How to determine 1 g of boric acid. Using boric acid for tomatoes, spraying
How to properly use boric acid in a suburban area, whether it is possible to spray flowers with boric acid, as well as other useful information about this essential microelement, read our material.
The range of applications of boric acid is quite wide. In medicine, it acts as an antiseptic, in photography - as a component of the developer. Boric acid is used to get rid of cockroaches, produce glass, and use it in nuclear reactors and jewelry. But we are primarily interested in how boric acid is useful for plants and why it is needed in the country.
Signs of boron deficiency
Boron is an important trace element necessary for normal plant development. It has a positive effect on metabolism, promotes the production of chlorophyll, and helps roots “breathe.” The effects of boron starvation are easy to notice in dry weather. To identify boron deficiency, inspect the plant, paying special attention to young parts.
The plant urgently needs treatment with boric acid if the following “alarm signals” are detected:
- chlorotic spots on young foliage, leaf veins turn yellow;
- leaves become smaller, curl and fall off;
- apical buds inhibit growth, lateral buds, on the contrary, enhance;
- the plant blooms weakly, the fruits set poorly;
- fruit deformation (ugly shape);
- in pome crops, suberization of fruits is observed;
- death of bark on shoots or entire tops.
Plant growth is suppressed, and if measures are not taken in time, you may lose the harvest. But you shouldn’t overuse fertilizer: with an excess of boron, although plant fruits ripen faster, they are stored worse, and the leaves run the risk of getting burned.
How to use boric acid?
Boric acid is used for seed treatment and plant nutrition. To speed up seed germination, boric acid is diluted in a proportion of 2 g per 10 liters of water, the seeds are placed in a fabric bag and immersed in the solution for a day.
Seeds of zucchini, cucumbers and cabbage are soaked in boron solution for 12 hours.
Depending on the extent to which a particular crop needs boron, plants are divided into 3 groups:
- Minor degree: herbs, legumes, strawberries, potatoes (we’ll talk about the last two crops separately).
- Average degree: most green and vegetable crops, stone fruit trees, berry bushes.
- High degree: cabbage, pome trees, beets.
Plants first group, as a rule, they are fed only in case of boron starvation (pre-sowing application of fertilizer to the soil is also appropriate).
Potatoes and garden strawberries (strawberries) are among the group of plants that have little need for boron, and yet a lack of the microelement can significantly affect these crops. At the slightest sign of boron starvation in potatoes, watering the plants with boric acid will help (6 g of fertilizer per 10 liters of water, this amount of solution is enough to treat 10 sq.m.). Read about strawberries below.
For crops second group Foliar fertilizing with boric acid (2 g per 10 liters of water) twice per season is suitable: the first time - at the stage of bud opening, and then 5-7 days later (the stage of ovary formation).
Third group plants need boron fertilizing more than others. In areas with fertile soil, crops are traditionally sprayed with a 0.01% solution, in areas with less fertile soil - 0.02%. For poor soils, the concentration should be increased to 0.05-0.1% (5-10 g of boric acid per 10 liters of water, consumption 1 liter per 1 sq.m). The application schedule for most crops is the same as for the second group.
Pome fruits are treated with boric acid three times: at the beginning of budding, at the beginning of flowering, and after the flowers fall off, when the fruits begin to fill.
Boric acid: instructions for use
Boron does not dissolve in cold water, so the water must be heated to prepare the solution. In order not to heat 10 liters of water (which, you see, is not very convenient), there is a little trick. A solution of boric acid is prepared as follows:
- the required amount of the substance is dissolved in 1 liter of hot water (70-80°);
- the resulting “mother” solution is cooled and water is added to it to 10 liters.
How many grams of boric acid are in a teaspoon?
Typically, a sachet contains 10 g of boric acid, and a standard teaspoon holds half of the entire serving - 5 g. Be careful when working with boron and, if possible, use a spoon that is not suitable for food (or wash the spoon thoroughly after measuring substance).
How much is 1 gram of boric acid?
As they say, we asked - we answer. To measure 1 g of suspension, lay a sheet of paper on the table and carefully pour 1 tsp onto it. boric acid. Then, using, for example, a knife or a flat stick, divide the powder into 5 equal parts. Leave one part (this is 1 g), put the rest in a bag.
How to feed plants with boric acid
In most cases, spraying with boric acid is used. "Three pillars" of foliar feeding:
- evening time;
- warm cloudy weather;
- fine spray.
When spraying a plant, do not get carried away: “dew” on the leaves and branches is a sign to stop. Dripping should not be allowed.
Watering the soil with a solution of boric acid is acceptable for emergency assistance to the plant (this mainly applies to potatoes and strawberries). You need to water the plant from a watering can and strictly at the root, so that the drops do not fall on the plant itself.
Boron suspension in its pure form is not used in the garden - there is a risk of burning the plant or, conversely, “losing” the fertilizer in the soil.
Boric acid for tomatoes (tomatoes)
Typically, tomatoes are fed with boric acid solution three times. The first time - before flowering, when the buds have already formed (1 g of powder per 10 liters of water, consumption 1 liter per 1 sq.m.). Then boric acid for the ovary is applied during flowering (no less than 10 days after the first, the concentration is the same), and the final feeding occurs at the fruiting stage.
At the very beginning of the fruiting phase, tomatoes can be fed with a mixture that includes ash, iodine and boric acid. The feeding is prepared as follows:
- in 5 liters of boiling water, dilute 1.5-2 liters of wood ash and 10 g (1 sachet) of boric acid, mix thoroughly, cool, then add water to the solution to make 10 liters;
- pour 1 bottle of iodine into the solution and leave the mixture to infuse for a day;
- Before use, dilute 1 liter of infusion in 10 liters of water to obtain a working solution.
Application rate: 1 liter per bush. Such fertilizing will not only speed up fruiting, but also increase the resistance of tomatoes to late blight.
Boric acid for cucumbers
Cucumbers are fed according to the same scheme as tomatoes, the solution concentration is 0.05% (5 g of boric acid per 10 liters of water). Boron improves the taste of cucumbers, stimulates the formation of ovaries and the development of fruits. This microelement also improves frost and drought resistance of plants, and also helps strengthen the root system of cucumbers.
Fertilizing strawberries with boric acid
The first feeding is carried out in early spring: 1 g of boric acid is dissolved in 10 liters of water (previously filled with a small amount of hot water) and 1 g of potassium permanganate, and the strawberry beds are watered, using the solution for 30-40 bushes. The second feeding is carried out before flowering, at the stage of bud extension. Plants are sprayed with a mixture prepared according to this recipe:
- prepare an extract from wood ash (pour 1 glass of ash into 1 liter of boiling water, stir and leave for 24 hours, then strain the infusion);
- in 10 liters of water add 2 g of boric acid (previously dissolved in a small amount of hot water), ash extract and 2 g of potassium permanganate.
Consumption - 0.3-0.5 l per 1 bush. This solution is also used for obvious signs of boron deficiency in strawberries.
Boric acid for flowering
Boron is indispensable not only in the vegetable garden, but also in the flower garden. Ornamental plants are also fed with a solution of boric acid. The optimal concentration for spraying most types of flowers is 0.5 g per 10 liters of water. For root feeding, prepare a “stronger” solution: 1-2 g per 10 liters of water.
Boric acid for ants (against ants)
Boric acid will help control ants on the site. Here are a few bait recipes:
- Grind 0.5 tsp. boric acid and 2 egg yolks. Roll the mixture into small balls (no larger than a pea) and place along the ant trails.
- Grind 3 boiled potatoes (in their jackets) with 3 egg yolks. Add 1 tsp. sugar and 10 g of boric acid, mix. Roll balls and place them in ant habitats.
- Mix 2 tbsp. glycerin and 1 tbsp. water, add 1.5 tbsp. sugar, 1/3 tsp. boric acid and 1 tsp. honey Form into balls.
dry ingredients(loose, solid products) are usually indicated in grams or measured in glasses, teaspoons or tablespoons. Well, everything is clear with grams.
