Common viburnum will decorate the area and produce a harvest of medicinal berries. Details about plum

Viburnum (lat. Viburnum) belongs to the genus of woody flowering plants of the Adoxaceae family, of which there are more than 160 species. Representatives of this genus are distributed in the temperate zone of the northern hemisphere, as well as in the Andes, the Antilles and Madagascar. The plant received the Slavic word “viburnum” presumably because of its red, seemingly red-hot berries. In Slavic culture, there are many legends, tales, sayings and proverbs about viburnum. In the middle zone you can most often find the species viburnum (Viburnum opulus), but for some time now this plant has appeared in our gardens.

Planting and caring for viburnum (in brief)

• Landing: in spring or autumn.
• Lighting: bright light, but partial shade is better.
• The soil: any, except peat and podzolic. Acidity is preferably neutral or slightly acidic – pH 5.5-6.5.
• Watering: weekly, water consumption - 3-4 buckets per adult bush. Young plants require less moisture, but they are watered in the same regime.
• Feeding: dry ones are preferred: in the spring - two tablespoons of urea are scattered along the trunk circle of each bush, before flowering, a half-liter jar of ash and 2 tablespoons of potassium sulfate are scattered along the root area, and after flowering - 2 tablespoons of Nitroammofoska. The last time is to add a solution of 2 tablespoons of superphosphate and potassium sulfate in 10 liters of water, but if you mulch the tree trunk circles with organic matter, you can do without the last fertilizing.
• Trimming: in the spring, before the buds open, sanitary and formative pruning is carried out, and in the fall, if necessary, sanitary pruning is carried out.
• Reproduction: seeds, cuttings, layering (horizontal and vertical), root shoots.
• Pests: viburnum leaf beetles, black leaf rollers, viburnum leaf rollers, honeysuckle gall midges, green lobed moths.

Read more about growing viburnum below.

Viburnum bushes - description

Viburnum is a deciduous shrub or small tree. Viburnum leaves are opposite, sometimes whorled, deciduous, simple, lobed, palmately lobed or entire, serrated or entire, petiolate. The apical simple or complex umbellate or umbellate-corymbose inflorescences consist of pink or white flowers. Flowering viburnum begins in late May or early June. The fruit is usually an edible drupe of red or blue-black color. The lifespan of viburnum is on average 50-60 years.

Today, viburnum is gaining popularity among amateur gardeners and is grown in personal plots along with such fruit trees as apple, pear, plum, cherry, etc. We offer you a detailed story about how to plant viburnum in your garden, how to care for viburnum from the moment of planting until the end of its life cycle, how to propagate viburnum, how to feed viburnum to ensure a stable harvest of its most valuable berries, how to prune viburnum to prolong its lifespan - we have collected and systematized all this information in our article so that it is easy and convenient for you to use it.

Planting viburnum

When to plant viburnum

Planting and caring for viburnum does not involve any difficulties. Viburnum grows well on neutral and slightly acidic soils (pH 5.5-6.5), but peat, podzolic and sandy soils are not suitable for it. The depth of groundwater in the area where viburnum grows is desirable to be at least 1 m. In order for your viburnum to grow for a long time and be healthy, create conditions for it that are close to natural.

Viburnum loves good light, but grows best in partial shade. Some experts even claim that viburnum grown in shady places is less susceptible to attack by pests.

Viburnum is planted both in spring and autumn. Before planting, the area is dug up, freeing the soil from weeds. There is no need to add organic fertilizers to fertile soil, but if the soil is poor, fertilizers are applied directly into the hole during planting.

Planting viburnum in spring

So, in the spring, before the leaves bloom, dig a hole measuring 50x50x50 in the area. If you are planting more than one bush, then place the holes at a distance of 2.5-3.5 m from each other. Pour 2/3 of a thoroughly mixed soil mixture into the hole, consisting of the top layer of soil taken out of the hole, 1 bucket of humus or peat and 2 cups of Nitrophoska, pour out 4 buckets of water and leave for several days. After about a week, pour the remaining mixture into a heap into the hole so that it rises 10-12 cm above the surface, place the roots of a three-year-old seedling on the mound, straighten them, fill the hole with the remaining mixture, compact the surface of the area around the seedling, water it generously and mulch the tree trunk circle with compost , peat or humus. Try to place the viburnum seedlings so that their root collar is 5-6 cm underground.

