The uprising led by Stepan Razin presentation. Presentation on the topic: The uprising of Stepan Razin

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The uprising of Stepan Razin

In 1667, Stepan Timofeevich Razin became the leader of the Cossacks. In total, in the spring of 1667, 600-800 Cossacks gathered, but more and more new people arrived and the number of those gathered increased to 2000 people. In terms of its goals, it was an ordinary Cossack campaign “for zipuns.” But it differed from similar enterprises in its scale. The campaign spread to the lower Volga, Yaik and Persia, was in the nature of disobedience to the government and blocked the trade route to the Volga. All this inevitably led to clashes between such a large Cossack detachment and the tsarist commanders and to the transformation of the usual campaign for booty into an uprising raised by the Cossack army.

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The main stages of the uprising of Stepan Razin

In the spring of 1668 they entered the Caspian Sea. In the Caspian Sea near the Persian city of Rashtau, the Cossacks fought with the Shah's forces. The battle was difficult, and the Razins had to enter into negotiations. But the envoy of the Russian Tsar, Palmar, who arrived to Shah Suleiman, brought the royal letter, which reported about the thieves' Cossacks going to sea. The letter suggested to the Persians that they “would beat them everywhere and put them to death without mercy.” Negotiations with the Cossacks were interrupted. By order of the Shah, the Cossacks were reforged, and one was hunted down by dogs. In response, the Razins took Farabat. They wintered near it, making a fortified town.

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Hike for zipuns

In the spring of 1669, the Cossacks withstood several battles in the “Trukhmensky land”, where Razin’s friend Sergei Krivoi died, and then at Svinoye Island near Baku they were attacked by a large Shah’s fleet under the command of Mamed Khan of Astara - a battle took place that went down in history as the Battle of Svinoye islands.

It was in this battle (near Pig Island) that the son and daughter of the commander of the Persian fleet were captured by the Razins - the daughter was the Persian princess whom Stepan Razin, later, as it is sung in the famous song “Because of the island to the core ...”, abandoned from the ship into the water.

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Peasants' War

In the spring of 1670, Razin organized a new campaign against the Volga, which already had the character of an open uprising. He sent out “charming” (seductive) letters, in which he called to his side all those seeking freedom and wanting to serve him. He did not intend to overthrow the tsar, however, he declared himself an enemy of the entire official administration - the governor, clerks, representatives of the church, accusing them of “treason” to the tsar.

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Social composition of participants in the uprising of Stepan Razin

The movement at first was purely Cossack and had a predatory character.

Then the peasants of the Volga region joined, killing their landowners.

The urban lower classes only partially participated in the uprising of Stepan Razin.

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Peasants' War

Having captured Astrakhan, Tsaritsyn, Saratov and Samara, Razin was unable to successfully complete the siege of Simbirsk in the fall of 1670. Meanwhile, the government sent a 60,000-strong army to suppress the uprising.

On October 3, 1670, near Simbirsk, the government army under the command of governor Yuri Baryatinsky inflicted a severe defeat on the Razins.

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Stepan Razin was seriously wounded on October 4, 1670 and was taken by the Cossacks loyal to him to the Don, where he and his supporters fortified himself in the town of Kagalnitsky. He hoped to gather his supporters. However, the homely Cossacks, led by military ataman Kornila Yakovlev, realizing that Razin’s actions could bring the tsar’s wrath upon the entire Cossacks, stormed the Kagalnitsky town on April 13, 1671 and, after a fierce battle, captured Razin the next day and subsequently handed him over to the tsar’s governors.

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Captivity and execution

At the end of April 1671, Razin, together with his younger brother Frol, was handed over by the Don authorities to the royal governors - steward Grigory Kosogov and clerk Andrei Bogdanov, who took them to Moscow (June 2). Razin was subjected to severe torture, during which he maintained unshakable courage. On June 6, 1671, after the verdict was announced, Stepan Razin was quartered on the scaffold on Bolotnaya Square.

