it is necessary to increase the availability of water supply for the production needs of industrial and agricultural enterprises (productions, workshops, installations), local water supply systems should be provided.

Projects of local systems that meet the technological requirements of facilities must be considered and approved together with the projects of these facilities.

Elements of water supply systems of category II, damage to which may disrupt the supply of water for fire extinguishing, must belong to category I."

b) Clause 4.10: “Calculations of the joint operation of water pipelines, water supply networks, pumping stations and control tanks should be made to the extent necessary to justify the water supply and distribution system for the estimated period, establish the priority of its implementation, select pumping equipment and determine the required volumes of control containers and their location for each stage of construction."

c) Clause 4.11: “For water supply systems in populated areas, calculations of the joint operation of water pipelines, water supply networks, pumping stations and control tanks should, as a rule, be performed for the following characteristic water supply modes:

per day of maximum water consumption - maximum, average and minimum hourly consumption, as well as maximum hourly consumption and estimated water consumption for fire fighting;

per day of average water consumption

Average hourly consumption;

per day of minimum water consumption - minimum hourly flow.

Carrying out calculations for other modes of water consumption, as well as refusal to carry out calculations for one or more of the specified modes, is allowed if the sufficiency of the calculations is justified to identify the conditions for the joint operation of water pipelines, pumping stations, control tanks and distribution networks for all typical water consumption modes.

For industrial water supply systems, their characteristic operating conditions are established in accordance with the specifics of production technology and fire safety.

Note: When calculating structures, water conduits and networks for the fire extinguishing period, emergency shutdown of water conduits and ring network lines, as well as sections and blocks, is not taken into account."

4.2. Water consumption for fire fighting.

Estimated water consumption for fire extinguishing p. equal to:

Q =Q n +Q int +Q mouth,

where Q n is the estimated flow rate for external fire extinguishing;

Q int - design flow rate for internal fire extinguishing;

Q mouth - estimated consumption for automatic fire extinguishing installations.

As a rule, automatic fire extinguishing systems are equipped with autonomous tanks and pumping units, in connection with this, the definition of Q set. is not included in the scope of this manual.

With a combined network of utility-fire-fighting or industrial-fire-fighting water supply "... the calculated water consumption for fire extinguishing should be ensured at the highest water consumption for other needs",... (household, drinking, industrial) "... at the same time In an industrial enterprise, water consumption for watering the territory, taking a shower, washing floors and washing technological equipment, as well as for watering plants in greenhouses, is not taken into account..." (clause 2.21 of SNiP 2.04.02-84 "Water supply. External networks and structures" ).

4.2.1. Water consumption for external fire extinguishing.

a) Clause 2.12: “Water consumption for external fire extinguishing (per fire) and the number of simultaneous fires in a populated area for the calculation of main (calculated ring) water supply lines are taken according to Table 5.

Table 5

Number of inhabitants in the locality thousand people.	Estimated number of simultaneous fires	Water consumption for external fire extinguishing in a populated area per fire, l/s
		development of buildings up to two floors high, inclusive, regardless of their degree of fire resistance	development of buildings with a height of three floors and above, regardless of their degree of fire resistance

Notes: I. The water consumption for external fire extinguishing in a populated area must be no less than the water consumption for fire extinguishing of residential and public buildings indicated in Table. 6.

4. For a group water supply, the number of simultaneous fires should be taken depending on the total number of residents in populated areas connected to the water supply.

Water consumption to restore fire volume through a group water supply system should be determined as the sum of water consumption for populated areas (corresponding to the number of simultaneous fires) requiring the highest fire extinguishing costs according to paragraphs. 2.24 and 2.25.

5. The estimated number of simultaneous fires in a populated area includes fires at industrial enterprises located within the populated area.

In this case, the calculated water consumption should include the corresponding water consumption for fire extinguishing at these enterprises, but not less than those indicated in the table. 5".

b) Clause 2.13: “Water consumption for external fire extinguishing” (per one fire) of residential and public buildings for calculating the connecting and distribution lines of the water supply network, as well as the water supply network within a microdistrict or block, should be taken for the building that requires the highest water consumption according to the table . 6.

Table 6

Purpose of buildings	Water consumption per fire, l/s, for external fire extinguishing of residential and public buildings, regardless of their degrees of fire resistance for building volumes, thousand m 3
		St. 1 to 5	St. 5 to 25	St. 25 to 50	St. 50 to 150
Single-section and multi-section residential buildings with the number of floors:
Public buildings with the number of floors:

* For rural settlements, water consumption per fire is 5 l/s.

c) Clause 2.14: “Water consumption for external fire extinguishing at industrial and agricultural enterprises per fire should be taken for the building that requires the highest water consumption, according to Table 7 or 8.

Table 7

Fire resistance level of buildings		Water consumption for external fire extinguishing of industrial buildings with lanterns, as well as without lanterns up to 60 m wide, per fire, l/s, with building volumes of thousand m 3
			St. 3 to 5	over 50 to 20	St. 20 to 50	St. 50 to 200	St. 200 to 400	St. 400 to 600

Table 8

Fire resistance level of buildings		Water consumption for external fire extinguishing of industrial buildings without lanterns with a width of 60 m or more per fire, l/s, with building volumes of thousand m 3
			St. 50 to 100	St. 100 to 200	St. 200 to 300	St. 300 to 400	St. 400 to 500	St. 500 to 600	St. 600 to 700	St. 700 to 800

Notes to the table 7 and 8: 1. In the event of two design fires at an enterprise, the design water consumption for fire extinguishing should be taken for the two buildings that require the greatest water consumption.

2. Water consumption for external fire extinguishing of detached auxiliary buildings of industrial enterprises should be determined according to table. 6, as for public buildings, and those built into industrial buildings - according to the total volume of the building according to table. 7.

3. Water consumption for external fire extinguishing of buildings of agricultural enterprises of fire resistance class I and II with a volume of no more than 5 thousand m 3 with production of categories D and D should be taken at 5 l/s.

4. Water consumption for external fire extinguishing of timber warehouses with a capacity of up to 10 thousand m 3 should be taken according to table. 7, classifying them as buildings of fire resistance degree V with production category B.

For larger warehouse capacities, the requirements of the relevant regulatory documents should be followed.

7. The degree of fire resistance of buildings or structures should be determined in accordance with the requirements of SNiP II-2-80; categories of production for explosion, explosion and fire hazards - SNiP II-90-81.

8. For buildings of II degree of fire resistance with wooden structures, water consumption for external fire extinguishing should be taken 5 l/s more than indicated in the table. 7 or 8".

d) Clause 2.15: “Water consumption for external fire extinguishing of buildings divided into parts by fire walls should be taken for that part of the building where the greatest water consumption is required.

Water consumption for external fire extinguishing of buildings separated by fire partitions should be determined based on the total volume of the building and a higher fire hazard production category."

e) Clause 2.16: "Water consumption for external fire extinguishing of one - two-story industrial and one-story warehouse buildings with a height (from the floor to the bottom of horizontal load-bearing structures on a support) of no more than 18 m with load-bearing steel structures (with a fire resistance limit of at least 0.25 h ) and enclosing structures (walls and coverings) made of profiled steel or asbestos-cement sheets with combustible or polymer insulation must be taken 10 l/s more than indicated in Tables 8 and 7.

For these buildings, in places where external fire escapes are located, dry pipe risers with a diameter of 80 mm, equipped with fire connecting heads at the upper and lower ends of the riser, must be provided.