Planting viburnum in autumn

Autumn planting of viburnum is no different from spring. Viburnum is planted in the time period between leaf fall and the first frost.

Viburnum care

Caring for viburnum in spring

At the end of March or beginning of April, last year's foliage is removed from under the bushes and the soil in the tree trunk is loosened. A little later, viburnum bushes are treated with fungicides against pathogens and pests that have overwintered in the upper layers of the soil or in cracks of trunks and branches. You can treat the plant with a seven percent urea solution - both as a top dressing and as a preventive measure against diseases and pests, but before spraying the viburnum, make sure that the buds on it are not yet opening, otherwise you can burn them.

Towards mid-May, viburnum is fed with potassium fertilizer, and after flowering, complex fertilizer is applied to the soil around the tree trunk.

Caring for viburnum in summer

After flowering, viburnum is fed with complex fertilizer if necessary. Regularly inspect the plant for harmful insects and promptly treat viburnum for diseases. At the beginning of June, you can treat the viburnum with an infusion of tobacco, or you can periodically spray the bushes with an infusion of potato tops, onion peels or garlic from June until harvest.

Otherwise, caring for viburnum in the summer consists of regular watering and loosening the soil in the tree trunk circle while simultaneously destroying emerging weeds.

Caring for viburnum in autumn

After the viburnum sheds its leaves, remove it along with the old mulch, carry out preventive treatment of the viburnum against pests and pathogens that have spent the winter in the bark and soil, add liquid fertilizer to the soil or mulch the tree trunk circles again with rotted organic matter.

When stable frosts occur, remove the clusters of berries from the bushes and place them in storage.

Viburnum processing

Viburnum, just like other garden trees and shrubs, can suffer from harmful insects and various kinds of diseases, so it is very advisable to protect it from them by preventive treatment in spring and autumn. Insecticides are used to kill insects, and fungicide sprays are effective against fungal diseases. Unfortunately, it will not be possible to cure viburnum from viral and bacterial diseases, but since their pathogens are most often carried by pests from the insect world, timely destruction of pests or their larvae will help avoid infection.

Watering viburnum

Growing viburnum is difficult without weekly watering, especially when it is hot and dry. Water consumption per watering is 3-4 buckets per fruit-bearing bush. A young shrub does not require much moisture, but the frequency of watering should remain constant. A rainy summer certainly makes adjustments, but you must remember that viburnum loves moisture, so do not leave it without water for a long time.

Fertilizing viburnum

Since you have to water viburnum often, it is advisable to apply fertilizer in dry form - scatter it around the tree trunk before watering. The first fertilizing is applied in the spring, when the leaves begin to bloom: 2 tablespoons of urea are scattered under each viburnum bush (this is if you did not spray the viburnum with urea on the dormant buds).

It is advisable to apply the second fertilizer, potash, before flowering: under each bush, scatter a half-liter jar of wood ash or 2 tablespoons of potassium sulfate.

Viburnum will need a third feeding after flowering: 2 tablespoons of Nitroammofoska are scattered under each bush.

The last feeding is only needed if you do not mulch the viburnum tree trunk with organic matter for the winter, and it consists of two buckets of a solution of the following composition: 2 tablespoons of potassium sulfate and 2 tablespoons of superphosphate, dissolved in 10 liters of water.

Pruning viburnum

When to prune viburnum

Like other garden trees and shrubs, it is better to prune viburnum in the spring, before the sap begins to flow. You can cut it in the fall, after the leaves fall, but since it is difficult to know for sure when the frosts will strike, it is better to carry out serious pruning (rejuvenating or formative) in the spring, and in the fall it is worth pruning the viburnum only for sanitary purposes.

Pruning viburnum in spring

In nature, viburnum grows as a tree or in the form of a bush, so it is formed as a bush or tree. In the spring, before the sap begins to flow, they carry out sanitary and then formative pruning of the viburnum: if you want the viburnum to grow as a tree, leave one vertical branch, cut the rest into a ring, and remove the buds in the lower part of the stem, where the trunk is planned. The trunk takes 2-3 years to grow, and when it reaches a height of 1.5-2 m, the growth point is pinched to stimulate branching. All this time you will have to remove root shoots, otherwise you will form a bush. Keep the trunk clean by removing any side shoots that form.

