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Hemoglobin is above normal. What is the danger of increased hemoglobin in women

Hemoglobin is above normal. What is the danger of increased hemoglobin in women

An increase in hemoglobin in women compared to the norm is a rare phenomenon. If it suddenly turns out that its content is more than 140 g / l, then you should think about the reason for the increase. First you need to know the number of red blood cells. If it is also above the norm, then we are most likely talking about functional changes in the blood, but if it is normal, or reduced, the presence of a disease is not excluded, which is to be determined by the examination.

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Causes of increased hemoglobin in women

To the factors causing an increase in hemoglobin in women, relate:

Permanent stay in high-altitude areas, at altitudes not lower than 2 km. The higher, the more pronounced is hyperhemoglobinemia (increased hemoglobin content in the blood). The body tries to compensate for the lack of oxygen by increasing the number of red blood cells - erythrocytes, as well as the amount of hemoglobin in them. This change is not pathological, as it is functional, adaptive in nature.
Monotonous, long-term physical and sports loads. Constant tension requires an increased amount of necessary oxygen, which is achieved by deepening and quickening of breathing, and over time, a change in hemoglobin content.
Physiological fluid loss. A hot climate, work with increased sweating, reduced water intake, all these factors contribute to thickening of the blood and a relative increase in hemoglobin levels.
Intestinal infectious diseases, in which, against the background of fluid loss due to vomiting and diarrhea, plasma leaves the blood, and the relative number of red blood cells with hemoglobin increases. This phenomenon is temporary, because if diarrhea continues for a long time, then the woman will develop anemia.
Hemoglobin can increase with mental illness occurring with severe, cases of chronic heart and respiratory failure, and many other pathologies. In some situations, hyperhemoglobinemia occurs in the acute phase of the disease, in others - in the chronic phase.
Wakez disease. In this disease, the growth of red blood cells and hemoglobin is malignant.
Treatment of ailments associated with the use of diuretic drugs (hypertension, kidney disease).
Problems in the intestines that prevent the absorption of vitamin B12 and the products from which it can be synthesized.
Reception vitamin complexes during pregnancy, it can lead to excessive absorption of iron (due to enzymatic disorders) and, as a result, an increase in hemoglobin in the blood.
Increased hemoglobin during pregnancy.
Cases of increased hemoglobin of an unexplained nature.

Physiological hyperhemoglobinemia is not manifested by any painful sensations or conditions, that is, it is asymptomatic.

If elevated hemoglobin is due to a disease, then the patient may notice:

local areas of redness of the skin;
soreness in the body with dizziness and weakness;
thirst and dry mucous membranes;
number fluctuations blood pressure;
mental disorders in the form of mood swings and emotional instability;
painful and long periods.

As you can see, the symptomatic picture is similar to other diseases. Therefore, only on the basis of complaints to learn about elevated level hemoglobin is impossible.

Pathological hyperhemoglobinemia in a patient can be complicated by the development of angina pectoris, transient disorders of cerebral circulation, ischemic stroke, which occurs due to increased thrombus formation and blood viscosity.

Note:in most cases, a high level of hemoglobin is a secondary condition, a concomitant symptom of some disease.

Methods of treatment and correction of increased hemoglobin in women

The need to reduce the hemoglobin content in the blood in women is determined by the condition or disease that led to the violation.

Functional types of hyperhemoglobinemia generally do not require intervention and disappear on their own when the provoking factor is eliminated. For example - a hot climate and a decrease in water consumption. When exposed to normal conditions, hemoglobin numbers drop to normal.

If the cause of the increased hemoglobin is a disease, then only its treatment can bring the indicator back to normal.

Note: there are no specific drugs that can lower the level of hemoglobin, but the correction diet quite possible.

fermented milk drinks, cheeses, low-fat varieties of cottage cheese;
green fruits and vegetables;
rice, other cereals, except buckwheat;

Important:a diet with elevated hemoglobin, as well as drug treatment, is prescribed only by a doctor. Independent experiments can lead to undesirable consequences.