If you have a kitchen scale, then you probably know what to do. If there are no scales, then we need to somehow convert our grams into glasses or spoons, based on how much of a particular product is required. It is more convenient to measure larger quantities in glasses. This is where it will help us food weights table beaker faceted no need compact. Volume teaspoon should be 5 ml, and dining room
Quantities liquid products
If you don't have a cut glass in your kitchen, use a measuring glass. Look for the 200 and 250 ml marks. For clarity, they can be emphasized with a bright marker. If you need a cup of flour, add it to the bright line. Of course, if the required amount of flour is a multiple of 200 grams, then it is more convenient to use a measuring cup (flour scale). At the same time, spoon the flour into the glass, rather than scoop it up. In the latter case, voids may form. It is more convenient to measure small amounts of flour with a tablespoon. A spoonful of flour is a heaped spoonful. Flour should be sifted only after the amount required for the recipe has been measured, since sifted flour does not fit so tightly.
how many grams
| Product | 1 tablespoon | 1 teaspoon | 1 glass, faceted 200ml (up to the rim) |
1 glass of tea 250 ml (to the brim) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jam | 45 | 20 | 270 | 330 | |
| Water | 18 | 5 | 200 | 250 | |
| LEGUMES: | Peas | 25 | 10 | 174 | 220 |
| Beans | 30 | 10 | 185 | 230 | |
| Lentils | 25 | 7 | 170 | 210 | |
| Dried mushrooms | 10 | 4 | |||
| Jam | 40 | 15 | — | — | |
| Baker's yeast | — | 5 years | — | — | |
| Gelatin (powdered) | 15 | 5 | — | — | |
| Raisin | 25 | — | 130 | 165 | |
| Cocoa powder | 15 | 5 | 130 | — | |
| Potato starch | 12 | 6 | 130 | 160 | |
| Natural ground coffee | 20 | 7 | 80 | 100 | |
| Cornflakes | 7 | 2 | 40 | 50 | |
| GREATS: | "Hercules" | 12 | 3 | 70 | 90 |
| Buckwheat (kernel) | 25 | 8 | 170 | 210 | |
| Corn | 20 | 6 | 145 | 180 | |
| Manna | 25 | 8 | 160 | 200 | |
| Oatmeal | 18 | 5 | 135 | 170 | |
| Rice | 25 | 8 | 185 | 230 | |
| Pearl barley | 25 | 8 | 185 | 230 | |
| Wheat | 20 | 6 | 145 | 180 | |
| Millet | 25 | 8 | 180 | 220 | |
| Sago | 20 | 6 | 145 | 180 | |
| Barley | 20 | 7 | 154 | 180 | |
| Liquor | 20 | 7 | — | — | |
| Citric acid (crystals) | 25 | 8 | — | — | |
| Poppy | 15 | 4 | 120 | 155 | |
| 15 | 4 | 180 | 230 | ||
| Pasta | — | — | 190 | 230 | |
| Honey | 35 | 12 | 265 | 325 | |
| Vegetable oil | 17 | 5 | 180 | 225 | |
| Butter | 50 | 30 | — | — | |
| Ghee butter | 20 | 6 | 190 | 240 | |
| Honey (liquid) | 30 | 9 | 330 | 415 | |
| 18 | 5 | 200 | 250 | ||
| Condensed milk | 30 | 12 | 220 | 300 | |
| Powdered milk | 20 | 10 | 100 | 120 | |
| Semolina flour | 20 | 7 | 145 | 180 | |
| Corn flour | 30 | 10 | 130 | 160 | |
| Wheat flour, rye | 25 | 8 | 130 | 160 | |
| NUTS: | Peanuts, shelled | 25 | 8 | 140 | 175 |
| Walnuts (kernel) | 30 | 10 | 130 | 165 | |
| Cedar | 10 | 4 | 110 | 140 | |
| Almond (kernel) | 30 | 10 | 130 | 160 | |
| Crushed nuts | 20 | 7 | 90 | 120 | |
| Hazelnut (kernel) | 30 | 10 | 130 | 170 | |
| Cereals | 14 | 4 | 100 | 180 | |
| Wheat flakes | 9 | 2 | 50 | 60 | |
| Jam | 36 | 12 | — | — | |
| Curdled milk | 18 | 5 | 200 | 250 | |
| Sour cream 10% | 20 | 9 | 200 | 250 | |
| Sour cream 30% | 25 | 11 | 200 | 250 | |
| Melted lard | 20 | 8 | 200 | 240 | |
| Granulated sugar | 25 | 8 | 160 | 200 | |
| Powdered sugar | 25 | 10 | 140 | 190 | |
| Cream 20% | 18 | 5 | 200 | 250 | |
| Condensed cream with sugar | 30 | 13 | — | — | |
| Drinking soda | 28 | 12 | — | — | |
| Juices (fruit, vegetable) | 18 | 5 | 200 | 250 | |
| Salt | 15 | 5 | 260 | 325 | |
| SPICES: | Ground cloves | — | 3 | — | — |
| Whole cloves | — | 4 | — | — | |
| Mustard | — | 4 | — | — | |
| Dry mustard | — | 3 | — | — | |
| Ground ginger | — | 2 | — | — | |
| Ground cinnamon | 20 | 8 | — | — | |
| Allspice peas | — | 5 | — | — | |
| Ground allspice | — | 4.5 | — | — | |
| Ground black pepper | 12 | 5 | — | — | |
| Black peppercorns | — | 6 | — | — | |
| Ground crackers | 20 | 5 | 110 | 130 | |
| Dried fruits | — | — | — | 80 | |
| Cottage cheese, fatty, low-fat | 17 | 6 | — | — | |
| Dietary cottage cheese, soft | 20 | 7 | — | — | |
| Curd | 18 | 6 | — | — | |
| Tomato paste | 30 | 10 | — | — | |
| Tomato sauce | 25 | 80 | 180 | 220 | |
| Vinegar | 15 | 5 | 200 | 250 | |
| BERRIES: | Cowberry | — | — | 110 | 140 |
| Cherry | 30 | 5 | 130 | 165 | |
| Blueberry | — | — | 160 | 200 | |
| Blackberry | 40 | — | 150 | 190 | |
| Strawberry | 20 | — | 120 | 150 | |
| Cranberry | — | — | 110 | 140 | |
| Gooseberry | 40 | — | 160 | 210 | |
| Raspberries | 20 | — | 145 | 180 | |
| Red currants | 35 | — | 140 | 175 | |
| Black currant | 30 | — | 125 | 150 | |
| Cherries | 30 | — | 130 | 165 | |
| Blueberry | — | — | 160 | 200 | |
| Mulberry | 40 | — | 135 | 195 | |
| Dried rosehip | 20 | 6 | — | — | |
| Tea | 12-15 | 4 | — | — | |
| Egg powder | 25 | 10 | 80 | 100 | |
Potassium permanganate (or potassium permanganate) is used in everyday life for various purposes: as a remedy in a home medicine cabinet, for removing stains from fabrics and for cleaning dishes. In this case, it is not the potassium permanganate crystals themselves that are used, but a water-based solution.
Depending on the intended purpose (oral intake, external skin treatment, household use), a solution of potassium permanganate requires different concentrations: as a rule, from 0.1% to 5%. A stronger solution (as well as contact with crystals on the skin, especially in combination with moisture) can cause severe irritation and even burns.
How to measure 1 gram of boric acid? How to weigh a drug without scales?
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Preparation
In order to make a 5% solution of potassium permanganate, it is worth considering that:
- When working with potassium permanganate, it is better to protect your hands with gloves to avoid contact of the concentrated substance with the skin;
- To prepare the solution, it is better to use clean (boiled) water, warm (with a temperature of about 35-40 degrees);
- To get a 5% solution, you need to pour 5 grams of potassium permanganate into 100 ml of water. Usually crystals are sold in containers of 3 g - this dose will require 60 ml of water;
- After the crystals have dissolved, strain the solution to avoid getting any remaining crystals on your skin. For straining, you can use gauze folded in several layers;
- The finished 5% solution should turn out to be a deep purple color. Used for external use when cooled (to room temperature).
If the solution is made with distilled water, it can be stored in a dark place for up to six months.
Usage
A 5% solution of potassium permanganate is considered quite strong. However, it has also found its area of application. Most often, it acts as a potent antiseptic for serious skin lesions. This solution is used:
- For treatment (cauterization) of deep wounds;
- For disinfection and speedy healing of bedsores;
- For healing the navel in newborns, if less potent drugs (brilliant green, hydrogen peroxide, etc.) have not helped;
- For washing wounds from the bites of some poisonous spiders or snakes;
- For lotions for severe thermal burns.