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The uprising of Stepan Razin

For more than three centuries, interest in the controversial personality of Stepan Razin has not waned. Numerous legends, tales, and songs were composed about the life of the ataman. Historians analyze the rebellion of Stenka Razin, and film directors, writers, poets, and artists try to reflect the thoughts and feelings of this man in their works. Three songs about Stenka Razin were written by A. S. Pushkin.

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At the end of the 19th century, D. M. Sadovnikov’s poem “Because of the Island on the Rod,” based on the plot of one of the legends about Razin, became a popular folk song. Based on the plot of this particular song, the first Russian feature film “Ponizovaya Volnitsa” was shot in 1908.

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Places named in memory of Stepan Razin

Settlements

• The village of Razin is located in the Zemetchinsky district of the Penza region, in the place where the uprising took place.
• Working village named after Stepan Razin - a settlement in the Lukoyanovsky district of the Nizhny Novgorod region of Russia
• The village of Stepan Razin in the Volgograd region (Leninsky district).
• E.V. Vuchetich “Stepan Razin”
• LFZ "Song about Stepan Razin"

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Places named in memory of Stepan Razin

• Stepan Razin Avenue is located in the city of Tolyatti
• Streets in honor of Stepan Razin are named in Rostov-on-Don, Perm, Arzamas, Armavir, Voronezh, Yekaterinburg, Izhevsk, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Samara, Sarapul, Saratov, Orenburg, Chelyabinsk, Orel, Tuapse
• Descent to the Imperial (old) bridge over the Volga River in Ulyanovsk.
• Stepan Razin embankment in Tver.
• Beer factory in St. Petersburg.
• "Stepan Razin" on the Volga-Don Canal
• Tolyatti. Stepan Razin Avenue

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The revolt made sense because it did not allow the people to forget freedom, but the participants in the uprising understood the will as permissiveness and irresponsibility. The monarchical consciousness of the rebels was directed against the tsarist commanders, the increased number of officials, and administrative red tape, and not against the tsar.

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Stepan Timofeevich Razin, also known as Stenka Razin. Stepan Razin was born in 1630. This year was derived from the work of the Dutch traveler J. Ya. Streis, who had meetings with Razin several times, and reported that in 1670 he was 40 years old (or about 40 years old). Born into a wealthy Cossack family in the village of Zimoveyskaya on the Don. Razin's personality attracted great attention from his contemporaries and descendants; he became a hero of folklore and the first Russian film. Apparently, he was the first Russian about whom a dissertation was defended in the West (and only a few years after his death).

Razin appears on the pages of history in 1652. By this time he was already an ataman and acted as one of the two authorized representatives of the Don Cossacks. Razin’s elder brother Ivan was also a prominent Cossack leader and ataman of the Don Army. In 1665, the tsarist governor, Prince Yu. A. Dolgorukov, during one of the conflicts with the Don Cossacks, who wanted to go to the Don while serving as tsar, ordered the execution of Ivan Razin, Stepan’s older brother. This event influenced Razin’s further activities: the desire to take revenge on Dolgorukov and the tsarist administration was combined with the desire for a free and prosperous life for the Cossacks under his command. Soon, apparently, Razin decided that the Cossack military-democratic system should be extended to the entire Russian state.

He made a Persian campaign in Razin, defeating the fleet of the Iranian Shah and gaining experience in the “Cossack war” (ambushes, raids, outflanking maneuvers). The Cossacks burned villages and hamlets of the Dagestan Tatars, killed residents, and destroyed property. Taking Baku, Derbent. Reshet, Farabat, Astrabat, Razin took prisoners, among them was the daughter of Menedy Khan. He made her a concubine, then dealt with her, proving the ataman’s prowess. This fact was included in the text of the folk song about Stenka Razin, but already at that time legends about the “bewitched by a bullet and a saber” destroyer of other people’s property, about his strength, dexterity and luck, were spreading everywhere.