Whether you form a tree or allow the viburnum to grow as a bush, you need to prune the plant in any case, because with age its crown will thicken and grow, and it will become increasingly difficult for you to pick berries from it, and the quality of the fruit will begin to deteriorate over time, and the quantity will decrease. Remove competing branches and shoots, as well as those growing inside the bush or in the wrong direction. When the time comes to rejuvenate the bush, cut off a third of the old branches, and leave the most developed shoots from the basal shoots, which will eventually replace the old branches removed. The next year, replace another third of the old branches, and the third year, replace the last third.

Rejuvenating pruning of viburnum, formed like a tree, is carried out according to the same scheme as similar pruning of fruit trees.

Pruning viburnum in autumn

After the end of leaf fall, when the viburnum has fallen into a dormant state, it is sanitary pruned - broken, dry branches and shoots affected by disease or pests are removed. Sections thicker than 7 mm are treated with garden varnish. Choose a dry, warm day for this procedure.

Viburnum propagation

How to propagate viburnum

Viburnum is propagated by seeds and vegetatively - by cuttings, horizontal and vertical layering and root shoots. Seed propagation is difficult because the seeds germinate within two years. The simplest and least labor-intensive way to propagate viburnum is by vertical layering.

Propagation of viburnum by seeds

In order to speed up the germination of viburnum seeds, they need to be subjected to pre-sowing treatment. Freshly collected seeds are placed in nylon stockings with wet sawdust and stored at room temperature for two months, and when they begin to germinate, they are placed in the bottom drawer of the refrigerator for a month, after which they are sown to a depth of 3-4 cm in boxes and wait for germination. In the spring, after the return frosts have passed, the seedlings are planted in open ground, watered abundantly and shaded from direct sunlight for the first time.

Propagation of viburnum by vertical layering

In the fall, the lower branches of young plants on viburnum are shortened, leaving only 2-4 buds on them, and the stem is spud high. When in the spring the shoots from these buds grow 8-10 cm, they are spud up again to a height of 4-5 cm. When the shoots stretch to 20-30 cm, they are dug up, tied at the base with copper wire and again spud up to a third of the height. After a couple of weeks, another hilling is carried out. By autumn, the shoots are dug up, separated and transplanted to a permanent place.

Propagation of viburnum by cuttings

Green cuttings take root best, and although cutting viburnum is not an easy process, in some cases it is the only possible way to propagate viburnum. Viburnum cuttings are harvested during the flowering period - in June or early July, when they spring back when bent and do not break. For cuttings you need a middle part of the shoot 10-12 cm long, on which there will be 2-3 nodes. The lower cut should be oblique, the upper leaves should be shortened by half, and the lower ones should be removed.

Dust the lower sections of the cuttings with Kornevin or hold them for several 10-12 hours in a Heteroauxin solution, then plant the cuttings in a substrate consisting of equal parts of river sand and peat. The planting should be inclined, the cuttings are buried 1-2 cm into the substrate, maintaining a distance of 4-5 cm between specimens. After planting, the cuttings are covered with a transparent dome and kept at an air temperature of 27-30 ºC and a humidity of about 90%, moistening the cuttings 3-4 times a day with water from a spray bottle. After three weeks, the cuttings take root, and the dome begins to be removed for a while, accustoming the cuttings to a normal environment. When they get used to it, the cap is removed completely. The cuttings spend the winter indoors, and in the spring, after two weeks of hardening, they are planted in open ground according to the 50x15 pattern and grown. When the seedlings grow enough, they are transplanted to a permanent place.

Propagation of viburnum by horizontal layering

In the spring, a two- to three-year-old branch is cut off, leaving a part with 2-4 buds, and a year later, next spring, the regrown one-year-old shoot is shortened by one fifth, bent to the ground, placed in a groove 5-6 cm deep, secured with hooks, but not buried , but wait until shoots develop from the buds and reach a height of 10-15 cm, and only after that they fill the furrow with a mixture of peat and humus so that the tops of the branches remain on the surface. During the summer, growing shoots are hilled 2-3 times. In the fall, the branched viburnum branch is cut off from the mother bush, and the rooted shoots are separated from the layer and planted in a permanent place.

Reproduction of viburnum by basal shoots

This is a quick and easy solution to the problem of reproduction. At the end of spring or early summer, the basal shoots, which have reached a height of 20 cm, are hilled to a height of 7-8 cm, having previously pulled them over at the base with soft wire. During the summer, 2-3 hillings of the shoots are carried out, eventually bringing the height of the mound to 20 cm, and next spring they are separated from the bush and replanted.