Note. For buildings with a width of no more than 24 m and a height to the eaves of no more than 10 m, dry pipe risers may not be provided."

f) P. 2.22: “The estimated number of simultaneous fires at an industrial or agricultural enterprise should be taken depending on the area they occupy: one fire for an area of ​​up to 150 hectares...”

g) P. 2.23: “With a combined fire-fighting water supply of a populated area and an industrial or agricultural enterprise located outside the populated area, the estimated number of simultaneous fires in accordance with the requirements of the Main Directorate for Fire Protection of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR should be accepted:

with an enterprise area of ​​up to 150 hectares and the number of residents in a settlement up to 10 thousand people. - one fire (at a sludge plant in a populated area with the highest water consumption); the same, with the number of inhabitants in a settlement exceeding 10 to 25 thousand people. - two fires (one at an enterprise and one in a populated area);

With the number of residents in the settlement exceeding 25 thousand people. according to clause 2.22 and table. 5, in this case, water consumption should be determined as the sum of the required greater flow (at an enterprise or in a populated area);

at several industrial enterprises and one settlement - in accordance with the requirements of the State Fire Supervision authorities."

4.2.2. Water consumption for internal fire extinguishing

SNiP 2.04.01-85 "Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings."

a) Clause 6.1: “For residential and public buildings, as well as auxiliary buildings of industrial enterprises, the need to install an internal fire-fighting water supply system, as well as the minimum water consumption for fire extinguishing should be determined in accordance with Table 1, and for industrial and warehouse buildings - in accordance with from table 2.

The water consumption for fire extinguishing, depending on the height of the compact part of the jet and the diameter of the spray, should be clarified according to the table. 3...

Table 1

Residential, public and auxiliary buildings and premises		Number of jets	Minimum water consumption for internal fire extinguishing l/s, per jet
	Residential buildings:
	with the number of floors from 12 to 16
	with the number of floors St. 16 to 25
	the same, with the total length of the corridor of St. 10 m
	Office buildings:
	with a height of 6 to 10 floors and a volume of up to 25,000 m3
	the same, volume of St. 25000 m 3
	the same, volume 25000 m 3
	Clubs with a stage, theaters, cinemas, assembly and conference halls equipped with film equipment	According to the VSN "Cultural and entertainment institutions. Design standards" of the State Civil Engineering
	Dormitories and public buildings not listed in pos. 2:
	with a number of floors up to 10 and a volume from 5000 to 25000 m3
	the same, volume of St. 25000 m 3
	with the number of floors St. 10 and volume up to 25000 m 3
	the same, volume of St. 25000 m 3
	Auxiliary buildings of industrial enterprises, volume, m 3:
	from 5000 to 25000

Notes: 1. The minimum water flow rate for residential buildings can be taken equal to 1.5 l/s in the presence of fire nozzles, hoses and other equipment with a diameter of 38 mm.

2. The volume of the building should be determined by the outer surfaces of the enclosing structures, including all basements.

table 2

Fire resistance level of buildings		Number of jets and minimum water consumption, l/s, per jet, for internal fire extinguishing in industrial and warehouse buildings up to 50 m high and volume, thousand m 3
		from 0.5 to 5	St. 5 to 50	St. 50 to 200	St. 200 to 400	St. 400 to 800

Notes: 1. For laundry factories, fire extinguishing should be provided in the dry laundry processing and storage areas.

2. Water consumption for internal fire extinguishing in buildings and premises with a volume exceeding the values ​​indicated in table. 2 should be agreed upon in each specific case with the territorial fire authorities.

3. Number of jets and water consumption per jet for grade buildings:

III b - buildings of predominantly frame construction. Frame elements made of solid or laminated wood and other combustible materials of enclosing structures (mainly wood) subjected to fire retardant treatment;

III a - buildings predominantly with an unprotected metal frame and enclosing structures made of fireproof sheet materials with low-flammable insulation;

IV a - buildings are predominantly one-story with a metal unprotected frame and enclosing structures made of sheet fireproof materials with combustible insulation, are accepted according to the specified table depending on the location of the categories of production in them, as for buildings of II and IV degrees of fire resistance, taking into account clause 6.3 (equating the degrees of fire resistance III a to II, III b and IV a to IV).

b) Clause 6.3: "In buildings and structures made of laminated wood or unprotected load-bearing metal structures, the water flow for internal fire extinguishing should be increased by 5 l/s (one jet); when using enclosing structures with polymer insulation - by 10 l/s (two jets of 5 l/s each) with a building volume of up to 10,000 m 3. With a larger building volume, the water flow must be increased by 5 l/s for every full or incomplete 100,000 m 3 ".

c) Clause 6.4: “In halls with a large presence of people in the presence of combustible finishing, the number of jets for internal fire extinguishing should be taken one more than indicated in Table 1.”

d) Clause 6.6: “For parts of buildings of different number of floors or premises for different purposes, the need to install internal fire water supply and water consumption for fire extinguishing should be taken separately for each part of the building in accordance with clauses 6.1 and 6.2.

In this case, the water consumption for internal fire extinguishing should be taken as follows:

for buildings that do not have fire walls - based on the total volume of the building;

for buildings divided into parts by fire walls of types I and II - according to the volume of that part of the building where the greatest water consumption is required;

for buildings with rooms with different categories of fire hazard, when separating rooms with a more dangerous category with fire walls along the entire height of the building (floor) - according to the volume of that part of the building where the greatest water consumption is required;

in case the premises are not allocated - according to the total volume of the building and a more dangerous fire hazard category.

When connecting buildings of I and II degrees of fire resistance with transitions made of fireproof materials and installing fire doors, the volume of the building is calculated for each building separately; in the absence of fire doors - according to the total volume of buildings and a more dangerous category.

Note: For buildings that have several fire hazards, enclosed by fire walls, summing up the volumes of the room to determine the water consumption for fire extinguishing is not required."

Table 3

Height of the compact part of the jet or room, m

Pressure, m,

Fire jet performance, l/s

Pressure, m, at a fire hydrant with hoses length, m

Fire jet performance, l/s

Pressure, m, at a fire hydrant with hoses length, m

Fire nozzle tip spray diameter, mm

Fire hydrants D = 50 mm

Fire hydrants D = 65 mm

4.3. Free pressures during fire fighting.

4.3.1. SNiP 2.04.02-84 "Water supply. External networks and structures."

a) Clause 2.29: “Fire-fighting water supply should be of low pressure, fire-fighting water supply of high pressure is allowed to be used only with appropriate justification.

In high-pressure water supply, stationary fire pumps must be equipped with devices that ensure the pumps start no later than after 5 minutes. after giving a signal about a fire.

Note. For settlements with a population of up to 5 thousand people, in which professional fire protection is not provided, the fire-fighting water supply system must be of high pressure."

b) Clause 2.30: “The free pressure in the low-pressure fire-fighting water supply network (at ground level) during fire fighting must be at least 10 m.

The free pressure in the high-pressure fire-fighting water supply network must ensure a compact jet height of at least 10 m at full water consumption for fire extinguishing and the fire nozzle is located at the highest point of the tallest building.

The maximum free pressure in the combined water supply network should not exceed 60 m."

4.3.2. SNiP 2.04.01-85 "Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings."

a) Clause 6.7: “The hydrostatic pressure in the drinking and fire-fighting water supply system at the level of the lowest located sanitary fixture should not exceed 60 m.

The hydrostatic head in the separate fire-fighting water supply system at the level of the lowest fire hydrant should not exceed 90 m.

Notes: 1. In the fire-fighting water supply system, during fire extinguishing, it is allowed to increase the pressure to no more than 90 m at the level of the lowest located sanitary fixture, while hydraulic testing of the systems should be carried out with installed water fittings.

2. When pressures at fire hydrants exceed 40 m, diaphragms should be installed between the fire hydrant and the connecting head to reduce excess pressure. It is allowed to install diaphragms with the same hole diameter on 3 - 4 floors of a building.

b) Clause 6.8: “The combined pressures at internal fire hydrants must ensure the production of compact fire jets with a height necessary to extinguish a fire at any time of the day in the highest and most remote part of the building. The minimum height and radius of action of the compact part of the fire jet should be taken equal to the height premises, counting from the floor to the highest point of the ceiling (covering), but not less than:

6 m - in residential, public, industrial and auxiliary buildings of industrial enterprises up to 50 m high...