Preventive measures for elevated hemoglobin in women

Prevention of an increase in hemoglobin in women is to maintain a healthy lifestyle, quit smoking, alcohol. Normal nutrition, fresh air, a calm family atmosphere are the key to the health of any woman. It is important to remember that much depends on the personal reaction to all environmental stimuli. We must learn to live right. And it's never too late to do it!

Stepanenko Vladimir, surgeon

They talk about high hemoglobin when the indicator exceeds the norm by 20 - 25 units. Moreover, a high value is not an independent disease, it serves as a sign of a pathology present in the body.

It would seem that this is not bad when there is a lot of hemoglobin. But this state has great importance for the human body. When the hemoglobin concentration is increased, the blood thickens. This, in turn, provokes the formation of blood clots in the blood vessels.

Causes of increased hemoglobin in adults and children

Consider the reasons why hemoglobin is elevated in a blood test, depending on gender and age.

In newborns in the first 3 days of life, hemoglobin levels are kept at a high level (about 220 g / l). These values are typical for a fetus that needs a lot of red blood cells, since pulmonary respiration does not function. Starting from the fourth day, the hemoglobin concentration begins to gradually decrease. The decrease in values lasts for 6 months. This is the physiological cause of increased hemoglobin in newborns.

If the hemoglobin level does not decrease by the age of one month, then this indicates the presence of such a pathology:

UPU ( birth defects hearts);
Blood diseases and impaired hematopoiesis;
Pulmonary insufficiency;
Intestinal obstruction;
Malignant neoplasms;
Dehydration.

In adolescence, the causes of increased hemoglobin in the blood may be:

Increased blood pressure associated with puberty;
Smoking that teenagers don't take seriously;
Stress and psychological trauma. The psyche of adolescents is subjected to great tests (exams, problems with parents due to lack of mutual understanding, choice life path, hormonal changes);
The use of steroids (typical of young people).

More about high hemoglobin the child can read.

Causes of high hemoglobin in adults:

Accommodation in the highlands;
Stay in a hot climate, which contributes to the physiological dehydration of the body;
Intense physical activity;
Pregnancy, as well as taking vitamins, which during this period contribute to greater absorption of iron;
Intestinal infections that are accompanied by frequent diarrhea and vomiting (pathological dehydration);
Intestinal diseases, in which the ability of the mucous membrane to absorb vitamin B12 is impaired;
Treatment with diuretics;
Chronic heart failure;
Diabetes;
burns;
Violation of the hematopoietic function of the bone marrow.

Symptoms of high hemoglobin

It should be noted that this condition does not have a specific clinical picture. Quite often, a person does not even notice that there is an excess of hemoglobin in the body. However, if this condition lasts for a long time, general symptoms may appear. But they do not indicate an increase in hemoglobin.

Symptoms of hyperhemoglobinemia:

Increased fatigue;
Sleep problems (insomnia, superficial sleep, heavy and prolonged falling asleep);
Decreased or lack of appetite;
Beaten in the head;
Dizziness;
Pain in the abdomen;
Hypertension (increased blood pressure);
Skin itching;
Joint pain;
The formation of blood clots;
Diarrhea, followed by constipation;
Decrease in body weight;
The appearance of areas of hyperemia and pallor on the skin.

Diagnostics

To begin with, the doctor must collect an anamnesis, that is, find out possible symptoms and reasons. AT without fail examination of the skin and mucous membranes is carried out, and the level of blood pressure is also determined.

Patients are assigned a clinical or general blood test, which helps to determine the level of hemoglobin. Blood is taken from a finger. Special preparation is not required, but there are general recommendations:

The analysis is given on an empty stomach;
The day before, stop drinking alcohol;
The day before blood sampling, adjust the menu, that is, avoid eating foods high in iron in large quantities. This can lead to a false positive result;
Do not smoke before the study for 30 - 60 minutes;
Observe the drinking regime.

The result of the analysis is ready the next day.

Drugs for the treatment of elevated hemoglobin

Any medication must be prescribed by the attending physician. In this case, the appointment is made by a therapist or hematologist. If hemoglobin is elevated due to diabetes, then a correction of the dosage of "Insulin" is necessary. This question is solved by the endocrinologist.

