Leonid Nikolaevich Andreev Kusaka summary. Retelling of the work "Kusak" Andreeva L.N.

1) Features of the genre. The story is an epic genre; small form of narrative literature; a small work of art depicting a single event in a person's life. The work of L.N. Andreev "Kusaka" is written in the genre of the story. In his works of art, L.N. Andreev continues the literary tradition of the writers of the 19th century - he defends the humiliated and offended.

2) Themes and problems of the story. L.N. Andreev raises the theme of mercy and compassion in his short prose work "Kusaka". Describing the described situation, depicting the life of a dog, the writer makes people think about the consequences of their actions, teaches them humanity, a merciful attitude towards people. Good and evil are two opposite concepts, two extreme positions. Good in dictionaries is interpreted as positive, good, moral, worthy of imitation, something that does not harm other people. Evil is something bad, immoral, worthy of condemnation. In line with these ethical problems, there is a story by L. Andreev "Kusaka". The writer himself explains his position: “... In the story “Kusak” the dog is the hero, for all living things have the same soul, all living things suffer the same suffering and in great impersonality and equality merge together before the formidable forces of life” . The attitude towards animals is one of the criteria of morality for L. Andreev, and the naturalness and sincerity in communicating with them of children opposes the spiritual callousness and indifference of adults. The theme of compassion is revealed in the story through descriptions of Kusaka, the changed conditions of her life with the arrival of summer residents in the summer, and the attitude of people towards a homeless creature. Often people offend the most defenseless. For example, in the story "Bitter" one drunk felt sorry for a dirty and ugly dog, but when she lay down on her back in front of him to be caressed, the drunk man "remembered all the insults inflicted on him by kind people, felt bored and stupid anger and, with a flourish, poked her in the side with the toe of a heavy boot. The biter "absurdly somersaulted, clumsily jumped and twirled around itself," and these actions of the dog caused real laughter among summer residents, but people did not notice the "strange plea" in the eyes of the dog. The comfort of city life is not consistent with the presence of a yard dog, so outwardly kind people remain indifferent to the further fate of Kusaka, who remains alone in the country. And even the schoolgirl Lelya, who loved the dog so much and asked her mother to take her with her, “at the station ... remembered that she had not said goodbye to Kusaka.” Terrible and terrible is the howl of a dog once again deceived. “And to those who heard this howl, it seemed that it was groaning and rushing towards the light itself, the hopelessly dark night itself, and wanted to be warm, to a bright fire, to a loving woman's heart.” Biter's appearance changes depending on whether she feels the love of people; at first it was “dirty and ugly”, then it “changed beyond recognition...” and at the end it was “wet again, dirty...” In the pursuit of conveniences, material values, people forgot about the most important thing: kindness, compassion, mercy. Therefore, the theme of compassion raised in the story "Kusaka" is relevant. A person should think about the consequences of his actions, protect the disadvantaged, and the work of the Russian writer Leonid Nikolaevich Andreev teaches the reader all this. The French writer Antoine de Saint-Exupery in one of his books said that people are responsible for those they have tamed. Those kind people, who are mentioned in L. Andreev's story "Kusaka", are unfamiliar with this truth. Their irresponsibility, their inability and unwillingness to take responsibility for those whom they tamed, led to the road leading to evil.

3) Characteristics of the heroes.

Kusaka image. In his story “Kusaka”, Leonid Andreev portrayed a stray dog ​​as the main character, which “belonged to no one”.

Kusaka - no one needs a creature that does not know a name, lonely. The life of such animals is bleak: "the guys threw stones and sticks at her, the adults hooted merrily and whistled terribly, piercingly." Fear, alienation and anger - these are the only feelings that the dog experienced. With the onset of spring, the life of the dog changed: kind people who settled in an abandoned dacha, and especially the schoolgirl Lelya, caressed the dog: she got a name, they began to feed and caress her. Kusaka felt that she belonged to people, "her irreconcilable malice was taken away from her." Kusaka strives for people with her whole being, but unlike domestic dogs, “she didn’t know how to caress”, her movements and jumps were awkward, causing everyone to laugh uncontrollably. Biter wanted to please, and only her eyes were full of "strange pleading". The writer does not write what the dog asks for, but a thoughtful reader understands that at the dacha Kusaku is perceived as a living toy that fills the monotonous summer days with fun. Summer residents do not think about the true feelings of the dog. But, in spite of everything, Kusaka is grateful to people, now “you don’t need to worry about food, because at a certain hour the cook will give her slops and bones.” The nature of the dog has changed: it has become more open, "sought and asked for affection", gladly guarded the old dacha, guarded people's sleep. With the onset of autumn, Kusaka’s life changed again: people gathered to return to the city, where they don’t need a yard dog: “We don’t have a yard, but you can’t keep it in the rooms, you yourself understand.” The state of loss in the animal is conveyed by the descriptions of the outgoing summer: “the rain either began to fall or subsided”, “the space between the blackened earth and the sky was full of swirling, rapidly moving clouds”, “a sunbeam, yellow and anemic”, “foggy became wider and sadder autumn distance. In this episode, Kusaka is compared with the fool Ilyusha, who is laughed at by people and who is also misunderstood and lonely. Kusaka was again left alone in the country. But now the dog's life is even harder, because she was again abandoned by those people whom she loved and trusted: "the dog howled - evenly, persistently and hopelessly calmly." Describing the image of Kusaka, JI.H. Andreev uses various techniques: he describes the feelings and behavior of the animal, compares the state of the dog with pictures of nature, compares the attitude of people to the weak and defenseless: to the fool Ilyusha and to Kusaka.

