What role does the family play? Family roles

For example, family role"mother" implies that any woman takes care of her children. This role also includes a complex of feelings, the most important of which is love. However, “mother” is also the goals that she strives to achieve, namely, to raise her children as worthy people. This concept is associated with the phenomena of norms and sanctions. Norms determine what exactly, from the point of view of society, should be performed by the role holder. Thus, the mother is obliged to help children master various skills, control their behavior, and, if necessary, punish them. Sanctions are the reactions of others or the person himself to the fulfillment or failure to fulfill a role. People may judge a mother who abandoned her children. She may also experience an internal sanction - remorse, realizing that she does not love her child.

Family members perform different duties: spouse, mother, father, son, daughter, grandmother, grandfather, grandson, father-in-law, mother-in-law, daughter-in-law, older brother, etc. Moreover, in a family consisting of three generations living together and leading a common household, one and the same person must be able to flexibly function in several roles at once (for example, as the husband of his wife, the father of the eldest child - a son and the youngest child - a daughter, son-in-law and mother-in-law). Otherwise, a variety of family role conflicts and family dysfunction may arise.

Each family role individually and their entire system in a particular family must meet certain requirements.

First, they must have logical integrity. If expectations from a representative of a certain family role are contradictory, serious difficulties arise in its implementation (for example, when a mother demands from her son that he be gentle, soft, obedient and, at the same time, independent and courageous).

Secondly, the totality family roles which an individual fulfills in the family must ensure the satisfaction of his needs for respect, recognition, and sympathy. Thus, the role of a husband places on a man not only the obligation to provide financially for his wife, but also gives him the right to expect love, affection, and satisfaction of sexual and erotic needs from her.

Thirdly, it is very important that the tasks performed correspond to the capabilities of the individual. When the demands are unbearable, neuropsychic tension and anxiety arise (as a result of one’s lack of confidence in coping with the role). An example of this is the “child playing the role of parent” in a situation where, due to the absence of elders or their personality disorders, he has to take on parental responsibilities.

In normally functioning families, the structure family roles is holistic, dynamic and psychologically comfortable for all its members. However, they are often pathologizing and, due to their structure and content, have a traumatic effect on family members. These are the roles of “family scapegoat”, “family martyr who completely sacrifices himself in the name of loved ones”, “sick family member”, etc.

In some families, one member is forced to play a social role that is traumatic for himself, but psychologically beneficial to his relatives.An illustration of this is the delegation of the role of an adult to a child, which is typical for families with the problem of alcoholism, where the mother “saves” the father and suffers, and the child faces the need to be his mother’s “support” - to support her, console her, not upset her, and hide his childhood difficulties from her. so as not to upset. In this case, the child is used by the mother to resolve marital conflicts: he is put forward as a “shield” during drunken scandals, sent to negotiations with the father the next morning in order to “reason” with him, etc.

The purpose of the lesson: Systematize students' knowledge about reproductive health as a single component of human and social health. Show the role and importance of the family in strengthening reproductive health and ensuring the national security of Russia.

Time: 1 hour.

Lesson type: combined.

DURING THE CLASSES

Organizing time.

Repetition of covered material.

1. Conversation on questions:

— Why is a healthy lifestyle an individual system of human behavior?

— What is the importance of a healthy lifestyle in developing a person’s general culture in the field of life safety?

— What factors of human behavior influence the formation of his spiritual well-being?

— What factors contribute to the formation of a person’s physical well-being?

— What type of human behavior ensures the formation of his social well-being?

1. State the topic and purpose of the lesson.

Studying a new topic.

Questions studied

1. Reproductive health and demographic situation in the country.
2. The role of the family in ensuring the reproductive health of individuals and society.
3. Responsibility of parents and the state for the upbringing and development of children.

Presentation of educational material

1. Remind students of the concept of “reproductive health.”

Population reproduction includes not only the birth of a child, but also his upbringing, training a full-fledged member of society, capable of performing the necessary functions that ensure the development of society.

The level of reproductive health is a kind of summary of the entire complex of reproductive health of a person and Russian society. The demographic state of a country characterizes in general terms the health of the country's citizens and society as a whole.

The current demographic situation in the world requires, in the interests of global, regional and internal security of countries, the development of general principles of attitude towards population dynamics. Demographic security is occupying an increasingly priority place in the system of national and international security.

To form in students an idea of ​​the dominant role of the family in strengthening and preserving the reproductive health of individuals and society, emphasizing that the basis of a prosperous family is the sustainable motivation of every person and citizen to start a family.

It has been established that the best social structure that meets the interests of the individual and society and ensures a continuous change of generations is the family.

