Isakievsky Cathedral where. St. Isaac's Cathedral: hidden figures

It is necessary to study, even the one that they give us officially, only in the process of studying we must remember that the fake version of the development of the world that is given to us is, to put it mildly, a complete lie. Thanks to the Internet, in our time, some chronicles and books are becoming available that accidentally survived the total destruction of historical documents in the 18-19 centuries, and a serious attitude to the facts of bygone days makes it possible to understand that not everything in our history was the way films and present official textbooks. They are not just trying to hide something very important from us - they blatantly lie to us all our lives. Everything is distorted! A vivid example is the history of St. Petersburg, and for now let's consider only the history of the famous St. Isaac's Cathedral.

The fact that the facts are deliberately distorted, you understand after graduation, and then only annoyance remains: ... we all learned a little something and somehow ... Although I personally studied normally, even at school or at the institute. History, absolutely distorted and turned upside down, was presented in schools and universities under the flag of Marxism-Leninism, patriotism and love for the motherland. It used to be - now they don't even teach you to love your homeland - it's forbidden, it's supposed to love the West and the American way of life.

Those who are profitable to deceive, go by proven, proven methods. The real facts, which cannot be hidden, no matter how hard you try, first succumb to the attacks of doubts, distortions and mass attacks of eminent paid "luminaries" of science, leading away from the truth, and then envelop them with a veil of informational deception through which random single voices of opponents only occasionally break through. Then, after a few years, they present the fake story they invented as an indisputable truth, widely advertising the next newly invented version in the media. You see, after several years of intensified processing of public opinion by means of mass infozombing, instead of doubt, indifference to all versions is born. And after one generation of mass processing, the people no longer remember how it really was. Distorted facts form a distorted idea of ​​the country and the place of a person in the historical process. At the same time, distorted psychological reactions of people to large historical periods or major historical events arise.

In most cases, the evidence is literally in front of our eyes, but people who are accustomed to trust official sources more often pass by the real facts, out of habit not noticing them. Total deception has taught citizens not to see the reality behind the fictional images inspired from childhood. Therefore, the people in their mass do not distinguish the presented official information from real life. This is beneficial to people who control the entire people, lifestyle, public consciousness, to keep everyone in slavery, providing the illusion of freedom.

Petersburg was taken for research, because it is a fairly young city (so the official version says), and its history is completely written in chronicles and textbooks. History close in centuries is easier to study. So why are there gross distortions of reality here as well? Who prevented the era of Peter I, "interesting and progressive." To read the imposed story, but rejoice. The “short” history of the great city makes it possible to catch false chroniclers in a lie, to present to contemporaries the discrepancy between descriptions of historical moments and the real state of things.

Alexander Column

For some reason, the megaliths described in encyclopedias are everywhere, but not in Russia. Nevertheless, there is a megalithic object in St. Petersburg itself, this is confirmed by historians, listing common signs of megaliths all over the world.
The blank for the Alexander Column would have an approximate weight of about 1000 tons, a complete analogue of the abandoned block in Baalbek. The Column itself weighs over 600 tons. This gives good reason to rank the historical buildings of St. Petersburg - St. Isaac's Cathedral and the Alexander Column - as megaliths of the past. They look quite plausible, if you correctly interpret them, selecting suitable facts, then you can make a description that does not detract from the greatness of these objects.

Saint Isaac's Cathedral

In the history of St. Petersburg, all the facts can be verified, as there are official testimonies and documents. To confirm the truth of the appearance of St. Isaac's Cathedral, let's take the method of cross-combining dates and events. Enthusiasts have done a lot of research for this, their results are posted in various articles and Internet forums. However, they are diligently ignored by representatives of official science and the media. Yes, and let them ignore - they are paid, that is, corrupt. We ourselves need to figure it out.

St. Isaac's Cathedral - pages of falsified history

To begin with, we take the history of the construction of St. Isaac's Cathedral, described in Wikipedia. According to the official version, the cathedral, which today adorns St. Isaac's Square, is the fourth building. It turns out that it was built four times. And it all started with a small church.

First St. Isaac's Church. 1707

first St. Isaac's Church

The first church of St. Isaac of Dalmatia was built for the workers of the Admiralty shipyards by order of Peter I. The tsar chose the building of the drawing barn as the basis for the future church. St. Isaac's Cathedral began to be built in 1706. It was built with the money of the state treasury. The construction was supervised by Count F.M. Apraksin, the Dutch architect Herman van Boles, who had already lived in Russia since 1711, was invited to build the spire of the church.
The first temple was completely wooden, built according to the traditions of that time - a frame of round logs; their length was 18 meters, the width of the building was 9 meters, and the height was 4 meters. Outside, the walls were upholstered with boards up to 20 centimeters wide, in a horizontal direction. For a good descent of snow and rain, the roof was made at an angle of 45 degrees. The roof was also wooden, and according to the tradition of shipbuilding, it was covered with a black-brown wax-bitumen composition, which was used to tar the bottom of ships. The building was called St. Isaac's Church and consecrated in 1707.

Solemn meeting of the St. Petersburg militia on St. Isaac's Square on June 12, 1814. Engraving by I. Ivanov.