Viburnum diseases

Viburnum in the garden can be subject to troubles in the form of diseases and harmful insects. Diseases and pests of viburnum are not very numerous, and it is not so difficult to cope with them, but it is still better to prevent the occurrence of a problem than to deal with it later. Among the diseases that affect viburnum more often than others:

Powdery mildew- a fungal disease, the symptoms of which look like a whitish coating on the leaves of the plant, with drops of liquid, which gradually turns brown. The infection rises from the bottom of the plant upward. In a diseased plant, the inflorescences do not form ovaries, and the viburnum does not bear fruit. The winter hardiness of the plant decreases. Decorative species are losing their attractiveness.

Control measures. A good effect is achieved by treating viburnum with a solution of 50 g of colloidal sulfur in 10 liters of water or with fungicides such as Skor, Topsin, Tiovit Jet, Topaz, Quadris, Bayleton and other preparations of similar action;

Frost Burn– this disease is not caused by infection, but by exposure to low temperatures. This causes the bark to crack, the wood to become exposed and die. On the side shoots of frostbitten branches, the leaves are pale, chlorotic, they turn brown and dry quickly. By mid-summer the entire bush may dry out.

Control measures. Severely damaged stems are cut out at the beginning of spring, and those that are slightly damaged are covered with liquid clay in places of damage;

Ascochyta spot of viburnum– angular or rounded gray spots with a purple or dark brown border appear on diseased leaves. At the site of the spots, the tissue dies, the fruiting bodies of the fungus form on it, it cracks and falls out.

Control measures. Fallen leaves affected by the disease are collected and burned in the fall. In the spring, at the beginning of sap flow, viburnum is treated with copper oxychloride or Bordeaux mixture.

Gray rot– in cold and rainy summers, large brown spots of unclear outlines appear on the leaves of the viburnum, which grow quickly, and the tissue in the middle dries and cracks. Berries affected by rot become brown, and the mycelium grows through them.

Control measures. In autumn, be sure to collect and burn fallen leaves and berries. To stop the spreading disease, treatment with Vectra is carried out.

Fruit rot– this disease causes the flowers, leaves, young shoots and fruits of viburnum to dry out. The first sign is small, dense, gray pads, which turn black and dry out as the disease progresses.

Control measures. Mummified berries must be removed from the plant and from under the bush. When the first signs of disease are detected, viburnum is treated with Bordeaux mixture or copper oxychloride.

Viburnum Pests

Viburnum also has a lot of pests, and you need to know as much as possible about them, because they can cause serious trouble for viburnum. The most dangerous pests of viburnum are:

Viburnum leaf beetle- a light brown bug up to 6 mm long, the larvae of which, emerging from the ground in early May, eat viburnum leaves, leaving only veins. If there are many larvae and they do not have enough leaves, they attack young shoots. Viburnum fruits also suffer from leaf beetles. Female beetles lay eggs at the tops of shoots, gnawing holes in them for this purpose. The activity of the leaf beetle leads to a decrease in the winter hardiness of viburnum and loss of yield.

Control measures. If you find egg-laying on the tops of the shoots, cut off this part of the shoot and treat the bushes with Karbofos or Fufanon;

Black leafroll aphid– any aphid is a harmful insect, a carrier of incurable diseases, so it should not be allowed to appear in the garden. Aphids suck the juice from the leaves and curl them. The leaves turn brown, become deformed, dry out, and the shoots stop developing.

Control measures. When aphids appear, treat viburnum with Fufanon or Karbofos, cut off and burn aphid colonies at the ends of the shoots;

Viburnum leaf roller– this dark gray or olive caterpillar eats the buds, then the leaves, having first entangled them in a web and crumpled them up. With mass reproduction, the leaf roller can greatly affect the amount of harvest.

Control measures. Collect and burn caterpillar nests. Before the buds open, treat the viburnum with Nitrafen, dissolving 250 g of the drug paste in 10 liters of water, and between the beginning of the buds and the appearance of the bud, spray the plant with a ten percent solution of Karbofos;

Viburnum and honeysuckle gall midges– the larvae of these pests overwinter in the soil layer. Adults emerge when buds form on the viburnum and lay eggs in them. The larvae feed on the buds, causing them to become ugly, swollen, red and not open.