Razin's political program was chaotic. He denied that he had rebelled against the tsar, but constantly hinted that the people no longer needed tsarist power. Stenka saw Russia as one huge Cossack village, a kind of Zaporozhye Sich, where everyone is equal. He claimed that with his army were the deposed Patriarch Nikon and Tsarevich Alexei (the son of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, who died the year the uprising began). In Astrakhan, the ataman was simple and accessible, but at the same time he forced him to show himself almost royal honors: when they came to receive him, people had to fall to their knees and bow at their feet. In general, Razin’s time in this city turned into a continuous drunken orgy for him and his comrades. The people's leader walked in silks, hung with gold. It is difficult to calculate what wealth the ataman and his associates plundered during their lives. And yet, the people found something attractive in this scoundrel. Be that as it may, the promises of universal equality had an effect on the common people. In 1670, a riot raged across a vast territory from Saratov to Ryazan and Voronezh. Razin's political program

The uprising itself began in the spring of 1670. The uprising was led by Stepan Razin, Vasily Us and Fyodor Sheludyak. Razin and his supporters called for serving the tsar, “beating” the boyars, nobles, governors, and merchants “for treason,” and giving “black people” (i.e., peasants) freedom.

In the summer and autumn of 1667, Razin's Cossacks robbed Russian and Persian merchant caravans on the Lower Volga. Then they went out to the Caspian Sea and climbed the river. Yaik to the Yaitsky town, overwintered, and in the spring of 1668 they moved along the western coast of the Caspian Sea. Razin's detachment of two thousand plundered the cities of Tarki, Derbent, Baku, Rasht, Ferahabad. After spending the winter on Pig Island, Razin returned to Astrakhan in August 1669. Stepan Razin's campaign for "zipuns"

In Astrakhan, Razin’s Cossacks “walked”, generously distributing looted loot and astonishing the residents with their wealth. From Astrakhan, Razin returned to the Don, spent the winter in the town of Kagalnitsky, and in the spring of 1670 he again went to the Volga. Now he was going to go up the Volga - against the Moscow boyars - “traitors”. Stepan Razin. 17th century engraving

Razin took Tsaritsyn without a fight: the residents themselves opened the gates for him. The Astrakhan archers sent against Razin went over to his side. On June 22, 1670, Razin captured Astrakhan. Only a few nobles and streltsy heads offered resistance to him, and most of the streltsy stuck to the rebels. Capture of Astrakhan by Razin. 17th century engraving All those who resisted, led by governor S. Prozorovsky, were killed.

The riot grew. The peasants rebelled near Tambov, Penza and Saransk passed into the hands of the rebels. The peoples of the Volga region rebelled: the Mari, the Mordovians, the Chuvash. Razin besieged Simbirsk, but failed to take a powerful fortress with a strong garrison under the command of I.M. Miloslavsky. Battle of Stepan Razin's detachment with the tsarist troops. Hood. N. S. Samokish

Governor Yu. Baryatinsky came to the rescue of Simbirsk with rifle and soldier regiments. In a battle with Baryatinsky’s army, Razin was defeated and fled with the Cossacks close to him. Razin's army fled, more than 600 people taken prisoner were executed by Baryatinsky. Residents of the surrounding villages confessed. Soldier of the 1st elective soldiers' regiment.

Why did the robber Stenka Razin become a favorite hero of Russian folklore? Because the peasants and townspeople, whose life was incredibly difficult, hated the boyars, nobles, clerks, rich merchants, and were glad of the opportunity to deal with them and seize their property. In Razin they saw their protector, an avenger for their suffering. ?

Why did Razin's uprising fail? The uprising was spontaneous and unorganized; the rebels did not have a plan of action. Its members were armed, but poorly trained and could not resist an army that obeyed orders. The Cossacks, the main force of the uprising, sought to plunder, and when confronted with a strong army, they fled. The peasants who took part in the uprising dealt with their landowners, but did not want to go on long campaigns. ?