Less than two years later, Peter I issued an order to start restoration work in the church. What could happen to a tree treated according to the ship's rules in just two years? After all, wooden buildings stand for centuries, showing the majesty and power of wood. The decision to restore, it turns out, was made in order to improve the appearance of the church, and get rid of the constant dampness inside the temple.
History shows that St. Isaac's Cathedral, even in the form of a wooden church, was the main temple in the city. Here in 1712 Peter I and Ekaterina Alekseevna got married, since 1723 only here employees of the Admiralty and sailors of the Baltic Fleet could take the oath. Records of this were preserved in the marching journal of the temple. The body of the first temple was very dilapidated (?) and in 1717 the temple was laid in stone.

Fact Analysis

According to official data, St. Petersburg was founded in 1703. From this year, the age of the city is calculated. Let's talk about Peter's real age next time, there will be more than one article.
The church was founded in 1706, consecrated in 1707, in 1709 it already required repairs, in 1717 it was already dilapidated, although the wood was impregnated with ship's wax-bitumen composition, and in 1927 a new stone church was already built. In lies!

If you take the album of Augustus Montferrand, you can see in it a lithograph of the first church, which is depicted exactly opposite the entrance to the territory of the Admiralty. This means that the temple stood either in the courtyard of the Admiralty, or outside it, but opposite the main entrance. It is on the album, released in Paris, that the main interpretation of the history of all the buildings of St. Isaac's Cathedral is built.

Second St. Isaac's Church. 1717

In August 1717, a stone church was laid in the name of Isaac of Dalmatia. And where can we go without it - Peter the Great laid the first stone in the foundation of the new church with his own hands. The second St. Isaac's Church began to be built in the style of "Peter's Baroque", the construction was led by the prominent architect of the Petrine era Georg Johann Mattarnovi, who had been in the service of Peter I since 1714. In 1721, G.I. Mattarnovi died, the construction of the temple was headed by the city architect of that time, Nikolai Fedorovich Gerbel. However, in the track record of N.F. Gerbel there is no indication of his participation in the construction of the stone St. Isaac's Church. Three years later, he dies, the construction is completed by the stone master Y. Neupokoev.

With such twists and turns, the church was built in 1727. The plan of the foundation of the temple is an equal-ended Greek cross 60.5 meters long (28 fathoms), 32.4 meters wide (15 fathoms). The dome of the temple was based on four pillars, the outside was covered with simple iron. The height of the bell tower reached 27.4 meters (12 sazhens + 2 arshins), plus a spire 13 meters long (6 sazhens). All this splendor was crowned with gilded copper crosses. The vaults of the temple were wooden, the facades between the windows were decorated with pilasters.

second St. Isaac's Church

In appearance, the newly built temple was very similar to the Peter and Paul Cathedral. The similarity was strengthened by slender bell towers with chimes, which Peter I brought from Amsterdam for two churches. Ivan Petrovich Zarudny, the founder of the Petrine Baroque style, made a carved gilded iconostasis for St. Isaac's and Peter and Paul's Cathedrals, which only increased the similarity of the two churches.

The second St. Isaac's Cathedral was built close to the banks of the Neva. Now the Bronze Horseman is installed there. At that time, the place for the cathedral turned out to be clearly unsuccessful - the water eroded the coastline and destroyed the foundation. Strangely, the Neva did not interfere with the previous wooden building.

In the spring of 1735, lightning caused a fire, completing the destruction of the entire church.

Too many strange events in the destruction of the newly built building. It is also strange that in the album of A. Montferrand there is no image of the second building of the church. Her images are found only on lithographs of the northern capital until 1771. Yes, there is a model inside St. Isaac's Cathedral.

It is surprising that another temple stood on this site for many years, and the waters of the Neva did not interfere with it. According to official history, the same place was chosen for the installation of the monument to Peter I - again, water is not a hindrance. A stone - a pedestal for the Bronze Horseman was brought in 1770. The monument was built and erected in 1782. However, services in the church were conducted until February 1800, as evidenced by the records of its rector, Archpriest Georgy Pokorsky. Solid inconsistencies.

Third St. Isaac's Cathedral. 1768

Lithograph by O. Montferrand. View of St. Isaac's Cathedral during the reign of Empress Catherine II. Lithograph by O. Montferrand

In 1762, Catherine II came to the throne. A year before, the Senate decided to recreate St. Isaac's Cathedral. A Russian architect, a representative of the Petrine Baroque style, Savva Ivanovich Chevakinsky, was appointed the head of construction. Catherine II approved the idea of ​​a new construction, closely associated with the name of Peter I. The start of work was delayed due to funding, and soon S.I. Chevakinsky resigns.
The head of construction was an Italian architect in the Russian service, Antonio Rinaldi. The decree on the start of work was issued in 1766, and construction began on the site chosen by S.I. Chevakinsky. The laying of the building in a solemn atmosphere was held in August 1768, in memory of such an important event a medal was even minted.

third St. Isaac's Cathedral

According to the project of A. Rinaldi, the cathedral was planned to be built with five complex domes and a high, slender bell tower. The walls were faced with marble. The exact layout of the third cathedral and its drawings, made by A. Rinaldi, are kept today in the expositions of the Museum of the Academy of Arts. A. Rinaldi did not complete the work, he managed to bring the building only to the eaves, when Catherine II died. Financing of the construction immediately stopped, and A. Rinaldi left.

