What floors can be used to build in aerated concrete houses: main types and characteristics. Floors in a house made of aerated concrete How to cover the first floor of a house made of aerated concrete

But aerated concrete also has a minus - due to its low strength, when pressure is applied to it from floors, the walls can crack. For this reason, when constructing floors in such houses, it is necessary. Next we will talk about wooden floors in a house made of aerated concrete.

Advantages and disadvantages compared to floor slabs

Wooden beams boast of being lightweight and easy to install. There is a misconception that light wooden floors do not require a reinforcing layer. This is fundamentally wrong.

For aerated concrete walls, regardless of the type of flooring, an armored belt is always required!

In the case of wooden floors, its construction will distribute the load from the beams along the entire perimeter of the walls and prevent cracking of aerated concrete from point loads.

The advantages of wooden beams are:

  1. Environmentally friendly, since wood is a renewable natural material.
  2. Small mass.
  3. Low thermal conductivity compared to concrete structures.
  4. Low price compared to other types of floors.
  5. Large assortment to choose from.
  6. Easy to install beams.

Wood also has its downsides:

  1. Fragility. Sooner or later, even the best floors can begin to rot.
  2. Low strength - wood will not be able to withstand as much weight as a concrete floor could.
  3. Flammability (natural materials are highly flammable).

Despite such significant negative qualities, wood is still chosen much more often, and here’s why: special compositions for impregnating wood can extend its service life and protect it from rotting and fire. And low strength is eradicated by using more beams and reducing the laying step.

Now let's look at concrete floors and their disadvantages:

  1. The first and most significant disadvantage is the high cost of concrete flooring. Not only are the floors themselves expensive, but their installation and transportation also requires special equipment (a crane). So you will have to pay a certain amount of money for installation. Wooden floors do not have this disadvantage - you can install them yourself. If the beams are small, then two or three people will be enough. The heavier and more massive they are, the more people will have to be involved.
  2. High weight. We have already said that installation will require special equipment. You will also need a more expensive foundation.

As you can see, all the disadvantages are related only to the price. To make your final decision, check out the article about.

Types of beams, advantages and disadvantages of each type

To build floors between floors of a building, I usually use only three types of wooden beams:

  1. Whole.
  2. Glued.
  3. I-beams.

Let's figure out which of them are most suitable specifically for each design, highlight the disadvantages and advantages of each type.

Made from solid timber

Beams made from solid timber are distinguished by their strength, but are inferior in terms of the maximum possible length. To prevent the beam from bending over time, It is recommended not to install it longer than 5 meters. That is, timber floors are suitable only for small houses.


One of the significant disadvantages is that without proper treatment, floors may begin to rot and become moldy over time. The risk of fire should not be excluded.

Attention!

From laminated veneer lumber

Beams made of laminated veneer lumber have one undeniable advantage - their length without bending can reach 12 meters.


Glued beams have the following advantages:

  1. Particular strength.
  2. Ability to cover spans up to 12 meters.
  3. Small mass.
  4. Longer service life.
  5. Do not deform over time.
  6. Relatively fireproof compared to conventional timber.

However, such material costs much more.

Wooden I-beams

I-beams considered one of the most durable and reliable due to the profile shape, because they consist of several layers, each of which is protected by various impregnations.


The advantages of I-beams include:

  1. High strength and rigidity due to its shape.
  2. No deflections.
  3. Quiet operation - structures do not creak when pressure is applied to them, unlike other types of floors.
  4. The material does not crack or dry out over time.
  5. Easy to install.

Calculation of the required cross-section depending on the span length and loads, laying pitch

The number of beams, their dimensions, and installation pitch depend directly on the area of ​​the room and the expected loads. Most experts believe that the optimal load on floors is 0.4 tons per square meter of area (400 kg/m2). This load includes the weight of the beam itself, the weight of the rough and finishing floor covering on top and the ceiling below, insulation, communications, as well as furniture and people.

The best cross-section for rectangular wooden beams is considered to have a height to width ratio of 1.4:1.

The cross-section also depends on what kind of wood the floors are made of. Now let's give average recommended values ​​for a laying step of 60 cm:

  • If the span is 2 meters, then the minimum cross-section should be 7.5 by 10 cm.
  • With a span length of 2 and a half meters, the beam should have dimensions of 7.5 by 15 cm.
  • If the span is three meters, then it is customary to use beams 7.5 by 20 cm.
  • With a beam length of 4 and 4.5 m, it is customary to use them with a section of 10 by 20 cm.
  • To build a five-meter floor, crossbars with a section of 125 by 200 mm are used.
  • The six-meter ceiling is made of beams measuring 15 by 20 cm.

If the step increases, then the size of the beam section should also be increased.

