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List of all possible professions. Occupation types

List of all possible professions. Occupation types

In the legislation of the Russian Federation, a number of normative acts have been adopted that establish the procedure for classifying working professions, as well as positions of employees. What is the purpose of these sources of law? Which of them are among the most demanded at Russian enterprises?

9149 - this figure shows that we are talking about the profession of a turner;

6 - this figure is a control number;

02 - the corresponding indicator indicates that the profession corresponds to the 2nd edition of the Unified Qualification Handbook;

7223 - this figure reflects the correspondence of the profession to the base group related to the Classifier of Occupations;

5 - the corresponding indicator reflects the fact that a person needs to have the 5th tariff category;

12 - this figure shows that a piece-bonus scheme for calculating salaries for employees is used;

1 - the corresponding indicator reflects that the working profession is characterized by normal working conditions;

2 - this figure means that a person carries out his labor activity through machines and mechanisms.

It turns out that the turner profession code, generated based on the criteria reflected in the Classifier, will look like 19149602722351212.

Similarly, the list of professions of the Russian Federation also provides for facet codes when classifying the positions of employees. Let's consider them.

Facet codes for employees according to the Classifier

In this case, we are talking about codes that reflect the category of the position - they contain 1 character, as well as indicating a specific position according to the Classifier of Occupations, in which 4 characters are fixed.

Through 3 facets, positions are reflected on such grounds as:

Derived positions (facet 11, represented by 2 characters);

It can be noted that facets 11 and 12 are selected based on the specifics of a particular position. So, in derivative positions qualification is not fixed. Therefore, only facet 11 is selected for the respective positions.

Employee position code: example

For example, a position such as deputy head of the financial and economic department of an enterprise will have a code consisting of indicators such as:

2 - denoting the position;

4695 - reflecting the fact that we are talking about the position of the head of the department;

1 - used as a control number;

1 - reflecting the fact that we are talking about the category of managers in the enterprise;

1231 - indicating the relationship of the position with the corresponding base group in the Occupation Classifier;

03 - reflecting the fact that we are talking about a derived position.

The relationship of OK 016-94 and the classifier of occupations

It can be noted that between the objects of the Classifier, which was introduced by the Decree of the State Standard on the approval of the list of professions and positions, and those that are present in the Classifier of occupations, it is assumed that there are connections that allow the former to be attributed to one group or another within the list to which the latter belong. . That is, each position - a worker or an employee, as a rule, can be attributed to a certain category of occupation.

However, it should be noted that taking into account the fact that such concepts as “occupation”, “profession”, as well as “position” differ significantly from each other, the employee of the personnel department of the enterprise who uses the Classifier in question may need to use explanations to individual groupings of the Occupation Classifier - in order to determine an unambiguous connection with its objects of those positions that are provided for by the considered official list of professions and positions.

Document overview

On September 1, 2013, a new Law on Education comes into force (except for certain provisions). In this regard, a list of professions of workers, positions of employees for which vocational training is carried out has been established. The previous list of vocational training professions is no longer valid.

The new list, unlike the previous one, also includes positions of civil servants. In total - 142.

Now, for each profession and position, the assigned qualifications are indicated. This was not on the previous list. The division of professions into 2 categories (general and by individual industries) is preserved.

From 184 to 175, the number of professions common to all sectors of the economy is decreasing. The driver of vehicles equipped with devices for giving special light and sound signals is excluded; hydrometrist; conductor; checkpoint controller; laboratory assistant for individual dosimetric control; security guard; industrial climber; private detective and security guard.

Changes also apply to professions in certain industries. Thus, their number in the field of construction, installation and repair and construction works is reduced (from 168 to 154). The picker of building materials, products and equipment is excluded; construction painter; installer of microprocessor and fiber-optic equipment, as well as frame-sheathing structures. The new list does not include drivers of the following equipment: joint filler; machines for laying road curbs; machines for the device of protective rough layers of road surfaces; a mobile complex equipped with units for the preparation of mortars and cement concrete mixtures; remixer; recycler (cold); mobile installation for sorting and preparation of mineral materials for the installation of protective coating layers; road cutter; crushed stone distributor.