Paul I came to the throne. It was necessary to do something with the unfinished construction in the city center, then the architect V. Brenn was called in to urgently complete the work. In a hurry, the architect was forced to significantly distort the project of A. Rinaldi, that is, not to take it into account at all. As a result, the size of the upper superstructure and the main dome decreased, and the planned four small domes were not erected. The building material was also changed, because the marble prepared for the decoration of St. Isaac's Cathedral was transferred for the construction of the main residence of Paul I. As a result, the cathedral turned out to be squat, ridiculous, as an inharmonious brick superstructure towered on a luxurious marble base.

Investigation notes

Here you can return to the word "recreate". What can it mean? Semantic meaning - recreates what is completely lost. It turns out that in 1761 the second building of the temple was no longer on the square?

As these constructions are described, only foreign architects worked on them. Why was the construction of the domestic Temple not entrusted to Russian architects?

In A. Montferrand's album, the third temple does not look like a construction site, but as an active building, around which people are walking. At the same time, the central entrance to the Admiralty is again visible on the lithograph, and the Admiralty building is surrounded by a lush garden. What is this? The fiction of the artist who carved the lithograph, or a special embellishment of reality? According to official history, the Admiralty building was surrounded by a deep moat, which was filled in in 1823, when the third temple was gone. The history of the services of St. Isaac's Cathedral indicates that services were conducted in it by Archpriest Alexei Malov until 1836.

The sharp discrepancy between dates and events makes you seriously think about where is fiction and where is the truth. Obviously contradictory facts are contained in the surviving descriptions of the construction and maintenance of St. Isaac's Cathedral, that is, in state documents. This is not just an innocent confusion, this is one of the many facts proving that the real state documentation of Russia was destroyed and falsified.

Catholic version

According to official historical facts, the first church of Isaac of Dalmatia was built on the banks of the Neva during the reign of Peter I, in 1710. A fire destroyed the church in 1717. The new church was built only in 1727, also on the banks of the Neva. The famous Admiralty Canal was dug in 1717, along which timber for ships was delivered from New Holland Island to the Admiralty. The Amsterdam cartographer and publisher Reiner Ottens drew up a plan of the area on which this part of St. Petersburg appears differently. According to his plan, the second St. Isaac's Church is drawn with signs of the Catholic Church. Its shape is like a Basilica or a ship. On the plan of R. Ottens, the third church, built according to the project of Rinaldi, is similar to the completion of the second church, to which only domes have been added on the plan.