Here is a table of sections of wooden floor beams depending on the span and installation pitch, with a load of 400 kg/m2:

span (m)/
installation pitch (m)

2,0

2,5

3,0

4,0

4,5

5,0

6,0

0,6 75x100 75x150 75x200 100x200 100x200 125x200 150x225
1,0 75x150 100x150 100x175 125x200 150x200 150x225 175x250

If you do not plan to load the floors (in the case of a non-residential attic for storing light items), then lower load values ​​from 150 to 350 kg/m2 are acceptable. Here are the values ​​for an installation pitch of 60 cm:

Loads, kg/linear m Section of beams with span length, m

150

200

250

350

On the Internet you can find online calculators for calculating the load-bearing capacity of wooden beams. I will give a link to one of them: http://vladirom.narod.ru/stoves/beamcalc.html

Also, for example, you can replace one beam with a section of 100x200 with two boards 50x200, sewn together with bolts or nails every meter. They do this for various reasons:

  • beams with the required cross-section are not available for sale;
  • boards with a smaller cross-section weigh lighter, so they can be lifted to the top alone and fastened there.

It is recommended to sew the boards together so that the wood fibers are in different directions. This increases the strength of the structure.

Types of floors

Nowadays, only three types of floors are mainly used:

  1. Beam - consists of beams.
  2. Ribbed - beams laid on an edge.
  3. Beam-ribbed.

The first option is standard; it is for this that the section dimensions were described. Ribbed and beam-ribbed floors are practically not used at present due to the increased work time and complexity of the design, so we will not dwell on them.

Installation work

The main stage is, of course, the installation of beams. It implies competent preparation at the stage of construction of the first floor.

At first the wood should be pre-treated with a fire-fighting compound, as well as with an anti-rotting liquid(this must be done with the entire crossbar). This must be done immediately after purchase. If the material will lie for some time before laying, it needs to be rearranged: a row of beams, then 3-4 bars across, then the next row. This will allow the board to ventilate and dry out. This will prevent mold from appearing.

The part of the beam embedded in the wall should also be coated:

  1. Bitumen or primer.
  2. Ruberoid, roofing felt or glassine.
  3. Liquid waterproofing agent consisting of bitumen.
  4. Linocrom.

This is done due to the fact that wood in contact with concrete and blocks can absorb moisture and begin to rot over time.

For aerated concrete, an operating humidity content of 3-5% is considered normal. No matter how dry the blocks may seem, direct contact of wood with this material is unacceptable.

The beam must be embedded into the load-bearing wall at least 12 cm. The ends are cut at an angle of 70 degrees to ensure moisture removal.

Attention!

There is no need to cut off the end of the beam with waterproofing material. Otherwise, access to moisture evaporation will be blocked. It is required to leave a small air gap between the end of the beam and the wall.




Beams are laid on a reinforced surface (to enhance the strength of the structure). Instead of an armored belt, some manufacturers in small houses allow a 6x60 mm metal strip to be supported on aerated concrete with a lining.

The beams are fastened to the reinforced belt in houses made of gas silicate using anchor bolts.

To insulate the street side, insulation can be placed in front of the beam. As a rule, the outer ends of the beams are insulated from the outside with expanded polystyrene.

Filling the voids between the laid beams is done with gas blocks. Gaps of 2–3 cm are left between the gas silicate and the timber. They are tightly packed with mineral wool, thus preventing the formation of condensation and dampening of the beams.

Don't forget to consider the placement of the stairs to the second floor, since the opening must be provided immediately:

Well, that's all, the floors are ready. Now you can begin the subsequent finishing.

Post-installation finishing

After completing the construction of the floor, it is recommended to wait before starting finishing work to allow the beams to shrink. It is recommended to “hide” the ceilings behind a fine finish before the onset of cold weather so that they are not exposed to humid weather conditions.

It is also necessary to make a roof. If this cannot be accomplished before winter, then the entire structure should be covered with film or awning material, including the windows, so that moisture does not enter the building. But it is still recommended to leave small through gaps so that there is an optimal level of humidity inside the room.

Now directly to the post-installation finishing. First, a rough ceiling is made from the bottom of the ceiling. It can also be made from plywood if, for example, a suspended ceiling is to be erected in the future.

You should start from the bottom of the beam, since insulation is usually placed between the ceiling and the floor, which also acts as sound insulation.

After installing the ceiling, insulation and vapor barrier (if necessary) are placed on top. For example, if the upper and lower floors will be constantly heated, then insulation is not necessary. But it should be noted that insulation also works as sound insulation. If the second floor is an attic, then you definitely need to insulate it - otherwise the heat will escape.

After laying the insulation, you can lay the subfloor (it will help in the further construction of the building, since you will not have to install scaffolding).

Finishing must be done after windows appear in the house and it shrinks.

Wooden interfloor ceilings are one of the most optimal solutions. After all, wooden beams are strong, lightweight and at the same time cheap. They are easy to install and do not put unnecessary pressure on the walls. Main, make the calculations correctly and be sure to process the wooden structure.

To increase the strength of the structure, you can use metal I-beams instead of wood. In this case, you will need a crane for installation. And metal costs more than wood. And if you are ready for such expenses, then isn’t it easier to opt for? Since the main advantage of overlapping wooden beams in an aerated concrete house is cost savings.

Wooden floors in a house made of aerated concrete are an energy-efficient, environmentally friendly, lightweight, lightweight, durable building material that is easy to install. Beams are divided depending on their purpose into interfloor, attics and plinths. Floor beams are made from solid, laminated timber, wood with special treatment.

