Ventilation
Sample application for installation of cable lines over the air. Construction work project

Sample application for installation of cable lines over the air. Construction work project

Here you can see examples of work projects

PPRk (Crane Work Project)

The installation and safe operation of three tower cranes during the construction of a series of monolithic residential buildings is considered. Due to cramped conditions, the cranes operate with a limited service area.

Stationary tower cranes of the Jaso J110N and Jaso J140N brands erect structures of a 19-story building from elevation 0.000 to elevation. +63.000. The cranes are mounted on foundation supports with a slab elevation of -2.200, with tower anchorage.

The maximum load lifted by cranes at a reach of 2.5-15 m is 5 tons, at a reach of 15-40 m - 2.5 tons.

Tower cranes are used at all stages of construction of the underground and above-ground parts of the building, namely:

for unloading from vehicles and storing materials and products as they arrive at the construction site
for supplying packs of reinforcement, reinforced mesh and formwork, as well as for supplying concrete in buckets during the construction of monolithic structures
for supplying small-piece materials and mortar to the installation horizon
for supplying and removing construction equipment, equipment, consumables, etc. from the building.

Project scope: Explanatory note A4 - 35 sheets, drawings A1 - 5 sheets

This is an example of a work permit for the excavation of a pit under the protection of a sheet piling fence. Excavation is carried out in 3 stages.

Stage 1. Work at the level of 135.50÷134.60 is carried out by a Hitachi ZX 200 excavator with a bucket capacity of 0.8 m3 (maximum digging radius - 9.75 m, maximum digging depth - 6.49 m) equipped with a backhoe bucket with loading of soil into dump trucks. With a lag of 4 meters from the operation of the Hitachi ZX 200 excavator, the installation of the strapping belt (1 I-beam N45 B2) is carried out. Installation is carried out using a truck crane according to a separately developed design and maintenance plan.
Stage 2. Work at level 132.50 is carried out with a Hitachi ZX 200 excavator. At this level, a pit is developed to a design depth of 127.84÷127.84 m, by excavating and moving the soil into a dump truck. With a lag of 4 meters from the operation of the ZX 200 excavator, a spacer structure is made, consisting of a strapping belt (2 I-beams N45 B2), spacers made of pipes 426x10mm in axes 1÷10 and struts, as well as pipes 630x12mm in axes 11÷16. Installation is carried out using a truck crane according to a separately developed design and maintenance plan.
Stage 3. Excavation of slopes is carried out by developing and moving soil with a Bobcat S330 excavator into the work area of a Hitachi ZX 225 grab. The grab brings the developed soil to the surface and loads it into a dump truck. The Bobcat S330 excavator is released from the pit upon completion of the work by a truck crane according to a separately developed work permit.

At the last stage, the berm soil is excavated under the installed jibs of the sheet pile fencing of the pit using a mini excavator.

Project scope: Explanatory note A4 - 28 sheets, drawings A1 - 5 sheets

Project for the installation of a water pipeline using the auger method

Laying a water pipeline in a case constructed using a closed auger tunneling method. The excavation of a rectangular working pit and a round receiving shaft is also being considered.

Work on laying pipes using auger tunneling is carried out in several stages:

1st stage. Pushing the pilot line, consisting of rods and a pilot head, to the length of the interval from the starting pit to the receiving pit. The exact direction of the route is ensured by a system for monitoring the position of the pilot head, information about the position of which is displayed on the monitor screen suspended in the launch shaft.
2nd stage. Punching of casing steel pipes and expander mounted in the starting pit on the last rod of the pilot line within the length of the entire interval between the pits. Pushing out working pipes from the starting pit with simultaneous removal of the squeezed out casing steel pipes in the receiving pit. The casing pipes are being pressed with a drilling head at the head of the pipe string, which serves to develop soil in the face; soil is transported from the face to the bucket in the starting pit by a screw conveyor.
3rd stage. Pushing working pipes with a diameter less than or equal to the diameter of the casing pipes, with simultaneous pushing of the casing pipes and screw conveyor links into the receiving pit and their disassembly. When the diameter of the working pipes is less than the diameter of the casing, the construction gap (space) formed between the working pipeline and the inner surface of the excavation must be filled with cement mortar.

Project scope: Explanatory note A4 - 25 sheets, drawings A1 - 4 sheets

PPR for installation of sheet piling and bored piles

An example of a PPR for the installation of sheet piling fencing for a pit in the security zone of a power transmission line (power line). Making bored piles: drilling a well with augers, installing the reinforced frame of the pile with a drilling rig, filling the pile with concrete mixture using the bottom-up method.

Drilling of bored piles Ø620 mm is carried out using a Hitachi-based drilling rig

Drilling of each well should begin after an instrumental check of the grades of the planned surface of the earth and the position of the contour axes on the site.

Concreting of piles is carried out by supplying concrete mixture into the well through hollow augers.

As concrete is fed into the well, the auger sections are lifted and dismantled, and the level of concrete in the well must be at least 1 m higher than the bottom of the auger. The distance between the bottom of the well and the lower end of the auger when concreting begins should not exceed 30 cm.

Project scope: Explanatory note A4 - 20 sheets, drawings A1 - 6 sheets

Project for the installation of scaffolding

Example of a project plan for installing scaffolding on the facade of a building under construction

Rack-mounted attached clamp scaffolding is a spatial frame-tier system mounted from tubular elements: racks, crossbars, longitudinal and diagonal braces, which are connected to each other using node connections - clamps.

The scaffolding is fastened to the wall using anchors placed in holes punched in the walls with a diameter of 14 mm.

Scaffolding must be attached to the wall of the building under construction. Fastening is carried out through at least one tier for fastening racks, through two spans for the upper tier and one fastening for every 50 sq.m of projection of the scaffolding surface onto the building facade.

Project scope: Explanatory note A4 - 38 sheets, drawings A1 - 4 sheets

On what basis are you required to have a PPR? List of normative documents.

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INTRODUCTION

1. REGULATORY AND TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION

2. MATERIAL AND TECHNICAL RESOURCES

2.1 Construction needs for mechanization, technological equipment, tools and devices

2.2 Construction needs for personnel

3. ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF WORK

3.1 General preparatory work

3.2 Carrying out basic work

4. BASIC REQUIREMENTS FOR QUALITY AND ACCEPTANCE OF WORK

4.1 General provisions

4.2 Quality control of pipeline laying works

4.3 Requirements for the quality of excavation work for trench development

4.4 Requirements for the quality of reinforcement work

4.5 Requirements for the quality of formwork work

4.6 Requirements for laying concrete mixture

4.7 Requirements for quality and acceptance of concrete work

5. BASIC REQUIREMENTS FOR OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND INDUSTRIAL SAFETY

5.1 General requirements for labor protection and industrial safety

5.2 Requirements for operating personnel

5.3 Safety requirements when working with lifting mechanisms (cranes)

5.4 Safety requirements while the slinger is working

5.5 Safety requirements when operating an excavator

5.6 Safety requirements for excavation work

5.7 Loading and unloading operations

5.8 Welding work

5.9 Safety requirements when working with pneumatic and electric tools

5.10 Safety requirements for hot work

5.11 Electrical safety on the construction site

6. FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES

7. INDUSTRIAL SANITATION

8. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

APPLICATIONS

INTRODUCTION

This work project applies to the relaying of the pipeline falling within the area of construction site No. 6.2 on the section from the Tereshkovo station to the Novoperedelkino station.

Place of work: construction site No. 6.2

This PPR includes the following works:

1. Preparatory work;

2. Layout of the route of the designed pipeline;

3. Installation of sheet piling (759m2);

4. Development of trenches, wells and chambers for laying the pipeline (987.05 m3); construction pipeline personnel

5. Refinement of soil manually (51.95 m3);

6. Construction of wells and chambers (3 pcs - AVK valves Ш300-24 pcs; AVK fire hydrant - 3 pcs);

7. Laying and installation of the pipeline (working VChShG Sh300 - 164 m; steel casing Sh600 - 15 m);

8. Backfilling of trenches (831.2 m3);

The basis for developing the PPR is:

Subcontract agreement

Initial data for development:

Project documentation - set of drawings 13-4010-P-6E-V

Technical task.