Such a strong solution cannot be used internally - this can cause damage to the mucous membranes of internal organs. Potassium permanganate should be on hand in your home (and travel) first aid kit.
Neutralization
If crystals of potassium permanganate do get on the skin, or a strong solution of potassium permanganate is drunk, its oxidizing effect must be neutralized. To do this you need:
- Drink or apply milk or the whites of raw fresh eggs to the skin lesions;
- Rinse the stomach (if taking potassium permanganate orally). Warm water with crushed activated carbon is used;
- Consult a doctor: both in case of external and internal burns. If taken orally, you will need to adhere to a strict diet for some time.
This article is provided for informational purposes only and should not be used as a guide to action without prior consultation with a qualified specialist in the relevant field (doctor).
When we find a new recipe for ourselves, on the Internet or a new cookbook, or perhaps a friend shared it, then first of all we pay attention to the products needed for cooking, and especially to their proportions. Quantities dry ingredients(loose, solid products) are usually indicated in grams or measured in glasses, teaspoons or tablespoons. Well, everything is clear with grams. If you have a kitchen scale, then you probably know what to do. If there are no scales, then we need to somehow convert our grams into glasses or spoons, based on how much of a particular product is required. It is more convenient to measure larger quantities in glasses. This is where it will help us food weights table. It will also be needed for reverse recalculation, when it is more convenient for us to measure all quantities using scales, rather than dirty glasses and spoons. But it is important to remember that in recipes adapted for Russia, a glass does not mean beaker(minimum volume - 300 ml), and regular faceted(volume up to the marks - 200 ml, to the edges - 250 ml). In this case, the glass must be filled exactly to the line where the edges end, no need compact. Volume teaspoon should be 5 ml, and dining room- 18 ml. We scoop dry products with a heaped spoon.
In foreign culinary literature, quantities are measured not in glasses, but in cups. But this doesn’t really change anything, since a cup is the same glass, filled to the brim - the same 250 ml. If you often come across recipes with "cups" instead of "glasses", then you will find the following information useful.
In this case, we use a measuring cup, or buy ourselves a special set of measuring spoons. Fortunately, these are on sale.
Quantities liquid products indicated either in ml or in glasses, spoons. Sometimes the value is indicated in grams. If glasses are indicated - take a faceted glass, spoons are indicated - use them, milliliters are indicated - take a measuring cup, grams are indicated - use scales, or use the table to determine how many glasses or spoons are needed. And again, the table of food weights comes to our aid. Liquid foods should fill spoons to the brim. Scoop viscous products with a heaped spoon.
If you don't have a cut glass in your kitchen, use a measuring glass. Look for the 200 and 250 ml marks. For clarity, they can be emphasized with a bright marker. If you need a cup of flour, add it to the bright line. Of course, if the required amount of flour is a multiple of 200 grams, then it is more convenient to use a measuring cup (flour scale). At the same time, spoon the flour into the glass, rather than scoop it up. In the latter case, voids may form. It is more convenient to measure small amounts of flour with a tablespoon. A spoonful of flour is a heaped spoonful.
How to weigh 1 gram without precise scales
Flour should be sifted only after the amount required for the recipe has been measured, since sifted flour does not fit so tightly.
How to measure the right amount of product is up to you to decide. We hope our summary table will help you when preparing your meals. For your convenience, the products in the table are arranged in alphabetical order. Some foods are grouped (legumes, cereals, nuts, etc.). The table indicates how many grams the product is contained in a certain volume.
| Product | 1 tablespoon | 1 teaspoon | 1 glass, faceted 200ml (up to the rim) |
1 glass of tea 250 ml (to the brim) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jam | 45 | 20 | 270 | 330 | |
| Water | 18 | 5 | 200 | 250 | |
| LEGUMES: | Peas | 25 | 10 | 174 | 220 |
| Beans | 30 | 10 | 185 | 230 | |
| Lentils | 25 | 7 | 170 | 210 | |
| Dried mushrooms | 10 | 4 | |||
| Jam | 40 | 15 | — | — | |
| Baker's yeast | — | 5 years | — | — | |
| Gelatin (powdered) | 15 | 5 | — | — | |
| Raisin | 25 | — | 130 | 165 | |
| Cocoa powder | 15 | 5 | 130 | — | |
| Potato starch | 12 | 6 | 130 | 160 | |
| Natural ground coffee | 20 | 7 | 80 | 100 | |
| Cornflakes | 7 | 2 | 40 | 50 | |
| GREATS: | "Hercules" | 12 | 3 | 70 | 90 |
| Buckwheat (kernel) | 25 | 8 | 170 | 210 | |
| Corn | 20 | 6 | 145 | 180 | |
| Manna | 25 | 8 | 160 | 200 | |
| Oatmeal | 18 | 5 | 135 | 170 | |
| Rice | 25 | 8 | 185 | 230 | |
| Pearl barley | 25 | 8 | 185 | 230 | |
| Wheat | 20 | 6 | 145 | 180 | |
| Millet | 25 | 8 | 180 | 220 | |
| Sago | 20 | 6 | 145 | 180 | |
| Barley | 20 | 7 | 154 | 180 | |
| Liquor | 20 | 7 | — | — | |
| Citric acid (crystals) | 25 | 8 | — | — | |
| Poppy | 15 | 4 | 120 | 155 | |
| Mayonnaise, margarine (melted) | 15 | 4 | 180 | 230 | |
| Pasta | — | — | 190 | 230 | |
| Honey | 35 | 12 | 265 | 325 | |
| Vegetable oil | 17 | 5 | 180 | 225 | |
| Butter | 50 | 30 | — | — | |
| Ghee butter | 20 | 6 | 190 | 240 | |
| Honey (liquid) | 30 | 9 | 330 | 415 | |
| Milk, fermented baked milk, kefir, yogurt | 18 | 5 | 200 | 250 | |
| Condensed milk | 30 | 12 | 220 | 300 | |
| Powdered milk | 20 | 10 | 100 | 120 | |
| Semolina flour | 20 | 7 | 145 | 180 | |
| Corn flour | 30 | 10 | 130 | 160 | |
| Wheat flour, rye | 25 | 8 | 130 | 160 | |
| NUTS: | Peanuts, shelled | 25 | 8 | 140 | 175 |
| Walnuts (kernel) | 30 | 10 | 130 | 165 | |
| Cedar | 10 | 4 | 110 | 140 | |
| Almond (kernel) | 30 | 10 | 130 | 160 | |
| Crushed nuts | 20 | 7 | 90 | 120 | |
| Hazelnut (kernel) | 30 | 10 | 130 | 170 | |
| Cereals | 14 | 4 | 100 | 180 | |
| Wheat flakes | 9 | 2 | 50 | 60 | |
| Jam | 36 | 12 | — | — | |
| Curdled milk | 18 | 5 | 200 | 250 | |
| Sour cream 10% | 20 | 9 | 200 | 250 | |
| Sour cream 30% | 25 | 11 | 200 | 250 | |
| Melted lard | 20 | 8 | 200 | 240 | |
| Granulated sugar | 25 | 8 | 160 | 200 | |
| Powdered sugar | 25 | 10 | 140 | 190 | |
| Cream 20% | 18 | 5 | 200 | 250 | |
| Condensed cream with sugar | 30 | 13 | — | — | |
| Drinking soda | 28 | 12 | — | — | |
| Juices (fruit, vegetable) | 18 | 5 | 200 | 250 | |
| Salt | 15 | 5 | 260 | 325 | |
| SPICES: | Ground cloves | — | 3 | — | — |
| Whole cloves | — | 4 | — | — | |
| Mustard | — | 4 | — | — | |
| Dry mustard | — | 3 | — | — | |
| Ground ginger | — | 2 | — | — | |
| Ground cinnamon | 20 | 8 | — | — | |
| Allspice peas | — | 5 | — | — | |
| Ground allspice | — | 4.5 | — | — | |
| Ground black pepper | 12 | 5 | — | — | |
| Black peppercorns | — | 6 | — | — | |
| Ground crackers | 20 | 5 | 110 | 130 | |
| Dried fruits | — | — | — | 80 | |
| Cottage cheese, fatty, low-fat | 17 | 6 | — | — | |
| Dietary cottage cheese, soft | 20 | 7 | — | — | |
| Curd | 18 | 6 | — | — | |
| Tomato paste | 30 | 10 | — | — | |
| Tomato sauce | 25 | 80 | 180 | 220 | |
| Vinegar | 15 | 5 | 200 | 250 | |
| BERRIES: | Cowberry | — | — | 110 | 140 |
| Cherry | 30 | 5 | 130 | 165 | |
| Blueberry | — | — | 160 | 200 | |
| Blackberry | 40 | — | 150 | 190 | |
| Strawberry | 20 | — | 120 | 150 | |
| Cranberry | — | — | 110 | 140 | |
| Gooseberry | 40 | — | 160 | 210 | |
| Raspberries | 20 | — | 145 | 180 | |
| Red currants | 35 | — | 140 | 175 | |
| Black currant | 30 | — | 125 | 150 | |
| Cherries | 30 | — | 130 | 165 | |
| Blueberry | — | — | 160 | 200 | |
| Mulberry | 40 | — | 135 | 195 | |
| Dried rosehip | 20 | 6 | — | — | |
| Tea | 12-15 | 4 | — | — | |
| Egg powder | 25 | 10 | 80 | 100 | |
Instructions on how to measure 2 grams (g, g) of water - this is how many drops, SEE TABLE 1, we measure dosages in grams, how to calculate the number of drops of water in 2 grams (g, g).