Control measures. In early spring and late autumn, loosen the soil in the tree trunk circles, and before flowering, treat the viburnum with a ten percent Karbofos solution;

Green lobed moth– damages not only viburnum, but also plants such as buckthorn and lilac. This is a yellow-green caterpillar that chews out flower ovaries.

Control measures. You need to fight it in the same way as with gall midges.

Types and varieties of viburnum

As we wrote at the beginning of the article, there are many types of viburnum. Among them there are those that are grown in culture, and there are species that grow only in the wild. We offer you an introduction to some of the most sought-after species.

Viburnum opulus (Viburnum opulus)

or Red viburnum - a plant that has long been firmly established in culture as a fruit and ornamental plant. This is a shrub up to 4 m high, the stems of which are covered with fissured brown bark. The leaves of the plant are large, lobed, light green in spring, bright green in summer and reddish in autumn. Corymbose inflorescences up to 10 cm in diameter consist of small white flowers. The fruits of Viburnum viburnum are red juicy edible drupes, round or elliptical in shape, with a large flat stone and red juice.

Red viburnum has several decorative forms: nanum (dwarf plants up to 1 m high), roseum (better known as Boule de neige), compactum (plants 1 to 2 m high), aureum (shrub with bright yellow flowers in spring leaves that turn light green by summer), variegata (a bush up to 4.5 m high with marble-white leaves) and xanthocarpum (a low bush with yellow leaves and orange fruits).

Of the fruit varieties of Viburnum, the following have proven themselves well:

• Garnet bracelet– a productive, late-ripening variety, resistant to aphids, with dark burgundy oval berries with a dense shell, weighing up to 1 g, with a pleasant, slightly bitter taste. The bush is spreading, medium-height;
• Shukshinskaya- named after the writer, director, actor Vasily Shukshin, a productive variety of medium ripening with bright red spherical fruits of good taste, weighing up to half a gram;
• Maria– a disease-resistant variety with compact clusters of round, light red berries, sweet and sour fruits with slight astringency. The bush is vigorous, the leaves turn gold and crimson in autumn;
• Taiga rubies– a very productive variety of medium ripening, unstable to leaf-eating pests, with dark red round fruits of a sweet and sour taste with a slight bitterness. The autumn foliage of plants of this variety is purple;
• Zholobovskaya– a variety of universal use with a compact bush and slightly elongated fruits with juicy, slightly bitter, almost sweet pulp. The leaves turn burgundy in autumn;
• Elixir– a slightly spreading bush up to 3 m high with bright burgundy round fruits weighing up to 1 g with a sweet and sour taste and moderate bitterness. The variety is productive, resistant to aphids;
• Vigorovskaya– a bush up to 3 m high, the fruits are bright red, spherical, weighing up to half a gram. The taste of the fruit is bitter-sour. The variety is productive;

Such fruit varieties of viburnum as Ulgen, Uralskaya sweet, Souzga, Ryabinushka, Sunset, Zarnitsa, Red Bunch and others are also popular among gardeners.

Viburnum rhytidophyllum (Viburnum rhytidophyllum)

grows wild in Western and Central China. In cultivation, it is widely used in gardens and parks in the middle zone due to its high frost resistance. In addition, this plant is evergreen with original foliage. Viburnum reaches a height of 3 m, it has straight, densely felted shoots, thick, bare, shiny wrinkled leaves, netted and fleecy on the underside of the plate. The leaves are about 20 cm long. Yellowish-gray flowers are collected in apical corymbose inflorescences up to 20 cm in diameter. The fruits are small - up to 8 mm in diameter, ovoid, shiny, at first red, and as they ripen they become black. This type of viburnum is shade-tolerant, unpretentious to the soil, winter-hardy and drought-resistant. Looks great in small groups and in single plantings. The most famous variety of this species is Superb.

Viburnum laurel (Viburnum tinus)

or viburnum evergreen naturally distributed in the Mediterranean. This is an evergreen shrub up to 3 m high with bare or patchy pubescent young shoots and brown annual growths. The leaves of this species attract attention: elliptical in shape, leathery, entire, bright green and shiny on the upper side, and lighter on the lower side and pubescent along the veins. White-pink fragrant flowers are collected in umbrella-shaped panicles with a diameter of up to 10 cm. The fruits are spherical, dryish, ovoid, blue-black. The species is heat-loving and drought-resistant, loves good lighting, is undemanding to the soil, and can withstand temperatures down to -15 ºC in winter. In ornamental gardening it is used for hedges and as solo plants. It has several decorative forms: shiny, purple, upright and variegated.