The word "profession" comes from the Latin "professio", which means "official occupation, occupation." The modern definition of this term is more voluminous and sounds like this: “a profession is a historically emerged form of labor activity, for the performance of which a person must have certain knowledge, skills, abilities, as well as professionally important qualities.”

Our list of professions is constantly updated and growing.

There is a special list of professions (where, unfortunately, no description can be found) approved by the Ministry of Labor of Russia - the All-Russian Classifier of Occupations of Workers, Positions of Employees and Wage Levels (OKPDTR). As a rule, a rigid tariff scale is actually used only in state and budgetary institutions. Private firms and commercial organizations are more loyal to the discrepancy between education, profession and position.

Career guidance advice from the Professional Guide will help you in this important matter not only as informational support, but will indicate the direction and set benchmarks that correspond to your abilities. Indeed, to build a successful career and a decent life in the future, it is not enough to determine the propensity for a particular profession. A psychologist will help you choose a profession that matches your talents, but in different industries - the most developed in the present and promising in the future.

The world of professions is incredibly diverse and large. In order not to get lost in this diversity, the professions were conditionally divided into groups: man-man, man-technology, man-nature, man-artistic image.

We do everything so that you understand your desires and acquire the necessary information.

Professional Guide will give you:

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to know yourself from a new side, to be surprised and enjoy these discoveries.

When choosing a profession, two main criteria should be taken into account: personal qualities and the so-called professional suitability. Simply put, a person must not only want to work in a certain area, but also have a certain potential for self-realization in it.

"Techies" and "humanists" - the most elementary division of people according to the criterion of professional suitability. The corresponding abilities can be pronounced, but it also happens that a person has approximately the same inclination towards both the technical and the humanities. In any case, within each of these two groups of professions, there are many subgroups, and therefore the choice is quite wide.

Even the ancient Romans noticed that mala herba cito crescit (“weed grows quickly”), and in order to get a good harvest, you need to work hard, and with skill. Today, the food security of the seven billion people is provided by agronomists, gardeners, farmers, machine operators and even foresters - all those who work on the land or are professionally engaged in crop production.

The list of professions related to security can be both technical and social and humanitarian, or it can be at the junction of these two areas. In addition, in this area there is a division into power security and information. Security in the field of IT and engineering security is especially relevant at the enterprise level, and fire and military security are, as a rule, matters of public service.

Representatives of the military professions do not "work", but carry out public service. In addition, to become a military man, you usually need to receive appropriate education from school age. The military professional sphere provides the country with people who can and are able to make responsible decisions, conduct a competent strategy, and also contribute to its technical development. In a word, the mission of protecting the state in peacetime and wartime is entrusted to their shoulders.

There are professions that can be attributed to several categories at once, or, conversely, they do not fit into any list of specialties: for example, an expert or a priest. It is about them that we are talking about in this section.

The name of the profession "engineer" goes back to the Latin word ingenium, which means "ability, ingenuity." And in fact, engineers are not only technically competent builders, oilmen, mechanics, thermal power engineers or corrosive labor protection specialists, but also creators - designers, designers, empirical physicists involved in applied development and research.

The list of creative professions is quite wide. The list includes artistic, theatrical, pop, dance and other areas related to art. If you feel that you are creative and talented, and creativity and art are the areas where you can express yourself, then you should definitely read this section.

To the specialties, to put it simply, related to a computer, a large group of professions directly related to information technology is included. IT (in the English version IT - information technology) is a set of methods and means for collecting, processing, storing and transmitting text, video or audio data. The use and development of this harmonious system is provided by IT specialists, in other words, IT specialists: web developers, software testers, programmers, content managers, system administrators and dozens of other professionals involved in computer equipment, software and their use.

Professions associated with the sky, of course, poetically can be called the most sublime, and they are suitable for one hundred percent romantics. But you need to be prepared for the fact that the specialties of an air traffic controller, stewardess or pilot will require quite earthly and absolute dedication - it is not for nothing that cosmonauts and test pilots are awarded the title of Hero of Russia for their work.

In the 21st century, beauty and fashion have become powerful industries, which means that professionals are needed to work in them, and very different ones: makeup artists, hairdressers, stylists, fashion designers. Breaking through and making a name for yourself in this area is not easy, but it is extremely interesting to work.