1. Give students the definition of family.

The family performs functions that largely determine the preservation and strengthening of the health of an individual and society. Only in the family does a person receive sustainable opportunities to meet everyday needs and develop his personality. The family most fully performs the reproductive function - giving birth and raising children. In the family, parents introduce their children to moral values ​​and standards of behavior, the world around them, life in society, interaction with other people, and pass on work skills. The family resolves the leisure function, which ensures the harmonious development of a person, and the sexual function, which ensures the satisfaction of the sexual needs of the spouses.

Thus, a person’s stable motivation to create a prosperous family and the attractiveness for him of the personal model of becoming a good family man, as well as his ability to choose a life partner and create a happy family, where there will be more harmony in the relationship between spouses than conflicts, characterize the level of a person’s reproductive health.

Analysis of statistical data and surveys of young people indicates that the model of a person capable of creating a prosperous family and becoming a good family man is sharply losing its attractiveness. The importance of the very value of a happy family life is falling. Among young people, the proportion of those who do not consider it necessary to legally formalize their marriage relationships when creating a future family is noticeably increasing.

Conclusion: The level of human health and reproductive health as an integral part of public health has been constantly declining in recent years.

1. Show the degree of influence of parents and our state on the upbringing and development of children, on their health.

The responsibility of parents and the state for the upbringing and development of children, for their health also characterizes the level of reproductive health.

The family, as the initial unit of society and the state as a whole, performing a reproductive function, must ensure the upbringing and development of the child’s physical, spiritual and moral qualities, form him into a person and citizen, integrated into his contemporary society and aimed at its improvement, thereby ensuring reproduction and human resource development. The degree to which this function is performed characterizes the level of reproductive health of the family.

In the Russian Federation, measures are being taken to improve the demographic situation, child care payments are increasing, conditions are improving for young families, all this should play a positive role, but it is no less important in this situation to create psychological motivation for the attractiveness of family life, when family relationships, birth and raising children will bring joy and happiness to the home.

Lesson summary.

Control questions

1. What impact does the state of reproductive health of individuals and society have on the national security of Russia?
2. What role does the family play in the process of generational change?
3. What impact does the activity of the state and parents have on the upbringing and development of the younger generation?
4. What is the importance for the national security of Russia of the ability of each person to lead a healthy lifestyle, maintain and strengthen their health?
5. Why is it in the family that a person receives sustainable opportunities to meet everyday needs?

Homework

1. Study § 7.3 of the textbook.

Formulate for yourself what qualities of a person will contribute to harmonious relationships between family members and the creation of a safe family life.

• Reproduction of the population includes not only the birth of a child, but also his upbringing, preparation of a full-fledged member of society, capable of performing the necessary functions that ensure the social development of society.

• A unified comprehensive system of population reproduction, ensuring the birth of a healthy child and raising a healthy generation, determines the main content of the level of reproductive health.

• The level of reproductive health of each individual person and society as a whole affects the reproduction of the population in our country, determines the demographic situation and has a significant, if not major, impact on the state of national security.

HISTORICAL FACTS

• HISTORICAL FACTS

The best minds of Russia connected its future with the growth of the population and the development of its high spiritual and creative qualities. D.I. Mendeleev, based on demographic indicators of the beginning of the 19th century, determined the probable population of the Russian Empire in 2000 at 594.3 million people. However, the revolution of 1917 and the fratricidal Civil War, collectivization, the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945, as well as the collapse of the USSR made significant adjustments to this forecast. The population of the Russian Federation as of January 1, 2006 was 142.7 million people.

Statistics

• Statistics

In the Russian Federation, since 1992, there has been a tendency towards a decrease in the population, which is still observed. The main reason for this situation is the natural population decline due to the excess of deaths over the number of births. Thus, the country's population as of January 1, 2006, compared to 1996, decreased by 5.5 million people.

The life expectancy of the Russian population remains low. In 1994, it was 57.7 years for men and 71.3 years for women. According to long-term forecasts, it remains close to this level (for example, for men born in 2005, the average life expectancy will be 58.9 years, for women - 72.4 years). For comparison: the average life expectancy of citizens of the USA and England is 75 years, Canada - 76, Sweden - 78, Japan - 79.

• According to the State Statistics Committee of Russia

• Providing sustainable motivation for a person to create a prosperous family and foster a personal model of a good family man.

• The degree of responsibility of parents and the state for the upbringing of children, their receipt of the necessary education, their state of health, physical and mental, spiritual and moral development.

Statistics

• Statistics

Since 1990, the number of marriages concluded annually in Russia has been decreasing. In 1990, there were 8.9 marriages per 1,000 people; in 2005, this number was 7.5. Along with the decline in marriages, the number of divorces increased. And it cannot be said that recently there has been a sharp downward trend in this indicator. In 1990, they were recorded at 3.8 per 1000 population, and in 2003 - 5.5, in 2005 - 4.2.