Drug treatment is aimed at preventing the agglutination of red blood cells, which are highly concentrated in hyperhemoglobinemia. For this purpose, drugs from the group of antiplatelet agents are prescribed, which include:

"Trental" prevents erythrocytes from sticking together and sticking to the walls of blood vessels. The drug should not be taken during pregnancy;
"Aspirin". In this case, small doses of the drug are used. It should not be taken in the presence of peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum, a tendency to bleeding, later dates pregnancy;
"Clopidogrel". This tool is used only in the treatment of adults (over 18 years of age). Contraindication is peptic ulcer, severe liver pathology;
"Kurantil" inhibits the adhesion of platelets. A contraindication is a tendency to bleeding and bleeding, renal and hepatic insufficiency.

You can learn more about how to lower hemoglobin.

Nutrition and diet with elevated hemoglobin

It is of no small importance in the treatment. It is used as an independent home therapy (with a slight increase in indicators) and as an auxiliary treatment (together with medications).

The basics of nutrition with increased hemoglobin:

So that a person does not have a protein deficiency, legumes, white meat of chicken and turkey, nuts and soy are introduced into the menu. Plant protein is preferred over animal protein.

If the cause was dehydration, then it is necessary to adjust the drinking regimen. On average, an adult should drink from 1.5 to 2 liters.

It should be remembered that in no case can you completely exclude iron-containing products. This can be harmful to health.

What is dangerous elevated hemoglobin

Why and how is elevated hemoglobin dangerous to health? A high level of hemoglobin can cause quite serious pathological conditions:

Blood clotting. An increase in the number of red blood cells leads to an increase in the viscosity of this biological fluid. Which in turn contributes to the formation of a large number of blood clots (thrombi);
Disturbance of the patient's well-being(decreased performance, frequent headaches, weakness, fainting);
Pulmonary embolism- obstruction of a pulmonary artery by a thrombus. This condition is quite dangerous and can be fatal;
ONMK(stroke or acute cerebrovascular accident). There is a blockage of cerebral vessels with blood clots, which develops acute oxygen starvation of brain cells and tissues;
Acute myocardial infarction- embolism of the coronary arteries, which leads to necrosis (death) of the myocardium;
Children may experience mental retardation.

Now you have learned why the hemoglobin level in a blood test in an adult or child can be elevated and what this means.

Hemoglobin is a complex iron-containing protein that is part of red blood cells. It takes part in the transport of oxygen from the lungs to the cells of all organs and the removal of carbon dioxide in the opposite direction.

It can be immediately noted that a high level of hemoglobin indicates increased blood clotting, which is not a positive thing. As a result of the increase in blood viscosity, the likelihood of producing blood clots increases, in addition, the transport of oxygen is also difficult.

To understand whether it is worth worrying and how drastic measures to take, you need to know what indicator is considered optimal for good health. What does this elevated hemoglobin mean, and what should be done in such a situation, we will consider in this material.

Norm

Normal levels of hemoglobin in the blood for women are 120-140 g / l and for men - 135-160 g / l.

The indicator may fluctuate depending on the physical and mental state. Its prolonged decrease or increase in comparison with normal indicators indicates trouble in the body.

Increased hemoglobin in men

It can be as a result of smoking, due to the state of the body caused by a number of diseases. In diseases such as erythrocytosis, pernicious anemia and hemolytic anemia, when the composition of the blood changes.

With erythrocytosis, the number of red blood cells increases, which can be caused by a disease of the kidneys, lungs, and heart. The reasons that increase hemoglobin may be artificial valves in the heart, cholelithiasis. Lack of folic acid, vitamin B12 due to diseases of the gastric mucosa, which is unable to absorb these essential elements, can also contribute to an increase in hemoglobin in men.

Increased hemoglobin in women

What does this mean, and what should be done? In women, elevated hemoglobin is observed quite rarely. As mentioned above, the norm in healthy women varies between 120 and 140 g / l.

It is allowed that hemoglobin is increased within 10-20 units, if the indicators are above 20, it should be examined. Causes can include blood disorders, congenital heart defects, cancer, and cardiopulmonary failure.

What does high hemoglobin mean?

The considered component of blood is contained in the erythrocytes produced by the bone marrow. These red blood cells carry out the function of carrying oxygen to various organs.

