Posting definition. Accounting for Beginners

Each business transaction in equal amounts is recorded twice - in two interconnected accounts: in the debit of one account and in the credit of the other.

Accounting entry– indication of the debited and credited accounts and the amount for recording business transactions in the accounting accounts.

Accounting entries are compiled on the basis of documents that document business transactions. Records of business transactions in accounts are made in accordance with accounting entries. Accounting entries differ from each other in terms of the number of accounts affected. There are accounting entries simple and complex.

Simple An entry in which one account is debited and one account is credited is called.

Example. Salaries of workers and employees in the amount of 100,000 rubles were issued from the cash register. – Debit of account 70 “Settlements with personnel for wages” Credit of account 50 “Cash” - 100,000 rubles.

Complex This is called an entry when one account is debited and several accounts are credited, or vice versa, one account is credited and several accounts are debited.

Example. A salary was accrued in the amount of 500,000 rubles, including workers of the main production - 200,000 rubles, workers of auxiliary production - 120,000 rubles, shop personnel - 100,000 rubles, management personnel - 80,000 rubles.

The above business transaction will be reflected:

By debit of accounts:

20 “Main production” - 200,000 rubles;

23 “Auxiliary production” - 120,000 rubles;

25 “General production expenses” - 100,000 rubles;

26 “General business expenses” - 80,000 rubles;

On the credit of account 70 “Settlements with personnel for wages” - 500 rubles.

Any complex record can be decomposed into simple ones, i.e. there will be four simple wiring:

Debit 20 Credit 70 – 200,000 rub.;

Debit 23 Credit 70 – 120,000 rub.;

Debit 25 Credit 70 – 100,000 rub.;

Debit 26 Credit 70 – 80,000 rub.

Accounting chart.

Chart of Accounts– a systematic list of accounts grouped on a scientific basis, used for current accounting of the property and capital of an enterprise in order to exercise control and prepare financial statements, indicating their codes, and established for a certain category of enterprises.

Currently, a chart of accounts has been introduced, approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation on October 31, 2000.

A unified chart of accounts is of great importance for the proper organization and setup of accounting. It ensures uniformity in accounting.


All synthetic accounts in the chart of accounts are grouped into nine sections taking into account their economic content.

Section I “Non-current assets”- accounts 01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 07, 08, 09.

Section II "Inventory"- counts 10, 11, 14, 15, 16, 19.

Section III “Production costs”- accounts 20, 21, 23, 25, 26, 28, 29.

Section IV “Finished products and goods”- accounts 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46.

Section V “Cash”- accounts 50, 51, 52, 55, 57, 58, 59.

Section VI “Calculations”- accounts 60, 62, 63, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 73, 75, 76, 77, 79.

VII section "Capital"- accounts 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 86.

VIII section “Financial results”- accounts 90, 91, 94, 96, 97, 98, 99.

Section IX “Off-balance sheet accounts”» - accounts 001, 002, 003, 004, 005, 006, 007, 008, 009, 010, 011.

Purpose of the Chart of Accounts – create a scheme (model) for registering and grouping facts of economic activity by elements and other general units of information reflected in accounting for reporting and obtaining other information necessary for managing the financial and economic activities of an economic entity.

The chart of accounts is a directive document that ensures a uniform reflection of business processes in the accounting system. However, business entities are allowed, in agreement with the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, to enter additional synthetic accounts into the Chart of Accounts using free account numbers. To account for specific transactions, a business entity can independently, without coordination with anyone, if necessary, enter additional accounts, clarify them, exclude and combine them.


The Chart of Accounts has been developed Instructions for using the Chart of Accounts, which establishes unified approaches to the application of the Chart of Accounts and the reflection of facts of economic activity on accounting accounts. It provides a brief description of synthetic accounts and the subaccounts opened for them: their structure and purpose, the economic content of the facts of economic activity generalized on them, the order of reflecting the most common facts (typical correspondence of one or another account with other synthetic accounts) are revealed. However, the standard scheme cannot be considered as exhaustive of all possible options for correspondence of accounts. In a market economy, with the development of entrepreneurship, as a result of which new accounting objects are introduced, new laws, decrees, and regulations appear that regulate business activities, which leads to the emergence of new or additional correspondence not provided for by the standard scheme. Therefore, in the event of facts of economic activity arising, correspondence for which is not provided for in the standard scheme, business entities can supplement it, observing the basic methodological principles of accounting.