Notes: 1. The pressure at fire hydrants should be determined taking into account the pressure losses in fire hoses 10.15 or 20 m long.

2. To obtain fire jets with a water flow rate of up to 4 l/s, fire hydrants and hoses with a diameter of 50 mm should be used to obtain fire jets of greater productivity - with a diameter of 65 mm. During the feasibility study, it is allowed to use fire hydrants with a diameter of 50 mm and a capacity of over 4 l/s."

4.4. Duration of fire extinguishing.

4.4.1. Duration of external fire extinguishing.

SNiP 2.04.02-84 "Water supply. External networks and structures", clause 2.24:

"The duration of fire extinguishing should be taken as 3 hours; for buildings of I and II degrees of fire resistance with fireproof load-bearing structures and insulation with production categories G and D - 2 hours."

4.4.2. Duration of internal fire extinguishing.

SNiP 2.04.01-85 "Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings", clause 6.10:

“The operating time of fire hydrants should be taken as 3 hours. When installing fire hydrants on automatic fire extinguishing systems, their operating time should be taken equal to the operating time of automatic fire extinguishing systems.”

4.5. Placement of fire-fighting equipment and fittings

4.5.1. Placement of fire hydrants.

SNiP 2.04.02-84 "Water supply. External networks and structures" clause 8.16:

“Fire hydrants should be provided along highways at a distance of no more than 2.5 m from the edge of the roadway, but no closer than 5 m from the walls of buildings; it is allowed to place hydrants on the roadway. However, installation of hydrants on a branch from the water supply line is not allowed.

The placement of fire hydrants on the water supply network must ensure fire extinguishing of any building, structure or part thereof served by this network from at least two hydrants with a water flow rate for external fire extinguishing of 15 l/s or more, and one with a water flow rate of less than 15 l/s, taking into account laying hose lines with a length not exceeding that specified in clause 9.30 on paved roads.

The distance between hydrants is determined by a calculation that takes into account the total water consumption for fire fighting and the throughput of the type of hydrants being installed in accordance with GOST 8220-62, as amended. and GOST 13816-80.

Pressure loss h, m, per 1 m length of hose lines should be determined by the formula:

h = 0.00385q n 2

where q n is the productivity of the fire jet, l/s.

Note. On the water supply network of settlements with a population of up to 500 people. Instead of hydrants, it is allowed to install risers with a diameter of 80 mm with fire hydrants."

The length of the sleeve lines is accepted to be no more than:

if there are car pumps - 200 m;

if there are motor pumps - 100? 150m.

The height of the fire hydrant should be taken according to the table. 1 depending on the diameter and depth of the bottom of the pipe of the water supply network.

Table 1

Pipe diameter, mm	Height of hydrants, mm, at the depth of the bottom of the pipe, mm:

4.5.2. Laying external networks.

4.5.2.1. SNiP 2.04.02-84 "Water supply. External networks and structures":

a) Clause 8.5: “Water supply networks must be circular. Dead-end water supply lines may be used:

To supply water for fire-fighting or household fire-fighting needs, regardless of the water consumption for fire extinguishing - with a line length not exceeding 200 m.

Looping external water supply networks with internal water supply networks of buildings and structures is not permitted.

Note: In settlements with a population of up to 5 thousand people. and water consumption for external fire extinguishing up to 10 l/s or when the number of internal fire hydrants in a building is up to 12, dead-end lines with a length of more than 200 m are allowed, provided that fire-fighting tanks or reservoirs, a water tower or a counter-tank are installed at the end of the dead-end..."

Letter TO-7-2966 dated June 30, 1989 from Soyuzvodokanalproekt explains that the laying of sections of water supply networks in transit through buildings by SNiP 2.04.02-84 is not prohibited, but when a section of the water supply system is disconnected inside the building, fire extinguishing from hydrants of any serviced by this external network must be ensured .

b) Clause 8.6: “The installation of accompanying lines for connecting associated consumers is allowed when the diameter of the main lines and water pipelines is 800 mm or more and the transit flow is at least 80% of the total flow; for smaller diameters - upon justification.

When the driveway width is more than 20 m, it is allowed to lay duplicate lines to prevent the crossing of the driveways by the inputs.

In these cases, fire hydrants should be installed on accompanying or backup lines.

If the width of the streets within the red lines is 60 m or more, the option of laying water supply networks on both sides of the streets should also be considered."

c) Clause 8.9: “On water pipelines and water supply network lines, if necessary, provision should be made for the installation of:

butterfly valves (gate valves) to isolate repair areas;

valves for air inlet and outlet when emptying and filling pipelines;

Outlets for discharging water when emptying pipelines...";

d) Clause 8.10: " Note: The division of the water supply network into repair sections should ensure that when one of the sections is turned off, no more than five fire hydrants are turned off..."

e) Clause 8.13: “Water pipelines and water supply networks must be designed with a slope of at least 0.001 towards the outlet; in case of flat terrain, the slope can be reduced to 0.0005”

f) Clause 8.14: “Outlets should be provided at low points in each repair area, as well as in places where water is released from flushing pipelines...”

g) Clause 8.15: “Water drainage from outlets should be provided for in the nearest drain, ditch, ravine, etc. If it is impossible to drain all or part of the discharged water by gravity, it is allowed to discharge the water into a well with subsequent pumping.”

h) Clause 8.21: "... For pressure water pipelines and networks, as a rule, non-metallic pipes should be used (reinforced concrete pressure pipes, asbestos-cement pressure pipes, plastic, etc. Refusal to use non-metallic pipes must be justified.

The use of cast iron pressure pipes is allowed for networks within populated areas, territories of industrial agricultural enterprises...

For reinforced concrete and asbestos-cement pipelines, the use of metal fittings is allowed..."

i) P. 8.30: “Water lines, as a rule, should be laid underground. During the thermal engineering and feasibility study, ground and above-ground installation, laying in tunnels is allowed...

When laying fire-fighting lines and combined with fire-fighting water supply lines in tunnels, above-ground or above-ground fire hydrants must be installed in wells.

When laying underground, shut-off, control and safety pipeline fittings must be installed in wells (chambers).

Well-free installation of shut-off valves is permitted upon justification."

j) P. 8.31: “The type of foundation for pipes must be taken depending on the bearing capacity of the soil and the magnitude of the loads.

In all soils, with the exception of rocky, contaminated and silt, pipes should be laid on natural soil with an undisturbed structure, ensuring leveling and, if necessary, profiling of the base.

For rocky soils, the base should be leveled with a 10 cm thick layer of sandy soil above the ledges. It is allowed to use local soil (sandy loam, loam) for these purposes, provided that it is compacted to a volumetric weight of the soil skeleton of 1.5 t/m 3 .

When laying pipelines in wet cohesive soils (loam, clay), the need for sand preparation is established by the work plan, depending on the water reduction measures provided, as well as on the type and design of the pipes.

In silt, peat and other weak water-saturated soils, pipes must be laid on an artificial foundation."

k) P. 8.42: “The depth of pipes, counting to the bottom, should be 0.5 m greater than the calculated depth of penetration into the soil at zero temperature.

When laying pipelines in a zone of negative temperatures, the material of pipes and elements of butt joints must meet the requirements of frost resistance."

m) P. 8.45: “When determining the depth of water pipelines and water supply networks during underground installation, external loads from transport and the conditions of intersection with other underground structures and communications should be taken into account.”

m) P. 8.46: “The choice of diameters of water pipelines and water supply networks should be made on the basis of technical and economic calculations, taking into account the conditions of their operation during emergency shutdown of individual sections.