“Why did Peter I get married in a former barn? Why is the Capitol in Washington DC just a copy of Isaac? And what was hidden in the walls 5 meters thick? We met with Sergei OKUNEV, who has been the custodian of the memorial museum's funds for over 40 years, in the basement of St. Isaac's Cathedral, where during the Great Patriotic War the priceless treasures of the museums of Leningrad and its suburbs were hidden from bombs and shells. Now here is an exposition dedicated to the ascetic feat. In the room near the potbelly stove and a fragment of an incendiary bomb, it is well said about the amazing secrets that the famous cathedral reveals to restorers and researchers. Since 1990, colossal work has been carried out to restore the walls, - says Sergey Nikolaevich. - They are 5 meters thick, but where the 32-ton bell swayed, the cracks reached two meters. The exterior marble finish has been restored. They cleaned the basement, where there were 12 wood-burning stoves, put the attic in order. Finally, we got to the interior of the cathedral, started painting on the walls. Now the restoration of the altars is underway, where the ceiling paintings are at a height of 49 meters. The task is to ensure the safety of St. Isaac's Cathedral in the form in which it was in 1858, at the time of consecration. It is believed that today's technical capabilities make it easier to solve the problem. But not everything is so simple. When the cathedral was being built, there was one technique, then it changed - and we no longer understood how it was built. Two years ago, restorers stumbled upon a void in the south altar. They opened the wall and found a chimney, but did not find where it came from below. Among the documents signed by Montferrand, there is a small drawing with a template for installing a fireplace. Now I'm scratching my head over this riddle. One of many. Bronze boxes for storing church utensils were found in the walls of each of the three altars. When such a box was opened in the Ekaterininsky aisle, they saw that it was chock-full of folders with classified documents from the late 1930s. Minutes of the meetings of the party committee of the anti-religious museum located here, brochures marked "Only for members of the CPSU (b)", decisions of party conferences. Why were party documents classified in peacetime? There was a feeling of “enemies all around”, preparations were underway for the Finnish campaign. Martial law was declared in Leningrad in 1938-1939. My father said that after work, party activists were given weapons, they were on duty in the yards, in dark alleys - with the right to shoot without warning, because robberies began in the blackout. Martial law was introduced at all enterprises, including museums. The strictest labor discipline: absent from work - only at the direction of management. Plus total surveillance of each other. We found several folders with denunciations. And the minutes of the meeting of the party committee with discussions of the fate of the two directors of St. Isaac's Cathedral. Members of the party committee meticulously discussed their biographies, asked provocative questions... The profile of the anti-religious museum, which was within the walls of St. Isaac's Cathedral, changed almost every six months. They kicked out and imprisoned the entire leadership, each time referring to new installations. The union of militant atheists was extremely aggressive. They brought everything to the point of absurdity: they offered to knock down the cross from the cathedral and install a huge anemometer to measure the direction and speed of the wind, then they suddenly wanted to install telescopes ... And all this fuss, of course, was reflected in the fate of the museum. In fact, the cathedral is much older than is commonly believed. In 1705, Peter I decided to rebuild the drawing barn of the Admiralty into a temple - since the city already had an "Admiralty College and a model room for drawings." And now the wooden barn was converted into a temple 18 meters long and 9 meters wide. Money for the construction of the first church in 1707 by St. Isaac of Dalmatia was allocated from funds allocated for the maintenance of the fleet. And all the documents on the cathedral went further through the Ministry of the Navy: payment of priests, purchase of wine for communion, repairs, gifts to the clergy for the fact that they consecrated each landing ship. St. Isaac's Cathedral did not belong to the church for a single day, it has always been the property of the state. By the way, Peter I got married in the former barn in 1712. Why? In the archives, I found Peter's decree on holding civil events at the place of residence. At that time, the tsar was "registered" as the skipper Pyotr Alekseev on the Admiralty side. Therefore, he did not get married even in the Peter and Paul Cathedral, which was dedicated to the Romanovs. In order not to violate his own decree, he got married in this church. A second temple was built where the Bronze Horseman now stands. In 1714, when it became clear that the Swedes would not be able to attack St. Petersburg, the tsar ordered Trezzini to create a cathedral befitting the capital of Russia. They laid the temple on the banks of the Neva, without taking into account hydrology, and after a while it began to slide into the river. They suffered, remade, the cathedral burned twice. Finally, already Catherine in 1758 issued a decree to find a new site for the construction of the cathedral. They invited the Italian Rinaldi, determined the place, and began to build the third St. Isaac's Cathedral. They finished under Paul I. And already in 1802-1803 the cathedral began to collapse. Instead of marble, it was lined with bricks, they were not dried inside, and pieces of plaster began to fall on the believers during worship ... And Montferrand built the fourth cathedral. After the victory over Napoleon, Alexander I ordered to develop a new project for St. Isaac's Cathedral. The conditions of the competition contained a requirement to preserve the altars. The first competition was held in 1816, but no one was able to enter the altars. Two years later, a second competition was announced. And then came the brilliant Montferrand. Apparently, not too hoping to get an order, he presented his project on two sheets of paper. But the Rinaldi altars turned out to be so well inscribed that Alexander I chose this one out of 24 projects. Montferrand was appointed the lead architect of the Ministry of the Court, with a salary of 8,000 a year. At that time, Alexander I's assistant was Betancourt. He showed himself well in Europe, and in Russia he was appointed Minister of Road and Underground Construction. So, the underground structures of Betancourt are still working. Under Sennaya Square, for example, he built the largest storage facility, and everything is in order with it. Betancourt took care of Montferrand and helped with the technical solutions. During the construction, new methods were used, in particular, monolithic columns, the structure of the dome, and protection from groundwater. Few people know that the dome of the Capitol in Washington was built according to the drawings of St. Isaac's Cathedral. I found archival documents in the Library of the Academy of Sciences, according to which my students made a model of the Capitol. It flaunts in the museum next to the model of the dome of our cathedral. So the symbol of the American capital can be considered a copy of the St. Petersburg Isaac, - concludes his story Sergei Nikolaevich Okunev.

Irina Smirnova, St. Petersburg

Alexey Oliferchuk

“And do not breathe over your miracle, Montferrand…”

