The rules of the game of chess in brief. Chess game for beginner kids
The rules of chess for beginners - the first acquaintance with this exciting game. For adults and children - in pictures.
Rules of the game
Chess is a game played by two people. The pieces in the game are located on different sides of the board, which contains 64 fields in black and white.
Board
The right near playing field for each player must be white. Horizontal rows are numbered from 1 to 8, vertical rows are indicated by Latin letters from a to h. Therefore, you can quickly write down the moves of any game, consisting of letters and numbers.
The name of the chess pieces Opponents play on opposite sides of the board, one of them moves with white pieces, the second with black pieces. The pieces in each game are placed in the same way as follows:
The first move in the game is made by white pieces (the decision on who plays which pieces is made by lot). So, first the white pieces move, then the black ones, then again the white ones, then the black ones, and so on.
How chess pieces move
Pawns
Pawns have the right to walk only forward. They beat the opponent's pieces diagonally and take the place of the piece that was beaten. In its original position, the pawn can move through one square, or move only to the next square forward. In the case when she is already in the game (that is, she made moves), then she can only move one square forward.
For example, a pawn is in position -e2. After the first move, which can be done through one cell, the pawn ended up on -e4. Rook (tour)
Rook moves and beats the opponent's pieces forward or sideways. Strictly horizontally or vertically. For any number of cells available on the board. All pieces are removed from the board, the king cannot be eaten, you can only declare checkmate. A rook can also jump over its own king, but only during castling. The symbolic designation of the rook is L or R.
The rook has the right to make moves in the vertical and horizontal direction, if there are no other pieces on its way. The conditional value of a rook is 5 pawns. 
This is how the rook can move. Horse
At the horse an unusual move: he jumps over the rest of the figures into two squares and one sideways, with the letter "G". This is the only piece on the board, which at any time can jump over any piece, its own or someone else's.
Knight's moves from the starting position. That is, even in the complete environment of the opponent's pieces, the knight can theoretically be saved, while for other pieces the environment is extremely bad. The knight’s movement scheme is similar to the letter “G”: two cells forward, backward, right or left, and then one cell to the side (shown in the figure).
Officer (elephant)
Elephant moves diagonally to the desired number of cells. These are usually only cells of the same color. Because it's diagonal. Therefore, they are called a black-squared bishop or a light-squared bishop. 
The elephant can overcome any available number of cells. For brevity in writing, this figure is denoted C or B in the English version.
The chess bishop moves diagonally. Queen
Queen (queen). The strongest piece in the game of chess, moving any number of squares in a straight line or diagonally in all directions. In the initial position, the queen always occupies a square of her color, hence the expression: "The queen loves her color."
There are positions from which the queen can attack up to 27 cells at once. In Russian records, the queen corresponds to the symbol Ф, in English - Q.
The queen is the most powerful piece in chess. Its conditional value is 8 pawns. It combines the strength of both the rook and the bishop. The queen can move vertically, diagonally and vertically (if there are no other pieces on the way. King
The goal of the game is to capture the king. Checkmate him. Therefore, it is the most significant and significant chess piece. The king moves in any direction: straight, sideways and diagonally. But, just one step.
The king does not have the right to make moves to an adjacent field if it is attacked by one of the opponent's pieces, or if another piece of the same color as the king is on this field.
The weakest, but weighty and significant chess piece is the king. Shah
A check is when the king is directly attacked by one or more pieces. Since the king cannot be taken according to the rules, its owner must escape from the blow on the next move. You can move your pieces only to protect the king from the check.
Pat
A stalemate situation occurs when the king is not in check, and the player playing it cannot make a single move according to the rules (you cannot put the king under check yourself). In this situation, the game is considered to have ended in a draw.
Mat
Most common result chess game. The king of one of the opponents is under attack, which cannot be repelled. This is mat. The player of such a king loses the game.
Game moments
- The game can end in the victory of one of the opponents or in a draw.
- A chess player can checkmate an opponent.
- The opponent may admit defeat if the situation seems hopeless to him due to the large damage.
- Players can agree to a draw on their own, but there are situations when they are forced to do so. If one player has a king and a knight left, and the other has a king and a bishop, it is impossible to win the game without an opponent's gross mistake.
