Individual construction is considered a difficult task, especially for those who are not well versed in this area. It all starts with drawing up a project. You can do this either independently or contact specialists. The first option, of course, saves money. But the commission may not accept such unprofessionally drawn up projects. To prevent this from happening, you need to know all the intricacies of drafting a project and the rules for its design.

Initial development

First, you need to know exactly what kind of cottage you should end up with. If a person has no previous experience in construction, then it is worth spending a couple of days reading relevant literature about the design of buildings and what they are like.

The first rough sketches can be done in a regular notebook. This way you can gradually formulate the approximate shape and type of the desired building. You can start by looking at images of houses in magazines and books. Don't be afraid to experiment and add or remove different components.

If you do not have special drawing skills, you can use special computer programs for design. It won’t take much time to master them, but they will allow you to create a project more competently and quickly. Once the approximate appearance of the house has been determined, it is time to begin developing a plan for the first floors.

First floor of the house

At this stage, it is necessary to properly calculate the dimensions of the planned building. These dimensions are affected by the area of ​​the land plot.

It is important to consider what building materials will be used in the construction of load-bearing structures. After all, the type of foundation will depend primarily on the weight of these materials.

The following are the rooms that are present in almost any house on the ground floor:

1. Hallway. Sometimes it is combined with another small room, for example, a closet;
2. Kitchen. Many owners also want it to have access to the veranda, where they can comfortably eat;
3. Living room. This is usually the largest room;
4. Bedroom. If the family is large, then there may be more than one bedroom;
5. Sanitary premises.

When it is decided how many rooms there will be in the house and what configuration they will have, their area should be calculated. These calculations are made based on the already planned total area of ​​the house.

When creating a drawing, you need to take into account the thickness of the walls and partitions in the house. This thickness is influenced by the building materials used.

The second floor of the house should be planned only after the markings of the first floor have been drawn up.

Building foundation

When it is decided which foundation to lay under the future building, you need to do a lot of calculations. First of all, you need to take into account the soil type of the site and the groundwater level.

It is important to take into account that the base of the building must be larger than the house. This point must be taken into account when calculating the total area.

After the basic calculations, they move on to drawing up an estimate. It indicates all the building materials that will be used in the construction of the house.

There are three important parts of the structure, which are where materials are mainly spent:

1. Load-bearing parts of the building and partitions between rooms;
2. Overlap. This is especially true if builders are constructing a multi-story building;
3. Roof.

It is also necessary to make sketches of the facade of the house. This must be done from several sides. This will help you more fully imagine what the new house will look like from the outside.

In addition to the main plan, the project includes several additional plans. They display the location of electrical wiring, sewerage, and water supply.

The start of any construction is preceded by a whole complex of various calculations: creating a house plan, all the necessary drawings, instructions and explanations for them, drawing up an estimate. What does it represent? Let's try to figure it out.

An example of a house layout created independently

- quite a complex process. It must take into account all the nuances in order to avoid errors at the construction stage. Professional architects can draw up a plan. Although there is nothing difficult in drawing a house plan yourself.

A person who has never taken part in the process of building a house will most likely become confused when he sees a stack of papers with intricate drawings. After all, he doesn’t understand anything about this! Of course, it is not easy for a beginner to understand project documentation. But, you see, when starting the construction of your own house or cottage, it would not be amiss to have at least a general idea of ​​what information is hidden in the designer’s thick folder.

The working documentation should be presented, as well as a set of drawings that will help in the construction of the building. This sketch is agreed upon with the future owner of the house.

After agreement with the customer, the specialist begins work on the main part. The plan of the house, developed in accordance with all norms and rules, contains three main sections: architectural, design and engineering.

The first section displays the design of facades, roofs, locations of window and door openings, rooms, and their area. The design section contains information about the foundation for a given building, fastenings of beams, floors, the presence of stairs, a porch, etc. All calculations regarding possible loads on structural elements are also included in this part.

This is what a house plan with a facade looks like

In addition, the house plan must contain an engineering section, which provides data on the location of the ventilation, heating, electrical, sewerage systems, as well as the water supply system.

What is a house layout

The basis of any project is drawing up a house plan, which is depicted on the documents. They must subsequently be registered with the appropriate authorities.