“St. Isaac's Cathedral, one of the monumental symbols of St. Petersburg, has become the subject of close attention of specialists. The inspection of the technical condition of the building began. Experts are examining cracks inside the temple and engineering structures to understand whether the structure is threatened by subsidence of soil, which has to withstand a pressure of 300,000 tons. The word "greatness" in St. Petersburg has a synonym. St. Isaac's Cathedral, which dictates the scale of the Neva panorama, as well as 150 years ago, strikes the imagination of contemporaries. Of all the practical issues involved in the history of this fantastic building, one is still on the agenda. What should be the foundation of the cathedral to withstand the pressure of 300,000 tons? Such is the weight of Montferrand's creation. In the twenties of the 19th century, under the influence of criticism from colleagues, Montferrand changed the original project, greatly facilitating the design, but the person who wrote “Not all of me will die” on the album of drawings could not abandon his plan. Perhaps the architect became a victim of his own ambitions, and it is under Isaac that St. Petersburg chaos is stirring. Any person who is familiar with the basics of the building business knows that the sediment of knowledge first of all manifests itself in doorways. Having tried to open the sash of one of the doors of the cathedral, weighing about eight volumes, we are convinced that the building does not precipitate. The first author's album dedicated to St. Isaac's Cathedral, Moferrand, even before the end of construction, sent not to the direct customer, the Russian emperor, but to the French king Louis-Phillip. The architect was extremely concerned about his reputation in Europe. In the drawing of the foundation of 1845, sections of the foundation of the third St. Isaac's Cathedral are highlighted. According to the condition of Alexander the First, Montferrand retained a significant part of Rinaldi's creation, and the combination of two foundations could affect the stability of the building. When driving pine piles, builders sought to achieve maximum soil density. As the curator of St. Isaac's Cathedral Sergei Okunev said, they were driven in at a distance equal to the diameter of these piles, and driven in such a way that when a crowbar hit between the piles on the ground, the crowbar bounced off. Only then it was considered that they were packed normally. Despite the use of advanced technologies for its time, the deformations of the walls were noticed by Montferrand as early as 1841, and the need for the first comprehensive restoration of the cathedral arose already 20 years after the completion of construction. From the middle of the 19th century, a special technical commission, which operated until 1917, monitored the condition of the building. The 150 years that have passed since the construction of the cathedral have shown that Isaac is gradually settling in a westerly direction. The first attempts to study this process were made in the early 1930s. In the course of long-term observations, it turned out that the draft to the West is from 30 to 45 centimeters. According to the curator of the cathedral, Sergei Okunev, the active phase of the movement has already passed. He explained his considerations: “I quite regularly look at beacons, pieces of glass embedded in the walls located in the upper part of the cathedral. In recent years, not one of our beacons has burst. This means that there were no shifts more than a millimeter. A new study of the state of the foundation and metal structures of the cathedral promises to be the most voluminous and accurate. The two institutes are given a whole year for examinations. According to Nikolai Burov, director of the museum-monument "St. Isaac's Cathedral", a plan for further actions will be drawn up in a year. Previous examinations 45 years ago categorically recommended not to interfere with what has been created, since such interference can do much more harm. The pile foundation of the cathedral is below the groundwater level. Pine trees can easily stay in water for centuries, but if the water level changes and oxygen gets to the wood, then the process of decay is inevitable. In order to understand what is happening under the cathedral building at a depth of 20 meters, geodetic research is needed. Here is what Boris Podolsky, deputy director of the St. Isaac's Cathedral memorial museum, said about the upcoming research: “These will be geological studies using drilling rigs. Several points will be selected along the perimeter and soil samples will be taken and the level of groundwater will be determined at the same time.” If in the interior of the cathedral only cracks on the western wall remind of the sediment, then at a height of 80 meters inside the metal structures holding the balustrade, the changes are more alarming. More than 40 elements of the balustrade ring have cracks. Static soil under Isaac is the main condition for the longevity of the building, but it is difficult to count on this in light of the restructuring in the city center. The situation with the cathedral is commented with the same relevance by the words of one of Montferrand's colleagues, said 190 years ago: "One must be careful not to err in the goodness of the earth."

(there is a video in the article)

The most important secret for me personally in St. Isaac's Cathedral is whether it is true that on the relics (well, of course, on the particles) of Alexander Nevsky there is an inscription - Joshua.

-An elderly Leningrad woman fills out a questionnaire in some housing office-
- "Vasilieva .... Nina .... Isaakovna ...
- Jew, come on?
- Well, yes, but St. Isaac's Cathedral, is it a synagogue?

THE TEMPLE WAS INITIALLY ANTIQUE!!! AND PROBABLY BEFORE PETRUSH'S BIRTH...

St. Isaac's Cathedral is considered one of the masterpieces of Orthodox, Russian Christian architecture. At first glance, there is nothing strange about it.

But this is only at first glance. You need to look more carefully.
Here is his gate.

The images are very reminiscent of antique ones, but this is not the most important thing. There is not a single .... Orthodox crucifix in the temple

And finding an eight-pointed Orthodox cross is not an easy task.

These Orthodox crosses are rare Orthodox elements - in a completely non-Orthodox church
Pay attention - above the icon there is something other than the all-seeing eye, which the Orthodox consider a symbol of Freemasons and Satanists

That's about the crucifixion

Here is the Orthodox crucifix

And here is the Catholic and this image of one of the niches of St. Isaac's Cathedral, while there are no Orthodox crucifixes there

Below, the second, Catholic image with the crucified Jesus is located outside above one of the entrances to the cathedral.

In fact, according to the official historical myth, St. Isaac's Cathedral after its consecration was the main cathedral of the Russian Empire.

And how did it happen that the main symbolism is practically not used in the design of the main cathedral, and the crucifix is ​​generally shown according to other people's canons?!

But the patterns on the floor of the cathedral

There are subtle patterns on the floor and wall, they are ancient Greek

This is a Hellenic GREEK meander ornament.

Here on the wall of Hadrian's temple

Here's from the Temple of Jupiter
Exactly the same ornaments can be seen, among other things, in Balbec

70-page Montferrand illustration
External signs

Now a little about the external features of the cathedral - an Orthodox church is internally not Orthodox, but outwardly already antique

And this is the Roman pantheon

Almost the same building, only without the dome

The Parisian Pantheon, as in Issacia, you will not find Orthodox crucifixes there

And this is the American Capitol, temples in Russia, Europe and watered. buildings in the United States were built according to the same architectural style
Here's the Boston Capitol

But much more interesting is his old image

Is this a copy of the Alexandrian pillar?
Well, here is the Iowa State Capitol in Des Moines

It is most similar to St. Isaac's Cathedral
Who built the Issakievsky Cathedral
It is believed that the cathedral was designed and built by the foreign sculptor Montferan. But it's not.
Here is an interesting illustration from the work of Montferrand himself.