The chart of accounts is a strictly hierarchical structure, the basis of which is made up of synthetic accounts - first-order accounts and sub-accounts - second-order accounts. The formation of the Chart of Accounts is based on the system of circulation of funds of a business entity, according to which accounts are grouped into sections, and the sequence of arrangement of these sections in the Chart of Accounts is determined.

In the Chart of Accounts for financial and economic activities of organizations, all accounts are grouped into eight sections. Off-balance sheet accounts are highlighted separately. First, sections of the accounts of economic assets and processes are given, then sections of the accounts of the sources of these funds are given. The system of accounts ends with a section that generates information about the financial results of the activities of an economic entity. The basis for grouping accounts into sections is the economic characteristics of the objects taken into account. Each section reflects economically homogeneous types of property, liabilities and business transactions. The sections are arranged in a certain sequence, in accordance with the nature of the participation of the property in its circulation.

The basis for constructing a Chart of Accounts for accounting financial and economic activities of organizations is based on the following approaches:

· independence of the content of financial information generated in accounting from the structure of the chart of accounts;

· relative independence of systematization and accumulation of information about the facts of economic life from the formation of data for tax purposes;

· relative independence of the accounting process from any specific type of accounting reporting;

· ensuring the opportunity for business entities to freely design working charts of accounts, observing the general methodological principles of accounting;

· continuity in the construction of the chart of accounts.

The chart of accounts is based on the following principles:

· universality of application in the national economy– The chart of accounts is recognized as uniform for all industries, forms of ownership, organizational and legal forms (except for banks and other credit organizations, institutions financed by the state budget);

· the possibility and mechanism for regulating the composition of synthetic accounts within the framework of the accounting policy chosen by business entities - accounting accounts are considered unified and are used by all business entities without changes;

· regulation of the composition and content of analytical– the nomenclature of subaccounts is advisory in nature. The choice is made by the business entity independently based on the needs of management, control and analysis. Analytical accounts are allocated according to possible criteria, and the development of a system of analytical accounts remains with business entities;

· hierarchical structure of the chart of accounts: synthetic accounts – subaccounts – analytical accounts;

· signs of selecting accounts for inclusion in the chart of accounts– accounts are allocated based on the functional purpose and natural-material form of the elements of the circulation of funds and are intended to group only accomplished facts of economic life;

· criteria for distinguishing accounts of synthetic and analytical levels– a unit of current accounting in a synthetic context – a level of classification that defines economically homogeneous elements of the circulation of funds that have the same functional purpose. Synthetic accounts represent the upper limit of generalization of information about the facts of economic life; further generalization is not significant for current accounting purposes and refers to the balance sheet generalization. The unit of current observation in an analytical context is recognized as a level of classification that determines the same natural-material form of objects, including their qualitative characteristics. Analytical accounts represent the lowest limit of generalization of information about the facts of economic life, beyond which means a transition from accounting to operational-technical accounting;

· main formal criteria for constructing a chart of accounts: unity of criteria for allocating accounts; homogeneity and delineation of accounts; equal volume of accounts of the same level; availability of reserve positions at each level;

· factors determining the number of synthetic accounts: content of the actual process of economic activity and ease of use of accounts;

· synthetic account code length: two digits (for off-balance sheet accounts – three digits).

Business entities are not required to use all synthetic accounts given in the Chart of Accounts. They choose those that they really need.

Based on the Chart of Accounts and Instructions for its application, business entities approve working chart of accounts accounting, containing a complete list of synthetic and analytical accounts, including sub-accounts used directly in their financial and economic activities.

Accounting entry(accounting entry) is an entry in a paper journal or computer database about changes in the state of the objects being accounted for.

Typically, an accounting entry consists of a description of the item being debited and credited, as well as numerical characteristics of the change, such as quantity and value.

We can say that accounting entry is a way of registering business transactions simultaneously on two different, but economically interrelated accounting accounts in equal amounts.