Important. This must be done before construction begins. This will help avoid various penalties due to illegal construction.

It displays everything in full:

• location of the main structures of the house;
• various partitions;
• placement of rooms and their number;
• windows and doors.

In addition it is stated:

The layout of the building may vary. It all depends on its shape and size.

Options for designing a house layout

Firstly, you can draw the floor plan of a country house yourself. To do this, you do not need to have special knowledge in the field of design.

The most important thing is to determine the size of the future building, the number of rooms in it (layout) and their functionality.

Secondly, you can order it from architects who develop an individual project for any building. The cost of their services is quite high. They have ready-made house plans in their catalog that they can provide to their clients for further development of the project.

Self-composition

Today there is a special program that is used to draw up a house plan completely free of charge.

Apartment planning program

There is no need to install it on your computer. All work is done online.

There are certain fields:

• building width;
• building length;
• overall height;
• height of walls and roof;
• house shape;
• number of floors;
• number of windows and doorways;
• presence of a garage;
• balcony

These are the main parameters that must be set in order to develop a plan for a country house.
After all this, you can visually evaluate on a computer the appearance of the box of the future structure along with the roof. At this stage, adjustments are made to the shape and size.

Appeal to professionals

This method is effective if there is no desire or opportunity to draw a plan of a country house with your own hands.

Detailed drawing of a house, made by hand

Architects, based on the client’s wishes, will find out what the optimal dimensions of the building should be, will be able to correctly make the layout and even calculate the required amount of materials for building a house.

Then the finished house plans are approved by the relevant authorities, and construction can begin.

To correctly draw a building plan, you need to follow a few tips and take into account:

It is necessary to draw a floor plan of the building. This will help determine the usable area, which is divided into residential and utility.

A country house should have an optimal number of storeys. These parameters are based on the size of the free area of ​​the site. The number of floors can be:

It is important to consider that the second and third floors of the house can be used as an attic roof.

The layout of such a room is slightly different from the standard one, due to the non-linear roof structure.

Building materials that will directly influence the layout must also be taken into account. Load-bearing walls and interior partitions are built from them.

Types of layout of private houses

Modern architects try to develop house plans based on the financial capabilities and wishes of the client. For this reason, there are two ways to design. The first is characterized by drawing up a drawing of the total volume of the building, which is then filled with all the necessary correctly located rooms. Here the cardinal directions are taken into account so that it is comfortable to stay in the rooms in summer and winter. The second is floor-by-floor.

You need to draw a project in it:

They are significantly different. Planning the basement must take into account the future size and mass of the building. A typical project is characterized by the location of the living space and the number of load-bearing walls, as well as interior partitions. If a private house has an attic, then there is no need for planning load-bearing structures. It is entirely frame based.

It is worth noting that the usable area on such a residential roof will be much smaller in size, and the ceiling height of the room will be significantly reduced.

Creating an individual project takes a lot of time. Specialists must take into account all the nuances associated with the technological process of building a house, the materials used, the terrain, the soil and the time of year when it is planned to build the house. If you decide to use a ready-made project, keep in mind that it will first have to undergo adaptation.

This means that the designer, having studied all your requirements for the building, as well as the capabilities of a particular site, will have to make appropriate adjustments to the house plan you have chosen.

It’s up to you to purchase ready-made drawings or order an individual project. The main thing is that their development or adaptation is carried out by a professional.

Probably, there is no such person who would not dream of having his own house. This symbolizes a person’s dream, which he is trying to achieve in order to live in comfortable conditions and establish himself as a person, proving to himself that he lived and worked not in vain.

As a wise proverb says, a real man must do three things in his life - build a house, plant a tree and raise a son. And if, in principle, little depends on the person regarding the goal of “raising a son,” then planting a tree is quite possible for everyone, all it takes is a desire.

Regarding the construction of a house in our living conditions, this is not entirely simple, since for this you need to have a certain amount of money, which is not so easy to earn. However, if you still succeeded, then you are lucky!