The contractor performing work on relaying the external water supply at the site: Development of sites for the construction of metro facilities (removal of utilities). Kalininsko-Solntsevskaya line, Ramenki station, Novoperedelkino station. Construction site No. 6.2 is Progress LLC, with the involvement, if necessary, of specialized organizations to perform non-core work.

The approval of the subcontractor is carried out by written agreement with the station management.

The designed external water supply pipeline should be laid in a trench at a depth in accordance with the longitudinal profile.

Trenches are developed without slopes (with vertical walls) with the installation of sheet piling walls. Trenches with slopes are developed, if necessary, in areas determined by location.

Work must be carried out in accordance with the work permit.

When carrying out excavation work to develop trenches and pits, workers may be exposed to the following dangerous and harmful production factors:

Moving machines and mechanisms; moving parts of production equipment; moving products, workpieces, materials;

Sharp edges, burrs and roughness on the surfaces of workpieces, tools and equipment;

Increased dust and gas contamination of the air in the working area;

Increased noise level in the workplace;

The location of the workplace at a significant height relative to the surface of the earth (floor).

Progress LLC has the appropriate licenses to carry out the work specified in this project.

1. REGULATORY AND TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION

The PPR was carried out in accordance with the requirements of regulatory and technical documents, current laws of the Russian Federation, norms and rules, which, if observed, ensure the safe execution of work at this facility.

This PPR complies with the initial data for development, technical specifications and requirements for design and construction.

List of regulatory and technical documents used in the development of the PPR

SP 48.13330.2011	Updated version of SNiP 12-01-2004 "Organization construction".
SNiP 12-03-2001	Part 1. General requirements.
SNiP 12-04-2002	Occupational safety in construction. Part 2. Construction production.
SNiP 3.04.01-87	Insulating and finishing coatings
SP 12-136-2002	Occupational health and safety solutions in construction organization projects and projects production of work.
Resolution No. 390	"About the fire safety regime." Fire regulations regime in the Russian Federation.
MDS 12-81.2007	construction organization project and production project
GOST 23407-78	Inventory fencing for construction sites and sites production of construction and installation works. Technical
GOST 25573-82	Cargo rope slings for construction. Technical conditions.
GOST R 12.4.026-2001 SSBT	Signal colors, safety signs and signal markings. Purpose and rules of use. General technical requirements and characteristics. Test methods.
GOST 12.3.009-76 SSBT	Loading and unloading works. General requirements Security.
SO 153-34.03.204. (RD	Safety rules when working with tools and Devices.
VPPB 01-02-95 (RD	Fire safety rules for energy enterprises.
SO 153-34.03.305-2003	Instructions on fire safety measures during hot work at energy enterprises.
POT R M-007-98	Interindustry rules on labor protection during loading and unloading and cargo placement.
	Safety rules for hazardous production facilities, at which lifting structures are used
	General purpose cargo slings. Device requirements and safe operation (with Changes No. 1)
	Standard instructions for slingers on safe carrying out work using lifting machines.
	carrying out work using lifting machines and technological maps of loading and unloading operations.
	Technical regulations for operational quality control construction, installation and special works during construction buildings and structures. Excavation works.
SP 2.2.1.1312-03	Hygienic requirements for the design of newly built and reconstructed industrial enterprises
SP 2.2.2.1327-03	Hygienic requirements for the organization of technological processes, production equipment and workers instrument.
SanPiN 2.2.3.1384-03	Hygienic requirements for the organization of construction production and construction work.
SNiP 3.01.03-84 (SP 126.13330.2012)	Geodetic work in construction.
POTRRM-016-2001 (RD 153-	Intersectoral rules on labor protection (safety rules) when operating electrical installations.
PUE ed. 7	Rules for electrical installations
	Rules for certification of welders and welding specialists production;
	Standard instructions for engineering and technical workers on supervision of the safe operation of lifting machines.
	Occupational Safety and Health. Organizational and methodological documents.
GOST 12.3.003-86*	Electric welding works. Safety requirements.
	Rules for working with personnel in organizations electric power industry of the Russian Federation, approved. Ministry of Energy of Russia, Order from 02/19/2000 No. 49
Resolution No. 113	Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 113 of February 17, 2014 “On amendments to the Fire Regulations
SP 8.13130.2009	Fire protection systems. Sources of external fire-fighting water supply. Fire department requirements security.

2 . MATERIAL AND TECHNICAL RESOURCES

2 .1 Construction needs for mechanization and technologicalequipment, tools and accessories

Table 1 - List of machines and mechanisms

Name	Designation (type, brand)	Qty	Note
Dump truck	KAMAZ-55111		Allowed usage another excavator with similar characteristics
Excavator-crawler	bucket - 1.5 m3
Backhoe loader
Vehicle with crane- manipulator	with tap- manipulator
concrete mixer truck	Kamaz 581470

Table 2 - List of main equipment and accessories*

Name	Designation (type, brand, GOST)	Unit change	Quantity	Application
Vibratory rammer	Atlas Copco LT5004			Excavation
Hydraulic hammer				Disassembly asphalt coatings
				For slinging
Hemp rope d=13mm	GOST 30055-93
Welding rectifier				Welding work
Ballast rheostat				Welding work
Welding cable				Welding work
Sling USK1-1.0/3800				For slinging
Grinder Shdiska-180 mm				Installation work
Grinder Shdiska-230 mm				Installation work
Centralizer				Welding work
Centralizer				Welding work
Funnel for receiving concrete	OGT 95-402.45			Concrete works
Vibrator				For sealing Concrete mix
Steel I-beam No. 30	GOST 8239-89			Sheet piling fencing
Pipe Ш219х8	GOST 8732-78			Sheet piling fencing
Metal corner. 50x50x5	GOST 8509-93			Sheet piling fencing
Mounted excavator vibrator				Sheet piling fencing

*The quantity and type of materials, equipment and accessories are specified during the actual work.

*It is possible to use equipment of other brands and models with similar characteristics.

Table 3 - List of tools, equipment and accessories

Name	Designation (type, brand, GOST)	Quantity	Application
Bayonet shovel	GOST 19596-87		Earthen
Shovel	GOST 19596-87		Earthen
Level with staff	GOST 10528-90		Geodetic
Theodolite	GOST 10529-96		Geodetic
Construction plumb line with cord			Geodetic
Geodetic pole (visor)			Geodetic
Assembly ladder			For descent and rise in
Mounting crowbar			Assembly
			Assembly
			Assembly
Trolley (stretcher, wheelbarrow)			Earthen
Tape measure 10 m			Control measuring
Paint injection tank			Shield lubrication formwork
Spray gun manual pneumatic			Shield lubrication formwork
Twirler			Reinforcement
Universal drill			Drilling holes
Electrode holder	GOST 14651-78		Welding
Assembly crowbar LM-24	GOST 1405-83		Straightening elements
Bench chisel	GOST 1211-86*E		Cleaning places
Bench hammer	GOST 2310-77*E		Cleaning places
Steel hammer building			Tapping
	KB GOST 9533-81		Leveling solution
Blacksmith's sledgehammer blunt-nosed	GOST 11406-90		Hemming reinforcing rods
Mortar spatula	LR GOST 19596-87		Solution supply
Metal brush	TU 494-01-04-76		Cleaning fittings from rust
Metal scraper			Cleaning the formwork from concrete
Wrenches	GOST 2838-80E		Formwork
Cutting scissors fittings	GOST 7210-75E		Reinforcement
Pliers combined	R-200 GOST 5547-		Reinforcement
End cutters	GOST 28037-89E		Reinforcement
File A-400	GOST 1465-80		Reinforcement
Construction level US1-300	GOST 941 6-83		Control measuring
Tape measure 80 m (laser rangefinder)			Control measuring
Set of occupational safety signs	GOST R 12.4.026-		Occupational Safety and Health
Fire extinguisher			Fire department safety
Waste container 1 m3
Portable construction (inventory) fencing			Temporary fencing of zones carrying out construction and installation works
Safety tape			Temporary fencing of zones carrying out construction and installation works

Table 4 - PPE sheet*

Name of personal protective equipment	Brand, GOST	Quantity	Purpose
Safety glasses	ZP2-84 GOST R 12.4.230.1-2007
Construction helmet with chin strap	GOST 12.4.087-84
Gloves	GOST 12.4.252-2013 SSBT
Safety shoes	GOST 12.4.162-85
Cotton suit	GOST 27575-87
Welder suit	GOST R ISO 11611-2011 SSBT

*The quantity of PPE is determined based on the needs of working personnel and engineering personnel.