There is an approximate way to measure 2 grams (grams, g) of water in drops, without weighing on a scale. Technically, measuring grams of water in drops is not difficult - you just need to count the required number of drops. To do this we need to know the ratio of grams to drops. More precisely, we need to determine the weight (mass) of 1 drop of water, which is well-known reference information that we use to determine a portion by weight in grams. You do not need to repeat the calculations yourself; just look at our instructions - “how to measure at home”, located below the text of the article. How many drops in 2 g (g, grams) of water are indicated in the table. Do not forget that the method of measuring in drops is not only an approximate option for determining weight in grams, since it depends on the shape of the hole in the vessel, but also works best only when measuring 2 grams (grams, g) of distilled water. The more impurities, salts, and additives in a liquid, the less accurate the measurement method turns out to be. Method for measuring 2 g (g, grams) of water in drops, has its own methodological features for performing measurements. When used by professionals, for example: used in laboratory and pharmaceutical settings. What are the features of the laboratory technique for determining the weight of water in grams without scales? For example, pharmacists measure grams (g, g) in drops using a special tool - a dispenser. In the pharmaceutical reference book, where the ratio of ml, grams and drops is considered in the most detail, accurately and correctly, this does not refer to any drops, but specifically to those obtained when using a dispenser. Your own water droplets will likely vary slightly in size, volume and weight (mass). How many drops of water are in 2 grams (g, g) is not considered an exact value also because the method is based on a statistical generalization of the results of experimental studies (measurements). In each specific measurement, the counted number of drops is different, but always close to the average value indicated in Table 1.
How to weigh Altai medicinal herbs, roots and mumiyo
How to measure 2 grams (g, grams) of water - how many ml (milliliters). In grams we measure the weight (mass) of a liquid, and in milliliters we determine the volume.
How to measure a portion of water in grams, for example, measure or count 2 g (g, grams) using milliliters for calculation? For water, just for it and only, there is a very convenient ratio of the weight (mass) of the liquid in grams (g, g) and volume in milliliters. The number of ml and the number of grams are the same. It is worth clarifying that for other liquids this ratio of weight in grams and volume in milliliters will be different. Moreover, if we are not dealing with a distillate, then number of milliliters (ml) in 2 grams of water will differ from the indicated grams in Table 1. For domestic conditions, when we need approximate calculations of the amount of g of water, dosage in grams or approximate portion in g, a completely correct option is to use reference data on the number of milliliters of water (ml) in 2 g of liquid from table 1.
It is convenient to measure some portions of water in grams with a syringe or dispenser with a scale in cubic centimeters (cm3, cubes, cubes). Questions may arise with Converting cubic centimeters of water to grams or milliliters. Milliliters (ml), like cubic centimeters (cm3), are units of volume measurement, with the difference that the former are used to measure volumes of liquids only, while cubic centimeters are more universal units and are used to determine the volumes of both liquids and solids , bulk materials, gases, vapors and so on. In general, converting milliliters of liquid to cubic centimeters is a relatively simple mathematical problem. However, without constant practice, converting or converting into cubic centimeters (cm3) can cause some difficulties for any normal person. Therefore, we indicated in the table how many centimeters of cubic water are in 2 g (grams, g) a separate column. By the way, for water, the number of cubic centimeters and the number of milliliters turns out to be the same, which is useful to simply remember and use at home when measuring portions.
How to measure 2 grams (grams, g) of water - this is how many tablespoons and how many teaspoons. The instructions will help you measure weight in grams and determine the mass of a portion of water without weighing it on a scale.
It is quite possible that you will find it convenient way to measure 2 g (g) of liquid with a spoon, based on the use of a tablespoon or teaspoon when measuring weight, calculating quantities, or determining servings. How to measure 2 grams (g) of liquid with a spoon, in our case, is based on measuring the number (how many) milliliters. And between milliliters and units of weight (g, g) there is a mathematical connection that allows you to recalculate the units. Spoons, both tablespoons and teaspoons, although their capacity is considered standard, cannot be considered precise measuring instruments for measuring volume in milliliters. Still, spoons are primarily cutlery. However, at home, tablespoons and tea spoons are actively used to measure not only volumes, but also weight (mass). At least, the question: how many tablespoons and teaspoons arises quite often. Naturally, we could not “bypass” it by indicating in the table a separate category (column) for tablespoons and teaspoons. The number of teaspoons is given by the first digit, and the number of tablespoons by the second digit, separated by a slash. It should be noted that measuring portions of water with spoons is relatively convenient and the inevitable errors of this method turn out to be relatively small. This means small compared to powders and bulk materials. Water in a spoon, due to its physical properties, does not create a large slide. Although there is a small mound in a spoonful of water, its size is safely neglected when measuring milliliters (ml) with a tablespoon or teaspoon. There is another type of spoon - dessert spoon, they are larger in size than teaspoons, but smaller than tablespoons.
Liquid volume units such as ml are used for small quantities of water. Large volumes are measured in liters and cubes (cubic meters, cubic meters, m3). There is a standard correspondence between milliliters, liters and cubic meters used in calculating the volume of liquid substances. We do not list the number of cubes (cubic meters, cubic meters, m3) in the table in a separate column. The calculation, if it is necessary to convert liters (l) to cubes (m3), can be easily done independently using the ratio: one cubic meter of any substance always holds 1000 liters (l). For 2 grams (g, grams) of water, we indicated in the table how many liters (l) it is - quantity. That is, it is not necessary to convert or convert milliliters to liters; you can find out the number of liters (l) from the reference data in the instructions (see Table 1).
How to measure 2 grams (grams, g) of water - this is how many standard glasses with a capacity of 250 milliliters and how many standard faceted glasses with a capacity of 200 ml.
We measure water at home not only with drops, tablespoons and teaspoons. When the volume or weight of water we need becomes large enough, it becomes more convenient to measure the amount of liquid with other kitchen tools. For example: measure in cups and glasses. You can use cups to measure liquids if you know their capacity. Manufacturers of tableware, as a rule, do not try to make cups standard in volume. But for glass glasses it is customary to maintain a standard container. Glass glasses are often called that - standard, standard tableware. There are two types of standard glass glasses: thin-walled and faceted glasses. They vary slightly in shape and appearance. However, for measuring portions, it is not the shape that is more important, but the fact that the glasses have different capacities. Not everyone knows that a standard thin-walled glass is 50 ml (milliliters) larger in volume than a faceted glass. To be precise, a standard thin-walled glass has a volume of 250 ml, and the capacity of a standard faceted glass is 200 ml. 2 grams (g, grams) of water in glasses see table 1.