Advantages of wooden floors

Benefits of using a beam during the construction of buildings made of aerated concrete blocks:

  1. The low cost of materials compared to reinforced concrete structures makes it possible to reduce the cost of building construction.
  2. The low weight of building elements reduces the load on load-bearing wall panels and roofing and prevents the possibility of their deformation.
  3. Simple installation of elements, easy to fix with screws, staples, etc. You do not need to use special equipment for the work.
  4. Wood is easy to process; beams can be given different configurations to suit an architectural project. The elements can be used in buildings with bay windows.
  5. Installation work is carried out at different times of the year, including at sub-zero temperatures.

However, it is necessary to take into account the need for moisture-resistant and antiseptic treatment using special impregnations. Application of the compounds prevents the appearance of mold on wood.

There are special fire-resistant impregnations that are used to treat elements in buildings with high safety requirements in Moscow and other cities.

Types and features

Flooring over wooden beams in an aerated concrete house can be of the following types: depending on location:

  • interfloor;
  • attic;
  • basement

Interfloor

The task of interfloor elements is to separate different heated rooms with a similar microclimate.

Floors are made multilayer:
  1. Rolling from boards or wood panels. The materials are hemmed to the floors.
  2. Soundproofing layer made on plank flooring.
  3. Transverse joists fixed with nails or self-tapping screws.
  4. Floor with wooden flooring or lined with linoleum, ceramic tiles, laminate, parquet blocks, etc.
  5. To ventilate the space under the floor, you need to make a gap for exhaust ventilation.
  6. The finishing of floors in the lower part of the room can be done using lining, panels, plasterboard sheets. However, beams can be left without decoration in rooms in country, loft, and minimalist styles.

Basement

Basement ceilings are fixed above an unheated basement; the installation technology differs from the standard one.

When performing work, it is necessary to take into account the following features for plinth elements:
  1. It is recommended to treat the wooden parts of the structure, because... surfaces can be damaged by high humidity from the foundation and soil, as well as accumulating condensation.
  2. The thermal insulation layer should provide a comfortable temperature regime in living rooms. The thickness of the layer is determined in accordance with the climate of the region and the temperature regime in the base.
  3. A waterproofing film is placed under the insulating material to prevent the penetration of moisture from the basement, which reduces the thermal insulation characteristics of the building material.
  4. Then a layer of vapor barrier is laid on top of the insulating composition, which prevents the creation of condensation due to the difference in temperature conditions in the residential part and the basement.

Attics

Aerated concrete blocks are used for the construction of attic spaces. When installing floors in the attic, the waterproofing layer is located above the insulation, and the vapor barrier is placed under the insulating composition to create an optimal microclimate in the room.

When arranging the attic space, you can reduce the cost of work by laying out boards in the form of ladders or transverse coverings.

When using the space for household needs, continuous laying of boards is required. It is important to provide a dense layer of insulating composition to prevent the leakage of warm air from the residential part of the building.

Types of beams advantages and disadvantages of each type

Wooden floors in aerated concrete houses are made of the following types:

  • made of solid wood;
  • I-beam;
  • from laminated veneer lumber.

Made from solid timber

Solid wood structures are produced by sawing a single log using special machines. Then the elements are dried without special heat treatment. At the next stage, the materials are treated with antiseptic compounds and calibrated to a given size.

Finally, the products are given a clear outline. Structures are created from solid beams, characterized by increased strength. The length of the elements should not exceed 5 m, so the materials are suitable for cottages.

From laminated veneer lumber

Glulam beams undergo a multi-stage manufacturing process, which increases the strength of products by 50-70%. Cedar, spruce, pine, and larch are used in production.

Advantages of building material:
  1. Beams can reach a length of 12 m.
  2. The weight of the products is small.
  3. The service life increases because materials do not deform during operation.
  4. Glued products are characterized by increased fire resistance compared to solid wood.
  5. It is possible to prepare elements of different thicknesses.
  6. Materials are produced in different strength levels. Beams of the first grade are suitable for areas with increased stress, and where increased loads are not expected, blocks of grades 2 and 3 are used.
  7. The surfaces of the block are smooth, finely processed and do not require additional decoration.
  8. The material is environmentally friendly and does not contain harmful components.

Wooden I-beams

I-beams made of wood are characterized by increased strength, reliability, environmental friendliness, aesthetics, and durability. The materials consist of several layers treated with special impregnations. Deflections and cracks do not form in the elements, the blocks do not dry out during operation, and are easy to install.

Calculation of the required cross-section depending on the span length and loads of the laying step

The required cross-section is calculated in accordance with the loads and other operating conditions. The parameter of the number of beams, their spacing, dimensions and cross-section is influenced by the area of ​​the room and the materials used in the ceiling cladding.

The optimal cross-sectional size for elements of a rectangular configuration is a height to width ratio of 1.4:1. The size of the section is influenced by the type of wood from which the floors are made.

When observing an installation step of 60 cm, it is recommended to consider the following recommendations:
  1. For a span of 2 m, the minimum cross-sectional size is 7.5-10 cm.
  2. With a span length of 2.5 m, the average cross-sectional dimensions reach 7.5-15 cm.
  3. In spans up to 3 m, 7.5-20 cm ceilings are used.
  4. For floor beams in a span of 4-4.5 m, it is recommended to install materials with a section of 10 by 20 cm.
  5. For a span of 5 m, crossbars of 12.5 by 20 cm are used.
  6. In spans of 6 m, floors with a section of 15 by 20 cm will be required.