2 .2 Construction needs for personnel

The need for construction workers is determined based on the labor intensity standards for the construction of the facility and the volume of construction and installation works, taking into account the output per worker, including workers in service farms. We accept categories of workers according to the ratio given in the calculation.

Table 5 - Calculation of construction needs in categories of workers

Table 6 - Human resource requirements

№ p/p	Job titleprofession	Unitchange	Qty	Note


	Slinger
	Electric and gas welder
	Digger
	Installer
	Concrete worker
	Surveyor
	Truck crane operator
	Dump truck driver
	Excavator driver

3. ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF WORK PRODUCTION

3.1 General preparatory work

During the preparatory period, all documentation necessary for the upcoming construction work is completed and received at the construction site.

Before starting a set of works on relaying the external water supply:

The contractor, together with the head of the power plant department, draws up a work permit in 2 copies in the form of Appendix D of SNiP 12-03-2001. The work permit specifies the place, performers and time of work: organizational and technical measures for the safe performance of work, preparation of the workplace, determines the responsibility of the contractor's and customer's personnel for the implementation of specific measures to ensure safety during admission to work and their subsequent implementation;

The contracting organization, together with the work permit, provides the head of the unit and then the head of the power plant for approval of the PPR;

The contracting organization, together with the work permit, provides the head of the power plant with a letter containing lists of workers who have the right to issue work orders, to be work managers (responsible managers), work producers (responsible executors), team members indicating last names and initials, positions, ranks and groups according to electrical safety, and also provide a copy of the administrative document on the appointment of persons responsible for the timely transmission of information about accidents with employees of the contractor;

The contracting organization provides the power plant manager with lists of certified slingers and persons responsible for the safe performance of substation work, indicating the certificate number;

The occupational safety specialist conducts an introductory briefing on occupational safety, the head of the department conducts an initial on-the-job briefing to the contractor's production personnel included in the list and having qualification certificates, knowledge testing certificates confirming training and admission to work in this profession, timely passing of PUE exams, PTE, labor protection and industrial safety;

Contractor personnel undergo induction training on fire safety.

The person who issued the permit is obliged to monitor the implementation of the measures provided for in it to ensure the safety of work.

Preparatory work is carried out in order to ensure appropriate conditions for carrying out production operations for pipeline installation, providing the technological process with the necessary equipment, energy resources and

materials.

Before the start of the main work period, the following activities must be completed:

In accordance with the established procedure, conduct targeted briefing of personnel involved in the work before starting work;

Work permits for performing high-risk work have been issued;

The working personnel and engineers of the organization were familiarized with the working drawings, design and development drawings for signature;

The necessary construction materials were delivered and incoming inspection of construction materials and equipment was carried out;

The necessary equipment and mechanisms, fixtures, equipment and hand tools in full were assembled and delivered to the site;

Garbage storage locations and removal have been agreed upon;

The storage and placement of imported materials, equipment and machinery, the location of fire stations, fire equipment, electric welding equipment for welding work, smoking areas, etc. have been agreed upon with the relevant station services;

The work site must be marked with appropriate safety signs;

Dangerous areas are designated (post posters, safety signs);

The serviceability of the tools and devices used is checked;

Temporary fencing has been installed at work sites;

Storage areas for materials and structures have been equipped;

Signal tape fencing and safety signs for work sites were installed in accordance with GOST R 12.4.026-2001 SSBT, GOST 23407-78;

At night, signal lighting (red marker lights, illuminated road signs) must be on on the fence.

The drainage of surface and groundwater is ensured using temporary or permanent devices;

The territory has been cleared (uprooting, leveling, trenching, demolition or transfer of structures and communications that impede the work);

Temporary roads and access roads to the construction site were installed;

Before starting construction and installation work, it is necessary to clear the work area. Clearing the site for construction and installation work involves clearing debris, snow, ice and leveling the area. Places where installation work is performed must be fenced off to prevent access by unauthorized persons. The design of fencing must meet the requirements of GOST 23407-78. Install warning lights on the fence (voltage no more than 42V). In this PPR, inventory sectional fencing PO-1 is used for fencing.

Install fire shields with fire extinguishing equipment and sand boxes on the site.

Provide temporary power supply to the construction site. The connection point for electrical equipment is indicated and agreed upon by the relevant station service. Electrical safety on a construction site must comply with the requirements of SNiP 12-03-2001.

Delivery of building materials, structures, products and technological equipment is provided via access roads. Construction and installation work must be carried out by workers who have undergone special training, studied safety regulations and received appropriate instructions before starting work.

Before starting construction and installation work, the manager and the work contractors must check the implementation of the safety measures specified in the work permit together with representatives of the station. After completing the preparatory work, issue a certificate of readiness of the construction site for construction and obtain permission from the customer to carry out construction and installation work in accordance with the requirement of SNiP 12-03-2001 “Occupational Safety in Construction”.

3 .2 Carrying out basic work

When installing an external water supply system, work should be carried out in the following technological sequence:

Preparatory work

Layout of the route of the projected pipelines on the ground:

The route is laid out in compliance with the following requirements:

Temporary benchmarks should be installed along the route, connected by leveling moves to permanent benchmarks;

The intersection of the route with existing underground structures must be marked on the surface of the earth with special marks;

The layout of the route must be documented in an act with a list of benchmarks, turning angles and reference points attached.

When carrying out excavation work, it is necessary to ensure the safety of all alignment and geodetic signs.

Sanding:

Perform trenching to determine intersections with existing communications. The pits should have a length of 1 m along the axis of the future trench. The depth of the pits, if the searched cable lines are not detected, should exceed the depth of the trench by 0.2 m. Testing must be carried out in the presence of a representative of the organization operating this cable network.

When crossing trenches with existing underground utilities, mechanized soil development is permitted at a distance of no closer than 2 m from the side wall and no less than 1 m above the top of the pipe, cable, etc.

If active underground communications and other structures are discovered, do not indicated in the existing design documentation, excavation work is necessary suspend, call to the place representatives of organizations operating these structures, simultaneously fence off the indicated places and take other necessary measures to protect detected underground devices from damage.

Sheet piling installation:

To secure the slopes of pits and trenches, install a sheet piling fence. Fasten the walls of the pit using frame fastening. The walls of the trenches are fastened with screw fastening using steel pipes Ш219х8, fastened with a belt of I-beams for welding. Install wooden boards between clogged pipes. Upon completion of the pipeline laying and installation work, dismantle the sheet piling fencing of the pits and trenches.

Dismantling of asphalt and concrete pavements:

When pipelines pass under existing roads with hard asphalt concrete pavement, it is necessary to temporarily dismantle it. Destruction (destructuring) and dismantling of 250 mm thick concrete and asphalt road surfaces for driveways is carried out using a JCB 3CX excavator using a replaceable

hydraulic hammer JCB HM165Q. The roadway is broken into fragments of at least 50 cm in size within the boundaries of the trench being developed. Pieces of the dismantled coating are loaded into a KAMAZ-55111 dump truck and taken away for further processing or disposal.