Light industry is understood as a set of industries that produce a huge range of consumer goods - from toys and souvenirs to household items that are impossible to do without in everyday life. All this is developed and manufactured by representatives of different professions: clothing designers, fashion designers, tailors, seamstresses, shoemakers, weavers, furniture makers.

Modern linguists are no longer pure humanists who compare the vocabulary of Byron's and Pushkin's poems or collect dialect expressions on expeditions to cities and villages in order to compile a dictionary of dialects of disappearing peoples. Today, the list of professions related to the theoretical study and practical application of different languages includes not only a translator and linguist, but also specialists in information intelligent systems involved in the development of speech recognition programs, automatic text processing and other software.

In order for each customer to always be able to find on the shelves of the supermarket, in the collection of the boutique and in the salon of household appliances exactly the goods that he needs, the system of purchases, transportation, and warehousing must be clearly established. All this is done by sales managers, buyers, merchandisers, supervisors, brokers, brokers, logisticians, storekeepers, freight forwarders and other representatives of professions related to the field of trade.

Doctors, nurses, geneticists, virologists and other researchers in the field of medical science chose the medical profession in their time. The level of responsibility in this area goes off scale, and the knowledge necessary for work is sometimes at the intersection of such sciences as chemistry, physics, biology, and even engineering. The list of specializations for doctors is not long. Today, medical institutions are constantly in need of anesthesiologists, pediatric and adult resuscitators, narcologists and psychiatrists, as well as emergency doctors and workers in the field of medical laboratory diagnostics.

The common phrase that every cook can govern the state, in the original looks different and has an absolutely opposite meaning: it boils down to the fact that administration at all levels must be learned. The art of leadership is mastered by graduate HR, customer service or tourism managers, crisis managers, commercial and financial directors and representatives of other administrative professions.

On the seas, on the waves - now here, tomorrow there. If you are ready to live in such a rhythm, then the professions of a sea captain, sailor, navigator, minder or diver are just for you. Work in the navy cannot be called easy, but marine specialties have long and probably forever received the status of the most romantic.

In universities, everyone studies a variety of academic disciplines; for many graduates of higher educational institutions, science becomes a profession. Historians and philosophers, ethnographers and anthropologists, archaeologists and paleontologists, ecologists and sociologists, art historians and cultural scientists, nuclear physicists and biochemists, meteorologists and cartographers, geologists and gemologists - they all work in different branches of fundamental or applied science.

With the development of the segment of non-state education, the level of demand for representatives of pedagogical professions has increased dramatically. In addition, the practice of private tutoring has recently become very common. Babysitting and employment in preschool institutions also require teacher education from the candidate. Modern educational, entertainment and sports studios for children and adults offer dance, language, and creative classes. In all these areas, the profession of a teacher is in demand.

Everyone loves to eat deliciously, but if at home we often get by with amateur express scrambled eggs, “built” in haste and as God puts it on our souls, then on an industrial scale, professionals are engaged in the preparation and production of food: catering technologists, cooks, bakers, restaurateurs, and even tasters and sommeliers who personally test the taste of food and make wine lists.

Civil servants are employees of executive, legislative, regional and municipal authorities, employees of the police, prosecutors, courts, the Ministry of Emergency Situations and even the military. That is, these are not only officials in the usual sense for the majority, but in general all professionals working in state civil or law enforcement agencies. Therefore, by and large, politicians and diplomats can be called civil servants.

Professions related to working with people either carry a certain social benefit, or are at the junction of two (or more) areas of activity, pursuing slightly different goals. So, if we compare, for example, the profession of a teacher and a personnel manager, then the first one works exclusively with people and for the sake of people (in general), and the second one pursues corporate interests. Therefore, working with people is a very general concept, which, however, in all cases requires the employee to display highly moral human qualities.

It is not for nothing that wild and domestic animals are called our smaller brothers: just like people, they need qualified medical care, professional care, proper education and reliable protection. Veterinarians, paramedics, cynologists, groomers, zoologists, trainers, huntsmen, in a word, specialists whose work involves direct or indirect contact with animals, do all this for the inhabitants of the wild and pets.