4) The role of the landscape in the story. Landscape in literature is an image of living and inanimate nature. The psychological function of the landscape - the state of nature is correlated with feelings and experiences. A special case when nature becomes the protagonist of the work, for example, Andreev's dog Kusak. Descriptions of nature play an important role in conveying Kusaka's mood. When Kusaka is alone, everything in nature is gloomy; cold, slush, rain; when Kusaka loves and is loved, then the sun, warmth, flowering apple trees and cherries are all around.

Andreev's story "Kusak" tells about the hard life of a homeless dog. A summary will help the reader to learn the plot, get to know the main characters in less than 5 minutes.

Who is Kusaka

Once a drunken man seemed to want to caress her, but when the dog approached him, he hit her with the toe of his boot. Therefore, the animal completely ceased to trust people. This is how Andreev's work "Kusak" sadly begins. A brief summary will allow the reader to travel from winter to spring and summer, where the dog was happy.

How the dog became Biter

In winter, the dog took a fancy to one empty dacha and began to live under the house. But spring has come. The owners have arrived. The dog saw a pretty girl who rejoiced in the fresh air, the sun, nature. Her name was Lelya. The girl spun, engulfed in love for everything that surrounded her. And then a dog attacked her from behind the bushes. She grabbed the girl by the hem of her dress. She screamed and ran into the house.

At first, summer residents wanted to drive away or even shoot the animal, but they were kind people. What's next for the reader in Andreev's "Kusak" story? A summary will help answer this question. Then good things awaited the dog.

Gradually, people got used to the nightly barking of the dog. Sometimes in the morning they thought about her and asked about where their Kusaka was. So they named the dog. Summer residents began to feed the animal, but at first she was afraid when they threw bread at her. Apparently, she thought that it was a stone being thrown at her, and ran away.

Kusaki's Short Happiness

One day, Lyolya, a schoolgirl, called Kusaka. At first she didn’t go to any, she was afraid. The girl cautiously herself began to move towards Kusaka. Lelya began to say kind words to the dog and she trusted her - she lay on her stomach and closed her eyes. The girl stroked the dog. This is the surprise prepared for the reader by Andreev's work "Kusak". The summary continues the positive narrative.

Lelya stroked the animal and was happy about it herself, she called the children and they also began to caress Kusaka. Everyone was delighted. After all, the dog from an excess of feelings began to awkwardly jump, somersault. The children burst into laughter at the sight of this. Everyone asked Kusaka to repeat their funny somersaults.

Gradually, the dog got used to the fact that she did not need to take care of food. Kusaka recovered, became heavier and stopped running with the children into the forest. At night, she also guarded the dacha, sometimes bursting into loud barking.

The rainy autumn has arrived. Many summer residents have already left for the city. Lely's family began to gather there as well. The girl asked her mother about how to be with Biter. What did the mother say? Help you find out summary. Andreeva Kusaka was not happy for long. The woman said that there was nowhere to keep her in the city and she would have to be left in the country. Lelya almost had nothing to do. The gardeners have left.

The dog darted around for a long time, running in their tracks. She even ran to the station, but did not find anyone. Then she climbed under the house in the dacha and began to howl - insistently, evenly and hopelessly calmly.

Here is a work written by The story "Kusaka" awakens the best feelings, teaches compassion for those who need it.

Year: 1901 Genre: story

Main characters: Kusaka is a mongrel dog, Lelya is a teenage girl.