The accounting entry is compiled only on the basis of primary accounting documents.

To prepare an accounting entry, you must perform the following steps:

    determine the economic content of the object;

    recognize the accounting object;

    technically reflect the accounting object on the corresponding debit and credit accounts.

There are two types of accounting entries in accounting:

Simple postings are postings in which two accounts correspond.

The operation of issuing wages to employees of the enterprise from the cash desk in the amount of 1,000,000 rubles. will be reflected by the wiring:

This complex wiring can be represented by two simple ones, namely:

Accounting entry: details for an accountant

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Any company in the course of its activities carries out certain operations. They must be recorded in accounting. In this case, accounts are involved. They participate in reporting.

What are business transactions?

A business operation (HO) is a specific action that changes either the composition of property, or its location, or the sources of its formation. POs may also be associated with changes in budget formation, the company’s ownership structure, equity and borrowed funds, and reserve capital. The fact of a business transaction is the basis for creating an accounting entry. The posting is generated on the basis of documents confirming the operation.

A certain event entails a change in indicators. For example, capital and the volume of property may change. Values ​​can either increase or decrease. Changes in capital cause changes in the balance sheet currency. Consequently, the amount of assets and liabilities also changes.

Examples of business transactions in accounting

Let's look at examples of operations and their approximate structure:

  • Supply. Examples of business operations: receipt of raw materials, transfer of funds to the supplier, input of raw materials into production.
  • Implementation. Examples of financial expenses: expenses for sales of products, receipt of revenue, sale of goods.
  • Production. Examples of financial assets: payment of salaries to employees, depreciation of fixed assets, acceptance of the work of a contractor, transfer of funds to a contractor.

These are the most common types of business transactions.

Types of business transactions

Let's look at the table with the classification of business transactions:

Impact on balance Debit correspondence Loan correspondence
Change in Assets Active Active
Changing Liabilities Passive Passive
Increasing assets and liabilities Active Passive
Decrease in assets and liabilities Passive Active

These are four types of transactions, which are classified according to the way they affect the balance sheet.

Let's take a closer look at the types of transactions (A is an asset, P is a liability, O is turnover):

  • 1 type Entries that reduce one asset item by increasing another. Examples of type 1: goods have arrived at the warehouse, money is sent from the account to the cash register. In this case, the structure of the property changes, but the final amount remains the same.

    This type has the following formula:
    A balance + O on the debit of account 1 – O on the credit of account 2 = P balance.

  • Type 2 Postings changing liability items. Examples of type 2: multiplying reserve capital by changing the amount of profit. In this case, the chemical enterprise causes a change in the structure of sources of funds, but the final assessment remains the same.

    This formula belongs to this type:
    A balance = P balance + O on the credit of account 1 – O on the debit of account 2.

  • Type 3 Actions that increase the value of a company's assets and liabilities. Example: operations for the sale of fixed assets, obtaining a loan. Postings change the balance sheet currencies.

    Formula:
    A balance + O on the debit of account 1 = P on the balance + O on the credit of account 2.

  • Type 4 Actions that reduce the value of liabilities or the amount of equity capital by reducing the amount of assets. Example: payments to suppliers. In the process, both assets and liabilities are reduced.

    Formula:
    A balance – O on the debit of account 1 = P balance – O on the credit of account 2.

Operations are also classified according to their content:

  • Material. Movement of inventory items is expected.
  • Financial. Assume the movement of funds.
  • Calculated. Settlements with counterparties.

The type of transaction determines the features of its reflection in accounting.

How to set the operation type

To determine the type of transaction, you need to analyze which accounts were used in the transactions and what changes in the balance sheet currency were made. The following information will help make the determination easier (A – active, P – passive):

  • Active XO. Correspondence: both accounts A. Dt increases, and Kt decreases. The balance does not change.
  • Passive XO. Correspondence: both accounts P. Dt decreases, Kt increases. The balance does not change.
  • Mixed XO for an increase. Correspondence: Dt - A, Kt - P. Dt and Kt increase. The balance increases.
  • Mixed XO for reduction. Correspondence: Dt - P, Kt - A. Dt and Kt indicators are decreasing. The balance will be reduced.