The construction of a house begins with its design in order to clearly plan the location of the rooms, their area, the number of floors, where the staircases will be located, and so on. Such a house project can be made to order for you by any construction company that carries out orders for the construction of objects. However, it is more interesting to make a project at home yourself, taking into account your desires, especially since in our age of the Internet and advanced computer technologies, this is not at all difficult.

From this article you will learn how you can make a house project on a computer yourself. To do this you need to use special programs. Let's take a closer look at them.

Ashampoo Home Designer Pro 2.0

First, download the program and install it on your computer, then run it.

Please note that it is paid and its cost is thirty dollars, but it has a trial period of use. During these days, we think you will have time to make a project of your dream house yourself on a computer.

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Using this program, you can design a building in three-dimensional mode, orienting it according to the cardinal directions you need, in order to visually see on the screen how it will look on your site.

Having set your dimensions, you can visually make a house project by drawing it in the program, using the tools that the developers have included in it. Select the units of measurement, indicate the scale, and the view of how you can view the structure after the design is completed.

Using the Wall, Window, Door and many other tools that the program has, you draw door and window openings, and also draw the location of the walls of your future building.

To make your home design easier and faster, you can use the built-in design and texture templates in Ashampoo Home Designer Pro 2.0. You can preview any selected part from all sides using the 3D mode, rotating it as you like at any angle.

If you decide to build a two or three-story building, then use a special function that will allow you to copy everything that you have already drawn and transfer it to other floors. You can also set your own height for each floor.

Using these templates you draw the roof. If none of the ready-made options suits you, you have the opportunity to draw it yourself. In this case, the program itself will calculate all the parameters - width, length, total area, and so on.

If you have a site plan on which the orientation to the cardinal points is indicated, then you can transfer this data to the program so that the house design is as close to reality as possible.

A very interesting and useful feature in the program is realistic global illumination. Using it, you can plan where all other objects on the site will be located - gazebos, lawns and other buildings. At the same time, you will see what kind of shadow and where each object will be cast throughout the day.

With Ashampoo Home Designer Pro 2.0 you can even design the interior of your home. You can plan the interior environment, while floor and wall coverings will be shown very realistically.

You can even furnish the rooms with furniture, examples of which can also be found in the program templates, while the samples presented are exact copies of furniture models that you can actually buy in a store, so the project will look as realistic as possible.

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Online services

If you don’t want to download and install, much less buy the program, you can use online services that also provide the opportunity to make a project at home.

According to experts, planner5d.com is the best site for this purpose.

It is very convenient because the workspace contains intuitive tools with which you can easily and quickly create your project. The size of the room, the type of materials, the colors of the floor and walls, wallpaper, furniture, the environment around the house - this is not the entire list of what you can change and plan in your project on this site.

The only thing you have to do first is register on it. So, register, confirm your registration by email and log in with your username and password.

Now click the “create project” button and then select “start from scratch”.

A page will open where you will see a room plan with a standard square footage, which was initially laid out on the site after the start of a new project.

If you pull the side margins, you can change the width and length of the room to suit your needs. Then you start filling it with details - select and insert any type of windows, doors or arches. Place stairs, columns, partitions.

In the left menu there are buttons with which you can switch rooms, interior type, layers, floor.

On the interior tab, you can select furniture, home appliances to suit any most demanding taste, as well as decorative items and other designs.

After clicking on the room whose thumbnail is displayed on the left, you can select the materials that will cover the walls, ceiling and floor.

To switch to the volumetric view of the project, click on the corresponding button at the top right.

After this, you can zoom in, zoom out, and rotate the house as you need to get a more realistic look.

Well, that's all for today. Good luck to all!

Video lessons

House project

The project must be prepared initially before any construction begins. It doesn’t matter whether it’s a huge cottage outside the city or a small house on a summer cottage, any thoughts should first be realized on paper.

When developing a project, you have the opportunity to accurately calculate the final cost of building materials and work, which will help you complete the construction within the expected time frame and live in a new home.

Now there are a large number of companies that can offer services for calculating your projects or are already implementing ready-made ones. Their cost is very high, and most self-developers, wanting to save money, do not want to pay special attention to this. In fact, you can create a house project yourself, but here you need to know that there are points that need to be paid great attention to.