This is 1820, from the image we can conclude that it is not construction, but rather the restoration of the cathedral
Actually the story is
In 1809 and 1813. A competition was announced for the reconstruction of the cathedral. Even before the announcement of the first competition under the leadership of the President of the Academy of Arts Count A.S. Strogonov developed a program of the following content:
"The magnificent buildings erected in the northern capital of Russia give the idea to pay attention to the Cathedral of St. Isaac of Dalmatia.
This temple ..., - requires, by coincidence of such important circumstances, decent in finishing its splendor. This intention opens up a vast field of distinction for artists known for their talents in the art of architecture; in this case, they can show their graceful abilities in solving the following problems:
1. Find funds to decorate the church of St. Isaac of Dalmatia with decent and magnificent architecture, without covering (as much as possible) his rich marble clothes.
2. Instead of the domes and bell towers currently on this temple, look for the shape of a dome that can give the inherent grandeur and beauty to such a famous building.
3. To come up with a convenient way to decorate the area belonging to this temple, while bringing the circumference of it into proper regularity.
RGIA, f.789, op. 20 Stroganov, d.36, l3. Reported by N.I. Nikulina (Glinka), printed: Shuisky V.K. Auguste Mauferrand.
History of life and creativity. - St. Petersburg: LLC "MiM-Delta"; M.: ZAO Tsentrpoligraf, 2005. pp. 82-83.

Count Stroganov directly pointed out that there was a competition for the alteration of an already standing temple, the task was to remove marble from it.
This does not fit in with the statement that the 3rd St. Isaac's Cathedral would have been closed in 1816. It was the 3rd cathedral that was partially covered with marble

Wikipedia also quotes Stroganov, but quotes as follows:
"Find a way to decorate the temple ... without covering ... his rich marble clothes ... find a dome shape that can give greatness and beauty to such a famous building ... come up with a way to decorate the square belonging to this temple, bringing its circle into proper regularity"
Here is such a forgery scheme - Wikipedia pulls out the most important thing from Stroganov's note, that the cathedral has already been
Attributing to Montferan the authorship of St. Isaac's Cathedral is stupid, and here is an excerpt from the task of rebuilding St. Isaac's Cathedral in Vigel's "Notes":
"In words, the Sovereign asked Betancourt to instruct someone to draw up a project for the restructuring of St. Isaac's Cathedral in such a way as to preserve the entire old building, perhaps with a small increase, to give a more magnificent and fine appearance to this great monument."

F.F. Vigel in his notes indicated in plain text that St. Isaac's Cathedral was not built, but rebuilt
Signs of perestroika can still be found today

Three in the center are real, and those on the sides are fresh, this is all that Montferan mastered during the reconstruction of the cathedral, he did not have either skill or time to repeat the original.
Here is another new one

In a word, there are many examples
There was no construction of the 4th St. Isaac's Cathedral, what is today is the same "third" temple, as most likely the "first" and second" temple.
But why was it necessary to break the history of one cathedral into 4 parts and falsify its construction by Montferan?
The fact is that the ancient temple with elements of paganism and Catholicism, which has nothing to do with the current Orthodoxy.
The construction of 4 cathedrals is no more than four reconstructions, where its pagan-Catholic past was erased.

But even after all this, it is surprising that the falsifiers did not remove the Catholic crucifixes and did not replace them with Orthodox ones. They seemed to know that it was not necessary at all.

Indeed, there was no need to bother, because Orthodox believers are so fooled and blind that they do not notice that they are coming to a strange church.
Although no one hides it from them, everything is in the most visible place.

I will add that the presence of Catholic crucifixes in Isaac is another evidence in favor of the fact that earlier Catholicism and Orthodoxy were one confession, as well as Christianity and Islam.

Why did Peter I get married in a former barn? Why is the Capitol in Washington DC just a copy of Isaac? And what was hidden in the walls 5 meters thick?

WITH Sergey OKUNEV , who has been working as a custodian of the funds of the museum-monument for more than 40 years, we met in the basement of St. Isaac's Cathedral, where during the Great Patriotic War the priceless treasures of the museums of Leningrad and its suburbs were hidden from bombs and shells. Now here is an exposition dedicated to the ascetic feat. In the room near the potbelly stove and a fragment of an incendiary bomb, it is well said about the amazing secrets that the famous cathedral reveals to restorers and researchers.

Since 1990, colossal work has been carried out to restore the walls, - says Sergey Nikolaevich. - They are 5 meters thick, but where the 32-ton bell swayed, the cracks reached two meters. The exterior marble finish has been restored. They cleaned the basement, where there were 12 wood-burning stoves, put the attic in order. Finally, we got to the interior of the cathedral, started painting on the walls. Now the restoration of the altars is underway, where the ceiling paintings are at a height of 49 meters. The task is to ensure the preservation of St. Isaac's Cathedral in the form in which it was in 1858, at the time of consecration.