To accurately establish the type of transaction, you need to have information about the chart of accounts and balance sheet structure.

FOR YOUR INFORMATION! An asset is the company's property, and a liability is the sources of this property. There are mixed forms in both assets and liabilities.

Accounting entries depending on the type of transaction

Let's consider transactions for the first type of business transactions:

  • Direction of raw materials to production: Dt20 KT10.
  • Receiving funds from the buyer: Dt51 KT60.
  • Directing funds to the cash desk: DT50 KT51.

Accounting entries for type 2 transactions:

  • Withholding personal income tax from salary: Dt70 KT68.
  • Increase in reserve due to profit: Dt84 Kt82.
  • Advance payment to the supplier from borrowed money: Dt60 Kt66.

Postings for transactions of type 3:

  • Receiving material from the supplier: Dt10 Kt60.
  • Payment of salaries: Dt20 Kt70.
  • Receipt of borrowed funds: Dt51 Kt66.

Postings for transactions of type 4:

  • Loan repayment: Dt66 Kt51.
  • Payment of salaries: Dt70 Kt51.
  • Direction of payment to the supplier: Dt51 Kt60.

These are the accounting entries that are used most often.

Nuances of posting transactions

Each operation has a dual nature. It affects both assets and liabilities simultaneously. The dependence of Dt and Kt is called correspondence of accounts. On the left (on debit) the remaining assets of the company are recorded, and on the right (on credit) – the source of its origin. Postings must be recorded at the time of the transaction.

Each wiring is documented. Primary documentation confirms the actual existence of a business transaction. Not only accountants, but also managers and executives work on its preparation. The primary documentation must contain the following mandatory information:

  • Signatures of authorized persons.
  • Information about the person responsible for the operation.
  • Information about the contents of the operation.
  • Date the document was completed.
  • Document type.

For ease of entering information, the account is assigned a number. Double entry allows you to confirm the equality of turnover in terms of Dt and Kt for the reporting period. If an inequality has formed, this is evidence of an error. Also, double entry makes it easy to establish the contents of the posting.

Examples

Let's look at examples of reflecting transactions in accounting:

  • The account of Prioritet LLC received funds in the amount of 5 thousand rubles for the transferred goods. In this case, the following wiring will be used: Dt51 Kt62. Transaction amount: 5,000 rubles. In this case, the balance sheet currency remains the same, but the assets change. The current account is replenished by 5 thousand rubles, the “Settlements with customers” account is reduced by the same amount.
  • At the end of the reporting period, Priority LLC made a profit. The manager needs to calculate dividends in the amount of 10 thousand rubles. The wiring will be as follows: Dt84 Kt75. Transaction amount: 10 thousand rubles. The balance currency remains the same. Only the passive changes.
  • Raw materials worth 4 thousand rubles arrived at the warehouse of Prioritet LLC. The wiring will be like this: Dt41 Kt60. Amount: 4,000 rubles. In this case, the balance sheet currency changes.
  • Priority LLC transferred funds in the amount of 5 thousand rubles to the supplier for delivery. The wiring will be like this: Dt60 Kt51. Amount: 5 thousand rubles.

The posting reflects the amount of the transaction, as well as the primary document on the basis of which it was generated.

Postings in accounting are a special way of recording the facts of the financial and economic activities of an enterprise. Let us remind you that any business transaction must be reflected in accounting accordingly. Let's figure out what accounting records are, what they are, and how to draw them up correctly. Current examples of reflecting accounting transactions are given in a special table.

Let's understand the concepts

Accounting entries - what are they? This is a way of reflecting business transactions in accounting, in which accounting accounts are used in accordance with the current working chart of accounts. Moreover, most transactions are reflected according to. Only some accounting entries can be compiled using a simple method.

In other words, to reflect any completed fact of economic activity, the accountant makes an entry as a debit to one accounting account and a credit to another accounting account in the amount of the completed transaction, expressed in monetary terms.

When drawing up transactions, economic entities use a working chart of accounts, which is developed on the basis of a unified chart of accounts (USC) and instructions for its use. However, the ENP depends on the type of economic entity.