- At a higher level, a draw is sometimes fixed when the same moves are repeated three times.
Well, now try with a computer.
Chess can be played by two players. The board consists of 64 fields, 32 light and 32 dark. The verticals of the board are indicated by Latin letters (from a to h), horizontally by numbers (from 1 to 8). So, we can say that each field in chessboard defined by a letter and a number. At the start of the game, each player has 8 pieces and 8 pawns.
Consider the figures in the game:
King is the main chess piece. The king can move to any adjacent square. The King also has a special move - castling, but this will be discussed below.
Queen is the strongest piece in chess. This figure can move both vertically, horizontally and diagonally without restrictions. The only restriction is that a piece does not have the right to jump over pieces, both of its opponent and its own.
Rook is a straight figure. She moves horizontally and vertically without restriction, but, like the queen, she cannot jump both her own and her opponent's pieces. The rook also participates in a special move - castling. This move is explained below.
Elephant is a piece that moves only diagonally without restrictions on the squares. Elephants cannot change the color of the fields they walk on. From this property and the name - black-field and white-field.
Horse- This is the most cunning figure in the game. The horse always walks with the letter "G".
Pawn is the weakest piece in chess. A pawn moves one square, with the exception of the initial position. From the initial position, the pawn can move both to one square and to two. The pawn attacks and captures only obliquely - diagonally on one square.
When the pawn can reach the opponent's edge square, then the pawn can be exchanged for any piece of the same color, except for the king. In this case, it does not matter which figures are presented on the field. The pawn also has a special property, it can beat the opponent's pawn on the aisle.
For example, the opponent’s pawn decided to move from the initial position to 2 squares, and your pawn’s beaten move passes through the square that the opponent’s pawn jumps, which means that you have the right to capture the opponent’s pawn, but only immediately after the opponent’s move.
There are different scales for the value of chess pieces. For example:
1) Minor piece = 3 pawns
2) Rook = minor piece + 2 pawns
3) Queen = rook + minor piece + pawn
Castling in Chess
Castling in chess- This is a special move in which two pieces take part at once - the king and the rook. Each player during the game can make one castling, either long or short.
Simply put, to perform castling, you need to bring the rook close to your king and jump over it. Castling is possible if the king and rook have never moved before, and there are no pieces between them. Castling is not possible if the king is in check or under a square that is attacked and when castling, the king should cross or occupy it.
Shah is an attack by a piece on the opponent's king. The king has no right to remain in check. To do this, he must either leave or defend himself with another piece. If the king cannot defend or escape from the check, then the king is mate.
The consignment. The goal of any game is to checkmate the opponent's king. As practice shows, a game rarely ends with checkmate, since the player gives up earlier. This is most relevant even when playing against the clock, since the game can be lost due to overdue time. A draw can happen in 4 cases:
- Opponents agree to a draw
- The position of the stalemate (the player cannot move a piece, while the king is not in check)
- Three times repetition of the position
- For 50 moves, not a single piece has left the board and not a single pawn has moved.
White starts the game. Opponents move in turn: according to the rules, they rearrange their pieces to free places or to the field occupied by the opponent's piece, which is subsequently removed. The game continues until victory or a draw. In any case, the 50-move rule will not allow the game to go on indefinitely.
There are strict rules in tournaments: if you touch a figure, then you need to make a move with this figure. If the hand is released from the figure, then the move has already been made. To correct a piece on the board, you must first warn your opponent that you are correcting.
Since the end of the 19th century, time has been used in chess. In classical chess, it's 2 hours for 40 moves, and then add 1 hour for every 20 moves, and 30 minutes to complete the game. In total, the party can last a maximum of 7 hours. In rapid chess, the time is reduced to 25 minutes, and in blitz, to 15 minutes.
Most championships, including world championships, are held with full time control in both classical chess and rapid blitz chess.
And what generally happens.
Move in chess
As noted above, whoever plays white is the first to go. A move is the movement of one's piece to an unoccupied square, if it is not a capture. A capture is the movement of one's piece to the place of the opponent's piece, while the opponent's piece is removed from the board. Next, we will consider each figure separately.