When carrying out excavation work to develop pits, it is necessary to be guided by the requirements of SNiP 3.02.01-87. Upon completion of excavation work, it is necessary to conduct a survey.

The exposed base is subject to acceptance under a hidden work report with the participation of the Customer’s supervision.

The inspection and acceptance certificate of the pit is drawn up indicating its dimensions in plan, profile and absolute bottom elevations and attaching an as-built diagram and a laboratory report.

When carrying out excavation work, install temporary and signal tape fencing, as well as safety signs along the perimeter in accordance with GOST R 12.4.026-2001 SSBT, GOST 23407-78.

Trench development: Before starting trench development work, the following preparatory work must be completed:

Temporary benchmarks were installed along the route, connected by leveling moves to permanent benchmarks;

The axes of the trench and its walls, the boundaries of the soil dump were laid out;

Existing communications crossing the trench or passing in close proximity are marked on the ground;

The alignment axes and rotation angles of the route are fixed and tied to permanent objects on the ground (buildings, structures, trees);

Road surfaces were opened (if necessary);

A trench layout document was drawn up with a list of benchmarks and references attached;

Permission to carry out excavation work has been obtained;

A work permit was received to perform work in existing electrical installations;

The personnel were familiarized with the working drawings and PPR;

The necessary mechanisms, devices and equipment were assembled and delivered to the site.

The development of trenches for laying the projected pipelines is carried out using a Hitachi ZX230 single-bucket crawler excavator with a backhoe attachment with a bucket capacity of 1.5 m3, as well as a JCB 3CX backhoe loader (intersections with existing high-voltage cable lines are made using the auger boring method). Part of the developed soil (determined separately) is loaded by an excavator onto the side of a KAMAZ-55111 dump truck and transported to a landfill for further disposal (transportation routes are indicated by the responsible employees of the station and agreed upon by the customer’s management).

It is necessary to “Manually” excavate soil in a trench at the intersection of existing communications. Soil development (only by hand) at intersections with existing networks should be carried out in 2 stages. First, carry out development to the network mark. Existing electrical and communication cables crossing the pit should be enclosed in pre-prepared wooden boxes and suspended from I-beam purlins using 6-16 mm wide ties. The boxes are made from boards connected by beams every 1.5 m. The lower part of the box (pallet) is knocked down and placed under the cables with special care. Place the upper part of the box (removable) on the side bars of the pallet and fasten it with wire every 1.5 m (it is prohibited to nail the box together on the cables). Only after the existing network has been suspended can the final development of the trench to the design level begin. The soil remaining after backfilling the trenches on the site is removed by wheelbarrows, followed by loading into a dump truck with a JCB excavator. Construction of transition bridges with a width of at least 0.6 m with railings 1.1 m high across the trench, installation of stairs for descending into the trench, completion of the soil and manual cleaning of the bottom of the trench with the installation of an artificial foundation in accordance with the requirements of the project with the release of soil into a dump along the edge trenches with subsequent loading onto the side of a KAMAZ-55111 vehicle.

When crossing trenches with existing underground utilities, mechanized soil excavation is permitted at a distance of no closer than 2 m from the side wall and no less than 1 m above the top of a pipe, cable, etc. Work in the immediate vicinity of the Switching Chamber building must be carried out only manually.

When performing work in trenches, place temporary and warning tape fencing, as well as safety signs along the perimeter of the trench (along the edge) in accordance with GOST R 12.4.026-2001 SSBT, GOST 23407-78.

When excavating with an excavator, the bottom of the trench should be reduced to a thickness of 100 mm. Cleaning the bottom of the trench (shortage) is carried out “manually” by working excavators using bayonet and shovel shovels. Cleaning the bottom of the pits is carried out by cutting off the shortfall manually and throwing the soil onto the upper edge of the pit. The cutting thickness of the soil shortage is determined by the running sight and the sights on the edge of the trench. The bottom of the trench after digging must be leveled. By the time the pipes are laid, the bottom of the trench must be cleared of stones and construction debris and leveled in accordance with the design. If ice has formed in the trench or it is covered with snow, the trench must be cleaned before laying pipes and trays. For the trench development diagram, see drawing - Progress.02.2015.01.6.2-B PPR. Depending on the depth of the trench, types of soil, and ground conditions, trenches are constructed either with natural slopes or using certain methods of their fastening. In view of the possibility of soil freezing to the full (design) depth of trench development in winter, the bearing capacity of the soil increases significantly, which makes it possible to develop trenches for the designed pipelines without slopes and without the use of fasteners. Trenches are developed without slopes (with vertical walls) with the installation, if necessary, of inventory wooden fastenings for the trench walls. After laying and installing the pipeline, the trench is finally filled with sandy soil in layers, followed by compaction. In places where trenches intersect with existing roads and concrete pavements, it is necessary to backfill the trenches to their entire height up to the restored concrete pavement of the road with sand, compacted layer by layer, to prevent “subsidence” of the concrete road pavement. When backfilling trenches, it is necessary to ensure the safety of the laid pipes and prevent movement.

When carrying out work, measures to preserve existing structures and communications, and the conditions prescribed by operating organizations, must be strictly observed.

Installation of prefabricated chambers and wells from reinforced concrete slabs into a trench is carried out using a crane. Slinging is carried out (with appropriate load capacity) using existing loops.

Installation of chambers and wells is carried out using the “wheels” method. Separate storage areas are not provided (storage may be carried out by laying out along the edge of the trench).

Camera device:

Concrete preparation device h=100mm made of B7.5 concrete. Use a 25mm board as formwork for concrete preparation. The preparation should extend beyond the edge of the sole by 100mm.

Reinforcement and installation of embedded parts should be carried out according to the project: - 13-4010-P-6E-V. For rods Ø 16mm, overlapping reinforcement joints are adopted according to SP 52-101-2003.

Harvesting and processing of reinforcement must be carried out in specially designated and appropriately equipped places.

When performing work on the preparation of reinforcement, it is necessary:

Protect the workplace when processing reinforcement bars;

Place the prepared reinforcement in specially designated places;

Cover the end parts of the reinforcement bars with shields in places of passages less than 1 m wide.

Reinforcing steel (bar, wire) and rolled products, reinforcing products and embedded elements must comply with the design and the requirements of the relevant standards.

The production of spatial large-sized reinforcement products should be carried out in assembly jigs.

Preparation (cutting, welding, formation of anchor devices), installation and tension of prestressing reinforcement should be carried out according to the project in accordance with SNiP 3.09.01-85.

Non-welding connections of rods should be made:

Cross-shaped - with viscous annealed wire. The use of special connecting elements (plastic and wire fasteners) is allowed.

Cross-shaped welded joints should be carried out according to the design in accordance with GOST 14098-85.

The reinforcement of the foundations is carried out by a team of three people.

The joining of individual rods is carried out with an overlap using twists or clamps (developed by TsNIIOMTP), and partially by welding according to the design.

Reinforcement work is carried out in the following order:

Install the lower mesh onto the clamps, providing a protective layer of concrete according to the design;

Reinforced frames are laid;

Install the upper meshes on the frames;

Lay individual reinforcing bars;

Install longitudinal reinforcement, tie it at intersections with tying wire in accordance with GOST 3282-74, place clamp locks staggered.

Before installing the formwork, it is necessary to accept the installed reinforcement and issue a certificate of inspection of hidden work.

Non-welding wire connecting elements in the manufacture of reinforcement products are made of wire with a diameter of 1.6-1.8 mm and are intended for one- and two-way connections of intersections of reinforcement with a diameter of 5 to 32 mm.

Wire elements provide connection between reinforcement intersections due to their springy part.

The assembly of spatial supporting frames is carried out using arc welding in accordance with GOST 5264-80, with electrodes in accordance with GOST 9467-75. Manual electric arc welding is used for lap jointing of steel reinforcing bars of classes A-I, A-II, A-III with flat rolled elements; it is used if it is impossible to use resistance welding.