It is believed that today's technical capabilities make it easier to solve the problem. But not everything is so simple. When the cathedral was being built, there was one technique, then it changed - and we no longer understood how it was built. Two years ago, restorers stumbled upon a void in the south altar. They opened the wall and found a chimney, but did not find where it came from below. Among the documents signed by Montferrand, there is a small drawing with a template for installing a fireplace. Now I'm scratching my head over this riddle. One of many.

Bronze boxes for storing church utensils were found in the walls of each of the three altars. When such a box was opened in the Ekaterininsky aisle, they saw that it was chock-full of folders with classified documents from the late 1930s. Minutes of the meetings of the party committee of the anti-religious museum located here, brochures marked "Only for members of the CPSU (b)", decisions of party conferences. Why were party documents classified in peacetime? There was a feeling of “enemies all around”, preparations were underway for the Finnish campaign.

Martial law was declared in Leningrad in 1938-1939. My father said that after work, party activists were given weapons, they were on duty in the yards, in dark alleys - with the right to shoot without warning, because robberies began in the blackout. Martial law was introduced at all enterprises, including museums. The strictest labor discipline: absent from work - only at the direction of management. Plus total surveillance of each other. We found several folders with denunciations. And the minutes of the meeting of the party committee with discussions of the fate of the two directors of St. Isaac's Cathedral. Members of the party committee meticulously discussed their biographies, asked provocative questions...

The profile of the anti-religious museum, which was within the walls of St. Isaac's Cathedral, changed almost every six months. They kicked out and imprisoned the entire leadership, each time referring to new installations. The union of militant atheists was extremely aggressive. They brought everything to the point of absurdity: they offered to knock down the cross from the cathedral and install a huge anemometer to measure the direction and speed of the wind, then suddenly they wanted to install telescopes ... And all this fuss, of course, was reflected in the fate of the museum.

In fact, the cathedral is much older than is commonly believed. In 1705, Peter the Great decided to rebuild the drawing barn of the Admiralty into a temple, since the city already had an “Admiralty College and a model room for drawings”. And now the wooden barn was converted into a temple 18 meters long and 9 meters wide. Money for the construction of the first church in 1707 by St. Isaac of Dalmatia was allocated from funds allocated for the maintenance of the fleet. And all the documents on the cathedral went further through the Ministry of the Navy: payment of priests, purchase of wine for communion, repairs, gifts to the clergy for the fact that they consecrated each landing ship. St. Isaac's Cathedral did not belong to the church for a single day, it has always been the property of the state.

By the way, Peter I got married in the former barn in 1712. Why? In the archives, I found Peter's decree on holding civil events at the place of residence. At that time, the tsar was "registered" as the skipper Pyotr Alekseev on the Admiralty side. Therefore, he did not get married even in the Peter and Paul Cathedral, which was dedicated to the Romanovs. In order not to violate his own decree, he got married in this church.

A second temple was built where the Bronze Horseman now stands. In 1714, when it became clear that the Swedes would not be able to attack St. Petersburg, the tsar ordered Trezzini to create a cathedral befitting the capital of Russia. They laid the temple on the banks of the Neva, without taking into account hydrology, and after a while it began to slide into the river. They suffered, remade, the cathedral burned twice. Finally, already Catherine in 1758 issued a decree to find a new site for the construction of the cathedral. They invited the Italian Rinaldi, determined the place, and began to build the third St. Isaac's Cathedral. They finished under Paul I. And already in 1802-1803 the cathedral began to collapse. Instead of marble, it was lined with brick, it was not dried inside, and pieces of plaster began to fall on the believers during worship ... And Montferrand built the fourth cathedral.

After the victory over Napoleon, Alexander I ordered to develop a new project for St. Isaac's Cathedral. The conditions of the competition contained a requirement to preserve the altars. The first competition was held in 1816, but no one was able to enter the altars. Two years later, a second competition was announced. And then came the brilliant Montferrand. Apparently, not too hoping to get an order, he presented his project on two sheets of paper. But the Rinaldi altars turned out to be so well inscribed that Alexander I chose this one out of 24 projects.

Montferrand was appointed the lead architect of the Ministry of the Court, with a salary of 8,000 a year. At that time, Alexander I's assistant was Betancourt. He showed himself well in Europe, and in Russia he was appointed Minister of Road and Underground Construction. So, the underground structures of Betancourt are still working. Under Sennaya Square, for example, he built the largest storage facility, and everything is in order with it. Betancourt took care of Montferrand and helped with the technical solutions. During the construction, new methods were used, in particular, monolithic columns, the structure of the dome, and protection from groundwater.

Few people know that the dome of the Capitol in Washington was built according to the drawings of St. Isaac's Cathedral. I found archival documents in the Library of the Academy of Sciences, according to which my students made a model of the Capitol. It flaunts in the museum next to the model of the dome of our cathedral. So the symbol of the American capital can be considered a copy of St. Petersburg's Isaac, - Sergey Nikolaevich Okunev concludes his story.