Songs about Stenka Razin, stylized as folk songs /A. S. Pushkin “For whose sins?” /Mordovtsev, Daniil Lukich historical novel (1891). “Stenka Razin” / M. Tsvetaeva’s poem (1917) “Razin” / V. Khlebnikov’s poem, (1920) “Stenka Razin” / V. A. Gilyarovsky poem “Stepan Razin” / V. Kamensky poem “Stepan Razin” / A. Chapygin historical novel () “Stepan Razin (Cossacks)” / Ivan Nazhivin historical novel (1928) “Stepan Razin” / S. Zlobin novel ( 1951) “I came to give you freedom” / V. Shukshin novel (1971), script of the same name. “Stenkin’s Court” / Maximilian Voloshin poem (1917). “The Execution of Stenka Razin” / Evgeny Yevtushenko chapter from the poem “Bratsk Hydroelectric Power Station” (1964). “The Well” / Svyatoslav Loginov novel (1997). “Court” / A. Tolstoy poem. “Fiery pre-winter: The Tale of Stepan Razin” / Vyacheslav Usov story (1987).

“Stenka Razin” opera by composer N. Ya. Afanasyev “Stenka Razin” symphonic poem by composer A. K. Glazunov “Anathema” rock opera by composer Vladimir Kalle “There is a cliff on the Volga” folk song “Because of the island to the core” folk song to the words of D. M. Sadovnikov “Oh, it’s not evening” folk song “The Execution of Stepan Razin » symphonic poem for bass, choir and symphony orchestra by composer D. D. Shostakovich “The Dream of Stepan Razin” epic for bass and symphony orchestra by G. I. Ustvolskaya “Judgment” song by composer Konstantin Kinchev to the verses of Alexei Tolstoy “Ataman will be born” song by Nikolai Emelin “25 July” song by Nikolai Emelin “Stepan Razin” song by author and performer Vladimir Kalusenko “Stenka Razin” song by Alexey Sviridov

Presentation for a lesson on the subject “History of Russia” in 7th grade on the topic "Insurrection Stepan Razin"

Developed by: Oligova Rosa Akhmetovna,

history and social studies teacher

Municipal educational institution Terengulskaya secondary school

Lesson objectives:

1. Educational:

• Reveal the atmosphere of the era through historical facts, paintings by artists;
• Consider the prerequisites, main stages and results of the uprising of Stepan Razin.

2. Educational:

• Promote the development of the ability to creatively interpret information;
• To develop in students the ability to work with historical sources (documents), with a map, with a textbook for a more accurate generalization of the knowledge gained.

3. Educational:

• To develop in students an understanding of the role of the individual in historical events of different times;
• Contribute to the development and strengthening of a sense of patriotism and love for the small homeland;
• To form in students a sense of involvement in the history of Russia.

LESSON PLAN

Lesson stage

Target

1. Challenge phase (teacher's introduction, problem statement)

Generating interest in the topic, updating existing knowledge

2. Conception phase (working with sources of information, searching for solutions)

Student activities

Acquiring new knowledge, correlating it with existing knowledge, developing cognitive skills

3. Generalization and reflection phase (summarizing, consolidating material, evaluation)

Result

Understanding the problem, formulating questions

Systematization of knowledge, formation of a stable value attitude to the topic

Sustained interest in the topic of the lesson, desire to gain new knowledge

Working with various sources of information, discussing problematic issues, solving assigned tasks and presenting the results of the work done

Developed skills of independent and team work when searching for answers to problematic questions, skills of working with cause-and-effect relationships of historical facts

Carrying out reflection on one’s own activities, summarizing the acquired knowledge

Structuring knowledge on the topic, self-esteem, the ability to formulate one’s own opinion and position, argue for it and coordinate it with the positions of classmates has been developed

XVII "rebellious" century

• Salt riot
• Uprisings in Pskov and Novgorod

• Copper Riot
• The uprising of Stepan Razin

LET'S RECORD...

CAUSES

uprising of Stepan Razin:

• Introduction of the Council Code, enslavement of the peasants.
• Imposition of large taxes and duties on peasants.
• Introduction of an indefinite period of search for escaped serfs.
• Strengthening the tsarist power and limiting the freedom of the Cossacks.
• Geographical concentration of many fugitive peasants and Cossacks in the Don region.
• Food shortages, threat of famine.

The leader of the uprising, Stepan Razin, came from a Cossack family in the village of Zemoveyskaya.