How the pieces move
The most important piece in chess, the goal of the game of chess is to checkmate the king, after which the game stops. Whoever puts a checkmate wins the game. The king is the only piece that cannot take a piece if it is protected, it also does not have the right to move under check, and besides, it cannot get closer to the enemy queen and king (closer than one cell).
As you can see, the king can have at most eight squares to which he can move. If the king is on the edge of the board, he has only five possible moves left, and if he is in the corner, only three.
walks and beats the opponent's pieces on any available field along the verticals or horizontals on which it is located.
Here is an example. The rook cannot go to the leftmost square of the board - its king is located there. But she can take the black pawn, that is, remove it from the board, and take its place.
walks to any available field diagonally.
Note that one of the bishops for each of the players walks only on white squares (which is why it is called light-squared), and the other one only goes on black squares (this bishop is dark-squared).
everyone knows that the horse walks with the letter "G". He jumps horizontally or vertically through the cell and immediately goes to the adjacent side field of a different color.
The knight is the only chess piece that can jump over other pieces.
Here's how it can happen.
Queen the strongest figure. He combines the moves of the rook and the bishop and can, from the place where he is, go to any available field vertically, horizontally or diagonally.
The queen can go to any square indicated by the arrows, but can also take the black rook or bishop. To do this, one or another figure is removed from the board, and the queen is put in its place.
Pawn - each of the opponents has 8 of them. Pawns move only one cell forward along the vertical (if it is not occupied by one's own or someone else's piece). But from the initial position, each pawn can go to two squares at once in the whole game. Among other pieces, only a pawn beats other people's pieces not as it moves, but obliquely - one square forward diagonally.
All possible pawn moves are shown here.
What is castling
Once during the game, each of the kings (white or black) may ro-ki. She does it this way. The king moves towards one of the rooks through one square, and the rook moves through it and becomes close.
Here is an example of the white king castling.
Castling on the kingside is called short, on the queen - long.
If the king has moved at least once, castling is impossible in both directions. Also, you cannot castle with a rook that has abandoned its place. Castling is temporarily not possible if the king at that moment is under attack by an opponent's piece, and also if a square is under attack, which the king must occupy or cross.
It is also impossible to castle when there is another piece between the king and the rook with which the castle is planned.
Taking on the pass
If a pawn makes a two-square move from its original position and crosses a square that is under attack by an enemy pawn, then the latter can capture the moving pawn. In this case, the moving pawn is removed from the board, and the attacking pawn does not take its place, as happens in all other cases, but on the “broken” field, which it jumped over.
The details of this strange move are shown in the figure.
Checkmate
If any piece - queen, rook, bishop, knight or pawn - attacks the king, then such an attack is called check. It is imperative to defend against a check on the next move. There are three ways to protect. You can move away with the king, destroy the attacking piece, or put your own piece between it and the king.
All three defenses against the check of the black rook are possible. White can take the king away, capture the attacking rook with the bishop, or block the king with the rook.
If none of the methods of defense against the sha-ha can be performed (you cannot take away the king, destroy the attacking piece, or shield the king with your piece), then the king is checkmated, the game ends.
The game is considered won if it is possible to checkmate the opponent's king, or if the opponent surrenders himself.
Download the chess rule book(downloads: 12703)
Chess is played on a 64-cell board: 8 horizontal rows, numbered with numbers, and 8 vertical rows, marked with Latin letters from A to H. The fields of the chessboard are divided into black and white, they are painted in dark or light colors, respectively. Each field has its own address - the intersection of the vertical letter and the horizontal number. The board is placed between the players so that the dark corner field is to the left of the player, for example, the A1 field for white, the H8 field for black.
Rules of the game of chess. , their initial position
Two people play chess, each has a starting set of 16 pieces, one has a light color - white, the other has a dark color - black. At the beginning of the game, the chess player has the following pieces: king, queen, 2 bishops, 2 knights, 2 rooks and 8 pawns. The player playing with white places his pieces on the first two horizontals, black is located on the 7th and 8th horizontal.
I will describe how to arrange the pieces using the example of white: put your 8 pawns on the second horizontal, rooks in the corners, horses next to them, bishops behind them, and already in the center of the first horizontal there are a queen and a king. In order not to confuse on which central squares of the first line the queen and king stand, there is such a rule - the queen loves her color, that is, if you play white, then the queen goes to the white field D1, if black, then to black - D8.