Table 1. How to measure 2 g (g) of water - how many drops, how many tablespoons, teaspoons, cubic centimeters (cm3), how many liters, milliliters (ml) and glasses (with a capacity of 200, 250 ml).
Volumetric measures of berries and fruits
Volumetric measures of berries and fruits often needed when preparing various delicacies from them: preserves, marmalade, marmalade. After all, you don’t always have scales at hand, and this product is often perishable. Well, if you don’t have a measuring cup, you can replace it with a simple half-liter jar. It contains two 250 gram glasses. Accordingly, if you divide the jar in half (for example, with a wax chalk or marker), it will be 1 measuring cup.
| Average weight of 1 piece in grams | |||
| Apples diameter 5cm | 90 | Apricots | 26 |
| diameter 6.5 cm | 130 | Pear | 140 |
| diameter 7.5 cm | 200 | Peaches | 85 |
| Plum | 30 | Garden strawberries | 8 |
| Potato | 100 | Carrot | 75 |
| Bulb onions | 75 | Ground cucumbers | 100 |
| Tomatoes dm 5.5 cm | 75 | Parsley root | 50 |
| diameter 6.5 cm | 115 | Beet | 200 |
| Radish | 200 | Turnip | 200 |
| Cabbage head | 1500 | Cauliflower | 800 |
| Garlic | 20 | Eggplant | 200 |
How to weigh without scales
You don’t always have measuring cups and scales at hand, but you need to weigh your food. Therefore, you can use the secrets of our grandmothers.
To do this, take two pans of different sizes.
How to measure the right amount without scales (with spoons and glasses)
An object whose mass is known is usually placed in a smaller pan, for example a pack of salt (1 kg).
The pan with the item is lowered into a large pan filled with water.
The water level rises, we mark it with tape or wax chalk.
Then we remove the salt (or other item) from the pan and place the mass of the product that we need to find out.
The water rising to the marked level will show that their mass is equal.
A lot of food in a spoon.
We often think about how many calories we consume per day.
Many also have a table of caloric content of foods.
But how can you measure the mass of the food itself if you don’t have scales?
You can use a simple method - find out the mass of food in an ordinary tablespoon.
After all, most of us use this device, and of course a fork.
But for the sake of the purity of the experiment, we will neglect the rules of etiquette and use a spoon for 2-3 days.
1 tablespoon contains:
Vinaigrette or salad - 30 g
Meat pieces - 25 g
Side dish - 35 g (stewed cabbage, mashed potatoes, rice or buckwheat porridge, pasta)
Soup - 20-25 g (depending on its thickness)
Sliced wheat or rye bread 1 cm thick - 50 g
Sliced white loaf 1 cm thick - 15 g
...Homemade food | For the curious…
How many grams are in a teaspoon?
To measure small amounts of food, it is recommended to use a teaspoon. 1 standard size teaspoon holds only 5 ml of water.
How to measure 1 g of dry fertilizer
It is water that is taken as the basis for measurement. Due to the huge variety of teaspoons of different volumes, before starting measurements, it is necessary to measure the volume of a teaspoon with a measuring cup or beaker. Finding out how many grams are in a teaspoon of a particular product is not at all difficult. You just need to scoop up a heaping amount of the required ingredient. It is possible to measure sugar and salt, tea and coffee, as well as butter, flour and even honey. A teaspoon is especially often used to measure soda, vinegar or yeast, since a significant deviation of these ingredients in dishes, as a rule, is simply unacceptable.
Table of weights and measures
Measure of food weight in grams
| Product | Teaspoon - 5 g |
|---|---|
| Mushrooms | |
| Dried mushrooms | 4 |
| Cereals | |
| Hercules | 3 |
| Buckwheat | 8 |
| Corn grits | 6 |
| Semolina | 8 |
| Oatmeal | 5 |
| Pearl barley | 8 |
| Wheat groats | 6 |
| Millet groats | 8 |
| Rice groats | 8 |
| Barley groats | 6 |
| Rice | 8 |
| Sago | 6 |
| Oatmeal | 6 |
| Cornflakes | 2 |
| Oat flakes | 4 |
| Wheat flakes | 2 |
| Oils and fats | |
| Melted margarine | 4 |
| Melted animal butter | 5 |
| Vegetable oil | 5 |
| Butter | 30 |
| Melted butter | 8 |
| Ghee | 8 |
| Rendered lard | 8 |
| Milk and dairy products | |
| Kefir | 5 |
| Curd mass | 6 |
| Milk | 5 |
| Condensed milk | 12 |
| Powdered milk | 10 |
| Ryazhenka | 5 |
| Cream | 10 |
| Sour cream 10% | 9 |
| Sour cream 30% | 11 |
| Diet cottage cheese | 7 |
| Fat cottage cheese | 6 |
| Soft cottage cheese | 7 |
| Low-fat cottage cheese | 6 |
| Flour and flour products | |
| Potato flour | 10 |
| Corn flour | 10 |
| Wheat flour | 8 |
| Beverages | |
| Water | 5 |
| Cocoa powder | 5 |
| Ground coffee | 7 |
| Liquor | 7 |
| Juices | 5 |
| Nuts | |
| Peanuts, shelled | 8 |
| Cedar | 4 |
| Almond | 10 |
| Crushed nuts | 7 |
| Hazelnut | 10 |
| Seasonings | |
| Gelatin | 5 |
| Citric acid (crystalline) | 8 |
| Potato starch | 6 |
| Poppy | 4 |
| Powdered sugar | 10 |
| Baking soda | 12 |
| Ground crackers | 5 |
| Tomato paste | 10 |
| Vinegar | 5 |
| Sweets | |
| Jam | 20 |
| Jam | 15 |
| Honey | 9 |
| Jam | 12 |
| Fruit puree | 17 |
| Sauces | |
| Mustard | 4 |
| Mayonnaise | 4 |
| Tomato sauce | 8 |
| Spices | |
| Ground cloves | 3 |
| Unground cloves | 4 |
| Ground cinnamon | 8 |
| Allspice (peas) | 5 |
| Ground pepper | 5 |
| Black pepper (peas) | 6 |
| Granulated sugar | 8 |
| Salt | 10 |
| Berries | |
| Strawberries | 5 |
| Fresh rowan | 8 |
| Dry rosehip | 6 |
| Eggs | |
| Egg powder | 10 |
It often happens that crops stop developing, leaves become brittle and wrinkled, flowers do not form, and fruits turn out to be small and deformed. This indicates boron starvation of plants, and to cope with this, the correct use of boric acid is necessary.
After treatment with boron, the roots of the plant are supplied with oxygen, calcium enters all the fibers of the plant, the volume of chlorophyll increases, and metabolic reactions are accelerated.
Spraying seeds before planting, stimulates their germination.
Plants are able to consume boron only in the form of a solution - boric acid.
After fertilizing tomatoes and crops in the garden, Yield increases by 1/3, taste quality is improved, and the shelf life of fruits is extended.
Mechanism of action
The microelement boron, entering the plant, accelerates biochemical processes and helps saturate it with nutrients. Acid is most often used as a spray, since boron ions in plants tend to migrate very slowly.
Fertilizer is used for many crops:
- Potato tubers are processed before planting. This is necessary to protect the culture from scab disease.
- It is recommended to spray tomatoes during the period of flowering and bud formation. Thanks to processing the number of ovaries will increase, and the sugar content and taste will improve, and the size of the fruit will be larger.
- Beets can be fertilized to increase yield.
- Apple and pear trees are sprayed to increase yield and reducing the fall of ovaries.
- For strawberries, this fertilizer is necessary for better fruit formation, increased sugar content, and protection against gray rot.
- After spraying, the grapes will have many more ovaries than without it.
- The rose will bloom longer, the buds will become larger, and fungal diseases will not appear.
- Gladioli will also not get sick with fungus; their number of bulbs will increase.
- Dahlias, thanks to boron, will become larger. Therefore, there will be a need to garter flowers.
Using boric acid in the garden
Fertilizer is used on all types of soil and for most garden and fruit crops. If you feed them in a timely manner, rapid growth and strengthening are guaranteed.
For complete dissolution, boric acid must be diluted in one liter of hot water. After cooling, you need to bring the solution to the required amount by adding water.
Application for fruit trees
Apple and pear trees should have high concentration boron But you cannot oversaturate them, otherwise the lower leaves may get burned.