Thus, non-profit organizations when developing RPS use Order of the Ministry of Finance dated October 31, 2000 No. 94n (as amended on November 8, 2010). Budgetary institutions apply Order of the Ministry of Finance No. 157n dated December 1, 2010 (as amended on September 27, 2017). However, for public sector employees, additional instructions apply depending on the type of institution.

What are accounting services?

All types of accounting correspondence can be divided into two large groups: single (simple) and double (double entry method).

A simple method of preparing accounting entries is to use only one ledger account to record a particular transaction. This method of accounting is called simple. An example of such entries is the reflection of the movement of liabilities and assets in off-balance sheet accounts.

For example, when reflecting the receipt of a fixed asset on the off-balance sheet, the accountant makes an entry: Debit 01 (for non-profit organizations) or Debit 21 - for public sector employees.

It is worth noting that some economic entities have the right to keep records using a simple method, in simple words - to compile single accounting entries. However, non-profit organizations and public sector institutions do not have the right to such a privilege. They are required to maintain the main accounting system using the double entry method. That is, make double entries in accounting.

Thus, double accounting entries are considered to be entries made using two accounts simultaneously. Thus, one transaction in monetary terms - a specific amount is immediately reflected in the debit of one account and in the credit of another account. Double accounting entries (examples) - table - are given below.

Compiling double entries in the accounting of public sector employees has its own distinctive features. Let's look at them in more detail.

Features of making entries in accounting

Let us determine the key features of drawing up entries for the establishment of the budgetary sector:

  1. Methods for reflecting business transactions in accounting must be enshrined in the accounting policies of the organization.
  2. All entries must be reflected in accounting exclusively in rubles, that is, in the currency of the Russian Federation.
  3. Accounting entries are subject to registration in certain primary documents, and then are reflected in accounting registers: special journals or orders.
  4. When reflecting records, it is necessary to maintain chronological order.
  5. If errors and inaccuracies are detected in accounting records, it is necessary to make corrective entries in accordance with the established procedure.

Let’s make a reservation right away that the organization itself is obliged to approve the working plan of accounting accounts. That is, list those accounts and subaccounts that the company will directly use in accounting. When compiling accounting entries, the table can contain all accounts according to instructions, or only specific values.

How to compose: key principles

Officials have provided basic drafting principles that must be followed without fail. Let's figure out what requirements for the preparation of records are enshrined at the legislative level:

  1. All accounts are divided into active, passive and active-passive accounting accounts.
  2. At the end of the period, active BSCh can only have a debit balance. For example, this is an average for reflecting fixed assets. In simple words, the residual value of an asset cannot have a negative (credit) balance.
  3. Passive accounts only have a credit balance. A debit balance at the reporting date indicates an accounting error. Example: accounting accounts for recording liabilities 0 302 00 000 can only have a loan balance.
  4. Active-passive accounts can have both a credit and a debit balance. For example, an accounting account for reflecting taxes and insurance premiums is 0 303 00 000 (the balance can be a credit - debt, or a debit - overpayment).

Based on the accounting data, the final financial report is formed - the balance sheet. Indicators of passive accounts form the liability of the balance sheet, active ones, respectively, form the asset. But active-passive assets can be reflected in both the assets and liabilities of the balance sheet. For example, an overpayment of taxes (debit balance on account 0 303 00 000) forms an asset, and debt on the same account forms a liability.

Examples of accounting entries

So, let’s define examples of accounting entries for a budget organization. We will consider typical entries in the context of the main areas of accounting.

We calculate personal income tax wages and contributions

Operation

Salary accrued

Sick leave accrued at the expense of the Social Insurance Fund

Personal income tax accrued

Writ of execution, union dues deducted from earnings

Salaries are transferred to employee cards

The benefit was paid from the Social Insurance Fund

Insurance premiums accrued

0 303 02 730 - VNiM

0 303 06 730 - NS and PZ

0 303 07 730 - FFOMS

0 303 10 730 - OPS

Taxes and fees paid

Fixed Asset Accounting

Inventory accounting

Next, we suggest that you familiarize yourself with the key features of compiling accounting records for public sector institutions and non-profit organizations. In the articles you will find current examples of accounting correspondence, as well as the norms of current legislation and the basic rules for organizing and maintaining records in areas (fixed assets, wages, settlements, etc.).