Any enterprise and each organization must work as a well-coordinated organism - otherwise it will not be possible to obtain sensible results and not withstand market competition. In medium-sized, and especially large, companies, employees of the administrative and economic department and, to no lesser extent, representatives of office professions: administrators, secretaries, clerks, ensure the smooth functioning of the production mechanism.

The service and tourism industry rests on the shoulders of not only the owners of service companies, hotel empires and VIP or budget travel agencies. The main "actors and performers" in it are employees of all enterprises of various sectors of the hospitality industry: head waiters, guides, waiters, tourism managers and even animators who entertain vacationers and are responsible for their good mood.

Representatives of several dozen specialties work in the field of mass media and publishing. All of them provide the publication of books, newspapers, magazines. In recent decades, many traditional professions for this field, for example, a journalist, editor or illustrator, have adapted to the characteristics of electronic media and virtual information platforms without changing their essence. Like hundreds of years ago, correspondents, columnists, reporters, proofreaders, typesetters and other professionals do everything to ensure that the reader receives high quality information - no matter what format it will be presented in.

The field of engineering and technology is suitable for people with pronounced inclinations towards the exact sciences: mathematics, chemistry, physics, computer science. The corresponding professions are characterized by high dynamism: this is due to the constantly ongoing industrial and technical development. Graphs, lists, drawings and calculations - this is the tool base of technical professions. To enjoy such work, one must not only be able to do all this, but also sincerely love the exact sciences.

Transport plays an important role in the national economy of the country. It, in turn, is greatly influenced by technological progress. Not only the scale of transportation is growing, but also the level of comfort, technical equipment of route lines, etc. People who manage and service transport are always in demand, but the choice of a transport profession is associated with a significant level of responsibility. The dynamism of this area also requires employees to constantly improve their skills.

The economy, like engineering and technology, loves precision and certainty. However, accuracy alone is not enough in her world: among other things, economic professions have their own specifics, which lies in the constant need for forecasting, positioning and analysis. Entrepreneurship as a profession combines all of the above, because market processes are subject to the laws of various economic sciences, and for successful business, absolutely all factors in this field of activity must be taken into account.

The list of legal professions is traditionally associated with justice, but in the conditions of an emerging (developing) rule of law state, this is by no means the end of the matter. Both state and commercial organizations resort to the help of lawyers, and the scale can be very different - from an enterprise to the world stage. The activities of non-profit organizations are also subject to legal norms, so good lawyers do not remain without work.

A few years before the graduation class of the school, teenagers face the question: "What profession should I choose for myself?" This choice is quite difficult, because it is influenced by parents, friends and others around. It is important to have an idea of what professions exist, how many there are, and what you need in order to choose one or another direction for yourself.

What professions exist? Classifications

When answering the question "what professions exist?", it must be taken into account that everything depends on the criterion by which the division is carried out. There are several classification systems for all existing professions. The most popular - according to E. A. Klimov, which divides all specialties in accordance with the system of relationships between man and nature, man, technology, sign system and artistic image.

Classification of professions according to E.A. Klimov

Specialties "man-man" is the most understandable system, since a person encounters people of this system every day in everyday life: teachers, salespeople, doctors, hairdressers, etc.

"Man and technology" are technicians, engineers, equipment assemblers, workers on machine tools, etc. The activities of these people are directly related to mechanisms. This also includes the extraction and processing of metal, the repair of cars and various installations, construction specialties.

What are the professions associated with the relationship between man and the sign system? There is nothing difficult in this. Secretary, engineer, translator, programmer in the working environment are faced with documents, symbols, signs, diagrams.

The last system that correlates with artistic images is creative specialties associated with the creation of musical creations, objects of fine art.

Number of professions

Of course, there are many professions, and it is quite difficult to calculate the exact number. This is not a static system that remains unchanged for years: every year the number of specialties in the world increases in parallel with the development of mankind. Since the question “how many professions are there in the world?” quite often arises, there must be corresponding documents counting them.

The approximate number of specialties in the world is 40,000, and many of them for temperate latitudes seem quite exotic, if not incomprehensible and stupid. About 500 new professions are born every year.

And what professions exist in Russia? Not all of the available specialties are available for our country, only approximately 1/4 of them. But this is more than 9000 items. Over the past 3 centuries, the figure has increased 450 times.