In 1994, 1090.6 thousand marriages and 680.5 thousand divorces were registered in the country, in 2003 - 1091.8 thousand marriages and 798.8 thousand divorces, respectively, in 2005 - 1066.4 thousand marriages and 604.9 thousand divorces. The number of children in dissolved marriages is constantly increasing. In addition, the number of children born to women who are not in a registered marriage is constantly growing. In 2005, the number of such children was 437,075.

• According to the State Statistics Committee of Russia

• The Address of the President of the Russian Federation to the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation in 2006 placed special emphasis on increasing the birth rate and strengthening state support for families with children, and on developing a mechanism to reduce the number of children in residential care institutions.

• The current federal target program “Children of Russia” for 2007-2010 has been adopted, which is designed to provide an integrated approach to creating favorable conditions for improving the life and health of children, and to solving the problems of disadvantaged families with children.

• In conclusion, we note that preserving and strengthening the health of the younger generation is an important task in order to increase the national security of Russia.

• What impact does the state of reproductive health of individuals and society have on the national security of Russia?

• What role does the family play in the process of generational change?

• What impact does the activity of the state and parents have on the education and development of the younger generation?

• What is the importance for the national security of Russia of the ability of each person to lead a healthy lifestyle, maintain and strengthen their health?

The main function of the family in life of society as a process of generational change - birth and upbringing of people. Everything else in family life is secondary to this.

Raising a person is a multi-year process in which initially predetermining and defining family plays a role. Therefore, education must be subject to a certain expediency, which should be understood by adult family members. In particular, crisis-free development society requires that new generations enter adulthood free from those moral and ethical vices, from those ideological errors, delusions and inadequate understanding of the world that were characteristic of previous generations.

This, in turn, requires adult family members to have a reasonable attitude towards life society as a “social organism” (i.e. “system integrity”) in the process of historical development. If this is not the case, then the family, to a greater or lesser extent, fails to cope with its social function, although the biological function of reproduction (including “expanded” reproduction) of the “biomass” of new generations of the species “Homo sapiens” can be performed more or less successfully .

If the role of the family as a means of reproduction of new generations of society is more or less recognized by everyone, then the needs of an adult in family life in a historically established culture are either not realized, or are repressed, suppressed or distorted by heterogeneous personal self-interest: the family as a system requires that all its participants incessantly and generously gave away she has something of her own, but personal self-interest requires only one thing - to take as much as possible from the environment, giving to others as little as possible.

As a result, self-interest is myopic and does not see prospects: neither those of others, nor one’s own. Therefore, if you tune out current momentary self-interest (I want to have everything right now, without giving anything away from myself), That family of several adult generations - not only a means of reproduction of new generations, but also the primary means of supporting an individual in old age or in the event of a person’s loss of health and performance at an earlier age.

Since a person is characterized not only by physiological and everyday needs (which in the future will be able to cope with household appliances with artificial intelligence), but he also needs communication - and especially, with people close to him in spirit (thoughts), then as a means of supporting the elderly and those who have lost their ability to work for other reasons a family of several adult generations living in harmony, Neither nursing homes, nor lonely old age in rare communication with neighbors at the entrance, nor homes for the disabled, nor boarding houses and centers for temporary stay of pensioners can replace.

But in order for a family of many generations to carry out this personally significant and socially significant function, its home must be spacious enough for each member (at least several generations of one branch of the family living in one place) it was not crowded in their common house and that the house was cozy.

Accordingly, nursing homes, etc. - auxiliary social institutions, means of providing support to those who, due to various reasons - not typical for the normal life of people and society as a whole,- left without a family in old age or disability.

If institutions of this kind pretend to become the main means of supporting the elderly and disabled, this means that society is collapsing, especially if this is accompanied by the so-called “social orphanhood” - lonely children (loneliness in a child’s family is especially depressing) and street children, whose upbringing their biological parents and other relatives avoided.

The second circumstance requiring state support and state cult is precisely healthy family of several adult generations, is that the personal and psychological development of a child proceeds best in such a family, since it is in this family that the child, in an informal setting - in ordinary everyday life - sees all the ages of life ahead of him and the relationships of people of different sexes and different ages. And living in such a family, he unconsciously and consciously and critically adopts the morality, ethics and behavior skills of adults in diverse everyday situations. And in this capacity, a family of several generations cannot be fully replaced by any edifying and educational institution (school, church, etc.).

A family of several adult generations, in whose life there is discord, the tyranny of one of the adults, or a war to establish this kind of tyranny, can only show a child an example of how how not to live - if he can understand it; and if he cannot, then he is doomed with a high probability to unconsciously “automatically” reproduce in his life the vices and mistakes of past generations of his family. But in modern conditions, when clan-tribal image of village life of a family of many generations on one farm has become a thing of the past, such internally conflicting families of many generations, as a rule, cannot arise because younger generations, in conditions of conflicts with older generations, prefer to start a life separate from them, or because young families are destroyed (including with the active complicity older relatives).