Viburnum lantana (Viburnum lantana)

- one of the most famous cultivated species of viburnum, which grows in the wild in Central and Southern Europe, North Africa, the North Caucasus and Asia Minor and is a light-loving mesophyte. This species is not at all similar to the common viburnum. Viburnum gourdovina is a bush up to 5 m high with a dense, dense compact crown. Its leaves and shoots are densely covered with star-shaped white hairs. Beautiful wrinkled leaves up to 18 cm long are dense to the touch, wide, dark green on top and grayish-felt underneath. The corymbose inflorescences consist of small white-cream flowers up to 1.5 cm in diameter. The fruits of this species are red drupes, darkening as they ripen until they turn into completely black berries. Viburnum gourdovina is one of the most beautiful ornamental shrubs, while it is undemanding to the soil, frost-resistant, shade-tolerant, drought-resistant, does not suffer from urban pollution, and decorates the garden with red-pink leaves and black shiny berries until winter. The species has decorative forms, variegated and wrinkled. The most famous of the varieties is Aureum - viburnum with oval leaves of golden color on the upper side and silver-felt leaves on the bottom.

In addition to those described, the following types of viburnum are also known: David, forked, Buryat or black, serrated. Canadian, Carlsa, Mongolian, useful, recognized, Wright, Sargent, folded, plum-leaved, edible, three-lobed, bristly and others.

Properties of viburnum

Useful properties of viburnum

The taste of viburnum berries does not attract everyone, but their usefulness and even healing properties are so great that for the sake of this it is worth neglecting the taste of the fruit. As a healing agent, viburnum can compete with berries such as currants, raspberries, blueberries, blueberries and elderberries. Viburnum pulp contains a large amount of vitamins C and P, organic acids, carotene, pectins and tannins.

Viburnum berries have a diuretic effect, so it is indicated for edema resulting from diseases of the urinary tract, kidneys and heart. The astringent and antiseptic substances contained in the fruits promote the healing of wounds and ulcers of the gastrointestinal tract. Viburnum berries are recommended to be consumed during the period when the patient is recovering from an illness - they help strengthen the immune system. In general, viburnum is successfully used:

• for kidney and liver diseases;
• for the treatment of tuberculosis;
• for problems with the gastrointestinal tract (colitis, gastritis, ulcers);
• with internal bleeding;
• for sclerosis and atherosclerosis;
• with diathesis;
• with cough and vascular spasms;
• for seizures and nervous disorders;
• as a sedative and antispasmodic.

Fresh and dried viburnum berries, infusion and decoction of them, berries boiled with honey, and juice from viburnum berries are used as a medicinal product. For example, viburnum berries boiled in honey are good for relieving coughs and treating diseases of the upper respiratory tract, as well as edema of cardiac origin.

Viburnum berries are also used as a cosmetic product to make nourishing and cleansing face masks. An infusion or decoction of viburnum berries is used to treat carbuncles, boils and eczema.

But not only viburnum berries have healing properties, but also its leaves, flowers and bark. An infusion of viburnum flowers treats gastritis with low acidity and relieves pain during menstruation. A decoction of flowers is good for gargling with sore throat and shrunken ligaments; it increases appetite, stops bleeding and increases sweating. A decoction of young shoots and buds of viburnum is used for diathesis, advanced scrofula, and also as an antipyretic and anti-inflammatory agent.

In industry, viburnum is used to make jams, preserves, mousses and drinks, as well as shampoos, tinctures, tonics, creams and facial cosmetics.

Viburnum - contraindications

No matter how useful viburnum is, its use is not recommended for everyone. Since its juice contains an analogue of female hormones, viburnum berries should not be consumed during pregnancy, as this can cause the development of pathologies in the fetus and even provoke premature birth. At best, viburnum can cause an allergic reaction in pregnant women.

Viburnum is contraindicated for chronic kidney patients, as well as those suffering from high acidity of gastric juice.

Patients with thrombophlebitis, leukemia or other blood diseases should not eat viburnum. Viburnum is harmful to those suffering from gout, arthritis and urolithiasis.

After this article they usually read

Family: honeysuckle (Caprifoliaceae).