Razin led the Cossack army in campaigns against the Ottoman Empire and the Crimean Khanate.

After the execution of his elder brother by Prince Dolgoruky for attempting to leave the battlefield, Razin decided to take revenge and ensure a free life for the Cossacks.

Stepan Razin sought to gather around himself not only a huge army, but also allies. It is known that he sent letters to Cossack atamans throughout the Russian south, however, by the beginning of the uprising, only ataman Vasily US supported him.

Question: What personal qualities do you think helped Stenka Razin lead the rebellious peasants?

Question: Considering that the driving force behind Stepan Razin’s uprising were peasants and Cossacks and knowing the reasons, try to determine goals rebels?

LET'S RECORD...

Stages of the uprising

Stage 1:

• 1667-1669 - "hike for zipuns": raids on the Volga and the Caspian Sea, capture and robbery of trade caravans, capture of the Yaitsky town, victory over the fleet of the Persian Khan, Razin returned to the Don and settled with his detachment in the Kagalnitsky town, where fugitives began to flock.

Stage 2:

• 1670 - March to Moscow. Tsaritsyn - Kamyshin - Black Yar - Astrakhan - Saratov - Samara. Unsuccessful siege of Simbirsk - Defeat - Capture and execution of Razin.

Question: Follow the sequence The duration of the uprising, where did it begin and where did it end?

"Stepan Razin's troops storm Simbirsk" drawing by unknown artist

According to legend, the first known coat of arms of Simbirsk was granted to the city in 1672 for: “a two-time brave defense from the robber Stenka Razin: the first time under the governor Ivan Miloslavsky from Stenka Razin himself, and the second time a year later from the captain of Razin’s gang Fedka Sheludyaki.”

The coat of arms represents a lion standing on three legs and looking to the right with its tongue hanging out and a sword in its left paw, above the lion's head there is a three-petalled crown. The coat of arms symbolizes the courage of the Simbirians.

The image was preserved on the seal of Simbirsk, standing under the extract from the census and refusal books of 1695.

• Another very “expensive” legend is about Stepan Razin’s treasure. It is believed that Stenka hid the stolen gold somewhere on Simbirsk land.
• By the way... it was in our region that the largest treasure of silver coins in Russia was found.
• One of the supposed locations of the treasure is the Skripinskie Kuchur nature reserve in the Terengul region.

• There is a legend that the village of Fedkino, Terengulsky district, was founded by a close friend of Stepan Razin, Fedor Sheludyak.

• What is the name of the governor who defeated the army of Stepan Razin near Simbirsk?
• Can the uprising of Stepan Razin be called multinational?
• By the time of the attack on Simbirsk, what was the total number of rebels?
• What segments of the population took part in the uprising?
• Did the uprising stop after the execution of Stepan Razin?

LET'S RECORD...

Reasons for the defeat of Stepan Razin

• The spontaneous nature of the uprising, the lack of clear unified leadership;
• Lack of clear discipline, rebellious nature of the uprising;
• Unclear, overly generalized goals;
• Lack of weapons and military training for the main part of the rebels.

• Brutal reprisals against the rebels; in some cities more than 11 thousand people were executed. Execution of Stepan Razin;
• The goals of the rebels were not achieved - serfdom and the power of the nobility were not destroyed;
• The uprising did not ease the situation of the peasants, but changed the life of the Don Cossacks. In 1671, they swore allegiance to the Tsar; the Cossacks became the Tsar’s support, a privileged class in Russia.

"Check your neighbor"

Does your desk neighbor know the following concepts?

1. Cossack circle

2. Hike for zipuns

3. Nobility

4. Cossack

5. Refugees

6. Cathedral Code

Game "Pros" and "Cons" The class is divided into 2 teams. Teams are given 5 minutes to discuss, during which they develop arguments in their defense. Then the debate begins. The team makes an argument, their opponents make a counter-argument. The team that runs out of arguments loses.

• Stepan Razin's team, led by the ataman, is preparing at least 5 arguments in their defense

• The team of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich is preparing at least 5 arguments in its defense

• Read paragraph 20, answer the questions

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