The diameter of water supply pipes combined with fire protection in populated areas and industrial enterprises must be at least 100 mm, in rural settlements - at least 75 mm."

o) P. 8.50: "The location of water supply lines on the master plans, as well as the minimum distances in plan and at intersections from the outer surface of pipes to structures and utility networks must be accepted in accordance with SNiP II-89-80"

4.5.2.2. SNiP II-89-80 "Master plans of industrial enterprises":

a) P. 4.11: “The horizontal (clear) distances from underground utility networks to buildings and structures should be taken no less than those indicated in Table 9.

The horizontal (clear) distances between underground utility networks when they are placed in parallel should be taken no less than those indicated in the table. 10.

Table 9

Network engineering	Horizontal distance (clear), m, from underground networks to
	foundations of buildings and structures	fencing foundations, supports, pipeline overpass galleries, contact networks and communications	track axis of 1520 mm gauge railways, but not less than the depth of the trench up to half the embankment and excavation	tram track axes	roads		foundations of overhead power transmission line supports
					side stones, edges of the roadway, reinforced roadside strips.	the outer edge of the ditch or the bottom of the embankment	up to 1 kV and outdoor lighting	over 1 to 35 kV	over 35 sq.
1. Water supply and sewerage

Notes: 2. Distances from the water supply... to the outer surface of underground tanks can be reduced to 3 m, and to the foundations of buildings and other structures to 3 m, provided that the water supply is laid in a case. The distance from the water supply... to the foundations of overpasses and tunnels for highways may be taken equal to 2 m, provided that the said pipelines are laid at a depth above 0.5 m of the bases of the overpasses and tunnels.

5. When laying networks below the base of the foundations of buildings and structures, the distances indicated in the table should be increased depending on the type of soil or the foundations should be strengthened. In cramped conditions, it is permissible to reduce the distances from networks to foundations, provided that measures are taken to eliminate the possibility of damage to foundations in the event of an accident on the networks.

Table 10

Network engineering

Horizontal distance (clear), m, between

running water

sewerage

drainage or gutter

Gas pipelines for flammable gases

power cables of all voltages

communication cables

Heating networks

canals, tunnels

low pressure up to 0.005 MPa (0.05 kgf/cm 2)

average pressure St. 0.005 MPa to 0.3 MPa

high pressure St. 0.3 MPa to 0.6 MPa

high pressure over 0.6 MPa to 1.2 MPa

outer wall of a channel, tunnel

ductless laying shell

1. Water supply

see note. 2

* In accordance with the requirements of the PUE.

Note. 2. The distances from the sewerage system to the domestic drinking water supply must be taken as follows: to a water supply system made of reinforced concrete and asbestos-cement pipes laid in clay soils - at least 5 m, in coarse-grained and sandy soils - at least 10 m, to a water supply system made of cast iron pipes with a diameter of up to 200 mm - at least 1.5 m, with a diameter of more than 200 mm - at least 3 m, to a water supply system made of plastic pipes - at least 1.5 m."

b) Clause 4.13: “When crossing utility networks, the vertical (clear) distances must be no less than:

B) between pipelines and power cables up to 35 kV and communication cables - 0.5 m;

d) between power cables 110 - 220 kV and pipelines - 1 m;

e) in the conditions of reconstruction of enterprises, subject to compliance with the requirements of the PUE, the distance between cables of all voltages and pipelines may be reduced to 0.25 m;

f) between pipelines for various purposes (with the exception of sewer pipelines, crossing water pipelines and pipelines for toxic and foul-smelling liquids) - 0.2 m;

g) pipelines transporting drinking water should be placed 0.4 m higher than sewerage or pipelines transporting toxic and foul-smelling liquids; it is allowed to place steel pipelines enclosed in cases that transport drinking water of lower quality than sewer ones, while the distance from the walls of the sewer pipes to the edge of the case must be at least 5 m in each direction in clay soils and 10 m in coarse and sandy soils, and sewer pipes pipes should be made of cast iron pipes;

i) utility and drinking water supply inlets with a pipe diameter of up to 150 mm may be provided below sewer ones without installing a casing, if the distance between the walls of intersecting pipes is 0.5 m..."

4.5.3. Placement of fire hydrants

a) Clause 6.12: “When determining the location and number of fire risers and fire hydrants in buildings, the following must be taken into account:

in industrial and public buildings with an estimated number of jets of at least three, and in residential buildings - at least two, paired fire hydrants can be installed on risers;

in residential buildings with corridors over 10 m long, as well as in industrial and public buildings with an estimated number of jets of two or more, each point in the room should be irrigated with two jets - one jet from two adjacent risers (different fire cabinets).

Notes: 1. The installation of fire hydrants in technical floors, attics and technical undergrounds should be provided if they contain combustible materials and structures.

2. The number of jets supplied from each riser should be no more than two.

3. If there are four or more jets, it is allowed to use fire hydrants on adjacent floors to obtain the total required water flow."

b) Clause 6.13: “Fire hydrants should be installed at a height of 1.35 m above the floor of the room and placed in cabinets with openings for ventilation, adapted for their sealing and visual inspection without opening. Twin fire hydrants may be installed one above the other, with In this case, the second tap is installed at a height of at least 1 m from the floor."

c) Clause 6.14: “In fire cabinets of industrial, auxiliary and public buildings, it should be possible to place two hand-held fire extinguishers.

Each fire hydrant must be equipped with a fire hose of the same diameter, 10, 15 or 20 m long, and a fire nozzle.

In a building or parts of a building separated by fire walls, sprinklers, nozzles and fire hydrants of the same diameter and fire hoses of the same length should be used..."

A cabinet for placing fire-fighting equipment (barrel, hose, tap, fire extinguishers), as a rule, should have dimensions of 1000x255x900 (h); when installing twin fire hydrants, the cabinet size is taken to be 1000x255x1000 (h).

d) Clause 6.16: “Internal fire hydrants should be installed primarily at entrances, on landings of heated (except for smoke-free) staircases, in lobbies, corridors, passages and other most accessible places, and their location should not interfere with the evacuation of people.”

4.5.4. Laying internal networks

SNiP 2.04.01-85 "Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings":

a) Clause 9.1: "Systems of internal cold water pipelines should be adopted: dead-end, if a break in the water supply is allowed and with the number of fire hydrants up to 12; ring or with looped inputs with two dead-end pipelines with branches to consumers from each of them to ensure continuous water supply.

Ring networks must be connected to the outer ring network with at least two inputs.

Two or more inputs should be provided for:

buildings in which more than 12 fire hydrants are installed..."

b) Clause 9.2: “When installing two or more inputs, provision should be made for connecting them, as a rule, to different sections of the outer ring water supply network. Between the inputs to the building on the external network, valves or valves should be installed to ensure water supply to the building in case of an emergency one of the network sections."

c) Clause 9.3: “If it is necessary to install pumps in a building to increase pressure in the internal water supply network, the inlets must be combined in front of the pumps with the installation of a valve on the connecting pipeline to ensure water supply to each pump from any inlet.

When installing independent pumping units at each input, there is no need to combine inputs."

d) Clause 9.4: “It is necessary to provide for the installation of check valves at water supply inlets if several inlets are installed on the internal water supply network, having measuring devices and interconnected by pipelines inside the building.

Note: In some cases, when measuring devices are not provided, check valves should not be installed."

e) Clause 9.8: "The laying of internal water supply distribution networks in residential and public buildings should be provided in underground, basements, technical floors and attics, and in the absence of attics - on the ground floor in underground channels together with heating pipelines or under the floor with the installation of a removable frieze, as well as on building structures that allow open laying of pipelines, or under the ceiling of the upper floor.The laying of risers and distribution of internal water supply should be provided in shafts, openly - along the walls of showers, kitchens and other premises.