A family in which there is only one generation of adults cannot give a child much of what he needs in his personal development, even if harmony reigns in it.

Moreover, “single-parent families” in which one mother (more often) or one father (less often) raise children alone (especially if there is only one child) are even more flawed in this regard: since the psychology of the sexes differs from one another, then overwhelmingly in most cases, neither a single mother nor a single father can show in their everyday behavior to the child everything that he should learn from them for a full adult life; and besides, the child is unable to protect himself from the psychological pressure of one of the adults (if it occurs), and there is no one to protect him. If a single parent lives with his parents (or the parents of the second spouse who has gone “to the side” or to another world), then the generation of grandparents can partly compensate for the absence of the second parent.

But in the vast majority of cases An “incomplete family” (in which there is only one parent and children, and especially if there is one child) cannot give the child everything he needs in his personal moral and psychological development. It cannot give, also because the family falls apart and becomes “incomplete,” mostly as a result of the fact that the parents were unable to identify and resolve their own moral and psychological problems in such a way as to live in harmony and harmony while raising their children. And after the collapse of the “full family” (or refusal to marry if there is pregnancy), these moral and psychological problems are transmitted to the child on the basis of the biofield community of members both the families of his ancestors.

This means that in relation to such families, state assistance should be provided in some aspects not to the “incomplete family”, i.e. essentially not the “head of the family”, but directly to the child. One form of this type of assistance directly to the child There may be specialized kindergartens and schools for children of single mothers, in which the staff of educators and teachers should be mostly male, and a special “extended day” program (in such special schools) should be carefully worked out by psychologists and teachers so that children can to gain what a “single-parent family” cannot give them.

For the same purpose - raising children growing up in “single-parent families” and improving marriage opportunities for single women in a society in which there is a shortage real men (husbands and fathers rolled into one),- It is advisable to legally allow polygamy.

According to what has been said, society will have to overcome the family crisis that has developed to date for many decades, since only over such a very long period of time can healthy families of several generations form and take a position main family type in society.

This will require a state strategy for the development and support of a healthy family, which excludes an economic policy in which the vast majority of the population constantly wanders around the country and the world in search of better earnings: such nomadic “labor power” is one of the most effective factors in the destruction of the family and the transfer of the function of education from parents - “the street” (or even worse - TV and the Internet, which is the key to more or less pronounced moral and mental defectiveness of everyone who receives such an inhuman upbringing); In addition, the nomadism of the “labor force,” whose life is either fundamentally unsatisfactory or distorted by a long life without a family, is one of the sources crime in general and mafia organized crime, in particular.

There is also another significant circumstance that biologists know about, but which sociologists ignore: the modern city is a powerful mutagenic factor that changes human genetics, mostly not for the better. And the state must take this circumstance into account in its demographic policy in the interests of ensuring the health of future generations and the stability of society. This means that under the current biologically unfavorable conditions of urban life, when considering the life of society as a whole in the continuity of generations, maintaining the population of cities should be ensured only in part due to the reproduction of new generations by the city residents themselves. Those. biological population growth in cities (due to the birth of children by city residents themselves) should be negative, but there should be a constant influx of young people into cities from regions where the mutagenic effect is less intense than in cities. This is especially true for cities with a population of more than approximately 200 - 250 thousand people, in which dense development of multi-apartment high-rise buildings predominates, which almost completely pulls people out of natural biocenoses.

But such a demographic policy of the state requires a coordinated interaction of cultures - urban and rural - and, above all, on the basis of achieving a real commonality of standards for compulsory education of schoolchildren both in cities and in rural areas, as well as the general availability of works of art and culture in general, which should be the main task of television and educational Internet portals. The activities of the system of upbringing and education of the younger generations should also be subordinated to the same task: kindergartens, schools, libraries. At the same time, all named and unnamed educational institutions should not program the psyche of children with cultural norms and knowledge, but should show them the ways of growing up as individuals and becoming human, providing the means by which these paths can be better understood, mastered and followed into adulthood .

Statistics show that the transition to a market economy has had a very negative impact on the state of the family. Demographers record a catastrophic drop in the birth rate, sociologists note an increase in the number of asocial families and predict a decline in living standards and a decline in the moral principles of family education.

One of the best gifts a parent can give a child is to introduce them to their family history. As an adult, he himself will become a link between generations. The connection between generations becomes visible when we look at photographs of our relatives together, tell or listen to life stories, “family legends.”

It’s sad that, basically, we don’t know our ancestry beyond three generations. In the modern world there are a lot of technical opportunities to leave it and leave a memory of yourself. This activity will be very interesting and very important for the family. And we know that nothing unites a family like a common hobby. How great it is to get everyone together in the evening not in front of the TV, but in front of the family album over a cup of tea with raspberry jam prepared according to grandma’s recipe!