Motherland

In nature, viburnum is distributed in the temperate and subtropical zones of the Northern Hemisphere, in Europe, Asia, North America, and North Africa. The genus contains about 150 species.

Form: deciduous (less often evergreen) shrub or tree.

Description

Viburnum is a perennial shrub or small tree up to 4 m high. The leaves of viburnum are usually opposite, less often whorled, simple, with stipules, entire, lobed or serrated. Viburnum flowers are white, creamy white or pinkish, collected in racemes. Viburnum fruits are red or blue-black, depending on the type. Most types of viburnum bloom in late May - early June; long-lasting flowering. The root system of viburnum is fibrous. Viburnum is an excellent honey plant. Plants are decorative with their flowers, leaves and fruits.

Viburnum common , or Red viburnum (V. opulus). A large, wide, vertically growing shrub or tree up to 4-5 m tall and wide, often forming thickets. The bark of the red viburnum is gray-brown, with cracks. The leaves of the plants are large, broadly ovate, three- or five-lobed, light green in spring, dark green in summer, reddish in autumn. Red viburnum flowers are large and white. The fruits of the species are red, shiny, round or elliptical, edible, look impressive against the background of foliage, and stay on the plant for a long time. The growth rate of red viburnum is medium or high. The root system of plants is superficial, wide, and not sensitive to flooding or compaction. Red viburnum suffers from high temperatures and drought.

Viburnum black , or viburnum gordovina, or pride (V. lantana). Dense powerful bush up to 5 m tall with a dense, wide, compact crown. All parts of the black viburnum are covered with small white hairs. The leaves of the pride are wrinkled, ovate-oval, dense, wide, dark green above, bluish below. The flowers are creamy white. The fruits of black viburnum are shiny, edible, initially red, later turning black. The pride is simultaneously decorated with both red and black fruits; the fruits turn completely black in September. In nature, black viburnum is found in Central and Southern Europe, Asia Minor, North Africa, and the North Caucasus.

Viburnum canadian (V. lentago) - a tall shrub or small tree up to 6 m tall with an ovoid crown. The leaves of Canadian viburnum are broadly oval, pointed, smooth, shiny, finely toothed along the edges, bright green in summer, all shades of red in autumn. The flowers are small, creamy white. The fruits of Canadian viburnum are initially green, later bluish-black, with a bluish bloom, and are edible. Canadian viburnum differs in that it reacts poorly to waterlogged soils. In nature, the plants are found in Canada and the USA.

Viburnum bureinskaya , or viburnum buryat (V. burejaeticum). Strongly branching shrub up to 3 m tall with a spreading openwork crown. The leaves of the Buryat viburnum are elliptical or ovate, pointed, sharp-toothed along the edges, dark green above, slightly pubescent, lighter below. The flowers of Buryat viburnum are yellowish-white, the fruits are black and edible. Buryat viburnum is light-loving and demanding on soil fertility. In nature, plants are found in the south of Primorsky and Khabarovsk Territories, Northeast China, and North Korea.

(V. Sargentii). Spreading multi-branched shrub up to 4 m tall. The leaves of Sargent's viburnum are located on long petioles and have a deep central vein. The flowers are larger. The fruits of the plants are bright red and ripen in early October. Viburnum Sargent is undemanding to soil conditions. In nature, plants are found in Eastern Siberia, the Far East, Sakhalin, Korea, Northern China, and Japan.

Kalina Raita (V. wrightii). A straight-trunked, densely branched shrub up to 2.5 m tall with smooth, gray-brown bark. The leaves of Wright's viburnum are obovate, jagged along the edge, pubescent, green above, paler below. The flowers are white, the fruits are bright red, round. In nature, Wright's viburnum grows on Sakhalin, the Kuril Islands, Japan and Korea.

Viburnum folded (V. plicatum, tomentosum). Shrub up to 3 m high. The leaves of folded viburnum are broadly oval, herbaceous green, with numerous veins, and look velvety. The inflorescences on each branch arise from two lateral opposite buds (each with one inflorescence and two leaves), so the creamy white inflorescences are arranged in layers, alternating with velvety, lush green leaves, which creates a stunning effect. The homeland of folded viburnum is Japan and China.

Viburnum triloba (V. trilobum). Shrub up to 4-5 m tall with an openwork crown. The leaves of the three-lobed viburnum are lighter than those of the common viburnum; turn purple in autumn. The fruits of the plants are bright scarlet, edible, and taste like red currants. Three-lobed viburnum is very resistant to diseases and pests. In nature, the plant is found in North America.