Hidden laying of pipelines should be provided for premises for which there are increased requirements for finishing, and for all systems made of plastic pipes (except for those located in sanitary facilities) ... "

f) Clause 9.9: “The laying of water supply networks inside industrial buildings, as a rule, should be provided open - but on trusses, columns, walls and under ceilings. If open installation is not possible, it is allowed to provide for the placement of water supply networks in common channels with other pipelines, except for pipelines transporting flammable, combustible or toxic liquids and gases. Joint laying of utility and drinking water pipelines with sewer pipelines is allowed only in through channels, while sewerage pipelines should be placed below the water supply. Special channels for laying water pipelines should be designed upon justification and only in exceptional cases. Pipelines supplying water to process equipment may be laid in the floor or under the floor."

g) Clause 9.11: “The laying of pipelines should be provided with a slope of at least 0.002.”

h) Clause 9.12: “Pipelines, except for fire risers, laid in channels, shafts, cabins, tunnels, as well as in rooms with high humidity, should be insulated from moisture condensation.”

i) Clause 9.13: “The installation of year-round internal cold water supply should be provided in rooms with an air temperature in winter above 2 °C. When laying pipelines in rooms with an air temperature below 2 °C, measures must be taken to protect pipelines from freezing.

If it is possible to briefly reduce the room temperature to 0 °C or lower, as well as when laying pipes in the zone of influence of external cold air (near external entrance doors and gates), thermal insulation of the pipes should be provided.”

4.5.5. Pipelines and fittings for fire protection
water supply

SNiP 2.04.01-85 "Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings":

a) Clause 10.1: "Pipe material for internal pipelines supplying cold water should be taken:

for supplying casting quality water from galvanized steel pipes with a diameter of up to 150 mm and non-galvanized pipes with larger diameters or from other materials, including plastics, approved for these purposes by the Main Sanitary and Epidemiological Directorate of the USSR Ministry of Health;

for supplying water for technological needs - taking into account the requirements for water quality, pressure and metal saving.

Pipe connections should be made by welding, flanges, threads or glue.

When welding galvanized pipes, restoration of the zinc coating should be done with paint containing at least 94% zinc dust.

Note: 1. Plastic pipes for combined and separate systems of internal fire-fighting water supply, except for connections to sanitary fixtures, as well as their laying under electrical cables in semi-through and through channels and tunnels are not allowed."

b) Clause 10.2: “Pipelines made of combustible materials laid in rooms of fire hazard categories A, B and C should be protected from fire.”

c) Clause 10.3: “Pipeline, water supply and mixing fittings for domestic and drinking water supply systems should be installed at a working pressure of 0.6 MPa (6 kgf/cm 2); fittings for individual fire-fighting systems and household and fire-fighting water supply systems - at operating pressure no more than 1.0 MPa (10 kgf/cm2); fittings for individual industrial water supply systems - at the operating pressure accepted according to technological requirements."

d) Clause 10.4; “The design of the water supply and shut-off valves ensures smooth closing and opening of the water flow. Valves (gates) must be installed on pipes with a diameter of 50 mm or more.

Notes: 1. When risers are looped vertically, it is allowed to install plug gland valves on them in the upper part and on the jumpers. A valve and drain plug should be provided at the base of the riser.

2. It is allowed, if justified, to use valves with diameters of 50 and 65 mm."

e) Clause 10.5: "Installation of shut-off valves on internal water supply networks should provide for:

on each input;

on a ring distribution network to ensure the possibility of switching off its individual sections for repairs (no more than a half-ring);

At the base of fire risers with a number of fire hydrants of 5 or more;

Notes: 1. Shut-off valves should be provided at the base and at the upper ends of vertically looped risers.

2. In ring sections, it is necessary to provide fittings that allow water to pass in two directions.

6. In residential and public buildings with a height of 7 floors or more with one fire riser, a repair valve must be provided in the middle part of the riser."

f) Clause 10.6: “When water fittings with a diameter of 50 mm or more are located at a height of more than 1.6 m from the floor, stationary platforms or bridges should be provided for its maintenance.

Note: When the height of the reinforcement is up to 3 m and the diameter is up to 150 mm, it is allowed to use mobile towers, stepladders and ladders with a slope of no more than 60°, subject to compliance with safety regulations."

4.6. Calculation of fire-fighting water supply

4.6.1. Calculation of external fire-fighting water supply networks

Hydraulic calculations of the external network of the combined utility, drinking and industrial fire-fighting water supply system are carried out in two modes:

1) at normal times according to the formula:

q calc = q x-p + q pr + q d

2) in case of fire according to the formula:

q calc = q x-p + q pr + q pozh,

where: q calculated - estimated water flow;

q x-p - water consumption for household and drinking needs;

q pr - water consumption for production needs;

q d - water consumption for using showers

q fire - water consumption for fire extinguishing, equal to the sum of water consumption for internal and external fire extinguishing.

Hydraulic calculation of the industrial fire-fighting water supply network is also carried out for two modes or

1) at normal times:

q calc = q pr

2) in case of fire:

q calc = q pr + q po

Hydraulic calculations of the fire-fighting water supply network are carried out to meet fire-fighting needs or:

q calc = q

Pipe diameters are selected taking into account the most economical water flow rates, at which construction and operating costs will be minimal. The magnitude of these speeds under normal operating conditions of the water supply system is: 0.7 - 1.2 m/s for pipes of small diameters; 1 ? 1.5 m/s - large diameters; 2? 2.5 m/s when omitting fire extinguishing costs.

The value of the hydraulic slope for determining pressure losses in pipelines should be taken in accordance with mandatory Appendix 10 of SNiP 2.04.02-84 “Water supply. External networks and structures” or according to tables for hydraulic calculation of pipes.

4.6.2. Calculation of internal fire protection networks
water supply

SNiP 2.04.01-85 "Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings":

a) Clause 7.1: “Hydraulic calculation of internal cold water supply networks must be carried out based on the maximum second water flow.”

b) Clause 7.2: “Networks of combined utility-fire-fighting and industrial-fire-fighting water supply systems must be checked to pass the calculated water consumption for fire extinguishing with the highest consumption for household, drinking and production needs, while the water consumption for using showers, washing floors, Watering the area is not taken into account.

It is also not necessary to take into account the shutdown (reservation) of sections of the water supply network, risers and equipment.

Note. For residential areas, during fire extinguishing and liquidation of an emergency on the external water supply network, it is allowed not to provide water supply to a closed hot water supply system."

c) Clause 7.3; “When calculating networks of utility, drinking, industrial and fire-fighting water supply systems, the necessary water pressures should be provided at... fire hydrants located highest and furthest from the input, taking into account the requirements of clause 7.5.”

d) Clause 7.4: “Hydraulic calculations of water supply networks fed by several inputs should be made taking into account the shutdown of one of them.

With two inputs, each of them must be designed for 100% water consumption, and with a larger number of inputs - for 50% water consumption."

e) Clause 7.5: “The diameters of the pipes of internal water supply networks should be determined based on the maximum use of the guaranteed water pressure in the external water supply network.

The diameters of the ring jumper pipelines should be no less than the largest diameter of the water riser."

f) Clause 7.6: “The speed of water movement in pipelines of internal water supply networks, including during fire fighting, should not exceed 3 m/s, in sprinkler and deluge systems - 10 m/s.

The diameters of the pipelines of the water risers in the sectional unit should be selected according to the calculated water flow in the riser, determined in accordance with clause 3.3, with a coefficient of 0.7".

g) Clause 7.7: "Pressure loss in sections of pipelines of cold water supply systems N, m, should be determined by the formula

H = iL / (I + K l) (12)

The values ​​of K l should be taken:

0.2 - in networks of integrated utility and fire water pipelines of residential and public buildings, as well as in networks of industrial water supply systems;

0.15 - in networks of integrated industrial fire-fighting water supply systems;

0.1 - in fire-fighting water supply networks."