Chessmen. From left to right - King - Queen - Bishop - Knight - Rook - Pawn Rules of the game of chess. moves
A move is the movement of one's piece from the field where it stands to another free field or a field occupied by an opponent's piece. In the second case, someone else's piece is removed from the board, one's own piece is put in its place, and this action is called a capture, or in a simple way "they ate the piece." You cannot go to the fields where your own figure stands. Pieces, with the exception of the knight, cannot jump over their own or others. Each piece moves according to its specific rules.
So, how do the figures move:
— Pawn moves only forward, if this is her first move, then she can move two fields, in the future she can only move 1 cell. The pawn eats on 1 square diagonally, obliquely forward.
Pawn move, next move - capture someone else's pawnA pawn has the opportunity to capture someone else's pawn if, on the first move, the opponent's pawn passes the square, stopping on which it could be captured - this is called a capture on the aisle. When capturing on the aisle, someone else's pawn is removed from the board, and yours is placed on a square on which a pawn could be captured.
A pawn move, and the next move is a capture on the aisle If the pawn reaches the last rank (for white it is the eighth, for black it is the first), then it turns into any other piece, with the exception of the king, at the request of the player. For example, your pawn reaches the end, you remove it from the board and put the queen on the same square.
— Rook moves to any field vertically or horizontally (left - right, top - down).
— Elephant moves to any square diagonally, while if the bishop initially stood on a white square, then it is called a light-squared bishop and it moves only along the light squares of the diagonals. Similarly with the dark-squared bishop.
— Queen- the strongest piece in chess, can move to any field vertically, horizontally and diagonally.
— King- can only move 1 square in any direction.
But he cannot go to beaten squares - these are squares on which your piece can be eaten by the opponent's next move.
The king has a special move in interaction with the rook, it is called castling. If the king has not moved since the beginning of the game, then it can castle with the rook. The king moves 2 squares to the side, and the rook stands next to it.
Short castling 
Castling long — Horse moves with the Russian capital letter "G" in any direction, that is, two cells vertically and one horizontally, or two horizontally and one vertical. The knight is the only chess piece that can jump over both its own and other people's pieces.
Rules of the game of chess. Goal, win or draw
The chess players take turns making moves, with White taking the first move. A game of chess continues until a win or a draw. You win if you checkmate your opponent. To better understand what checkmate is, let's start by looking at the concept of check.
Shah- this is a move after which the enemy king is on the field you beat, that is, under the threat of being eaten. Such a move means to give (declare) check to the king. The king in check must next move eliminate the check, for example, move to another square or defend against the check with his piece or capture the piece giving the check.
check with bishop Mat- this is when the king is in check and cannot eliminate this check, that is, the player who made an irresistible check checkmate the opponent.
White checkmate The game ends in a draw if there is no way to checkmate, for example, one has only a king left, and the second has a king and a bishop or a king and a knight. It is impossible to checkmate with one knight or bishop, so a draw is fixed. If one of the players puts Pat, then this is also considered a draw.
White makes an erroneous move and it turns out to be a draw, since Pat is on the board Pat- this is when a position appears on the board in which the opponent cannot make a move. A stalemate is similar to a checkmate, with a very important exception, with a checkmate there is a check, and with a stalemate there is no check.
The most common misconceptions about the rules of chess are possible.
There are 6 types of pieces in a chess game - king, queen, rook, knight, bishop, pawn. At the beginning of the game, each player has 16 pieces at his disposal: a king, a queen, two rooks, two bishops, two knights, and eight pawns. There are 32 pieces on the board in total.
The starting position of the shapes looks like this:
Pawn
The pawn, the only piece that can only move forward, cannot move backward. The face value of a pawn is 1 point.
In the initial position (white - on the 2nd horizontal, black - on the 7th) the player can move the pawn one or two squares forward. After the first move, the pawn can only be moved forward one square at a time. A pawn can beat the opponent's pieces one square forward diagonally to the right and left. A pawn captures pieces according to one rule, but moves differently. This is what distinguishes her from other figures.