Demand for specialties

Of course, as many professions exist, so many specialists in this field can be found. At the same time, not all specialties are equally popular: this business has its own seasonality. A specific list has been compiled of what professions are fashionable today in Russia. And it differs from what types of work are in demand today.

When determining the reason why applicants choose one or another specialty, the need to have a prestigious profession and, at the same time, the possibility of a high level of earnings should be indicated in the first place.

Therefore, many applicants go to receive knowledge at the Faculty of Economics. Despite the fact that every enterprise needs an economist, some time ago the market for such workers was saturated. As an economist, you need to have an idea of the place where such a specialist will be needed after graduation.

A wide profile of activity implies such a position as a manager. They come in various directions: advertising, sales, crisis management, etc.

In connection with the development of information technology, the work of a programmer is popular and in demand. In order to work with him, it is not enough to have only a desire - you also need to have the ability for this type of activity.

The category of popular specialties also includes work in the field of advertising. This is an interesting activity, creative and in demand, creative and paid, which attracts many young professionals.

Legal education is also in the top lines of the ranking of applicants.

Demand for professions: scarce specialties

Given the fact that not everyone can afford to study at a prestigious university, many choose construction specialties for themselves. In this area, there is a constant shortage of personnel, so even in such conditions, demand exceeds supply.

Since effective earnings are associated with sales, then the sales manager continues the list of popular professions. Good specialists in this field have good earnings and are respected by the head. However, finding such a person is not easy.

Continues the list of specialties that are not fully provided by specialists, the work of the seller. Opening in a great variety of supermarkets are experiencing a shortage of professionals who want to take on such a job is not so much.

Next on the list is engineering. The country needs such specialists, but it still cannot provide itself with the necessary number of employees. Every year many graduates become specialists of this link, however, despite this, the need for them is growing.

Everywhere enterprises advertise the need for drivers. Such positions are available in the food industry, and in the field of light textile production, and in public service points, and in stores that provide delivery services. Working conditions are very diverse: some require personal transport, others provide a working vehicle.

Professions for girls

From the entire list, there is a certain list of those specialties that are more suitable for girls.

What are the professions for girls? Traditionally, women's work includes the work of a flight attendant, train conductor, dispatcher of various call centers, a beautician, and a nurse. Some of the list is diluted with men, but this is rather an exception, and a male hairdresser or stylist makes an ambiguous impression.

More often, women's work is associated with the creative process of creating something new, since the mental organization of the weaker sex is more subtle, and ladies are not too adapted for physical labor.

Creative professions

In the directory of all specialties there is a list of those that are considered creative. To have such a job is interesting and prestigious today. The only catch is that in order to follow the path of creativity, you must have a talent or ability for something. Further, it is necessary to consider in more detail the question of what creative professions exist.

Traditionally, they include musicians, composers, artists. These people have their own vision of the world, which can be verified by talking with them. As a rule, such people have talent since childhood and develop it in the relevant art and music schools.

If a person has a so-called sense of beauty, then it is possible to come to a creative profession over the years. Interesting work of a photographer, designer. Fashionable words, but under them a very wide profile of activity is hidden: this is interior design, and the design of clothes, shoes, and landscape design. Society will always need good specialists in this field.

Speaking about what professions exist in the creative field, one cannot fail to mention the work of a stylist. It has a fundamental difference from the work of a hairdresser, who performs a haircut according to a template, while a stylist develops an image as a whole. A new direction in style is the work of a groomer who shears animals.

Journalism and PR management require quick response and communication skills; you need to be a good psychologist, feeling what others are oriented towards.

Creative specialties include actors, and this includes both film and theater actors, as well as animators, circus performers, and representatives of the humorous genre. More generally speaking, all those individuals whose activities are related to public speaking.

How to choose a profession

When choosing the desired specialty from a huge list, you must first determine for yourself a list of those industries that are more attractive. Then you need to objectively assess for yourself what exactly you like about them and whether they are really interesting.

It is necessary to approach the choice of a profession individually, taking into account your preferences, not based on the popularity of the specialty or its profitability. Better to be a good doctor than a bad programmer.