Compiling correspondence: a cheat sheet for state employees

By fixed assets

Settlements with suppliers and contractors

Document 10 60 Received materials were capitalized 13,000 Invoice, invoice 19 60 VAT deductible 2,340 Supplier's invoice 60 51 Payment of supplier's invoice 15,340 Payment order ref. Operation 4. 04/17/2016 the received threads were partially written off for production, along with previously capitalized fabric for 35,000 rubles. Accounting entries: Dt Ct Description of transaction Amount, rub. Document 20 10 Threads written off 2,000 Request-invoice 20 10 Fabric written off 35,000 Request-invoice Operation 5. Schweik-A LLC accrued and paid salaries to employees in the total amount of 120,000 rubles. Accounting entries: Dt Ct Description of transaction Amount, rub. Document 20 70 Salaries accrued 120,000 Accounting certificate 70 50 Salaries partially paid 70,000 Cash receipts, T-53 Operation 6. 04/27/2016 finished products were received into the warehouse on April 28, 2016. - a batch of goods was shipped for Megastyle LLC.

Learning to make accounting entries

Accounting entries should be made: D 75-1 (analytical account - Ivanov) K 80,5000 rubles - debt on contribution to Ivanov's Management Company D 75-1 (analytical account - Petrov) K 80,5000 rubles - debt on contribution to Petrov's Management Company. The connection that has arisen between two accounts (in this example, account 75-1 and account 80), as a result of reflecting a business transaction on the accounts, is called correspondence of accounts.

And in conclusion, I would like to give one piece of advice to a novice accountant. If you don’t know where to start in creating an accounting entry, then in the business transaction that you need to reflect, find the account that is most understandable to you (mostly these are active accounts).


If it turns out to be in debit (increases), then the corresponding account with it will be a credit account. If the active account is in credit (decreasing), then write down the account corresponding to it as a debit.

How to make accounting entries: basic rules and 11 practical examples

Passive accounts include accounts that record the sources of formation of these economic assets. For example, such sources are profit (account 84), authorized capital (account 80), reserve capital (account 82) and others.
Passive accounts always have a credit balance. Unlike active accounts, an increase in funds in a passive account is reflected as a Credit, and a decrease as a Debit. Active-passive accounts are accounts with a variable balance (the balance denotes the balance), i.e., for such accounts the balance can be either a credit or a debit.

Active-passive accounts include settlement accounts, for example, settlements with suppliers (account 60), settlements with customers (account 62), etc. I will give examples when the balance on account 60 can be debit, and when it can be credit.

For example, an organization paid an advance to a supplier, but has not yet received the goods. In this case, the balance of account 60 will be a debit.

Accounting entries: what they are and the principles of their preparation

Account 60 “Suppliers” will reflect the supplier’s debt to us, at this moment he will be our debtor (debtor) and account 60 “Suppliers” is active, it now reflects our assets (debt to us). Another control rule: an active account can never have a credit balance, a passive account can never have a debit balance, and an active-passive account can have both a debit and a credit balance.
Therefore, active-passive accounts at a particular point in time can be reflected (either-or) in the asset balance (if they have a debit balance at that moment, i.e. at that moment the balance indicates that someone owes us) or in the liability balance (if they have a credit balance at this moment, i.e. at this moment we owe someone).

Accounting for beginners: from postings to balance sheets

To reflect transactions in this area in accounting, it is necessary to make the following entries: Debit Contents of the business transaction Credit Money transferred: 62 return of advance payment to customers 51, 50 61 to suppliers 51, 50 45 Goods shipped to customers 41/1 41/1,41/2 Goods received from suppliers 60 VAT 19 reflected on goods received 60 41/2 in retail 60 90/03 on goods shipped 68 90/03 in retail 68/02 62 Sales reflected 90/01.1 92.Р retail 90/01.1 91/02.1 Cost of shipped goods reflected products 45 91/02.1 in retail 41/1 Assignment agreement When drawing up this agreement, an accountant of any commercial organization carrying out economic activities as a legal entity must draw up correspondence accounts.