1901 Andreev Leonid finishes his work "Kusaka". In the center of the story is a dog that no one needs. They spy on her, they can even beat her. She seeks shelter for herself and finds a dacha where she spends the winter. And here on life path A holiday happens to Biters: a family with children comes to the dacha. The girl Lelya became attached to the dog, and Kusaka, in turn, realized that it was great to have an owner, to be needed by someone. But one day in autumn everything ends, the summer residents leave for the city and Kusaka is left alone again. She doesn't understand why people are so cruel.

The main idea. The main idea of ​​the sample of the Russian classic “Kusaka” is that Leonid Andreev, with his text, calls on us to love and take care of animals, to have compassion for them, not to throw them out into the street, thereby replenishing the armies of homeless animals. And one involuntarily recalls the words of Antoine de Saint-Exupery: "We are responsible for those we have tamed."

What does it teach. L. Andreev's story "The Biter" teaches people to be responsible for the animals they have tamed. A person must show mercy towards animals, only then can he be called truly humane and reasonable. This idea is revealed in the work through the image of a stray dog ​​that dreams of the owner's affection and care.

Read the summary of Andreev Kusak chapter by chapter.

Chapter 1.

Kusaka is a stray dog. Nobody needs her. She is afraid of everyone. In her dog life, she sees only cruelty and evil. Moreover, such hostility is not only from people, but also from yard dogs. Children tease her and throw stones and sticks at her, and dogs that have owners can bark at Kusaku. Good words she hears only once in her life, and then, they sound from the lips of a drunken peasant. And the mood of drunkards is changeable. The caress is suddenly and unpredictably replaced by anger. The man wanted to pet the dog first, but kicked it instead of petting it. Since then, Kusaka hates people.

Winter is coming. The dog seeks refuge, finds it and settles in an empty cottage. She becomes so accustomed to this place that it seems to her that she must guard it. She even barks at those who pass by. This is important and meaningful to her.

Chapter 2

After winter comes spring. Summer residents come to "her" house. Biter is watching the arrivals from the bushes. Then she sees the girl Lelya, who did not notice how the dog crept up to her. It was Kusaka. She tore a tuft from Lely's hem. At night, Kusaka realizes that from now on she must protect not only the house, but also the people living in it.

Time goes by. Summer residents and the dog get used to each other's existence. They even came up with a name for the dog. Now she is Kusaka. The dog loves everything. She is fed, and in response to their manifestations of care, she comes closer and closer to people. Lelya finally shortened the distance between them, she offered Kusaka sugar and the dog believed people for the second time in her life, and let herself be stroked. After that, the girl called other children. Kusaka is happy that someone needs her. She expresses her admiration as best she can.

Chapter 3

Kusaka lives freely. She eats her fill. Her fur is slick. Kusaka is grateful to people, thanks to them, she again became able to play with others, to show her good qualities. Her somersaults evoked good-natured laughter from those who watched her. But Kusaka is not offended at all. On the contrary, she is happy and well. Most importantly, she found owners, someone needs her, that she is no longer alone, which means she is not embittered by the whole world. In nighttime the main task Biters - guarding the cottage and its inhabitants.

Chapter 4

Summer replaces autumn. The days are getting shorter and, most importantly, colder. The sun is no longer shining as brightly and gently as in summer. The inhabitants of the dacha began to gather in the city. The girl became attached to her pet during the time spent outside the city. Lelya even wanted to take the dog with her, but her mother answered her that it was impossible to keep a dog in a city apartment. Lelya is crying bitterly. Mom promises her in return that she will buy an expensive puppy for her daughter.

Kusaka is watching the gathering of summer residents. It becomes clear to her that something bad is coming. But until she understands this and does not realize it. It's starting to rain. It gets cold and uncomfortable. Soon the summer residents left for the station. Only then Lelya realized that she had not said goodbye to Biter. This thought makes her sad and sad.

Chapter 5

Kusaka does not yet realize what is happening. The dog does not feel lonely yet. She even ran to the station, looked for her owners, but there was no one there. Everyone left. The night has come. It was at this time that Kusaka realized that darkness filled her entire being. She became scared and sad. Then Kusaka howled very plaintively. The last words in the story: "The dog howled."

Picture or drawing of Biter

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L.N. Andreev

Name: Nipper

Genre: Story

Duration: 8min 57sec

Annotation:

A homeless dog is frightened by the cruelty of people, the malice of other dogs. She is hungry, embittered, trusts no one. For the winter, she found shelter under the terrace of an empty cottage.
In the spring, the owners, a family with children, came to the dacha. At first, the dog frightened the cheerful girl Lyalya, clinging to the hem of her dress. But the people weren't evil at all. The dog was fed well. She even got a name - Kusaka. Children willingly played with her, took her for a walk with them. Biter has recovered, her hair has become shiny. It has become like a real dog that guards its owners. She was very proud of this.
But summer has come to an end. Lyalya started asking her parents what to do with Biter. The girl was very sorry to leave the dog. But the mother did not want to hear about taking her with her. And one day everyone left, and Kusaka was left alone again. At first she was looking for people, ran to the station, looked into the windows. But when the night came, I realized that she was alone again. And in the hopeless rainy night her desperate howl was heard for a very long time.