Installation features

Installation of beams in a building made of aerated blocks is carried out according to the following steps:

  • project preparation;
  • procurement of construction materials and tools;
  • installation work;
  • insulation of surfaces;
  • waterproofing the floor of the second floor in an aerated concrete house;
  • finishing.

Defining the Beam Section

When designing a building made of gas blocks, it is necessary to calculate the cross-section of load-bearing floors in accordance with the dimensions. It is necessary to include in the calculations the mass of furniture, accessories, the number of people living, etc.

The calculations take into account that the step between elements should not be more than 1.2 m, the span is limited by safety requirements to 6 m. The calculation can be done independently or using calculators located on construction portals.

Installation technology

Installation work is carried out subject to the following sequence of steps:

  1. Project preparation.
  2. Installation of a reinforcing belt made of reinforced concrete structures, on which beams are supported using metal plates, anchors or other fasteners. Fastenings must be treated with anti-corrosion impregnations.
  3. Then you need to cut the floors to the length specified in the project. The depth of support on the walls is not less than 12-15 cm. With the planned span length, the beams reach a length of 2.25-2.3 m.
  4. The end part of the elements is cut at an angle of 60-70°.
  5. The prepared elements are impregnated with agents to protect against mold and fire.
  6. The load-bearing panels are laid out on a waterproofing layer of roofing felt or roofing felt.
  7. A gap of 2-3 cm is required between the supporting part and the wall panels of the space.
  8. An insulating layer must be laid between the end element and the outer wall.
  9. Then the wooden floors are installed. The work is completed by laying out intermediate beams between floors.

Post-installation finishing

Post-installation finishing work involves finishing and creating a roof. Work begins with the construction of a rough ceiling from the bottom of the floors. The structure is made of plywood sheets.

Free spaces are filled with insulation and vapor barrier materials are laid. The floor of the second floor in an aerated concrete house is also waterproofed. Finishing work is carried out after installing window blocks.

Aerated concrete is a modern energy-saving material for the construction of summer houses, houses and cottages. These are lightweight slabs for building walls that can crack from excessive pressure. It is for this reason that wooden ones are the best way with the least stress. The only disadvantage of this material is its low strength.

Advantages of wooden floors

There is no need to install bulky and heavy reinforced concrete reinforcement if you do it exactly according to the aerated concrete house. After all, wooden floors are distinguished by their lightness and ease of installation.



Wooden floors of a foam block house

The advantages of wooden floors include:

  • a light weight;
  • large assortment of wood;
  • low cost;
  • simple and quick installation;
  • environmental friendliness;
  • flexibility in configuration.

Important!

When installing ceilings on the first floor, attic, basement or underground, it is necessary to treat wooden elements with anti-flammable and moisture-repellent agents. This will help avoid the occurrence of fungus and mold, and will also reduce the possibility of flammability of the floors.



Construction of a house made of aerated concrete with a wooden floor

The disadvantages include:

  • flammability;
  • the need for treatment with antiseptic and fire retardant agents.

Covering the first floor with wooden beams

Wooden floors are laid on load-bearing beams. They are usually made from glued or solid timber.


Options for arranging basement and attic floors

There are three types of floors:

  • beam;
  • ribbed;
  • beam-ribbed.

Beam floors can consist of beams on which a subfloor is laid, then insulation and decorative flooring materials.


Interfloor ceiling made of wooden beams

Ribbed ones are rarely used. This type of flooring is used if the house is built from a wooden frame. A distinctive feature is the frequent laying of ribs and sheathing. Acceptable 0.3 - 0.5 m. Acceptable fin sizes: up to 5 m length, up to 0.3 m width. The floors are sheathed using OSB boards, chipboard or plywood. Mineral wool is used as sound insulation.


Ribbed wooden floor

Beam-ribbed floors consist of beams and ribs. In this case, the ribs are laid over the beams. The number of beams in this method will be required significantly less. Wood consumption is reduced, but installation becomes more complicated.


Ribbed beam floor

Wooden floor construction

The crossbars are installed at the construction stage, simultaneously with the construction of the walls.


The height and cross-section of the beam for the ceiling depend on:

  • step frequency;
  • beam thickness;
  • the size of the load on the load-bearing floors;
  • type of wood beams.

Important!

For a span of 5 m in length, a beam measuring 18*10cm or 20*7.5cm is used. Such beams are laid every 60 cm. Under increased loads, such a section can cause deflection. Therefore, you should increase the frequency of laying beams, but do not overload the structure.


Installation of wooden floor beams

Installation of crossbars into the wall is sealed to 12 cm. The end of the beam, which is attached to the wall, must be treated with waterproofing. Air space must be left around the beam. To prevent the crossbar from sitting too rigidly, its end is cut down at a slope of 70 degrees. Wooden spacers 2 cm thick are installed under the beam to distribute the weight evenly. When wood comes into contact with various materials, a waterproofing layer is laid from:

  • bitumen agents, primer;
  • rolled roofing felt, bitumen or roofing felt;
  • liquid waterproofing agent based on bitumen;
  • linochrome


Installation of wooden beams in the walls of the house

The crossbar is extended in the form of a lock. Two bars are connected with an overlap of 50-100 cm and fastened with bolts. It is very important to make the joints above the support.