To treat trees you need to dilute 15 grams of powder per 10 liters of water. You need to spray the entire crown at sunset twice: when the buds open, then a week later.
Use on vegetables and tomatoes
For tomatoes, it is better to use the solution during the appearance of ovaries and the formation of green fruits. 10 grams of acid diluted in 10 liters of water.
Cucumbers are treated with a solution of 5 grams boric acid and 2 grams of manganese sulfate per 10 liters of water.
Pepper is fertilized three times during the growth period on moist soil at the rate 1 gram for 10 liters of water.
Beets are fed in the phase of appearance of 5-6 leaves, then after 2 weeks. On 1 gram take 10 liters of water.
Application on beds with berries
Timely fertilization with boric acid improves the growth of berry crops, helps them become strong, increases fruiting, preserves the harvest and makes them resistant to negative conditions, as well as pests and infections.
Before planting strawberries, the material must be kept for 2 days in a solution, for the preparation of which 0.2 grams powder is consumed per 1 liter hot water.
Strawberries are fed 3 times:
- In early spring 1 gram of potassium permanganate and 1 gram of boric acid should be diluted in 10 liters of water. Then you need to water the roots of the plants, it will be enough for about 35 bushes.
- Before flowers form it is necessary to spray the berry crop. To prepare the fertilizer, take 5 grams of boron powder per 10 liters of water.
- During the flowering period, strawberries can be sprayed or spilled on their root system with a nutrient solution. To do this, pour 1 glass of wood ash into 2 liters. boiling water, stir and let stand for 2 hours. Then add 3 grams of potassium permanganate, 3 grams of boric acid, 1 tablespoon of iodine and 8 liters of water.
To enrich raspberries and strawberries with nutrients in early spring, you can take a bucket of water with a pink solution of potassium permanganate, add boric acid on the tip of a knife, and mix everything thoroughly.
Safety precautions when working with the product
It is believed that this fertilizer in small quantities will not harm humans. But when working with it, you need to use special clothing, gloves and a respirator. After completion, you must thoroughly wash your face and hands with soap.
Fertilizer may easily ignite, therefore it is unacceptable to leave it in the fire zone. It is recommended to close the packaging well and use a dark and cool place for storage.
Compatibility with other drugs
Boric acid is compatible with many fertilizers. The main condition when preparing a solution with other substances is that the concentration of the powder is halve.
First aid for poisoning
Boric acid, if ingested by a person, can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, rash, and redness. If fertilizer accidentally gets into the stomach, you should drink several glasses of water and induce vomiting.
If it gets on an open area of skin, it must be wash with soap.
An experienced gardener who promptly detects signs of boron starvation in garden crops will definitely feed them with boron. The use of boric acid is beneficial for all plants. Indeed, thanks to its action, the harvest is rich, the taste of the fruit improves, and the shelf life is extended.
Part solution included boric acid at a concentration of 5, 10, 20 or 30 g/l, as well as 70% ethyl alcohol in a volume of up to 1 l.
Boric acid powder- this is 100% active ingredient.
Release form
Alcohol solution for external and local use 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%. It has the appearance of a transparent liquid without color and with a characteristic alcoholic odor.
Powder for external use 2, 10, 20 and 25 g. It is a crystalline substance or shiny scales that are greasy to the touch.
pharmachologic effect
Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics
It provokes the coagulation of microbial cell proteins and disrupts cellular permeability.
Absorbed through mucous membranes, wound surfaces, damaged skin, as well as through enteral administration. Penetrates into many tissues and organs and can accumulate in them.
Elimination occurs slowly (with regular use, boric acid accumulates). About half of the substance is excreted in the urine within 12 hours, the remaining amount is excreted within 5-7 days.
A five percent aqueous solution inhibits phagocytosis, a solution with a concentration of 2-4% retards the growth and development of microorganisms.
The product has an irritating effect on granulation tissues and mucous membranes. When absorbed, it provokes the development of systemic toxic effects. There are descriptions of deaths caused by the use of boric acid on damaged skin and accidental ingestion of the product.
When re-entering the child's body - after breastfeeding, if the breast was previously treated with a solution of boric acid - disturbances in the functional state of the kidneys are possible, hypotension And .
Indications for use: what is Boric acid used for?
Application alcohol solution indicated for the treatment of ears (in particular, the remedy is used for otitis - acute or chronic), diaper rash, (including getting wet), pyoderma , .
Application Boric acid powder Suitable for skin diseases and ear diseases. In addition, the powder is used to prepare an aqueous solution, which is used to wash the eyes when conjunctivitis (prepared according to an extemporaneous recipe - immediately before use).
Contraindications
In pediatrics, it is prescribed to children over one year of age.
Restrictions for use are:
- extensive area of skin surface damage;
- lactation (during treatment, the woman should stop breastfeeding).
Side effects
Side effects associated with the use of Boric acid are expressed in the form of symptoms of acute and chronic intoxication:
- nausea and/or vomiting;
- skin rashes;
- headache;
- confusion;
- desquamation (scaly peeling) of the epithelium ;
- reducing the volume of urine output ( oliguria );
- development state of shock (rarely).
Boric acid: instructions for use
Instructions for use of Boric acid
At dermatitis And weeping eczema they use lotions using a 3% aqueous solution, which is prepared from powder according to an extemporaneous recipe (i.e. immediately before use, in Latin - extempore).
In ophthalmology for cavity rinsing conjunctival sac of the eye a two percent solution is used.
In gynecology, the powder is used for disinfectant douching of the vagina. To do this, a tablespoon of Boric acid is diluted in a liter of warm water (optimal temperature 37-40 degrees Celsius).
During the procedure, the woman should lie with her knees bent and legs apart on a bed or couch. Esmarch's mug is filled with the required volume of liquid and hung so that it is approximately 75 cm above the level of the vagina (this will ensure a weak flow of liquid during douching).
After the air has been released from the tube, insert the tip into the vagina to a depth of 5-6 cm and open the clamp.
For greater effectiveness, you should remain in a lying position for some time after the procedure. Initially, douching is carried out twice a day - in the morning and in the evening, as the patient's condition improves, the number of procedures is gradually reduced: first to 1 per day, then to 3, 2 and 1 per week.
An alcohol solution, according to the instructions, is prescribed for treating the affected eczema or pyoderma skin, as well as - in the form of drops or turundas soaked in a solution - when otitis . The course duration is usually 3-5 days.
How to dilute Boric acid?
To prepare an aqueous solution, use 3 grams of Boric acid powder and 4-5 tablespoons of hot boiled water.
When the medicine has cooled to room temperature, soak a gauze pad with it and cover the affected area of skin.
Application of Boric acid in the ear
For the ears Boric acid in powder is used for insufflations (infusions) after surgical treatment of diseases of the middle ear.
Before treating the ear, it is necessary to clean the ear canal and the outer part of the ear from earwax and dirt with a piece soaked in a 3% solution bandage or cotton swab.
It is also possible to simply inject a few drops of peroxide into the ear, gently rub the auricle at the base of the tragus and, turning the patient’s head to one side, remove all discharge from it.
Before instilling a solution of Boric acid into the ear, it must first be warmed to body temperature. The patient's head is placed with the affected ear up, and then 3-4 drops of medicine are injected into the ear canal with a pipette. In order for the drug to be evenly distributed in the ear, you need to lie with your ear up for 10 minutes.
The remaining solution is removed from the outer part of the ear with a dry cotton swab. If necessary, Boric acid is also instilled into the other ear.
During the day, the procedure is repeated 3 to 5 times. The course usually lasts no more than 1 week and sometimes, according to indications, treatment is supplemented with prescription antibacterial agents for local use. The latter are instilled into the ear canal an hour after the boric acid solution is introduced into the ear.
In some situations, to prolong the effect of the drug, the doctor may recommend placing gauze flagella (turundas) soaked in a solution in the ear at night.
Use of Boric Acid for Acne
To disinfect pores, remove blackheads and excess sebum, you need to apply the solution to a cotton swab twice a day and wipe the problem areas with it.
Girls who used Boric acid from acne , - reviews and photographs are convincing confirmation - they note that in the first days the skin condition often worsens, but after 5-7 days of regular use, the face noticeably cleanses, and the skin becomes more even and smooth.