Therefore, if hemoglobin rises, most likely, hypoxia (oxygen starvation) occurs in some area of the body. Because of it, the bone marrow produces too many red blood cells, and blood viscosity increases.

Causes of high hemoglobin

Why is hemoglobin elevated, and what does it mean? Changes in such an important indicator as the level of hemoglobin indicate that there has been a dysfunction of certain organs and systems. Although in some cases high hemoglobin is the norm - for example, in people living in mountainous areas. This is a compensatory reaction of the body to a lack of oxygen high in the mountains.

The main reasons for the increase in hemoglobin in the blood in an adult, including in women, are:

Not too disturbing, although a negative sign, is increased hemoglobin in smokers(as well as people who have recently been in a fire). The fact is that hemoglobin is able to carry only oxygen or carbon dioxide, easily replacing them with each other.
severe dehydration increases plasma levels, and as a result, the volume of circulating blood increases. The process of dehydration itself does not increase the level of red blood cells, however, the consequences expressed in an increase in blood volume increase their concentration in general, which is also expressed in an increased level of hemoglobin.
Acquired heart defects, characterized high pressure in the pulmonary circulation. To the greatest extent, this is typical for mitral stenosis of rheumatic etiology.
congenital heart disease, especially defects that are accompanied by an enrichment of pulmonary blood flow. In this case, the skin color changes from early childhood and has a bluish tint. The child is often worried about shortness of breath, coughing may occur. Conducting an ultrasound of the heart allows you to make the correct diagnosis. Treatment of such diseases with a pronounced clinic is only operative.
An increase in the number of red blood cells in the blood (erythrocytosis).
An increase in the amount of hemoglobin in the blood plasma (hemoglobinemia).
Impaired patency of the intestine.
Lung disease and pulmonary insufficiency.
An excess of vitamins B6 and B12 in the human body.
Oncological diseases.

However, an increased content of hemoglobin in the blood can be associated not only with various kinds of diseases, but also with the living environment and lifestyle.

Physiological causes

Consider the main reasons for the increase in hemoglobin, which are of external origin:

Living at high altitudes. The higher the altitude, the lower the level of oxygen in the air. Because of this, the body produces as much hemoglobin as possible in order to bind the maximum amount of oxygen.
Regular being outdoors and playing sports increase hemoglobin levels.
In women, an external factor that affects the increase in hemoglobin can be considered pregnancy.
Features of the profession. The point is that sometimes work takes place in conditions of low oxygen content, and the body reacts to such a state by raising the level of hemoglobin in the blood.
The use of anabolic steroids.

High hemoglobin is a less dangerous phenomenon than if the level is low, since anemia is diagnosed with low levels of this substance. However, it is worth noting that elevated hemoglobin is still a reason to seek medical help, as it may indicate the presence of a serious pathology in the body.

It has been observed that hemoglobin above normal increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease, and often leads to the development of strokes and heart attacks.

Symptoms and consequences of high hemoglobin

With high hemoglobin, a person may not experience any symptoms, but with a long and significant change in this indicator with a complex of concomitant diseases, the patient may have various vague symptoms that are of a general nature and do not indicate a specific disease:

increased fatigue, lethargy;
weak appetite;
drowsiness or vice versa problems with falling asleep;
pain in the joints, bones - in the ribs, hips;
blood pressure rises;
headaches, dizziness;
itching of the skin, especially after a shower, bath;
stomach ache.
rapid bruising and easy bleeding.

These signs appear on the external level. But the most dangerous processes occur inside the body. There is a thickening of the blood medium, an increase in its viscosity and a decrease in the rate of circulation in the body. Because of this, the internal organs do not receive nutrition. The most serious consequence is the formation of blood clots and plaques that cause heart attacks and strokes.

How to lower hemoglobin in the blood

If what causes hemoglobin to rise is not associated with serious pathologies, then high hemoglobin can be affected by a certain diet or medicines. Among the pharmaceutical preparations that are relatively freely available, one can single out those that are aimed at thinning the blood: Curantil, Cardiomagnyl, Trental, or ordinary Aspirin. Only a specialist appoints them.