Crossbar extension

Then the structure is supplemented with heat and sound insulation. The insulating layer must adhere closely to the ceilings. Therefore, a roll is made in their lower part to secure the cranial bars with a cross section of 5*5cm. The bottom of the floor is hemmed with OSB, chipboard, plywood or plasterboard.


Ceiling insulation with mineral wool

Logs are laid along the constructed beams, and a plank floor is placed on top of them. Vibration- and noise-absorbing pads are laid under the rough coating.


Insulation between joists

To avoid sagging of the ceiling due to excessive loads on the flooring of the upper floor, the ceiling can be installed using separated crossbars. Why divide the floor structure, for which supporting beams are installed separately.

In general, the structure of a wooden attic floor pie consists of layers:

  • load-bearing beams;
  • logs, insulation, sound insulation, vapor barrier;
  • rough board flooring;
  • facing floor covering.

Wooden attic floor pie

Features of the technology for installing wooden floors

The first step in constructing a wooden floor for a house is always the calculation of the structural elements.

  1. Installation must begin along the shortest wall of the room.
  2. The flooring pitch is often 1 meter and often depends on the cross-section of the floor beam. The smaller the cross-section, the smaller the step.

Advice!

It is better to use timber with a large cross-section and a rare installation step than to install a palisade made of weak material.


Interfloor wooden floors
  1. The first beam is carefully aligned using a level. Its surface must be perfectly flat.
  2. The beam must withstand loads of up to 400 kilograms per 1 square meter of the entire area.
  3. The most acceptable size of the supporting beam is the ratio of 1.5 parts of height to 1 part of width.

Installation of interfloor wooden floors

The second step is preparation for installation.

At the stage of wall construction, it is necessary to provide attachment points for the beams of the future floor with the following parameters:

  • The crossbar spacing is 1 meter;
  • beam depth – 30 cm;
  • beam width – 30 cm.

After installation of the beam, the end sides are treated with waterproofing and insulating materials, while the air space is not filled with any additional materials, but remains free.


Wooden floor of the house - top view

The final third step is to assemble the floor pie, which consists of the following operations:

  1. Before installation, it is necessary to impregnate all wooden structural elements with moisture- and fire-resistant impregnations. The ends are not processed.
  2. Beams are carefully measured and installed around the perimeter of the room so that on both sides of the fastening there remains up to 40-50cm of the size of the room. The beams must be given a trapezoidal shape by sawing it off at an angle of 70 degrees. This technique will add strength to the structure.
  3. We install the outer beams strictly according to the level and, using a perpendicular beam, center them. The ends of the beams should not rest closely. When installing, it is necessary to leave a gap of 2-4 cm for ventilation.
  4. Having leveled and installed all the floor beams evenly, they are fixed with dry crushed stone. Then, the planting nests are concreted with a solution of crushed stone and cement.
  5. After the crushed stone-concrete screed has completely dried, thermal insulation is performed. To do this, you need to cover it with a layer of expanded polystyrene, or ecoauts; you can also use expanded clay.
  6. A hydrobarrier is laid on top of the heat-insulating layer. As a waterproofing agent you can use: liquid rubber, injection resins, bitumen mastic or seamless polyurea.
  7. Then the logs are laid. A beam 5 cm thick is used as the material for the base. A transverse layer of the subfloor is laid on top of the joists using self-tapping screws. The material for the subfloor is additionally treated with an antiseptic.
  8. For laying the ceiling we follow the same steps as for installing the floor. We glue the layer of waterproofing, secure the logs, and proceed to installing the ceiling.
  9. The final stage will be the finishing of the floor and ceiling structures.

In houses made of aerated concrete, it would not be superfluous to equip a monolithic aerated concrete belt for laying floor beams. It is created using special aerated concrete blocks, which allow the load to be evenly distributed on the load-bearing walls. It is thanks to the distribution of the load that aerated concrete slabs do not crack.

Important!

The contact zone between wood and stone material leads to the formation of condensation and subsequent rotting of wooden materials. That is why it is very important to avoid direct contact of wood with concrete and metal. Be sure to lay waterproofing material.

Installation of wooden floor beams

The low strength of aerated concrete requires the installation of a support cushion. Calculation of loads and correct selection of materials, taking into account the small thickness of the walls, significantly reduces the likelihood of cladding the external unit, but at the same time, allows for high-quality insulation with foaming compounds.

Ksenia Skvortsova. Chief Editor. Author.
Planning and distribution of responsibilities in the content production team, working with texts.
Education: Kharkov State Academy of Culture, specialty “Culturologist.” Teacher of history and cultural theory." Experience in copywriting: From 2010 to present. Editor: since 2016.

The construction of houses from aerated blocks has been very popular lately. This is due to the fact that aerated concrete blocks allow you to build a house quickly. The walls are warm, breathable, and it’s easy to get a smooth wall surface.

When determining the design of a house, the question arises as to what type of flooring is best for houses made of aerated concrete blocks. First, we will give a brief overview of the possible options, and then we will focus on wooden interfloor floors in a house made of aerated concrete.


Which cover is better?

In a house made of aerated concrete, you can install various types of interfloor floors. The most common are floors made of prefabricated reinforced concrete panels, monolithic reinforced concrete and wooden beams.