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There are two interesting rules in chess associated with the pawn. The essence of the first rule is as follows. (8th for white and 1st for black) and promotes to any piece except the king. Such a transformation is one move, and the next move goes to the opponent.
The second rule is a capture on the aisle. On its move, a pawn can capture an opponent's pawn if it has moved .
On fig. 3 white pawn moved two squares forward. The black pawn can capture the white pawn and land on the attacked square, and not on the square where the white pawn has landed, as happens with ordinary captures. It is possible to capture on the aisle only during the next move, after a move this right is lost.
Horse
The knight walks along an unusual trajectory resembling the letter "G" - it moves 2 cells forward and one cell to the side. Of all the pieces, only the knight can jump over its own and other people's pieces. The knight can attack any enemy piece, being out of reach for them. When struck, the knight takes the place of the captured figure. The nominal value of a knight is 3 points. Located in the center of the board, it has 8 moves available, while in the corner box it has only 2.
In real life, "to make a knight's move" means to perform some unusual or cunning step.
Elephant
The bishop is a strong, long-range figure. The Bishop has a face value of 3 points and is roughly equal in strength to a Knight. This comparison is somewhat arbitrary, since in an open position the bishop can be stronger than the knight, and in a closed position the knight is often stronger than the bishop. The knight and the bishop are referred to as "light pieces" in chess.
The elephant walks and strikes in all directions diagonally to any number of squares, as shown in the figure. An elephant that walks on white squares is called light-squared, and on black - black-squared.
Rook
The rook, like the queen, is considered a heavy piece. Its face value is 5 points. and hits vertically and horizontally on any number of cells.
A specific move in a chess game is castling. Castling is correctly performed as follows - the king is moved 2 squares to the rook and the rook is moved behind the king. Castling can be done under the following conditions:
- the king and the rook, with which castling takes place, have not made any moves in the game before;
- there are no other pieces on the horizontal line between the king and the rook;
- the king is not attacked by an opponent's piece;
- the square through which the king moves and the square on which he stands are not under the blows of the opponent's pieces.
Long castling is carried out in the direction of the queenside, short - in the direction of the king.
You can't move the rook first. There is a rule in chess: take it - move. If you first move the rook to the king, the opponent has the right to demand that the move be considered completed, and castling will not take place. Castling is the only move in chess where two pieces play the same move.
Queen
The queen is the strongest piece in chess, with a face value of 10 points. The queen moves in all directions vertically, horizontally and diagonally to any number of cells on the board. The queen is an important piece. He is strong and mobile, effective in attack and defense. The queen must be protected from the blows of the opponent's pieces. Losing a queen or exchanging it for a piece of less value leaves little chance of winning.
Equally, a queen can be exchanged for a queen, two rooks, or three minor enemy pieces. There are cases when an experienced chess player deliberately gives up the queen to achieve a certain goal in the game. It's called "sacrifice". Novice amateurs should remember that the queen must be kept and used as the strongest piece.
King
The king is the most important piece in chess and has no face value. The game is lost, when the king dies, he will get a checkmate. The king cannot be kept under attack by enemy pieces. He needs constant protection. Like the queen, the king moves and strikes vertically, horizontally and diagonally, but only one cell in any direction. Located in the middle of the board, the king holds 8 squares under attack.
At the end of the game, when there are an order of magnitude fewer pieces on the board, the strength of the king becomes approximately equal to the strength of a minor piece.
A check is a position where the king is under attack by an opponent's piece. The king cannot. You need to go to another field, defend yourself with your piece, or simply beat the opponent's piece that declared check.
On fig. 10 the white king can get away from the check, the bishop can cover the king, the queen can beat the black rook.
The game ends when the king gets checkmate. This means that the king is under attack (check) and he has nowhere to go - the free squares are under attack by the opponent's pieces.
A curious situation in the game - stalemate. The king is not in check, but he has nowhere to move - all free squares are under attack by the opponent's pieces. Other pieces also have no moves.
In this case, the game ends in a draw.
According to the accepted scoring system, there are 1 point for a win, 0.5 points for a draw, and 0 points for a loss.
Some figures have a double name. Before the revolution, the bishop was called an officer, the rook was called the round, the queen was called the queen. Among chess players, these names are not widespread, sometimes they are used by amateurs.