In order to reduce the level of hemoglobin at home, you need to take a stricter approach to your diet and review your diet:

Increasing fluid levels in the body. To do this, it is enough to drink more warm liquid. If this is not possible (for example, with severe extensive burns), then droppers with saline are used.
It is recommended to reduce in the diet fats, cream confections and eggs, as they raise cholesterol and so on in thick blood. Do not take multivitamins and preparations containing copper and iron. Choose seafood, white meat, legumes, nuts, and vegetables.
Should limit the use of foods that increase hemoglobin. These are products rich in protein and iron - red meat, fruits, vegetables and red berries, meat offal, fish caviar, butter, buckwheat porridge, sweet and smoked.

It is useful to eat such foods:

Fish of any kind and seafood (except mussels).
Chicken meat.
Some legumes.
Fresh raw salads from vegetables and fruits.
Boiled and baked vegetables.

We have already said that elevated hemoglobin is only a symptom of some disease. Therefore, simultaneously with its normalization, it is necessary to find and eliminate the primary cause.

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Hemoglobin is the main component of red blood cells and is responsible for carrying oxygen from the lungs to the tissues. The concentration of this element is considered one of the most important biochemical indicators of blood. Depending on how high or low the level of hemoglobin in a woman is, one can judge the causes of internal trouble in her body.

What is the normal level of hemoglobin in women?

According to a separate scale, doctors evaluate the level of hemoglobin in the blood of pregnant women. The lower limit of the norm in the I and III trimester of pregnancy is 110 g / l, in the II - 105 g / l. The upper value throughout the entire period of expectation of the child should not exceed 120 g / l.

The significant difference in normal parameters in pregnant and non-pregnant women is explained by the physiological changes that occur in the body of the expectant mother. During gestation, the volume of circulating blood increases by 50%, so it becomes increasingly difficult for the bone marrow to supply hemoglobin in sufficient quantities. In addition, additional iron consumption is required for the formation of the placenta and the growing embryo.

The reasons for the increase in hemoglobin in women can be both physiological and pathological. The former include intense physical activity and prolonged exposure to hypoxia (for example, living in a high mountainous area). At the same time, the body begins to experience an acute lack of oxygen, which it compensates for by the “overproduction” of red blood cells. Such deviations from the norm, as a rule, are always insignificant - within 10-20 g / l. They do not alarm doctors and do not require medical intervention.

The situation is much more serious if hemoglobin rises for no apparent reason. This can be a sign of dangerous pathologies, in particular, intestinal obstruction or cardiopulmonary insufficiency.

The most dangerous is when the hemoglobin concentration reaches 180-190 g/l. At the same time, an increase in blood viscosity is observed, microcirculation processes are disrupted, and oxygen delivery to organs is hampered. Such patients are diagnosed with blue fingertips and toes, fatigue, loss of appetite, absent-mindedness and irritability.

Prolonged circulatory disorders lead to the development of thromboembolism (blockage of blood vessels). Therefore, an excessively high level of hemoglobin is a condition that requires immediate treatment.

How to lower hemoglobin in women?

To reduce hemoglobin, the following measures can be used:

Diet therapy. The patient is asked not to abuse foods high in iron: red meat, animal by-products (liver, kidneys, etc.). Limit the consumption of foods that increase cholesterol levels and blood viscosity ( butter, pork, caviar, confectionery). The diet is recommended to be filled with protein foods: legumes, white meat, fish. Fast food, carbonated drinks, canned food and semi-finished products are completely excluded. Also, during the period of treatment, it is forbidden to take vitamin-mineral complexes containing Vit. B12, folic acid and iron.

taking antiplatelet agents. These drugs thin the blood and reduce the risk of blood clots. However, you should not use them yourself without the appointment of a specialist - you can harm your health. The reasonableness of the use of antiplatelet agents should be consulted with your doctor.

Search for the underlying disease. An increase in hemoglobin indicates a malfunction in the body. To identify the cause of the problem, the doctor must prescribe a comprehensive medical examination.