Brief characteristics of reinforced concrete floors

Reinforced concrete floors have all the characteristics necessary for floors:

  • strength;
  • durability;
  • high load-bearing capacity;
  • good sound insulation;
  • high fire resistance and non-flammability.

But, at the same time, there are a number of disadvantages that need to be taken into account when choosing a reinforced concrete floor.

Precast concrete panel floor. In the case of prefabricated reinforced concrete panels, it must be taken into account that the plan and configuration of the building do not always allow for the optimal selection of the panel of the required size. Since the panels are produced only in rectangular shapes, they cannot cover rounded areas and rooms of irregular geometric shape. Then there are areas that have to be additionally sealed with monolithic reinforced concrete. Despite the fact that the installation of reinforced concrete panels themselves is a fairly quick process, it is the installation that may become a factor due to which it will be necessary to abandon prefabricated panels, since not all areas have the opportunity for a crane to arrive to install them.

Advantages:

  • quick installation.

Flaws:

  • restrictions on size and shape;
  • the need for an entrance for the crane during installation.

Monolithic concrete floor. Monolithic flooring is convenient because its installation does not require large equipment and it can be made of any size and shape. But constructing a monolith is a very labor-intensive process. This includes the production and installation of formwork, the installation of a metal frame, the preparation of concrete and its pouring, and the care of concrete during the hardening process. Moreover, when pouring concrete, it is necessary to follow certain technological rules to ensure its uniform distribution in the mass of the slab, which significantly affects the quality of the product. Labor intensity, duration and a large number of so-called “wet processes” may make you think about looking for another option for the floor design.

Advantages:

  • the ability to make floors of any shape;
  • no large equipment needed.

Flaws:

  • high complexity and duration of the process;
  • wet process;
  • you need a large amount of water, and there may not yet be such volumes of it on the site;
  • the need to comply with technological regimes for preparing and laying concrete.

A significant disadvantage for concrete floors when choosing a floor material for a house made of aerated concrete blocks is its weight. Considering that aerated concrete is a porous material, it is more fragile than just concrete and brick. And, therefore, in houses made of aerated concrete it is preferable to use a lighter floor structure.

Brief characteristics of wooden floors

Therefore, very often the choice is made on wooden floors. Wooden floors are lighter than concrete, cheaper, and can cover rooms of various configurations.

Manufacturing and installation of wooden floors is not complicated. To install such a ceiling, you do not need large equipment; you can use homemade winches and hand tools.

Advantages:

  • a light weight;
  • flexibility in configuration;
  • availability of assortment of wood;
  • not difficult installation.

Flaws:

  • flammability;
  • the need for antiseptic protection.

Wooden flooring: design and installation

The load-bearing element of a wooden floor is a beam. Basically, beams are made from solid wood or laminated veneer lumber. But it can be used for beams and logs of the appropriate diameter. The approximate dimensions of the beam sections depending on the pitch of the beams and the overlapped span can be seen in the table.

Table of sections of wooden floor beams depending on the span and pitch of the beams, the estimated load on the floor is 400 kg/m2.

Span, m
Beam spacing, m 2,0 2,5 3,0 4,0 4,5 5,0 6,0

Beam cross-section, mm
0,6 75x100 75x150 75x200 100x200 100x200 125x200 150x225
1,0 75x150 100x150 100x175 125x200 150x200 150x225 175x250
Log diameter, mm
1,0 110 130 140 170 190 200 230
0,6 130 150 170 210 230 240 270

Fastening the beam to the wall. During the construction of the wall, floor beams begin to be laid out at the design height. The beams are inserted into the wall at a distance of at least 12 centimeters. The end of the beam, which is inserted into the wall, must be covered with a waterproofing material: wrapped in roofing felt, covered with bitumen mastic or other sealant with antiseptic additives.

There should be a small air gap around the beam; the beam should not sit rigidly. To do this, they also make a bevel at the end of the beam at an angle of 60-80 degrees. Polystyrene insulation is installed between the end of the beam and the outer part of the wall.

If it is necessary to lengthen the beams, this is done in the form of a lock: the beams are connected to each other with an overlap of 0.5 to 1.0 m and fastened with bolts. It is advisable to place the joints of the beams above an internal wall or other support.

Floor structure design. To provide heat and sound insulation to the floor, sound and heat insulation is laid between the beams. For this purpose, a groove is made in the lower part of the beams, for securing which cranial bars with a section size of 50x50 mm are nailed along the bottom of the beams. Insulating materials must fit tightly to the beams. The bottom of the beams is lined with plywood, OSB board, or plasterboard.

Logs are laid on top of the beams, and a subfloor is laid on top of them. To improve sound insulation, special noise and vibration absorbing pads can be laid under the subfloor and under the joists.

To improve sound insulation and in order to reduce the possibility of the ceiling sagging due to the influence of gravity on the floor of the upper floor, there is an option to install the floor and ceiling along separated beams. The main idea of ​​this method is to divide the floor structure and make different load-bearing beams for the floor of the upper floor and for the ceiling of the lower floor. To do this, the floor is laid on the main supporting beams.

The floor beams are laid directly on the wall with an armored belt. Between them in the middle, ceiling beams are mounted, which are attached to the wall with brackets.