When quantity acne and blackheads will decrease, you can switch to one-time wiping of the skin, targeted use of the solution.
The product is suitable for systematic care, since there is no effect of skin getting used to Boric acid.
For the face, the solution can be used both in pure form and as part of “talkers”. One of the most beloved by cosmetologists is “chatter” based on (2 g), Bornoy And (2 g each), 95% alcohol (up to 100 ml).
To prepare another “chatter” for a face with problem skin, you should mix purified sulfur and (7 g each) s Salicilova And Boric acid (50 ml each).
Why is Boric acid used in folk medicine?
The use of Boric acid in traditional medicine is indicated for otitis , conjunctivitis and a number of skin diseases. In folk medicine, the drug is also used as a remedy for sweaty feet and to treat pityriasis versicolor .
Treatment pityriasis versicolor or multicolored (beach) lichen carry out a ten-day course, lubricating the affected areas of the skin twice a day with a solution of boric acid powder.
To prepare the medicine, pour 1 teaspoon of powder into a glass of hot water and dissolve it until the solution is completely saturated (until the powder stops diluting and crystals fall out).
At hyperhidrosis boric acid powder is generously sprinkled on the fingers and soles of the feet. To wash away the remaining crystals, wash your feet every evening with warm water. To eliminate the unpleasant odor, 2 weeks of regular use of the drug is usually sufficient.
Why is boric acid needed in everyday life and industry?
Wikipedia states that the uses of boric acid are very diverse.
In agriculture, it is used as a fertilizer (boron fertilizer is especially valuable for grapes), as well as for spraying tomatoes and a number of other crops.
In laboratories, the substance is used to prepare buffer solutions, in nuclear reactors - as a neutron absorber dissolved in the coolant, in photography - in solutions and gels for developing and fixing photographic images, in the food industry of some countries - as a preservative E284.
In foundries, boric acid acts as a binder in the acid lining of furnaces, and also protects against jet oxidation when casting magnesium-based alloys. Jewelers add it to soldering fluxes.
In everyday life, boric acid is used to kill cockroaches and ants. In addition, it is used for fishing: mixed with bread and thrown to fish for feeding. According to fishermen, the fish “get drunk” from such a treat and float to the surface.
Overdose
To date, no cases of overdose have been observed with external use.
Acute poisoning due to accidental ingestion of Boric acid is accompanied by:
- nausea;
- vomiting;
- depression of the central nervous system and circulatory system;
- decreased body temperature;
- diarrhea ;
- erythematous rash ;
- shock and development .
Within 5-7 weeks there is a possibility of death.
Symptoms of chronic intoxication are:
- exhaustion;
- local tissue swelling;
- disorders of the menstrual bleeding cycle;
- anemia ;
- convulsions .
The patient is prescribed symptomatic treatment, hemo- And peritoneal dialysis , blood transfusion.
A dose of 5 to 20 g is lethal for an adult. Such a wide range is due to the fact that the substance is excreted from the body by the kidneys. Consequently, the better this paired organ works, the easier a person will tolerate poisoning.
Since kidney function in children is relatively underdeveloped (and the younger the child’s age, the more pronounced this underdevelopment), boric acid is most dangerous for young children and, in particular, for newborn infants.
Interaction
Cases of drug interactions for external use have not been described.
Terms of sale
Over the counter.
Storage conditions
The optimal temperature for storing Boric acid is considered to be from 15 to 25 degrees Celsius. The substance is toxic, so it should be stored out of the reach of children.
Best before date
special instructions
What is boric acid?
Boric or orthoboric acid, in accordance with the value of its dissociation constant, is a weak acid. Acid properties are determined not by the abstraction of the H+ proton, but by the addition of the hydroxide anion.
Boric acid is easily replaced by most other acids from solutions of their salts (borates). Salts are produced, as a rule, from polyboric acids, the acid properties of which are much more pronounced (for example, tetraboric acid H2B4O7).
The formula of the substance is H₃BO₃. The name in Latin is Acidum boricum.
Use of Boric acid in gardening
Boric acid has found wide use in vegetable gardens and gardens as a microfertilizer for a wide variety of crops.
The use of boron preparations in gardening and horticulture for pre-sowing treatment of seeds, basic application to the soil before planting seed, spraying and foliar feeding of plants during the growing season helps to improve the nutrition of the ovaries and increases the flow of sugars to the sexual reproductive organs of plants.
Dicotyledonous plants, which include almost all fruit and vegetable crops, absorb 10 times more boron than cereals, which belong to the class of monocotyledonous plants. The largest amount of microelement accumulates in the pulp of apples.
The most sensitive to boron deficiency are grapes, potatoes, tomatoes, fodder root crops, pears, apple trees, and sugar beets. If its supply is insufficient, the growth point is suppressed, the internodes are shortened, the fragility of the leaf petioles increases, the tubers grow small and some crack, the growing point of the stem in tomatoes turns black and the fruits become covered with brown spots of dead tissue, fruit necrosis develops on apple trees and pears.
The effectiveness of using boron as a fertilizer for plants is highest on sod-podzolic and peat soils.
Spraying tomatoes, strawberries, cucumbers, and cabbage with boric acid helps to increase the ovary and stimulates the formation of new growth points, increases the concentration of vitamins in fruits and increases the resistance of crops to adverse meteorological conditions.
Feeding tomatoes and strawberries (as well as a number of other fruits, berries and vegetables) with boric acid can reduce the likelihood of diseases associated with boron deficiency (including hollow stems and red/brown rot in cauliflower; heart rot, scab and cork tissue in root crops, scab on root crops).
How to spray grapes and other fruit and berry plants? The greatest increase in yield can be achieved by spraying twice: during the period of bud setting and during flowering.
For treatment, use a solution of boric acid (5-10 g) and zinc sulfate (5 g). Even a one-time procedure before flowering can increase plant productivity by 20-36%. The addition of boric acid mixed with superphosphate during the softening period of the berries helps to increase the sugar in the berries and improve their taste.
Boric acid for ants and cockroaches
Boric acid for cockroaches is used in several ways. Each of them is based on the fact that the insect will eat the substance. When a cockroach enters the body, boric acid provokes dehydration. Death after contact with the powder or eating bait occurs within 1-3 days (the poison acts most quickly on young individuals).
Most often, the product is simply sprinkled on all baseboards in the house, as well as other places where insects may appear. If you succeed, you can sprinkle the powder on the cockroach: when it returns to the nest, it will “infect” its other relatives.
The correct way to use the powder involves spraying it in a thin layer through a special spray bottle or bottle.
If using a plastic bottle with a flat cap, add a few small coins to the powder (they will loosen the product each time you shake the bottle), then cut a small hole in the cap. Use rubber gloves when spraying the product.
Having closed the hole in the cork with your fingers, you need to shake the bottle several times (a mist of powder will float inside). Now you can remove your finger from the hole and lightly squeeze the bottle so that the powder particles from the bottle are sprayed over the surface to be treated. All crevices, cracks and baseboards need to be treated (especially in the bathroom and kitchen), as well as the area around the sink and refrigerator.
Another popular recipe against cockroaches involves using powder (50 g) with 1 chicken egg yolk. Balls are formed from the resulting mixture, which are then laid out in the favorite habitats of cockroaches.
In addition, you can fight cockroaches by placing cardboard boxes sprinkled with a mixture of boric acid and flour near baseboards, water pipes and radiators. It is very important that insects do not have a chance to get to the water: unlike ants, cockroaches cannot do without water. To do this, you should thoroughly wipe the sinks at night and tighten all the taps well.
Boric acid affects ants at the level of the nervous system. After absorption in the intestines of insects, the substance begins to spread along their peripheral nerves and seriously disrupts the functioning of the nervous system. After a few hours, disturbances lead to paralysis and then death of the ant.
Grains of the product cling to the legs of insects and thus end up in the anthill. That is, an ant that runs through a scattering of boric acid not only becomes infected itself, but also infects those ants that do not leave the colony.
Precautionary measures
Boric acid should not be used to wash mucous membranes, as this can lead to the death of the patient.
You should know that the minimum concentration at which it manifests itself antimicrobial effect Boric acid is a concentration of 2%, while others antiseptics show activity already at a concentration of 0.005-0.1% ( — 0,005%, — 0,05%, Furacillin — 0,01%, — 0,1%).