A condition in which hemoglobin drops below normal is called iron deficiency anemia (or anemia). An experienced doctor is able to detect pathology even before passing laboratory tests, barely looking at the patient who turned to him. Pale face, dry skin, "seizures" in the corners of the mouth, dull hair and sluggish movements are the main symptoms of low hemoglobin. And if, in addition to this, a woman complains of increased fatigue, “flies” in her eyes and frequent dizziness, then the diagnosis does not raise any doubts at all.

In pregnant women, anemia is often accompanied by eating and smell disorders. The desire to eat chalk, coal, sand, sniff whitewash or gasoline is by no means a “cute whim” of a future mother, but a reason to see a doctor.

The danger of anemia lies in the insufficient supply of oxygen to the tissues. At the initial stages of the disease, the body tries to cope with the lack of a vital element, depriving it of the least significant organs from its point of view (hair, nails, teeth). However, over time, oxygen deficiency increases and everyone has to “starve”, including the brain and heart. In order to prevent serious complications, it is important to identify and eliminate the cause of the disease at an early stage of its development.

Causes of low hemoglobin in women

Anemia can be caused by:

Wrong nutrition. In order for hemoglobin to be synthesized in the right amount, a sufficient amount of iron must be supplied to the woman's body with food. Its main source is animal products: meat, liver, kidneys. Plants also contain iron, but in a form that is absorbed much worse. This is why vegetarianism and low-meat diets are becoming one of the most common causes anemia. Excess consumption of foods that inhibit iron absorption can also lead to a decrease in hemoglobin: coffee, tea, chocolate, cereals.

Folic acid deficiency, vit. C or vit. B12 in the body. All these elements play an important role in the formation of hemoglobin. Deficiency of vit. B12 is most often caused by helminthic invasion, and a lack of vit. C and folic acid - an unbalanced nutritional diet.

Loss of blood. They can be both obvious (with systematic donation, heavy prolonged menstruation, uterine bleeding), and hidden (blood loss associated with hemorrhoids, ulcerative lesions of the digestive tract, polyps in the large intestine, etc.).

Hypothyroidism. Thyroid hormone - thyroxine - regulates the absorption of iron in the intestine. Its deficiency entails a lack of hemoglobin.

Diseases of the digestive system. , or intestines lead to thinning of the mucous membrane of the digestive tract, as a result of which iron practically ceases to be absorbed.

Premature death of red blood cells. This condition can be caused by long-term infectious diseases (, etc.) or immune disorders (for example, rheumatoid).

sedentary image life. Physical activity is one of the factors affecting the synthesis of red blood cells. If the blood is not accelerated intensively enough throughout the body, the brain receives signals that there are “enough” erythrocytes and their additional synthesis is not required.

Stress. They can cause a decrease in appetite and, as a result, insufficient intake of iron from food.

What to do if the hemoglobin is 60-80 in a woman?

A hemoglobin level below 80 g/l is considered severe anemia. Correction of the state is carried out taking into account the factor that caused it. To find out the cause of the pathology, a woman is asked to take a series of tests and go through specialists: a gynecologist, a gastroenterologist, an endocrinologist, a nutritionist. After identifying the underlying disease, the patient is selected a set of therapeutic measures aimed at combating it.

These include:

beef, lamb, white rabbit meat,

liver, tongue, kidneys,

egg yolk,

dried apricots, raisins, prunes, figs,

apple and pomegranate juice,

buckwheat soups and cereals,

sprouted grains of wheat,

plums, green apples,

The body itself is able to regulate the amount of iron absorbed from food - with a shortage, it increases and vice versa.

It is very useful for low hemoglobin to drink plenty of water. Doctors advise taking plain water and juices 1/4 cup every 30 minutes.

Sample menu for patients with anemia:

1st breakfast

Millet porridge with dried apricots, prunes and nuts, 1 tbsp. apple juice, wheat bread.

2nd breakfast

White bread sandwich with cheese, 1 tbsp. rosehip decoction.

Fresh vegetable salad with pieces of meat, vegetable soup on beef broth, dried fruit compote.

Fruit or fruit and berry salad, croutons, fresh

Education: In 2013, the Kursk State medical University and received a Diploma in Medicine. After 2 years, the residency in the specialty "Oncology" was completed. In 2016, she completed postgraduate studies at the Pirogov National Medical and Surgical Center.

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