From May 28, 2004 to March 31, 2005, the Russian-American Exhibition " Two great domes". The exhibition told about the history of creation and design features of the domes of St. Isaac's Cathedral in St. Petersburg and the Capitol in Washington.
Among the exhibited materials were demonstrated unique archival documents from the libraries of architects of the American Capitols, as well as rare documents from the collections of the State St. Isaac's Cathedral.
The exhibition was held with the participation of the US Consulate General in St. Petersburg, the Library of Congress, architects of the Capitols of 12 US states.

In May 2003, the family of US President Bush visited St. Petersburg, and Laura Bush drew attention to the similarity of the dome of St. Isaac's Cathedral with the Capitol. Searches were launched, and in the same 2003, documents were found in the US Library of Congress that confirm the hypothesis of the direct influence of the St. Petersburg architectural design of the dome on the Washington one. In particular, it turned out that the architect of the final version of the project of the American Congress, Thomas Walter, used the drawings of the creator Isaac Auguste Montferrand. Initially, on the site of the Congress building, it was supposed to build a domed tomb for the first US President George Washington, but this idea had to be abandoned when the last will of Washington became known, who bequeathed to bury him on the territory of the family estate.

When analyzing the documents, it turned out that there is not only an external, but also a constructive similarity between the domes of the cathedral and the Congress. St. Isaac's Cathedral Montferrand built 40 years, because no one had built such temples before him. Walter, following Montferrand - 10 years after the completion of the cathedral in the Russian capital - used lightweight frame structures to create his dome, and not brickwork, as in the similar Peter and Paul Cathedral in London, which at that time was a technical revolution.

Alexander Kvyatkovsky, head of the St. Isaac's Cathedral branch, talking about the features and differences, noted: "The weight of the dome of St. Isaac's Cathedral is 2.5 thousand tons. The dome of the Capitol is 4 thousand tons, although it is lower, and, it would seem, logically it should be lighter ".

From the history of the construction of the Capitol

The United States Capitol is a complex of monumental buildings in Washington DC, the seat of the US Congress. Located on Capitol Hill.

The history of the Washington State Capitol as a symbol of government authority dates back to the 1787 US Constitution. It spoke of the need to allocate a special territory not exceeding 10 square miles (16 square kilometers), the place - Jenkins Hill was chosen on the banks of the Potomac River by the French engineer Major Pierre Charles L "Enfant", who developed the urban plan for Washington in the early 1790s. In 1792 he was removed from business.
In March of the same year, a competition for projects for the construction of the American Capitol was announced, but all 16 proposed options were rejected, only in the fall of 1792 was the project of William Thornton, an amateur architect from the British West Indies, accepted. President George Washington praised it as "grandness, simplicity and convenience", and on September 18, 1793, he himself laid the first stone in the southeast corner of the foundation.
The north wing was completed in 1800, the south - seven years later, already under the direction of Benjamin Latrobe (Benjamin Latrobe), who was the chief architect of the complex in 1803-1818. He built the hall of the House of Representatives and set about rebuilding the north wing, but in 1813, due to the second war with Great Britain (1812-1815), construction was stopped..

Photo: Public domai from the Capitol exhibition in 1800

In August 1814, British troops marched on Washington and most of it burned down in a fire.

Over the next few years, Latrobe worked to rebuild what had been destroyed.
Money was tight, and a disagreement over whether to make the ceilings of the Senate and the House of Representatives domed led to Latrobe's resignation.

The construction of the central part between the wings, over which the dome now rises, was already led by the Boston architect Charles Bulfinch (Charles Bulfinch). He also managed to rebuild the premises of the Supreme Court, the room for the Senate and the hall of the House of Representatives.
The last part of the Capitol, the East Open Gallery, was completed in 1826. For the next four years, work was going on here on landscape design, small architectural forms, fencing and the gate of the Capitol.

In 1830, the construction of the Capitol was officially completed. But alterations and completions were carried out in subsequent years.

Due to the fact that the territory of the United States grew, and the number of legislators increased, there was a constant need to expand the Capitol. The tender for this work was won by the famous Philadelphia architect Thomas Walter.
Thomas Walter Photo: Public domain
In 14 years, he managed to more than double the size of the Capitol, erect an iron dome and decorate the interior.

Photo: Public domain The Capitol in 1846
The original dome was modeled after the Roman Pantheon. New (hemispheric) - with the help of steam cranes was installed in 1859. From the inside, the dome of the Capitol is decorated with the first fresco in the United States - "The Apotheosis of Washington" by the Italian artist Constantino Brumidi (Constantino Brumidi).

In the photo: the construction of a connecting corridor between the "old" and "new" wing of the building, 1857.

Photo: Public domain Rotunda superstructure in 1861

Model of the Capitol Photo: Architect of the Capitol
Work on dismantling the old dome began in 1855. With the outbreak of civil war, the contractor was notified of the suspension of funding, but the company decided to continue work nonetheless. The last part of the Statue of Liberty was installed on December 2, 1863, and the interior was completed in 1866. The total cost of the dome was $1,047,291.

In the middle of the 19th century, additional wings were added on both sides of the Capitol - for the House of Representatives and for the Senate. In 1865 the complex was equipped with a steam heating system, in 1874 with elevators, in 1882 with electric lighting. The office buildings for both chambers were completed in 1908-1909.

On the construction of the Capitol, 1907

July 1931

modernization of the exterior of the Capitol, 1960