Boric acid is tasteless and odorless and does not have an irritating effect, but it is a general cellular poison. It is relatively harmless to humans only due to its high stability in the body.
If 1 drop of a two percent solution contains 1 mg of boric acid, then when 2 drops of the medicine are instilled into both eyes 5 times a day, the child will receive a toxic dose of the substance within 10 days of treatment.
Use during pregnancy
Boric acid is contraindicated during pregnancy. Even a single intake of a non-toxic dose of a substance into the mother’s body can provoke pathological changes in the fetus.
Modern fertilizers are increasingly replacing time-tested substances. The effectiveness of using boric acid for tomatoes has been known for a long time. From the article you can learn about the rules for using fertilizing and contraindications.
Using modern fertilizers, gardeners often forget about the simplest, most affordable and no less effective means. Boric acid is one of these fertilizers that, when used in the garden, can increase the yield and healthy appearance of plants. Boric acid is often used for tomatoes; spraying it helps accelerate ripening and increase the number of ovaries.
Boron is one of the elements necessary for the full growth and ripening of tomato fruits. Before you start using boric acid in your garden plot, you should understand how it affects the quality of the crop.
- Increase in the number of ovaries. The use of boron as a fertilizer increases the number of ovaries and accelerates the formation of tomato growth sites. Thus, the potential amount of harvest on each treated bush increases.
- Increase in sugar content. Chemical processes in tomato fruits under the influence of boron-based fertilizers lead to an increase in sugar levels. The taste of tomatoes becomes richer and sweeter. At the same time, its natural taste parameters are not lost.
- Nitrogen absorption. A sufficient amount of boron in plants allows for better absorption of nitrogen compounds. After treating plants with fertilizers, they quickly acquire a healthy appearance. The use of boric acid for tomatoes (spraying) for the ovary allows you to obtain beautiful and healthy tomatoes in large quantities.
- Boosting natural immunity. A sufficient concentration of boron in plants improves not only the external, but also the internal condition of tomatoes. Healthy plants are better able to resist various diseases and pests, which means there is no need to use dangerous chemicals.
Excess boron in plants
Despite the beneficial effects that appear when using boron as a fertilizer, such fertilizers should be used only when there is a lack of it in the soil. Oversaturation with boron leads to negative consequences.
A large amount of boron in the soil contributes to the appearance of leaf burn. They begin to change their shape, the edges curl inward. After some time, the leaves begin to turn yellow and fall off.
Thus, instead of increasing the fertility of tomatoes, you can get a decrease in it, and in some cases this will lead to the death of the plants. If boric acid was chosen as a top dressing for tomatoes (spraying), the dose of the drug must be observed first.
Manifestations of boron deficiency
The first sign that tomatoes are sorely lacking boron is the dying off of the growing points. In these places, noticeable darkening forms on the stems of the bushes. There is an active emergence of new shoots from the roots, but the leaves on them are too brittle and fall off even from accidental contact.
Dead areas appear on mature fruits. Most often they can be observed on the tops of tomato fruits.
The best way to prevent these symptoms is prevention. In areas that are constantly cultivated and fertilized, such phenomena practically do not occur. Therefore, do not forget about the mandatory application of fertilizers to the soil, in particular on poor soils.
At the stage of preparing seeds for planting, they should be soaked in boric acid. For its production, 0.2 g is used. per liter of water. Seeds should be soaked for 1 day.
Preparation of boric acid solution
- Boric acid for tomatoes (spraying, how to dilute) dissolves well in warm water. To create a complete foliar feeding, add 10g to a bucket of water. boric acid.
- To improve the seed material, 0.2 g is taken before planting. powder per 1 liter of water. The seeds should be kept in a solution prepared in advance for 24 hours.
- Before directly planting the seedlings in open ground, boric acid, previously dissolved in water, is added to the holes. The drug is prepared at the rate of 2g. boric acid per 10 liters of water.
In terms of harmlessness to humans, boric acid occupies one of the first places. Therefore, contact with skin will not cause harm if this happens during the preparation of the solution. Taking large amounts of boric acid internally is considered more dangerous. Boron tends to be retained in the body.
Spraying tomatoes
The use of boric acid as foliar feeding is considered the most effective method of fertilizing tomatoes. Boron is absorbed through the leaves several times faster than through the root system.
Thus, by spraying the plants with a solution of boric acid, the effectiveness of the procedure can be seen within 24 hours. We should not forget that tomatoes grown in greenhouse conditions also need fertilizing.
Boric acid for tomatoes is sprayed in the greenhouse with a small sprayer. In small spaces, the use of small sprayers is very important. The amount of solution directly depends on the age of the plants. Young plants require about 10 ml. Adults may require significantly larger amounts. The solution should be applied to the entire plant.
When treating plants in open ground, you can use sprayers with a large coverage area.
How to measure the required amount of boric acid
Boric acid is sold in 10 gram packs. This amount is just enough to prepare 10 liters of foliar feeding. However, boric acid is not always available in packages.
If you don't have a scale, making fertilizer from an unknown amount of boric acid can be a problem.
Using a simple teaspoon, you can accurately measure the required amount of dry matter. A level teaspoon of boric acid powder is equal to 5 grams. This quantity is approximate as spoons vary.
Frequency of spraying tomatoes with boric acid
Boric acid for tomatoes (spraying, how many times) is used three times during the harvest season.
- The first spraying is carried out at the moment of bud formation. During this period, buds are just beginning to form, and boric acid noticeably accelerates growth rates.
- The second spraying is carried out in the phase of maximum flowering of plants. This promotes pollination and ovary formation.
- The third spraying is carried out at the moment of mass fruiting of tomatoes. After spraying, the formed tomatoes begin to grow better, gain weight and ripen faster.
After each spraying, you should carefully monitor the condition of the plants. If they begin to look better, develop more actively, and the ovaries increase in number, then the plants respond well to fertilizing.
If the appearance has deteriorated significantly and the leaves on the tomato bushes begin to dry out and fall off, then fertilizing with boric acid is completed. It is possible that the permissible amount of boron in plants is exceeded, and further fertilizing may worsen the situation.
Use of boric acid for other plant crops
Boric acid is used equally for tomatoes (spraying) and cucumbers. There are 3 groups of plant dependence on boron in the soil:
- High dependency. This group includes apple trees, pears, cauliflower and beets.
- Average dependence. This group includes tomatoes, all types of salads, and carrots.
- Low dependency. Potatoes, strawberries, and legumes are considered the least dependent plants on boron in the soil.
Despite the fact that strawberries are included in the category least dependent on boron, its high deficiency greatly affects the yield and visual qualities of these plants.
The concentration of the solution for foliar treatment is the same for all groups. By creeping apple and pear trees, the yield increases by more than 30%. The keeping quality of the harvested crop also increases. Weather conditions have less impact on the yield of sprayed trees.
Using a boric acid solution on potatoes gets rid of fungal scab. Using 6g. boric acid per 10 liters of water shows the greatest effectiveness when initial signs appear.
When forming grape buds, use 5g. boric acid and 5g. zinc per 10 liters increases plant productivity by more than 20%. The effectiveness of this fertilizer on grapes is noticeable even with a single use.
An additional advantage is that boric acid for tomatoes (spray) can be purchased at a pharmacy or garden supply store. In gardening stores you can find boron in combination with other elements that are necessary for full growth.
Other uses of boric acid
Boric acid is used against pests. It has a contact-intestinal effect. This means that boric acid becomes more effective as its concentration increases in the intestinal system of pests.
Very often it is used to eliminate cockroaches, which begin to die a week after consuming this substance. Boric acid has obvious sterilizing properties. Thus, pests that survive boric acid lose the ability to reproduce.
Boric acid is an effective remedy against other insects that add problems to the garden - ants. The most common and simplest remedy is a mixture of sugar and boric acid. You just need to place the bait next to the anthill, and the insects themselves will destroy their settlement.
The disinfecting properties of boric acid are also known. It greatly inhibits the growth of fungi. When tomatoes are treated with a solution of boric acid, the possibility of them being affected by diseases such as late blight, gray rot and septoria is significantly reduced.