4.7. Selection of pumping equipment I definition
tank capacities.

4.7.1. Pumping stations.

SNiP 2.04.02-84 "Water supply. External networks and structures."

a) Clause 7.1: “Pumping stations according to the degree of water supply should be divided into three categories, accepted in accordance with clause 4.4.

Notes: 1. Pumping stations that supply water directly to the fire-fighting and combined fire-fighting water supply networks should be classified as category I.

2. Pumping stations for fire-fighting and combined fire-fighting water supply systems of the facilities specified in the note. 1 clause 2.11 may be classified as category II.

4. For the established category of pumping station, the same category of power supply reliability should be accepted according to the “Rules for Electrical Installations” (PUE) of the USSR Ministry of Energy.

b) Clause 7.2: “The choice of the type of pumps and the number of working units should be made on the basis of calculations of the joint operation of pumps, water pipelines, networks, control tanks, daily and hourly water consumption schedules, fire extinguishing conditions, and the order of commissioning of the facility.

When choosing the type of pumping units, it is necessary to ensure the minimum amount of excess pressure developed by the pumps in all operating modes, through the use of control tanks, regulation of the speed, changing the number and types of pumps, trimming or replacing impellers in accordance with changes in their operating conditions during the design period. term.

Notes: 1. Installation of groups of pumps for various purposes is allowed in machine rooms.

2. In pumping stations supplying water for household and drinking needs, the installation of pumps pumping odorous and toxic liquids is prohibited, with the exception of pumps supplying a foam solution to the fire extinguishing system."

c) Clause 7.3: “In a pumping station for a group of pumps for the same purpose, supplying water to the same network or water pipelines, the number of backup units should be taken according to Table 32.

Table 32

Notes: 1. The number of working units includes fire pumps.

2. The number of working units of one group, except for firefighters, must be at least two. In pumping stations of categories II and III, upon justification, the installation of one working unit is allowed.

3. When installing pumps with different characteristics in one group, the number of reserve units should be taken for pumps of higher capacity according to table. 32, and store a backup pump of lower capacity in a warehouse.

4. In pumping stations of combined high-pressure fire-fighting water supply systems or when installing only fire pumps, one backup fire unit should be provided, regardless of the number of working units.

5. In pumping stations of water supply systems in settlements with a population of up to 5 thousand people. with one source of power supply, a backup fire pump with an internal combustion engine and automatic start (from batteries) should be installed.

6. In category II pumping stations with ten or more working units, one reserve unit may be stored in a warehouse.

7. To increase the productivity of buried pumping stations up to 20 - 30%, it should be possible to replace pumps with higher productivity or install backup foundations for installing additional pumps."

d) Clause 7.4: “The elevation of the pump axis should, as a rule, be determined from the condition of installing the pump casing under the fill:

in a container - from the upper water level (determined from the bottom) of the fire volume (for one fire, average - for two or more fires;

When determining the elevation of the pump axis, one should take into account the permissible vacuum suction height (from the calculated minimum water level) or the required pressure on the suction side required by the manufacturer, as well as the pressure loss in the suction pipeline, temperature conditions and barometric pressure.

Note: 1. In pumping stations of categories II and III, it is allowed to install pumps not under the fill; in this case, vacuum pumps and a vacuum boiler should be provided.

2. The floor level of machine rooms of buried pumping stations should be determined based on the installation of pumps of higher capacity or dimensions, taking into account notes. 7 p. 7.3"

e) Clause 7.5: “The number of suction lines to the pumping station, regardless of the number and groups of installed pumps, including fire pumps, must be at least two.

When one line is turned off, the rest must be designed to pass the full design flow rate for pumping stations of categories I and II..."

f) Clause 7.6: “The number of pressure lines from pumping stations of categories I and II must be at least two...”

g) Clause 7.7: “The placement of shut-off valves on the suction and pressure pipelines must ensure the possibility of replacing or repairing any of the pumps, check valves and stop valve bases, as well as checking the characteristics of the pumps without violating the requirements of clause 4.4 for the security of water supply... "

h) Clause 7.8: “The pressure line of each pump must be equipped with shut-off valves and, as a rule, a check valve installed between the pump and the shut-off valves.

When installing mounting inserts, they should be placed between the shut-off valve and the check valve.

Shut-off valves should be installed on the suction lines of each pump for pumps located under the fill or connected to a common suction manifold."

i) P. 7.9: “The diameter of pipes, fittings and fittings should be taken on the basis of a technical and economic calculation based on the speed of water movement within the limits specified in Table 33.

Table 33

Pipe diameter, mm	Speed ​​of water movement in pipelines of pumping stations, m/s
	suction	pressure
St. 250 to 800

j) Clause 7.10: "The dimensions of the machine room of the pumping station should be determined taking into account the requirements of Section 12"

k) Clause 7.11: “To reduce the size of the station in plan, it is allowed to install pumps with right and left rotation of the shaft, while the impeller should rotate in only one direction.”

l) Clause 7.12: "Suction and pressure manifolds with shut-off valves should be located in the pumping station building, if this does not cause an increase in the span of the turbine room."

n) Clause 7.13: “Pipelines in pumping stations, as well as suction lines outside the turbine room, as a rule, should be made of welded steel pipes using flanges for connection to fittings and pumps.”

o) Clause 7.14: “The suction pipeline, as a rule, must have a continuous rise to the pump of at least 0.005. In places where pipeline diameters change, eccentric transitions should be used.”

p) Clause 7.15: “In buried and semi-buried pumping stations, measures must be taken against possible flooding of units in the event of an accident within the turbine room on the largest pump in terms of performance, as well as shut-off valves or pipelines by: placing pump electric motors at a height of at least 0 .5 m from the floor of the machine room; gravity release of an emergency amount of water into the sewer or onto the surface of the earth with the installation of a valve or gate valve: pumping water from the pit with the main pumps for industrial purposes.

If it is necessary to install emergency pumps, their performance should be determined from the condition of pumping water from the turbine room with a layer of 0.5 m for no more than 2 hours and one backup unit should be provided."

p) P. 7.16: “For water drainage, the floors and channels of the turbine room should be designed with a slope towards the collection pit. On the foundations for pumps, sides, grooves and tubes for water drainage should be provided. If it is impossible to drain water by gravity from the pit, drainage pumps should be provided.” .

c) Clause 7.18: “Pumping stations with a machine room size of 6?9 m or more must be equipped with an internal fire-fighting water supply with a water flow rate of 2.5 l/s. In addition, the following should be provided:

when installing electric motors with voltages up to 1000 V or less: two manual foam fire extinguishers, and for internal combustion engines up to 300 hp. - four fire extinguishers;...

Note: Fire hydrants should be connected to the pressure manifold of the pumps."

t) Clause 7.19: “In the pumping station, regardless of the degree of automation, a sanitary unit (toilet, sink), a room and a locker for storing the clothes of the operating personnel (the repair crew on duty) should be provided.

When the pumping station is located at a distance of no more than 50 m from industrial buildings with sanitary facilities, it is allowed not to provide a sanitary unit "...

y) P. 7.21: “In pumping stations with internal combustion engines, it is allowed to place consumable containers with liquid fuel (gasoline up to 250 l, diesel fuel up to 500 l) in rooms separated from the engine rear by fireproof structures with fire resistance limits of at least 2 hours. "

f) Clause 7.22: “In pumping stations, installation of control and measuring equipment must be provided in accordance with the instructions of Section 13.”

x) Clause 7.23: "Fire-fighting water supply pumping stations may be located in industrial buildings, and they must be separated by fire partitions"

v) Clause 12.2: “When determining the area of ​​production premises, the width of passages should be taken at least:

between pumps or electric motors - I m;

between pumps or electric motors and the wall in recessed rooms - 0.7 m, in others - 1 m; in this case, the width of the passage on the electric motor side must be sufficient to dismantle the rotor;

between compressors or blowers - 1.5 m, between them and the wall - 1 m;

between fixed protruding parts of equipment - 0.7 m;

in front of the electrical distribution panel - 2 m.