Plan for developing a project for the construction of a private house

Before you begin the work of designing a house, you should decide what it is intended for:

• will this building be a summer cottage or will the house be a solid one for living in all year round;
• understand for yourself whether there will be more buildings on the site;
• will you build a garage and how many cars should it fit, where will the bathhouse, well, septic tank and other objects be located that can affect the size of the house and its best location on the land plot;
• whether the site is sloped and geodetic expertise will also be factors that will influence the location of the house.

All these points must be taken into account; based on the information received, a master plan for the entire site is developed. With a plan like this, you can save a lot of time and money. If you follow the markings, you can immediately prepare a parking lot for a car, install a septic tank and make a well.

Creating a house or cottage project

Now you can start creating a house project. You already know approximately what size it will be and where it will be located.

Preliminary design

You can create such a project yourself, and according to it the architect will make the layout and think about spatial and style solutions.

This type of drawing will also include a plan for the building, roofing and number of storeys of the house. In addition, a view of the facade, a transverse and longitudinal section of the building will be displayed. It also notes what materials will be used to build the house, its features in the design of all parts. And based on a detailed sketch type design, a worker will be created, which will be a kind of guide for the construction team.

Creating a working type project for a home

Architectural stage of the project

The architectural type project is the most enjoyable part of planning a house. Here they draw the location of all the rooms and their area, add additional rooms, and mark the places where windows or doors will be located.

At this stage, the type of material from which the house will be built should also be taken into account. This will determine how thick the walls will be, the size of windows, doors, and the slope of the roof. As a result, you will have several drawings, where there will be notes with explanations. You can do everything by hand on paper or use special programs on your PC.

Structural type stage in design

At this stage, it is necessary to calculate all the details of the house. What kind of foundation will be used and to what depth it needs to be deepened. What kind of “pie” should be made for the walls, the floors between floors are selected, and calculations are also made on the location of the rafters and where the chimney will be located. As a result, you receive drawings for the construction of walls, a plan for the rafter system, interfloor stairs, lintels, beams and much more. All materials should be calculated so that you purchase everything you need and in the right volume.

Draft engineering plan

This is a very important stage, which cannot be found and met in all building plans, but without such a project it will not be possible to build a high-quality house. It includes design and calculation:

• sewer system;
• water supply;
• ventilation;
• heating circuit;
• electrical wiring and equipment.

This project must have a plan for the phased implementation of communications necessary for life. The working type project should contain in detail all the information about the design power of the structure, the development of electrical wiring and the grounding system in order to protect the house from lightning. A separate section covers the installation of a home security system.

House design project

This stage is the final one during design. Here you need to decide on the color scheme:

• facade;
• roofs;
• house walls;
• interior decoration.

When designing, you should also think about the style and design of all rooms and how the furniture will be located.

Creating a project with your own hands for private developers is much more rational when he will do all the construction work himself. When the project is in hand, it will be very difficult for a non-specialist to understand it and understand all the details that are there.

What should you pay attention to when developing individual house designs?

The project must be approached comprehensively, because all the engineering and design features of the building should be taken into account. In order to build the house you dream of, when purchasing a plot of land, you need to think about the possibility of installing a water supply, electrical wiring and sewer system. No matter how carefully you work on a project, if you are not an expert, you may not take into account some points. And during construction, moments may arise when individual parts of the structure will have to be altered or completed on the fly.

The latest materials and availability of data can greatly simplify the work for developers. For example, there is a huge selection of standard and free projects on the Internet. But you should also understand the fact that no one will give you truly high-quality work for free. These types of projects will require good work or will not be fully completed.

Another option is to purchase a ready-made kit for building a house directly from the factory. This kit includes two OSB boards, between which there is a layer of foam. Having selected the required type of project for a frame house from a manufacturing company, it is produced in such a way as to take into account all window and door openings, and, for an additional fee, partitions between rooms.

The customer must simply carry out the assembly work according to the instructions, which resemble a construction set. In any situation, the starting point when developing any type of project is the budget for construction.