Ceiling beams are installed with the same pitch as the load-bearing beams, so the distance between adjacent beams will be 0.3 or 0.5 meters, respectively. The ceiling beams will not bear large loads; their main task is to support the suspended ceiling and the pie made of soundproofing materials. Therefore, according to calculations, ceiling beams can be installed with a smaller cross-section. To place sound insulation, ceiling beams are placed 10-12 cm below the load-bearing ones. In this way, the floor and ceiling are not connected to each other and possible deflections and sounds from the floor structure are not transmitted to the ceiling structure.


Construction of a monolithic belt of an aerated concrete house: why is it important

In houses made of aerated concrete blocks, floor beams are laid along a monolithic belt. A monolithic belt in houses made of aerated concrete blocks is a mandatory structural element. It helps to evenly distribute the load from the floor beams onto the wall, which helps ensure that the aerated concrete in the places where the beams are placed is not overloaded and does not crack. The monolithic belt must be solid and placed around the entire perimeter of the building. This belt is important for aerated concrete houses. In addition to distributing the load from the floor, it also serves to generally preserve the integrity and stability of the house structure, protects against possible destruction and deformation due to possible soil shrinkage and slight movements of the foundation. Therefore, special attention is paid to the construction of a monolithic belt.

There are special U-shaped gas blocks for constructing a monolithic belt.

Reinforcement is placed inside this block - 2-4 rods with a diameter of 8-12 mm.

The bottom row of rods is placed on special spacers to form a protective layer of concrete underneath the reinforcement.

If there are no ready-made narrow blocks, then they can be cut from standard ones; aerated concrete cuts well. You can also make a U-block yourself by cutting out the inside of the block with a handsaw.

The frame is made from reinforcement.

Important! The reinforcement is not welded, but twisted using wire.

At junction points, it is advisable to avoid right angles by bending the reinforcement in an arc.

You can attach embedded parts (rods) to it, to which the floor beams will be attached. On the outside of the wall, the monolithic belt is insulated with polystyrene. The cavity of the U-shaped block is then filled with concrete.


and filled with concrete

Since special blocks are expensive or may not be available for sale, a monolithic belt can be made as an ordinary concrete belt with a metal frame.

In order to ensure that the place of its installation is not visually visible on the outer wall, the installation of the reinforced belt is carried out as follows: we install aerated concrete blocks 100 mm thick along the outer wall. Then, to avoid the formation of cold bridges, we lay 50 mm polystyrene. On the inside of the wall we place formwork from a wooden panel, and lay an armored belt in the resulting space.

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Aerated concrete is a modern building material that allows you to quickly build a house. Its main features are good heat retention and ease of processing. Calculations of the maximum loads of the material show that using aerated concrete it is possible to build houses with a maximum height of three floors - this is the maximum weight of walls and ceilings that the material can be guaranteed to withstand without changing its physical characteristics. Interfloor floors in aerated concrete houses are made from various materials and certain requirements are put forward for each of them.

Wooden floors are most often used in house construction Source m-stone.ru

Requirements for floors

Any house under construction must be reliable, comfortable and resistant to various climatic and temperature conditions. It is important to understand that the ceiling is the main structure connecting the house, which is subject to the following requirements:

, which are both temporary and permanent;

Rigidity– there may be “deflections”, but no more than the norms allow;

Soundproofing– external and internal noises should not distract owners;

Thermal insulation– we are talking about structures that separate rooms with different temperatures (damp attic and living room).

Floors for houses made of aerated concrete

The ceiling is a horizontal structural element in a building, with the help of which the floors are separated. The floors will have to withstand loads from floors, furniture and partitions.

Currently the following types are distinguished:

    Monolithic ceiling in a house made of aerated concrete;

    Slab: aerated concrete or reinforced concrete slabs;

    Beam: wooden or metal beams.

Wooden beam floor between the first floor and the attic Source domdelaem.ru

When choosing the type of floor, you should take into account the number of floors of the building, the size of the span, the seismicity of the region and the vertical load.

Wooden floors in a house made of aerated concrete are a popular method that has the following positive qualities:

    Price. Wood belongs to the category of affordable building materials. Even if first-class, carefully processed wood is used, this flooring option will be many times more affordable compared to using reinforced concrete flooring;

    Light weight. In the field of construction, there are certain conditions that regulate the weight of the material used. For example, it is not allowed for the structure to be too light - this indicates insufficient strength. As a rule, wood does not weigh down the structure too much, but if you take into account the fact that the house is built from aerated concrete - a material that is subject to less high loads, then this method could not be more relevant. This will not make the building less durable, and the developer will only benefit - the material is easily and simply maintained;

Aerated concrete walls require lightweight materials, and wood is the best option Source strangely.ru

On our website you can get acquainted with the most popular projects of aerated concrete houses from construction companies presented at the exhibition of houses “Low-Rise Country”.

    Undemanding. Compared to concrete floors, wooden structures are much easier to prepare and process. First of all, it is worth noting the fact that there are no “wet” operations. Secondly, installation is easy even in cold weather.