Welded spatial reinforcement frames are made by assembling by connecting flat reinforcement frames to each other by arc or spot welding.

Techniques for tying with wire the intersections of reinforcing bars

a- knitting with wire in bundles without pulling, b- knitting corner knots; c - double-row knot; g-cross knot; d-dead node; e - fastening of rods with a connecting element; 1,3-rods; 2-connecting element; I-type front, II - rear view.

Requirements for installation of fittings:

Transportation and storage of reinforcing steel should be carried out in accordance with GOST 7566-94*;

Reinforcing bars must be transported tied in bundles, embedded parts - in boxes. Reinforcement cages should be secured to vehicles using surface twists or braces;

Reinforcing bars received at the construction site should be laid on storage areas, sorted by grade, diameter, and length. The frames must lie on pads and pads in stacks within the crane's reach. The height of the stack should not exceed 1.5 m;

Spatial frames weighing up to 50 kg must be delivered to the installation site by crane in bundles and installed manually. Deliver individual rods to the installation site in bundles.

For wall structures, the use of reinforcement of classes A-240, A-400 in accordance with GOST 5781-82 is provided.

Reinforcement is provided by separate rods. Reinforcement joints up to Ш16 should be overlapped (without welding).

Knit the intersections of the reinforcement with tying wire.

Install embedded parts.

Installation of formwork

Installation of formwork should be carried out under the supervision of a geodetic service. Upon completion of installation, draw up an as-built diagram of the formwork. Fastening formwork panels on tie rods with vertical alignment of the panels using inventory struts.

Instructions for installing formwork

The formwork must be delivered to the construction site complete, suitable for installation and operation, without modifications or corrections;

The formwork elements received at the construction site are placed in the work area. All formwork elements must be stored in a position corresponding to transport, sorted by brand and standard size;__

Installation of formwork should begin from the inside. In this case, the shields are fixed with inventory struts and hinged consoles are installed on them.

The condition of the installed formwork must be continuously monitored during the concreting process. In case of unexpected deformations of individual formwork elements or unacceptable opening of cracks, additional fasteners should be installed and the deformed areas should be corrected;

Dismantling of formwork is permitted only after the concrete has reached the strength required in accordance with SNiP 3.03.01-87 “Load-bearing and enclosing structures” and with the permission of the construction laboratory. For horizontal structures, formwork elements that support the mass of concrete are stripped when the concrete reaches 70% of its design strength;

Cover the stripped surfaces with burlap;

After removing the formwork, it is necessary to: conduct a visual inspection of the formwork elements; clean all formwork elements from adhering concrete; lubricate the surface of the decks, check and apply lubricant to the screw connections;

Sort the formwork elements by brand.

Laying concrete along a chute using a concrete mixer truck.

Concrete is laid using a chute supplied from a concrete mixer truck.

The laying and compaction of concrete must be under the supervision of engineers at all times.

Before concreting, the concrete surfaces of the working joints must be cleaned of debris, dirt, oils, cement film, etc. The method of cleaning the concrete surface of the joints should be used depending on the strength of the concrete surfaces according to Table 2 of SNiP 3.03.01-87. Immediately before laying the concrete mixture, the cleaned surfaces must be washed with water and dried with air. After laying concrete, exposed surfaces of concrete structures must be protected with a polymer film. At an ambient temperature of 5° C and below, do not moisten the concrete.

The movement of people along concreted structures and the installation of formwork on overlying structures is allowed after the concrete reaches a strength of at least 15 kg/cm2.

Instructions for concreting:

Receiving concrete mixture

The composition of the concrete mixture, preparation, acceptance rules, control methods and transportation must comply with GOST 7473-94.

Supply and placement of concrete mixture

Concreting of structures is allowed after control acceptance of the reinforcement, all embedded parts, penetrations and holes, checking the correct installation and fastening of the formwork and drawing up a hidden work report. During the initial period of hardening, concrete must be protected from precipitation or moisture loss, for which its surface must be covered with plastic film.

Stripping of concrete and the movement of people on concreted structures is allowed after the concrete reaches a strength of at least 1.5 MPa. During the hardening period of concrete, it is necessary to provide care for it in accordance with building codes and regulations.

When installing formwork elements in several tiers, each subsequent tier should be installed only after the lower tier has been secured. The placement of equipment and materials on the formwork that are not provided for by the project, as well as the presence of people not directly involved in the work on the formwork flooring, is not allowed.

Movement of people on concreted structures and installation of formwork on overlying structures is allowed after the concrete reaches a strength of at least 1.5 MPa.

The formwork panels are dismantled after the concrete reaches 50% of its design strength.

Compaction of concrete mixture:

The concrete mixture should be compacted by vibrating using vibrators. The step of rearrangement of vibrators should not exceed 1.5 of their radius of action. The maximum thickness of the laid layer should not exceed 600 mm (1.25 times the length of the working part of the vibrator), and when the vibrator is located at an angle of up to 35°, the thickness of the layer should be equal to the vertical projection of its working part. The depth of immersion of the vibrator into the concrete mixture should ensure its deepening into the previously laid layer by 5-10 cm.

In places where reinforcement, embedded products or formwork prevent proper compaction of the concrete mixture by vibrators, it should be additionally compacted by bayoneting.

When compacting the concrete mixture, it is necessary to ensure that the vibrators do not come into contact with the reinforcement. It is not allowed to rest vibrators on reinforcement, embedded products, ties and other formwork fastening elements. The degree of vibration compaction is determined visually. The main signs of sufficient vibration compaction are: the cessation of settling of the concrete mixture, the appearance of laitance on its surface and the cessation of the release of air bubbles.

To obtain high-quality concrete, it is especially necessary to vibrate the concrete mixture in the corners of the formwork, in places where reinforcement is densely located, in places where penetrations and embeds are installed. During the concreting process, it is necessary to monitor the formwork. In the event of shifting or any faults in the fastening, work should be stopped and the formwork fastening should be brought into compliance.

Curing:

During the hardening period, concrete must be protected from moisture loss. Subsequently, maintain the temperature and humidity conditions to create conditions that ensure an increase in its strength.

Cover freshly laid concrete with geotextiles, polyethylene film and Penoplex s=20mm slabs. The slabs should be laid on top of wetted geotextiles. Concrete maintenance activities, their duration and frequency are noted in the concrete work log.

Dismantling of formwork

Cover the stripped surfaces with burlap.

Sort the formwork elements by brand.

Welding and installation work

The implementation of welding and installation work on the route is preceded by a set of organizational and technical measures and preparatory work:

Checking the availability of approved operational flow charts;

Appointment of persons responsible for the high-quality and safe production of welding and installation work (foreman or foreman, quality control inspector, foreman, non-destructive testing specialist);

Instructing team members on labor protection and safety with entries in the appropriate logs;

Carrying out certification of welders and certification of the welding technology used;

Device along the highway passage;

Preparation of the mounting strip for assembly and welding of pipe sections;

Placement of necessary machines, mechanisms, equipment and inventory in the work area. Provide connection points for lighting devices and power tools (from existing points, organize the acceptance and laying of delivered pipes (DN=273, DN=530) along the pipeline route (in the installation area). Unload the pipes with a crane-manipulator installed in the parking areas provided for production installation work.

What is a work production project?

In our articles, we have repeatedly introduced you to a variety of technical terms, concepts, and definitions that play a significant role in the field. Also, we have repeatedly emphasized that a properly organized (corresponding to SNiPs) must have a competently drawn up construction plan.

movements (abbreviated as POD);
construction (abbreviated);
production of work (abbreviated PPR).

Now we will discuss what a work project is and what role it plays in the process of building construction.

A work project (WPP) is documentation of an organizational, technical and technological nature, which contains both a set of measures and decisions on industrial safety, as well as the conditions for performing construction work in the current factors of the hazardous production process of construction, as well as hazardous production facilities.