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For wages When preparing entries for transactions, the essence of which is to carry out settlements with employees, specialists must make the following account correspondence: Debit Contents of the business transaction Credit 20, 23, 26, 92 Accrued wages 70 70 Salaries issued from the cash register 50 68 Accrued mandatory taxes 70 51 Deposit payment (unpaid) 50 50 Money received in cash to pay salaries 51 Renting premises When renting out space or a building, entries are made by both the owner of the fixed asset and the tenant. They prepare correspondence accounts for any action related to the leased property.

Basic accounting entries - examples

Let's try to draw up accounting entries for some business transactions using examples. Example 1 The cash desk of an organization received funds in the amount of 5,000 rubles withdrawn from a bank account.
Information that accounts 50 (cash) and 51 (current account) are active will help us make accounting entries. Consequently, an increase in cash on hand is reflected as a debit, and a decrease in cash on the current account as a credit.

Debit 50 Credit 51 5000 rubles - Cash was credited to the cash desk. In addition to the fact that accounts are active, passive and active-passive, they can also be

  • synthetic
  • analytical
  • have sub-accounts

The Chart of Accounts indicates synthetic accounts (for example, account 10) and subaccounts (for example, account 10, subaccount 1 - Raw materials, or subaccount 5 - spare parts).

Analytical (i.e.

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In order for economic entities to maintain accounting records and submit financial statements according to uniform requirements, a chart of accounts is also required. The chart of accounts of a commercial organization and the Instructions for its application were approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation No. 94-n dated October 31, 2000.
To prepare accounting entries, we will learn how to classify accounts. Classification of accounts Accounts can be

  • active
  • passive
  • active-passive

Active accounts represent the organization's economic assets (account 01 - fixed assets, account 10 - materials, account 50 - cash in hand and other accounts). Looking ahead, I will say that active accounts always have a debit balance, or in other words, a balance with a plus sign. An increase in business assets on active accounts is reflected in the Debit, and a decrease - in the Credit of the account.

Attention

The duality in the name of such accounting accounts is due to the fact that at a particular point in time there may be a balance (either-or) on either a credit or a debit of this account. There is nothing wrong with this, it’s just that the same economic category, for example, suppliers of goods, may at a particular moment in time both owe us, and we may owe them, but in any case, this whole changing picture is taken into account only on one accounting account that we chose specifically for suppliers. For example, a supplier delivered goods to us in the amount of 100 rubles.


Account 60 “Suppliers” will reflect the debt owed to him on the loan. At this particular point in time, account 60 “Suppliers” is passive, it reflects the debt to suppliers. Another option is that we made an advance payment to the supplier for the goods in the amount of 100 rubles.

How to make accounting entries for dummies

To compile correspondence, the accountant uses the following accounts:

  • 50 – cash register;
  • 51 – current account;
  • 70 – payroll calculations;
  • 73 – other calculations;
  • 62 – settlements with customers;
  • 75 – replenishment of the authorized capital;
  • 71 – settlements with accountable persons;
  • 91 – reflection of exchange rate differences;
  • 94 – reflection of shortages;
  • 76 – other payments.

Debit Contents of the business transaction Credit 71 Money was issued to accountable persons 50 50 Unused accountable amounts were returned to the cash register 71 70 Salaries were issued 50 50 Money was received from the current account 51 50 Buyers paid for the goods 62 50 The founders replenished the authorized capital 75 94 Shortages were written off 50 91 Exchange differences were reflected 50 How inventory is accounted for at an enterprise - see this article.
The accounting work of every accountant is based on the use of logic and mathematics; it requires a broad outlook and the ability to identify cause-and-effect relationships. A novice accountant first of all needs to master not only accounting entries, but also the procedure for generating reports, including a balance sheet. Table of contents

  • 1 The essence of accounting
  • 2 Double entry method
  • 3 What is a balance sheet
  • 4 Chart of accounts
  • 5 Relationship between the balance sheet and the Chart of Accounts
  • 6 Accounting from transactions to balance sheet - examples, table

The essence of accounting The meaning of accounting is the recording and synthesis of financial information for the purpose of analyzing the economic activities of an enterprise.