Features when creating a wooden house project

When developing a project for a house made of timber or chopped timber, it is necessary to take into account some nuances that may ultimately affect the final result:

• Usually logs or beams for a house are used 6 meters long. When building a large, spacious house, such dimensions are not enough and then it is necessary to join the logs. It is impossible to say that it is possible to do such work on open walls, so the joints at the cuts should be calculated and they additionally need to be insulated;
• in order to ensure correct shrinkage and the necessary rigidity of the entire structure, the joints should be placed in a checkerboard pattern in each of the subsequent crowns of the log. And they should be distributed in such a way that they are located in several cuttings;
• the method of assembling a house from logs requires only an even number of corners;
• during design, proper distribution of the load on all parts of the load-bearing type is taken into account;
• if you rely on an initial length of 6 meters, then the project should be created taking into account the minimum volume of waste;
• partitions made of logs on the second floor must be placed precisely above the walls of the load-bearing type, otherwise they are replaced with pillars made of timber, which have less mass, or cut boards;
• if you plan to build an attic second floor, then the staircase should not be located next to the wall, which supports the roof slope.

Project creation software

The latest software makes DIY design tasks much easier. Using such programs, you can create a 3D model that will be viewed from all sides and can be zoomed in or out. Most of them are adapted for ordinary users and can be used for free. Let's look at the most popular ones.

Probably the most relevant one is a program called Google SketchUp. It is the easiest to use, but has many functions.

Using this program, you can create not only a 3D project, but also design the interior and landscape design of your yard. It has a huge number of textures and is very convenient for creating projects of various designs, in which it is necessary to carry out calculations accurate to one millimeter. Its most important advantage is that it is completely free.

The Arcone program is equally popular. But you can work with this software only after you have completed the training course. It opens up the opportunity to create a 3D model of the house and the rooms inside it. You can also see the lighting in the rooms and the location of the windows.

Another equally relevant program can be called ArchiCAD. This program is used by both amateurs and specialists. It represents a whole set of tools so that you can design structures and develop their design. It makes it possible to develop not only excellent models, but also to use and maintain any technical and construction documents. The licensed version is paid.

creating a house project

Conclusion:

To summarize, it is worth saying that creating projects for building houses is a very painstaking and complex task. You can develop sketches yourself, but you shouldn’t rush and think through and consider a wide variety of options. And it’s better to leave working moments for specialists. Also, you will not be able to do without the services of an architect during the preparation of projects for administrative authorities or in order for you to be issued a building permit.

The need to independently design a house can be caused by two reasons. The first is the opportunity to save on inviting professional designers, and the second is the desire to create future housing with your own hands. In both cases, the question becomes relevant: how to make a house project effective and of high quality?

1. How to make a house project yourself

Carrying out design work requires special knowledge and skills. The durability and reliability of the building, as well as the comfort of living in it, depend on the quality of documentation. Therefore, before you start making a house project, you should carefully weigh the pros and cons of such a decision. Most often, it is still recommended to contact specialized design organizations.

If you decide to design yourself, the following actions must be taken before starting work:

• Select a program designed for design. There are many software products on the market that can facilitate the process of creating a project (ArchiCAD, AutoCAD, ArCon and others);
• Get acquainted with ready-made projects available on the market. Information about common architectural and design solutions will help you draw up a project correctly;
• Collect as much information as possible about the land plot on which the building is planned to be built.

3D house project

The design is carried out taking into account three main requirements for the future home:

• multifunctionality;
• simplicity of architectural and design solutions;
• aesthetic appearance.

Whether to follow the general rules is a personal matter for the future owner. It is possible to design a house that does not satisfy any of the listed requirements, but this approach can hardly be called effective for two reasons. First, the construction will cost much more. Secondly, the likelihood of successfully searching for innovative solutions that have not yet been found is extremely low.

2. Main stages of design

The project development process is a complex multi-step procedure. It includes the sequential execution of a number of stages. The quality of each of them seriously affects the effectiveness of the project as a whole.

2.1 Choosing the location of the house on the site

First of all, the location of the house on the land is determined. To do this, you should create a plan, placing on it the designed building and other buildings whose construction is planned in the future. In the course of work, the following points are taken into account:

• location of utility networks to which the internal communications of the house will be connected. Particular attention is paid to the gas pipeline and electricity supply, since sewerage and water supply, as a rule, in modern private housing construction are carried out in the form of autonomous systems;
• access road diagram. The cost of building a road is high, so the building and garage are sited to minimize the amount of road work;
• location of buildings in adjacent areas. Current standards require a minimum distance of a house from the border of the site equal to 3 meters. In practice, the smart solution is to place the building in the depths of the site at the maximum possible distance from neighboring buildings.