The information contained in the work project (WPP) helps ensure:

employee safety during construction and installation work (CEM);
proper organization of the actual construction of the facility itself;
improving the quality of construction work performed.

Construction work within the framework of the PPR

In addition, the content of this document defines a list of technological rules and requirements for protection and. And also environmental safety.

Construction work is organized on the basis of the work execution plan (WPP). The volumes of necessary materials, equipment and resources are determined, deadlines are set for the completion of work, and possible risks are studied.

On a note! The development of a work project must be carried out taking into account the requirements and industrial safety.

Composition and content of the work project (WPP)

I would like to note that the composition and content of the work project (WPP) must necessarily comply with SNiP 12-01-2004 “Construction Organization”. Accordingly, the algorithm for developing a work execution project (WPP) includes documents such as:

work schedules or work schedule;
technological maps for specific types of work (for example, laying concrete mixture, etc.);
construction master plan (stroygenplan);
schedules for the provision and receipt of construction materials, products and equipment at the site;
lists of technological equipment and installation equipment;
schedules of movement of workers around the facility;
optimal solutions for geodetic work;
safety instructions;
explanatory note.

I would like to emphasize that the explanatory note is formed on the basis of the following data:

Informed decisions on various types of work, including those performed in winter.
Calculations of temporary engineering networks and communications.
A set of measures that ensures the complete safety of materials, products and structures, as well as equipment at the construction site.
A list of mobile structures with a calculation of the necessary needs and optimal conditions justifying their location on the construction site.
A set of measures that ensures the protection and protection of existing structures from damage, as well as a set of environmental measures.

Example of a work project

The main four basic positions of the work execution project (WPP)

Depending on the specific conditions, the process of creating a work project (WPP) may change and have a variety of options, but 4 documents definitely remain basic:

First document: work schedule

Of course, the key and fundamental document in construction is the work schedule. Competent and professional planning largely ensures the successful implementation of the entire project as a whole.

In short, we can state that the calendar plan defines a model of construction production, where the effective sequence is clearly and transparently shown, the order and timing of the complex of construction work at a given facility are established.

It's no secret that if the deadlines for completing a set of construction works are not met, the construction of the facility smoothly enters the stage of prolongation. And violation of the sequence of the technological process leads to the most tragic consequences.

Second document: construction master plan

The next most important document included in the work execution project (WPP) is the construction master plan or, for short, construction plan.

A well-prepared construction plan allows you to reduce organizational costs and material costs for organizing a construction site. It also allows you to create safe working conditions for builders. When developing a construction plan, specialists take into account a variety of methods and ways of organizing a construction site. In the future, this allows you to analyze and select the most rational and effective ones.

On a note! At its core, a construction plan is a construction site design that shows the optimal placement of objects under construction, prefabricated lifting structures and construction equipment and other construction facilities.

Subsidiary facilities include storage facilities for building materials, equipment and installations, and administrative and amenity complexes (ABC). As well as sanitary and hygienic premises, cultural buildings and so on.

All these buildings are intended for maximum necessary use during the construction process by firms or companies in the construction industry or energy supply. But situations often arise when such utility buildings are not available or their capacity is insufficient for the uninterrupted operation of the entire facility under construction.

In this case, temporary buildings and structures are formed.
Regulations on the composition of sections of the PPR

Third document: technological maps

No less important are technological maps. Their content is represented by the development of optimal methods and methods that justify the sequence of performing a specific type of work. In addition, they contain calculations of labor costs, determine the necessary resources and their needs, and also describe in detail the organization of labor.

Technological maps are presented as both graphic and text documents. They can be of three types:

standard maps without reference to specific objects;
standard maps with reference to standard objects;
individual cards linked to the corresponding project.

Fourth document: explanatory note

And the last important element of the work execution project (WPP) is the explanatory note, in which:

a set of measures on labor protection (OH) and safety (HS) is given;
the conditions and category of complexity of the construction of the facility are determined;
the presence and placement of warehouses, as well as temporary buildings and structures, is justified;
Calculations of technical and economic indicators and feasibility studies for the construction of the facility are provided.

Samples of work projects (WPP) in construction can be found on construction websites.
Sample explanatory note to the PPR

Documents defining design solutions for labor protection and industrial safety

When a work project is being developed, the basic or fundamental documents are:

“Rules for the design and lifting of cranes” - PB 10-382-00;
“Labor safety in construction. Part 1. General requirements" - SNiP 12-03-2001;
“Safety rules for the construction of underground structures” - PB 03-428-02;
“Labor safety in construction. Part 2. Construction production" - SNiP 12-04-2002;
“Fire safety rules in the Russian Federation” - PPB 01-93.

These standards are decisive in the process of making design decisions on labor protection and industrial safety.

Types of construction master plan

A construction master plan (construction plan) can be created both for a separate structure (object construction plan) and for the entire general territory (general site construction plan).

Object construction master plan

This plan is most often designed for each of the objects under construction using formalized design solutions for specific stages of work, that is:

preparatory period;
zero cycle;
stage of construction of the above-ground part of the facility, and so on.

An object construction plan, as a rule, is developed on the basis of a detailed calculation of lifting vehicles and equipment, as well as their reasonable and optimal location. In a word, the site construction plan is carried out in accordance with SNiP 3.01.01-85, and its graphic component consists of the same set of measures as for the general site construction plan.

On a note! The scale of the object construction plan is indicated in proportions of 1:500, 1:100 or 1:200.

Major repairs, drawings for pre-production work

General site construction master plan

In turn, a general site construction plan is developed for the entire territory of the construction site with the placement of all buildings and objects on it.

In addition, this type of construction plan includes not only a graphic component. But also an explanatory note, in which all the decisions made are presented in a substantiated manner or a set of measures for the facility under construction is described.

construction site layout;
operation plan for temporary buildings and structures, as well as permanent structures;
symbols;
plan elements;
feasibility studies (feasibility studies) and characteristics;
notes.

On a note! The scale of the general site construction plan is indicated in the proportions of 1:1000, 1:2000 or 1:3000.

Transport infrastructure design

Situational construction master plan

Developed for the construction of large industrial buildings. For example, such as water management facilities. In this case, it determines not only the placement. But also those buildings and construction industry enterprises that already exist.

In a word, it denotes the conditions and set of measures that characterize the construction and economic requirements of the area in which construction is taking place. It can be:

factories supplying building materials (reinforced concrete structures or metal structures or equipment, and so on);
quarries in which sand, crushed stone and gravel are extracted;
water, railway and road communications, as well as power lines and so on.

But for irrigation and drainage systems, the situational construction master plan additionally means:

boundaries and areas of drained and irrigated territories;
territories of operational and construction sites;
boundaries of water drainage and flooding of territories;
the order of input of each node;
bridges, bypass canals and so on.

Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation

Work execution project: development and approval

All work projects, whether the construction of new structures, or the modernization (expansion) of any other facility, are necessarily developed by a general contracting construction and installation company or organization.

If a work project (WPP) is ordered by a general contracting or subcontracting construction and installation organization, their development is carried out by a design and technology institute or design and engineering organizations.

We emphasize that in some cases, when carrying out large volumes of work, it is important that work projects (WPP) are drawn up not only for the facility as a whole. But also for a specific or specific type of work. For example, for excavation work or concrete laying, installation of prefabricated structures or roofing work, and so on.

I would like to note that previously such documents were called work organization projects, that is, abbreviated as POR. However, in the current standards SNiP 12-01-2004 (replacing SNiP 3.01.01-85) these documents are also called work projects (WPP). With a caveat that emphasizes that these are projects for the production of specific works.

When carrying out general construction, special or installation work, work production projects (WPP) are developed directly by companies that have full authority to do so.

The work plan (WPP) for a facility under construction is approved by the management of the general contracting company or organization. If a work project (WPP) is developed for specific types of work, after a detailed discussion, it must be agreed upon by the management of the subcontracting construction company and established by the general contracting company.