L.N. Andreev - Kusaka. Listen to the summary online.

Retelling plan

1. The life of a stray dog.
2. Summer residents give the dog a name and gradually tame it.
3. Biter is happy because people need and love them.
4. Summer residents leave, but Kusaka remains.
5. Woe to an abandoned dog.

retelling
I

The dog was no one's, she had no name, and it is not known where she spent the winter and what she ate. Yard dogs chased her away from the warm huts, the boys threw sticks and stones at her, and the adults hooted and whistled terribly. The dog ran away from everyone, beside himself with fear, hid deep in the garden and licked his wounds and bruises, accumulating fear and anger.

Only once did they take pity on her and caress her. It was a drunken man. Patting her knee, he called her to him, called the Bug. She approached hesitantly. But the mood of the drunkard changed dramatically, and when the dog came up and lay down in front of him on his back, he kicked her in the side with a swing of his boot. The bug squealed more from resentment than from pain, and the man went home, where he beat his wife and tore off the handkerchief bought for her as a gift.

Since then, the dog has always run away from people who wanted to caress it, and sometimes attacked them with malice. For one winter, she settled under the terrace of an empty cottage.

Spring came, and summer residents arrived from the city, "a whole merry band of adults, teenagers and children." The first person the dog met was a very cheerful pretty girl. She ran out into the garden and spun around, and at that time a dog crept up to her and grabbed her by the hem of her dress. The girl, frightened, ran away and said to everyone: “Mom, children! Do not go into the garden: there is a dog! Huge!.. Furious!..»

The gardeners were very kind people. “The sun entered them with warmth and came out with laughter and disposition towards all living things.” At first they wanted to drive away the evil dog, which also kept you awake at night with its barking, but then they got used to it and sometimes remembered in the morning: “Where is our Biter?” This new name stuck with her.

Biter every day came closer to people. That same girl, named Lelya, managed to find an approach to Kusaka. One day, talking very kindly to the dog, she carefully approached it. And for the second time in her life, Kusaka rolled over on her back and closed her eyes, not knowing whether they would offend her or caress her. But she was caressed. Soon all the children came running and stroked her in turn, and she still trembled at every touch of the caressing hand. Kusaka's unaccustomed caress hurt like a blow.

“Kusaka bloomed with all her canine soul. She was fed, and she changed beyond recognition: the wool, which had previously hung in tufts, cleared, turned black and began to shine like satin. All this was unusual for Biters, and she did not know how to caress, like other dogs.

The only thing she could do was fall on her back and scream. But this was not enough to express all the love, and therefore she absurdly tumbled, clumsily jumped and spun around herself, and her body, which was always so flexible and dexterous, became clumsy, ridiculous and pathetic. People liked it, and they deliberately caressed her, persuading her to play more. And she did this many more times, but she was still afraid of strangers and hid in the garden. Soon she got used to not getting food for herself, because the cook fed her, and all the time the dog was looking for and asking for caresses.

Autumn has come. Lelya thought about what to do with Biter. Mom once said that the dog would have to be left. Lele felt sorry for the animal to tears. Mom told her that they would take a puppy, and “what is this mongrel!” Lelya repeated that she was sorry for the dog, but she did not cry anymore.

They started getting ready to leave. Biter, frightened and foreseeing trouble, ran to the edge of the garden and looked at the terrace. “You are here, my poor Nipper,” said Lelya, who came out. She called her to come with her and they walked along the highway. Ahead was an outpost, next to it was a tavern, and at the tavern a bunch of people teased the village fool Ilyusha. Ilyusha cursed cynically and dirtyly, and they laughed without much amusement.

"Boring, Biter!" - Lelya said quietly and, without looking back, went back. And only at the station did she remember that she had not said goodbye to Biter.

Kusaka rushed about in the footsteps of the people who left, ran to the station, but then returned. At the dacha, she did a new trick: “for the first time she went up to the terrace and, rising on her hind legs, looked into the glass door and even scratched her nails.” But Kusaka did not answer, because everything in the rooms was empty.

Night fell, and the dog howled plaintively and loudly. “And to the one who heard this howl, it seemed that the very dark night was groaning and rushing towards the light, and longing for warmth, for a bright fire, for a loving woman's heart. The dog howled."