You also need to take into account some of the disadvantages of wooden floors:

    Operating restrictions. Aerated concrete blocks, although they have a small mass, in certain places should be secured with reinforced concrete elements. The ceiling is not a power support element, but they are still used as a connecting link, so they must be strong. Wooden floors do not always meet this requirement. For example, if a two-story house is being built on a site where seismicity is more than 8 points, then wooden floors will not cope with their task;

    Fragility. This applies to any structures made of wood. The physical and operational properties of the material are lost after a certain time. Of course, wooden structural elements are treated with special means: impregnations, fire retardants and others, but their service life depends more on external conditions - changes in humidity and others.

It is better to apply all protective compounds before the final installation of wooden beams Source otvetprost.ru

However, if the beam is rotten, it can be relatively easily replaced with a new one. And if it is necessary to reconstruct or update a reinforced concrete floor, then this will take much more time and effort.

Monolithic interfloor slabs

An equally popular method of arranging floors when constructing houses from foam and gas blocks. Its main advantages:

    use of fireproof parts;

    durability;

    variety of materials for construction work;

    relative ease of installation work.

The highest load-bearing capacity is achieved if monolithic slabs are used, which also increases the functionality of the structure. The span can have any size, dimensions and geometric shape. According to the technology, the overlap is done directly on site. To complete the task, you will need concrete (purchased or made on site), which is used to fill the formwork on the 1st floor. The mixture is poured in such a way that the slab is 100 to 200 mm thick (depending on the project).

Formwork and reinforcement for pouring first floor floors Source beton-house.com

On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer the service of internal redevelopment of houses. You can communicate directly with representatives by visiting the “Low-Rise Country” exhibition of houses.

When choosing this method, you should take into account the following factors:

    Before filling the formwork you need preparatory work;

    If you plan to produce concrete on site, you will need special equipment(concrete mixer and special pump);

    The supporting structures will need to completely harden, which requires time;

    To obtain the required grade strength of concrete, you need competent specialist who understands proportions;

    Monolithic ceiling – not the most affordable, but reliable option.

Iron beam ceilings

Modern houses made of aerated concrete are covered with metal beams. The method is popular due to the fact that it allows you to make a strong and reliable floor with a large length between load-bearing walls. But it is important to understand that despite any treatment, the metal deteriorates over time, or at least becomes covered with rust, losing its performance characteristics.

Beams damaged by corrosion quickly lose their performance properties Source dc-region.ru

How wooden floors are attached

For proper fastening of wooden blocks, special open or closed nests are formed in aerated concrete walls. You also need to be sure that the wood can “breathe”, for which the end of each beam is cut at an angle of 60-75 degrees. The cut is carefully treated with antiseptic agents.

The end of the beam that was treated with an antiseptic (with the exception of the cut edge) should subsequently be wrapped with roofing felt or other waterproofing material. In addition to protecting the wood, this is also done so that the beam “sits” tightly in the socket.

From the point of view of thermal insulation, nests are the weakest points of the second floor in a house made of aerated concrete. Therefore, they are additionally insulated, for which mineral wool or polystyrene foam plates are suitable.

Methods for embedding beams in walls; processing of the ends of the beam protects against condensation and rotting of materials Source sdelaipotolok.com

Having completely processed, wrapped and installed the beam, it is necessary to additionally inspect the nests - they may have cracks that need to be covered with special solutions and sealants to prevent moist and warm air from entering the nests. In any case, additional protection of the nests will not be superfluous and will extend the service life of the beams.

Fastening a monolithic floor

Before constructing the floor, an armored belt is made, since aerated concrete blocks are a fragile material that can easily burst under load. Under the armored belt, wooden formwork should be built that follows the contour of the walls. It is important that it be solid, that is, not interrupted. After this, the armored belt is filled with concrete solution.

Preparing armored belt for floors Source banya-ili-sauna.ru

Before you begin constructing the formwork, it will require the installation of supports. Typically, steel supports are used at this stage. It is important to install the supports evenly, without errors, as the consequences can cause great difficulties. To level the stands it is convenient to use a building level. One rack can withstand a load of 300-500 kg.

Using a building level will help lay beams without distortions Source lestorg32.ru

Afterwards, the transverse beams are laid (you can start either from the top or from the bottom, sewing them to the supports). At the next stage, the reinforcing mesh is installed. The cables are laid first, since if the concrete is poured first, laying them will be problematic. At the same stage, pipes for ventilation are installed and an unfilled area is left where there will be a staircase between floors. Wire is suitable for tying the reinforcement, after which the structure is filled with concrete.

Based on the volume of the concrete mixer, concrete is made according to the following proportion:

    Cement – ​​7 liters;

    Sand – 15 liters;

    Crushed stone and water – 30 liters.

An area is prepared in advance, where the finished mixture is subsequently poured. The monolithic floor itself should have a thickness of 150 to 300 mm. For the mixture to completely harden, it is enough to wait a few days. If the floor was divided into sections, then the beams used to separate it must be removed.

Video description

How to install wooden floor beams on aerated concrete walls, see the video:

Conclusion

At the moment, there are several options for arranging a floor for a house made of aerated concrete. A smart choice should be based on calculated loads and financial capabilities. The durability of a house is influenced by many factors, such as temperature, humidity, loads, and so on. Floor slabs made of aerated concrete are not uncommon, but monolithic types, prefabricated monolithic and reinforced concrete slabs are more popular.