When carrying out work to reconstruct a construction site or increase construction, the work execution plan (WPP), first of all, must be agreed upon with the management of the customer organization.

On a note! Adjustments to the work project (WPP) during the implementation of work are not permitted without prior approval from certain organizations.

Documents required for developing a work project

A work project (WPP) for the construction, expansion, or technical re-equipment of buildings and structures is developed by the general contractor. Or design organizations licensed to carry out this type of activity, in accordance with the following documents and source data:

assignment for the development of a work project, which is issued by the customer (construction organization) with justification for the need to develop it for the building or structure as a whole, or for its parts or types of work and indicating the development timeframe;
(POS);
required working documentation;
the priority and conditions for the supply of building materials, structures, finished products, materials and equipment, the use of the required construction machines and vehicles, the level of workforce provision for builders in the main professions. And in some cases - the conditions for performing work on a rotational basis;
materials and results of technical inspection of existing enterprises, buildings and structures during their reconstruction. As well as the basic requirements for the performance of construction, installation and special construction work in the conditions of existing production;
the presence and condition of the mechanized base in the organization;
special construction conditions associated with potentially existing hazardous production factors and newly emerging new zones.

Schedule as part of the PPR

Conclusion

Today, construction work is characterized by a very high degree of complexity. And sometimes, even with the heaviness of execution. Hence the need arises for precise elaboration of all technical and technological solutions. That is why the construction work project receives the status of the main and most significant document in the system of organizational and technological preparation.

We also note that, often, the absence of PPR serves as an alarming sign for the Customer. You can be at a loss for a long time why permission to begin work has not been received. Or why preference was given to another contractor, who may be inferior in execution technology, but competently presented the work project on paper.

One thing is undeniable: a well-prepared work project is an undeniable advantage in the process of competition in the construction market. And it helps to avoid many problems directly on site. Therefore, the preparation of the PPR deserves the most serious consideration.

PROJECT OF WORK PRODUCTION

PROJECT OF WORK FOR INSTALLATION OF TECHNOLOGICAL PIPELINES FOR LINKING TECHNOLOGICAL EQUIPMENT WITH PAINTING AND THERMAL INSULATION DEVICE KUPNK. Title 205

PROJECT OF WORK PRODUCTION
FOR INSTALLATION OF TECHNOLOGICAL PIPELINES LINKING TECHNOLOGICAL EQUIPMENT WITH PAINTING AND THERMAL INSULATION DEVICE KUPNK. Title 205

1 GENERAL DATA

A work project is an organizational and technical document for production purposes, which regulates the rules for conducting construction work and the deadline for their execution, the procedure for engineering equipment and arrangement of the construction site, and labor protection and safety measures. The work project determines the technological discipline at the construction site, the quality, timing and safety of the work.

This work project was developed for the installation of process pipelines piping process equipment with painting and thermal insulation.

The project was developed based on the following sets of drawings:

- 5747203-(367-2/08)-3022-205-TI;

- 5747203-(367-2/08)-3022-205-TI.VIT;

- 5747203-(367-2/08)-3022-205-TI.THM.

The work process is regulated by the following regulatory and guidance documents:

1. SNiP 12-01-2004 "Organization of construction";

2. SNiP 3.01.03-84* “Geodetic work in construction”;
________________
* SNiP 3.01.03-84 are not valid. In exchange, SP 126.13330.2012 applies

3. SNiP 3.02.01-87* "Earth structures, foundations and foundations";
________________
* SNiP 3.02.01-87 are not valid. Instead, SP 45.13330.2012 "Earth structures, foundations and foundations. Updated edition of SNiP 3.02.01-87" was put into effect. - Database manufacturer's note.

4. SNiP 3.03.01-87 "Load-bearing and enclosing structures";

5. SNiP 3.04.03-85 “Protection of building structures and structures from corrosion”;

6. SNiP 3.01.04-87 "Acceptance into operation of completed construction facilities. Basic provisions";

7. SNiP 12-03-2001 “Labor safety in construction” part 1;

8. SNiP 12-04-2002 “Labor safety in construction” part 2;

9. SP 12-135-2003 "Labor safety in construction. Industry standard instructions on labor protection";

10. PPB-01-03* "Fire Safety Rules in the Russian Federation", Ministry of Emergency Situations;
________________
* PPB-01-03 don't work. Instead, the Fire Regulations in the Russian Federation apply. - Database manufacturer's note.

11. GOST 23407-78 “Inventory fencing for construction sites and construction sites”;

12. GOST 21779-82 "System for ensuring the accuracy of geometric parameters in construction. Technological tolerances";

13. GOST 7566-94 "Metal products. Acceptance, marking, packaging, transportation and storage";

14. GOST 24846-81 "Methods for measuring deformations of the foundations of buildings and structures";

15. GOST 2246-70 "Steel welding wire. Technical conditions";

16. GOST 23279-85 "Welded reinforcement mesh for reinforced concrete structures and products. General technical conditions";

17. GOST 5781-82* "Hot-rolled steel for reinforcement of reinforced concrete structures. Technical conditions";
________________
* GOST 23279-85 was canceled in the Russian Federation from 07/01/2013 with the introduction of GOST 23279-2012

18. GOST 5264-80 "Manual arc welding. Welded joints. Basic types, structural elements and dimensions";

19. GOST 9467-75 "Coated metal electrodes for manual arc welding of structural and heat-resistant steels. Types";

20. GOST R 52085-2003 “Formwork”;

21. GOST 21.101-97 "Basic requirements for design and working documentation";

22. GOST 24297-87* "Incoming product inspection";
________________
* GOST 24297-87 was canceled in the Russian Federation from 01/01/2014 with the introduction of GOST 24297-2013. - Database manufacturer's note.

23. GOST 28013-98 * "Construction mortars. General technical conditions";

24. GOST 7948-80 "Steel plumb lines for construction. Technical conditions";

25. GOST 9416-83 "Construction levels. Technical conditions";

26. GOST 7502-98 * "Metal measuring tapes. Technical conditions";

27. GOST 427-75 * "Metal rulers. Technical conditions";

28. GOST 12.3.002-75 "System of occupational safety standards. Production processes. General safety requirements" ;

29. GOST 12.1.004-85* "System of occupational safety standards. Fire safety. General requirements";
________________
* GOST 12.1.004-85 is not valid. Instead, GOST 12.1.004-91 applies. - Database manufacturer's note.

30. POT RM-007-98* “Inter-industry rules for labor protection during loading and unloading operations and placement of cargo”;
________________
* POT RM-007-98 are not valid. Instead, by order of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated September 17, 2014 N 642n, the Rules for labor protection during loading and unloading operations and placement of cargo were approved. - Database manufacturer's note.

31. RD 10-40-93 "Standard instructions for engineering and technical workers to supervise the safe operation of lifting mechanisms."

The work project contains:

General provisions, list of equipment and personnel;

- technological map for installation of column block piping;

- technological map for painting the lining of the column block;

Technological map for insulating the piping of a block of columns;

- safety instructions.

Water supply is from the existing water supply.

Electricity supply for the construction period is provided from a distribution cabinet on the construction site, which is powered from the existing power line.

To ensure fire safety during construction, use an existing fire hydrant.

The work project provides for the use of modern means of mechanization of construction processes, compliance with labor protection and safe work requirements, and implementation of environmental protection measures. All workers involved in construction must be trained and have qualification certificates and must be provided with safety helmets and safety vests.