Notes: 1. Passages around the equipment, regulated by the manufacturer, should be taken according to the passport data.

2. For units with a discharge pipe diameter up to 100 mm inclusive, the following is allowed: installation of units against a wall or on brackets; installation of two units on the same foundation with a distance between the protruding parts of the units of at least 0.25 m, with passages of at least 0.7 m wide around the double installation."

h) Clause 12.3: “For the operation of technological equipment, fittings and pipelines in the premises, lifting and transport equipment should be provided, and, as a rule, the following should be used: with a load weight of up to 5 tons - a manual hoist or a manual overhead crane;.. .

Note: 2. To move equipment and fittings weighing up to 0.3 tons, the use of rigging equipment is allowed."

4.7.2. Water storage tanks

SNiP 2.04.02-84 "Water supply. External networks and structures."

a) Clause 2.25: “The maximum period for restoring the fire volume of water should be no more than:

24 hours - in populated areas and at industrial enterprises with fire hazard categories A, B, C;

36 hours - at industrial enterprises with fire hazard categories G, D and E;

72 hours - in rural settlements and agricultural enterprises.

Notes: 1. For industrial enterprises with water consumption for external fire extinguishing of 20 l/s or less, it is allowed to increase the recovery time of the fire volume of water:

		productions

2. During the period of restoration of the fire volume of water, it is allowed to reduce the water supply for household and drinking needs by water supply systems of categories I and II up to 70%, category III up to 50% of the calculated flow rate and water supply for production needs according to the emergency schedule.”

b) Clause 9.1: “Containers in water supply systems, depending on their purpose, must include regulatory, fire, emergency and contact volumes of water.”

c) Clause 9.2: “The regulating volume of water W p, m 3, in containers (reservoirs, water tower tanks, counter-reservoirs, etc.) should be determined based on the schedules of water supply and withdrawal, and in their absence, by the formula:

W p = Q day.max (33)

where Q day.max is water consumption per day of maximum water consumption, m 3 / day;

K n - the ratio of the maximum hourly water supply to the regulating tank at water treatment stations, pumping stations or to the water supply network with a regulating tank to the average hourly flow rate per day of maximum water consumption;

K h - coefficient of hourly unevenness of water withdrawal from a regulating tank or a water supply network with a regulating tank, defined as the ratio of the maximum hourly withdrawal to the average hourly flow rate per day of maximum water consumption.

The maximum hourly water withdrawal directly for the needs of consumers who do not have regulating tanks should be taken equal to the maximum hourly water consumption. The maximum hourly withdrawal of water from the regulating tank by pumps for supply to the water supply network, if there is a regulating tank on the network, is determined by the maximum hourly productivity of the pumping station...

Note: When justified, it is allowed to provide a volume of water in containers to regulate the daily unevenness of water consumption."

d) Clause 9.3: “The fire volume of water should be provided in cases where obtaining the required amount of water to extinguish a fire directly from the water supply source is technically impossible or economically impractical.”

e) Clause 9.4: “The fire volume of water in tanks must be determined from the condition of ensuring:

fire extinguishing from external hydrants and internal fire hydrants in accordance with paragraphs. 2.12 - 2.17, 2.20, 2.22 - 2.24;

special fire extinguishing means (sprinklers, deluges, etc. that do not have their own tanks) according to paragraphs. 2.18 and 2.19;

maximum household, drinking and production needs for the entire fire extinguishing period, taking into account the requirements of clause 2.21.

Note. When determining the fire volume of water in reservoirs, it is allowed to take into account its replenishment during fire extinguishing, if the water supply to them is carried out by water supply systems of categories I and II."

f) Clause 9.5: “The fire volume of water in the tanks of water towers should be calculated for the ten-minute duration of extinguishing one external and one internal fire while simultaneously using the greatest amount of water for other needs.

Note. If justified, it is allowed to store in the tanks of water towers the full fire volume determined according to clause 9.4."

g) Clause 9.6: “When supplying water through one water pipeline in containers, the following should be provided:

emergency volume of water, ensuring during the liquidation of the accident on the water pipeline (clause 8.4) water consumption for household and drinking needs in the amount of 70% of the estimated average hourly water consumption and production needs according to the emergency schedule;

additional volume of water for fire extinguishing in the amount determined in accordance with clause 9.4.

Notes: 1. The time required to restore the emergency volume of water should be 36 - 48 hours.

2. Restoration of emergency water volume should be provided by reducing water consumption or using backup pumping units.

3. It is allowed not to provide an additional volume of water for fire extinguishing if the length of one water pipeline line is no more than 500 m to populated areas with a population of up to 5,000 people, as well as to industrial and agricultural enterprises when the water consumption for external fire extinguishing is no more than 40 l/s" .

h) Clause 9.9: “Containers and their equipment must be protected from water freezing.”

i) Clause 9.10: “In containers for drinking water, the exchange of fire and emergency volumes of water must be ensured within a period of no more than 48 hours.

Note. When justified, the period of water exchange in containers can be increased to 3 - 4 days. In this case, it is necessary to provide for the installation of circulation pumps, the performance of which should be determined from the condition of replacing water in containers within a period of no more than 48 hours, taking into account the supply of water from the water supply source."

j) Clause 9.12: “Water tanks and tanks of water towers must be equipped with: inlet and outlet pipelines or a combined inlet and outlet pipeline, overflow device, drain pipeline, ventilation device, brackets or ladders, manholes for the passage of people and transportation equipment.

Depending on the purpose of the container, the following should be additionally provided:

devices for measuring water level, monitoring vacuum and pressure in accordance with clause 13.36;

skylights with a diameter of 300 mm (in non-potable water tanks);

flushing water supply (portable or stationary); a device to prevent water from overflowing from a container (automation means or installation of a float shut-off valve on the supply pipeline);

a device for cleaning the air entering the container (in drinking water tanks)."

k) Clause 9.13: “At the end of the supply pipeline in reservoirs and tanks of water towers, a diffuser with a horizontal edge or a chamber should be provided, the top of which should be located 50 - 100 mm above the maximum water level in the tank.”

m) Clause 9.14: “A confuser must be provided on the outlet pipeline in the tank; with a pipeline diameter of up to 200 mm, it is permissible to use a receiving valve located in the pit (see clause 7.4.).

The distance from the edge of the confuser to the bottom of the walls of the tank or pit should be determined based on the speed of approach of water to the confuser, no more than the speed of water movement in the inlet section.

The horizontal edge of the confuser installed in the bottom of the tank, as well as the top of the pit, should be 50 mm higher than the bottom concrete.

A grate must be provided on the outlet pipeline or pit.

Outside the reservoir or water tower, on the outlet (supply-outlet) pipeline, a device should be provided for water withdrawal by tank trucks and fire trucks."

m) Clause 9.15: “The overflow device must be designed for a flow rate equal to the difference between the maximum supply and minimum water withdrawal. The layer of water at the edge of the overflow device must be no more than 100 mm.

In tanks and water towers intended for drinking water, a hydraulic valve must be provided on the overflow device."

o) Clause 9.16: “The drain pipeline should be designed with a diameter of 100 - 150 mm, depending on the volume of the tank. The bottom of the tank should have a slope of at least 0.005 towards the drain pipeline.”

p) Clause 9.17: “Drain and overflow pipelines should be connected (without flooding their ends):

from containers for non-potable water - to sewers of any purpose with a burst of flow or to an open ditch;

from drinking water containers - to a rain drain or to an open ditch with a stream break.