Proper placement of the building on the site will reduce the cost of upcoming construction without compromising the quality and comfort of housing.

General plan of the site

2.2 Geological exploration

The purpose of geological surveys is to obtain information about the characteristics of soil and groundwater at the site of future construction. This is required to select the type and depth of the foundation. It is better to carry out work in the spring, when the water rises to its maximum height. A common way to find out the properties of soil is to visit buildings erected nearby. As a rule, the soil in neighboring areas has similar characteristics.

2.3 Determination of building parameters

At this stage, the following important parameters of the building are determined:

• number of storeys;
• square;
• composition and functional purpose of premises;
• type of foundation (strip, pile, slab, etc.) and roof;
• materials whose use is planned during construction;
• appearance.

Based on the information received, a preliminary design of the building should be drawn, which is an outline of the layout and appearance of the house.

Part of the preliminary design of the building

2.4 Development of the architectural part of the project

At this stage, the sketch is detailed by developing layouts for each floor, indicating the area of ​​the rooms, the location of door and window openings. In this case, the functional purpose of each room is taken into account.

• heights of each floor;
• location of openings;
• type of roof and materials used in its construction;
• sections of the building showing the thickness of the walls and ceilings, as well as the materials used for construction.

Detailed floor plan of the house (masonry plan)

Often a professional designer is invited to create the architectural part of the project. This approach is quite effective, since this stage places increased demands on qualifications.

2.5 Development of individual structural elements

The next stage is a detailed study of each individual structural element, which include:

• foundation;
• basement (if available);
• floors;
• walls;
• roof.

To do this, you should draw diagrams, sections and other design documents that include all the information necessary to complete the construction.

Section of a house indicating materials

Design work is carried out in one of two ways:

• performing calculations of the load-bearing capacity of structures and compliance with sound and thermal insulation requirements;
• use of standard solutions from ready-made projects with similar parameters.

The use of the first option requires higher qualifications, which are necessary even when using structural calculation programs. The advantage of the method is high reliability and the ability to reduce construction costs. This is achieved by the fact that the design does not include an excessive margin of safety, which is often present in standard options.

Using solutions from ready-made projects reduces the time required for design and also guarantees the reliability and durability of the designed building. The disadvantage of this approach is the presence of excess inventory, which leads to higher construction costs.

2.6 Internal and external engineering networks

Engineering communications include the following systems:

• water pipes;
• sewerage;
• gas supply;
• electricity supply;
• ventilation.

The listed utility networks (with the exception of the ventilation system) are divided into external (that is, located outside the building) and internal. When designing, the two options described above are also used - the use of standard solutions or independent calculation of parameters. The second option requires the mandatory participation of a specialist, so when designing independently, the first method is used.

House ventilation project

2.7 Design project of the building

The final stage of project development is the creation of a building design, external and internal. In practice, most often only the basic finishing technologies and types of materials used for the work are indicated. This approach is justified by the fact that finishing is carried out after the completion of the remaining stages of construction, and its quality and level are determined by the financial resources remaining at the owner’s disposal by that time. Naturally, the final choice of technology and material, depending on the economic situation, cannot be determined at the design stage.

House design project

3. Disadvantages of DIY design

It is possible to design a private house yourself. It must be taken into account that design work is a complex process that requires serious knowledge, skills and experience. Organizations engaged in design receive the appropriate SRO approval. This is logical, since the safety of life and health of people living in the building depends on the quality of the developed design documentation.

The experience and professional knowledge of the designer allow us to select the optimal solutions in terms of cost and reliability. It is difficult to imagine that a person engaged in design for the first time will be able to offer more effective options. As a result, the costs required for the construction of the building increase, or the level of living comfort and durability of the building decreases. Taking into account the above, the most appropriate option is to invite a specialized organization, the competent choice of which will allow you to obtain a high-quality result at minimal financial costs.