2 ORGANIZATION OF WORK

2.1 Preparatory period

Before starting work at the construction site, the following activities must be completed:

- The work manager, together with the Customer, must issue an approval certificate for construction and installation works on the territory of the existing enterprise, in accordance with clause 4.6 of SNiP 12-03-2001 “Labor safety in construction. Part 1. General requirements in the form of Appendix B;

- appoint by order persons (from among the engineers) certified in the field of industrial safety and having a certificate corresponding to qualifications, responsible for labor protection, quality and proper performance of construction and installation work, fire safety, responsible for the good condition and safe operation of gas and hydraulic machinery and equipment, etc. .d.;

- develop measures for the safe conduct of construction, installation, commissioning and other types of work at the facilities of launch complexes in the conditions of existing production in the form of Appendix No. 6 of instruction No. P2-01 SP-218 I-001;

- issue a permit for construction and installation work in places where hazardous or harmful factors are present, in accordance with clause 4.11 of SNiP 12-03-2001 "Occupational Safety in Construction. Part 1. General Requirements" in the form of Appendix D;

- all workers and specialists, before starting work, must undergo training in accordance with the requirements of local regulatory documents on safety, industrial sanitation and fire safety in accordance with clause 4.5 of instructions N P2-01 SP-218 I-001;

- arrange a temporary fencing of the construction site 2 m high, in accordance with GOST 23.407-78;

- install a signal fence around the perimeter of hazardous areas during the operation of construction equipment and mechanisms;

- install an information board, as well as temporary road signs;

- arrange a wash of Neva-2 (or equivalent) wheels in case of equipment leaving for the city;

- disconnect and dismantle utility networks that fall into the building area;

- lay temporary power and water supply networks, arrange electric lighting;

- install administrative buildings;

- install temporary warehouses, sheds;

- deliver to the construction site structures and materials located in storage areas in the required quantities;

- deliver and prepare for operation mechanisms, equipment and installation equipment;

- create a geodetic alignment base;

- equip a specially designated area with primary fire extinguishing equipment;

- provide workers with the necessary tools, equipment, and protective equipment;

- conduct training and briefing of personnel on safety precautions.

2.2 Transportation and storage

The strapping elements should be delivered to the construction site using the MMC FUSO manipulator.

Preparation of metal structures for transportation must comply with GOST 26653. Metal structures with cross-sectional dimensions up to 50 mm inclusive are tied into bundles, skeins or bundles of skeins, and over 50 mm - bundled into bundles at the request of the consumer. Bent profiles are tied into bundles.

The cross-section of packs of metal structures, depending on the size and shape of the cross-section, should approach a circle, rectangle or hexagon. By agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer, a different cross-section of the packs is allowed.

When packing metal structures of measured length, the ends of the bundle must be aligned on one side, the protruding ends on the other side must not exceed the maximum length deviations established in the regulatory documentation (ND) for specific types of rental products. By agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer, packaging without aligning the ends is allowed.

During loading and unloading operations, transportation and storage, metal structures must be protected from mechanical damage, for which they should be laid in a stable position on wooden supports and secured (during transportation) with the help of inventory fasteners, such as clamps, clamps, turnstiles, cassettes, etc. .P. Deformed structures must be rejected and replaced with new ones. Do not drop structures from vehicles or drag them on any surface. During loading, slings made of soft material should be used.

The weight of a pack of metal structures, as well as unpackaged rolled products, should not exceed:

- for manual loading and unloading - 80 kg (up to 25 kg per worker);

- with mechanized loading and unloading - up to 1.6 tons.

The passage of vehicles with metal structures, as well as unloading, must be under the strict control of the person responsible for the safe movement of cargo.

Mineral wool boards and sheet metal are also delivered to the construction site using the MMC FUSO manipulator. The elements and materials received at the construction site are placed in the operating area of the installation crane. All materials must be stored in a position appropriate for transport, sorted by size. It is necessary to store materials under a canopy in conditions that prevent their damage.

2.3 Workplace organization

Workplaces must be illuminated in accordance with the requirements of GOST 12.1.046-85, table 1:

Table 1

Lighting standards for workplaces


Construction sites and work areas	Lowest illumination, lux	The plane in which illumination is normalized	Level of the surface on which illumination is normalized

1. Loading, installation, lifting, unloading of equipment, building structures, parts and materials by cranes		Horizontal	At the sites for receiving and supplying equipment, parts designs and materials
		Vertical	On the crane hooks in all positions from the operator's side
2. Non-mechanized unloading and loading of structures, parts, materials and tilting		Horizontal	At cargo reception and delivery sites
3. Installation of structures		Horizontal	Over the entire height of the assembly
		Vertical
4. Integrated assembly of piping elements (docking, welding)		Horizontal	At ground or work surface level
		Vertical	Throughout the entire height of work
5. Approaches to workplaces		Horizontal	On formworks, platforms and approaches
6. Storage room for small technological equipment and installation materials		Horizontal	At floor level

Concentrations of harmful substances in the air of the working area, as well as noise and vibration levels at workplaces should not exceed established sanitary and hygienic standards.

Microclimate parameters must comply with sanitary rules and standards for hygienic requirements for the microclimate of industrial premises.

Machines and units that create noise during operation should be operated in such a way that sound levels in workplaces, areas and on the construction site do not exceed the permissible values specified in sanitary standards.

When operating machines, as well as when organizing workplaces, to eliminate the harmful effects on workers of increased noise levels, the following should be used:

- technical means (reducing machine noise at the source of its formation; the use of technological processes in which sound levels at workplaces do not exceed permissible levels, etc.);

- remote control;

- individual protection means;

- organizational measures (choice of a rational mode of work and rest, reducing the time of exposure to noise factors in the work area, treatment, preventive and other measures).

Areas with sound levels above 80 dBA are indicated with danger signs. Working in these areas without wearing personal hearing protection is not permitted. Workers are not allowed to stay in areas with sound levels above 135 dBA.

Production equipment that generates vibration must meet the requirements of sanitary standards.

2.4 Geodetic work

During the work, geodetic control is carried out. Control consists of checking compliance with basic design requirements. Geodetic control should be carried out directly during the execution of work, after completion of work at the site or site, when accepting work from the performers.

Alignment work begins with reference to the reference geodetic base; during the construction process, the work must ensure that it is carried out in situ from the points of the geodetic alignment base with a given accuracy of axes and marks.

A geodetic alignment basis for construction should be created taking into account:

- design and existing placement of buildings (structures) and utility networks at the construction site;

- ensuring the safety and stability of signs fixing the points of the alignment base;

- geological, temperature, dynamic processes and other influences in the construction area that may have an adverse effect on the quality of construction of the alignment base;

- use of the created geodetic alignment base during the operation of the constructed facility, its expansion and reconstruction.

The accuracy of constructing the construction site alignment network should be taken in accordance with the data given in SNiP 3.01.03-84*.
________________
* SNiP 3.01.03-84 is not valid. Instead, SP 126.13330.2012 “Geodetic work in construction. Updated version of SNiP 3.01.03-84” was put into effect. - Database manufacturer's note.

During the operational period the following is checked:

- safety and immutability of the position of the plan-height base;

- compliance with the setting out of structural elements and alignment axes;

- accuracy of transfer of the main axes of structures;

- correctness of the plan-height position of all structural elements.

During the acceptance control process upon completion of construction, the following is controlled:

- compliance of all geometric parameters of the earthen structure with the requirements of the project and regulatory documents;

- timely and reliable completion of as-built surveys during the construction of column block linings and upon its completion.

The result of this work is as-built geodetic documentation.

Geodetic foundation signs must be supervised during the construction process. Their safety and stability are constantly checked.

All geodetic work during the construction period must be recorded in a work log, which is maintained in parallel with the general work log by the supervisor directly carrying out the construction of this facility.

All executive geodetic documentation is signed by the performing surveyor, chief engineer or person responsible for the work. Acceptance and delivery documentation includes:

- As-built surveys of the mounted piping elements of the column block.

All diagrams indicate the design and actual dimensions or deviations from the design dimensions in height and in plan. The coordinate and elevation system is local. The relative level of 0.000 is taken to be 276.150.

Signed as-built surveys are transferred to the Customer along with acts for hidden work to confirm the scope of work completed.

General management of geodetic control is assigned to the chief engineer.

The results of control observations are recorded in logs.

Table 3

List of equipment and tools for geodetic work


Name of equipment, tools		Note

Total station
Level
Leveling rod
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