When connecting an overflow pipeline to an open ditch, it is necessary to provide for the installation of gratings with 10 mm gaps at the end of the pipeline.

If it is impossible or impractical to discharge water through the drain pipeline by gravity, a well should be provided for pumping out water with mobile pumps."

p) Clause 9.18: “The inlet and outlet of air when the position of the water level in the tank changes, as well as the exchange of air in tanks for storing fire and emergency volumes, should be provided through ventilation devices that exclude the possibility of the formation of a vacuum exceeding 80 mm water column. .

In tanks, the air space above the maximum level to the bottom edge of the slab or floor plane should be taken from 200 to 300 mm. The crossbars and slab supports can be flooded, and it is necessary to ensure air exchange between all sections of the coating."

c) Clause 9.19: “Hatches must be located close to the ends of the inlet, outlet and overflow pipelines. Manhole covers in drinking water tanks must have devices for locking and sealing. Tank hatches must rise above the floor insulation to a height of at least 0.2 m.

In drinking water tanks, complete sealing of all hatches must be ensured."

t) Clause 9.21: “The total number of tanks of the same purpose in one unit must be at least two.

In all tanks in the unit, the lowest and highest levels of fire, emergency and control volumes should be at the same levels, respectively.

When one tank is turned off, at least 50% of the fire and emergency volumes of water must be stored in the others.

The equipment of the tanks must provide the possibility of independent activation and emptying of each tank.

The construction of one tank is allowed if it does not contain fire and emergency volumes."

y) Clause 9.22: “The designs of valve chambers in tanks should not be rigidly connected to the design of the tanks.”

f) Clause 9.23: “Water towers may be designed with a tent around the tank or without a tent, depending on the operating mode of the tower, the volume of the tank, climatic conditions and the temperature of the water in the water supply source.”

x) Clause 9.24: “The trunk of a water tower may be used to accommodate industrial premises of the water supply system, excluding the formation of dust, smoke and gas emissions.”

v) Clause 9.25: “When rigidly sealing pipes in the bottom of a water tower tank, compensators must be provided on the pipeline risers.”

In accordance with the requirements of clause 61 When installing, repairing and maintaining fire safety equipment for buildings and structures, design decisions, requirements of regulatory documents on fire safety and (or) special technical conditions must be observed. As-built documentation for installations and fire protection systems of the facility must be stored at the facility.

Internal fire water supply (IFP) is a set of pipelines and technical means that provide water supply to fire hydrants.

A fire valve (FV) is a set consisting of a valve installed on the internal fire water supply and equipped with a fire connection head, as well as a fire hose with a manual fire nozzle.

Fire hydrants and means for ensuring their use are primary fire extinguishing equipment and are intended for use by employees of organizations, personnel of fire departments and other persons to fight fires.

Fire valves of the internal fire water supply are located in fire cabinets and are equipped with a fire hose and a fire nozzle.

Complete set of fire hydrant for internal fire water supply system

Currently, in the Russian Federation, the main requirements for the design, installation and operation of ERW are imposed by the following regulations:

For residential and public buildings, as well as administrative buildings of industrial enterprises, the need to install an internal fire-fighting water supply system, as well as the minimum water consumption for fire extinguishing, is determined in accordance with.

Internal fire hydrants are installed mainly at entrances, on the landings of heated staircases, except for smoke-free staircases, as well as in lobbies, corridors, passages and other most accessible places. The location of fire hydrants should not interfere with the evacuation of people.
In case of insufficient water pressure in the internal fire-fighting water supply system, provision is made for the installation of fire pumping units. Pumping units can be started manually remotely from buttons (manual call points) installed in fire hydrant cabinets or near them. When automatically starting fire pumps, installation of buttons (manual call points) in fire hydrant cabinets is not required.
If the water metering unit of the building does not provide the required water flow for fire extinguishing purposes, then a water meter bypass line is provided at the water supply inlet. An electrified valve is installed on the bypass line, which opens from a signal from the ERW control equipment simultaneously with the signal from the automatic or remote start of fire pumps. An electrified gate valve may consist of a butterfly valve for an electric drive (for example: GRANVEL ZPVS-FL-3-050-MN-E) and an electric drive (for example: AUMA SG04.3)

The control equipment for the internal fire water supply system provides automatic, local and remote start of pumps; automatic activation of electric drives of shut-off valves; automatic control of emergency level in the tank, in the drainage pit. Example of ERW control devices: Sprut-2, Potok-3N.

When fire pumps are automatically and remotely switched on, a light and sound signal is simultaneously sent to the fire station room or another room with 24-hour presence of service personnel.

Internal fire water supply (IFP) is a complex system of pipelines and auxiliary elements installed to supply water to fire valves, primary fire extinguishing devices, fire shutoffs of dry pipes and stationary fire monitors.

ERW ensures fire safety inside public buildings. In accordance with regulatory requirements, ERW must either be installed mandatory or not installed at all.

Structure of ERW design documentation

The ERW design documentation includes the following sections:

1. Explanatory note with a list of equipment used, its characteristics, and a description of the mechanism of action of the ERW system.
2. Plans of each floor of the facility, showing the placement of equipment, fire cabinets and distribution of the pipeline network.
3. Hydraulic calculation of the ERW system, which determines the water flow and pressure at the outlet of fire hydrants.
4. Axonometric diagram of pipeline layout.
5. Pumping station plan.
6. Electrical diagram for connecting devices.
7. Specification of equipment and materials.

Also, the ERW design documentation includes methods for checking and testing ERW during service maintenance, technical regulations, and calculation of the number of maintenance personnel.

Design stages

Fireproof internal water supply can be of two types:

• a multifunctional system connected to a domestic water supply and designed to satisfy domestic needs and extinguish a fire if necessary;
• an independent complex of pipelines and technical means, which is installed throughout the entire area of ​​the building and operates automatically.

In order for ERW equipment to operate efficiently, during design it is necessary to pay special attention to the central stages:

• Determining the number of jets produced and the flow of water in them. This takes into account the fact that each point in the room must receive at least two jets from adjacent risers. Therefore, after calculating the number of jets, the number of fire risers and their placement points are determined.
• Design of pipeline network layout. In buildings with five or more floors, equipped with fire-fighting water supply systems, a two-way water supply must be provided. Therefore, risers and taps with water intake risers are looped. Autonomous ERW systems, if appropriate conditions exist, are connected in an emergency by jumpers to other water supply systems.

Development of an ERW project, preparation of drawings and calculations is a labor-intensive process with many nuances and difficulties, which only a professional designer can perform.

Requirements for designing ERW

The internal fire water supply must ensure automatic activation of pumps when the fire hydrant is opened and manual control of the control center or pumping station, as well as from manual fire call points mounted inside fire cabinets.

The method of supplying water to the water supply system, the number of inlets into the building, water flow and the number of fire hydrants are established taking into account the architectural and planning features of the facility.

In an ERW combined with a drinking water system, pipes, fittings, materials and coatings must have a sanitary and epidemiological certificate, and the water quality must meet hygienic standards.

Water consumption and the number of fire hydrants simultaneously used to extinguish a fire depend on the type and purpose of the building, number of floors, fire hazard category, degree of fire resistance and structural hazard class.

Electrical parts and pipelines of ERV must be grounded in accordance with GOST 21130 and PUE. If technological installations with a voltage of more than 0.38 kW are located in the coverage area of ​​fire cabinets, then manual fire nozzles are also grounded.

The list of legislative requirements for the design of ERW is regulated by the joint venture “Fire Protection Systems. ERW."