Viburnum edible (V. edule). Shrub up to 1.5 m tall. In nature, edible viburnum grows in the mountain forests of North America.

Non-winter-resistant types of viburnum

Viburnum evergreen , or viburnum laurel (V. tinus). Evergreen, densely branched shrub up to 3 m tall. The leaves of evergreen viburnum are very decorative - leathery, elliptical, entire, shiny on top, bright green, pubescent below, lighter. The flowers of laurel viburnum are pinkish, fragrant, and bloom early. The fruits of evergreen viburnum are spherical or ovoid, blue-black. Plants are drought-resistant, undemanding to soil conditions, and trim well. In nature, evergreen viburnum is common in the Mediterranean.

Kalina David (V. davidii). Slow-growing dwarf evergreen shrub up to 1 m tall with a compact crown and horizontally growing shoots. The leaves of Viburnum David are evergreen, elliptical, leathery, dark green, with deep veins. The flowers of the plants are pinkish. The unusual blue fruits of David's viburnum ripen in October. Plants often suffer from sunburn. The birthplace of David's viburnum is Western China.

They also do not winter in central Russia Viburnum Carls (V. carlesii), Viburnum rugosafolia (V. rhytidophyllum), fragrant viburnum (V. odoratissimum), fragrant viburnum (V. farreri), Japanese viburnum (V. japonicum) and many hybrid viburnums (V. x burkwoodii, V. x bodnantense, V. x caricephalum).

Growing conditions

Most types of viburnum are shade-tolerant, but develop better in illuminated areas. Due to their dense root system, viburnums are suitable for planting to prevent soil erosion. Viburnums are moisture-loving and can withstand excess moisture, so they are planted in areas with close proximity or in places where water accumulates. Viburnums grow on different soils, as a rule, they prefer or, but there are exceptions, for example, red viburnum, or common viburnum, which grows even on soils. Viburnum is highly frost-resistant (with the exception of some species listed above).

Plants prefer deep, fertile substrates, from to. Common viburnum grows throughout Europe, except for the Far North, Western Siberia, Central Asia, North Africa and Asia Minor.

Application

Viburnum is a highly decorative plant that will look great in a summer cottage. Viburnum is planted in group and mixed plantings, or used as a plant, excellent for. Low-growing varieties can be planted in. Viburnum is a shrub that looks impressive with other deciduous and coniferous trees:, . Viburnum will decorate the garden in winter with bright red clusters of berries.

Care

Viburnum is a moisture-loving plant that needs abundant watering. Fertilizers are applied twice a year - before the beginning of the growing season and before leaf fall. After loosening the viburnum. Caring for viburnum also involves rejuvenation, in which old plant branches are removed (at a distance of 15-20 cm from the surface of the earth). Pruning is carried out in early winter or early spring before the buds open.

You will learn how to grow viburnum from the corresponding one.

Reproduction

Viburnum can be propagated by seeds () and vegetatively (green,). Low-lying branches of viburnum often produce layering. Viburnum is planted in spring in April or autumn in October. The distance between plants is 1.5-2 m.

Viburnum seeds and viburnum seedlings can be bought at.

Diseases and pests

Viburnum is often affected by the viburnum bark beetle (leaf beetle), the larvae of which eat away the leaf blades, leaving only the veins. The black viburnum aphid is also dangerous - it sucks out the cell sap from young shoots, after which they become deformed and slow down in growth. Possible diseases of viburnum are spotting and powdery mildew.

Popular varieties

Varieties of red viburnum or common viburnum

Varieties of black viburnum, or pride

'Aureum'. Fast-growing shrub up to 3 m tall. The leaves are oval, golden above, pubescent below, silvery.

‘Aureo-variegatum’. This variety of viburnum is distinguished by unusual decorative leaves - with yellow strokes and spots.

Sargent viburnum varieties

'Sterile'- has only sterile flowers.

'Flavum'- variety with yellow fruits.

Variety of folded viburnum 'Pink Beauty'. Viburnum 'Pink Beauty' blooms long and profusely. The flowers are initially white, later becoming light pink.

Viburnum is not just a tree, but a real legend of Rus' and all Slavs. Having planted it near his window, the owner will enjoy the white color in the spring, the filling berries in the summer and the healthy harvest in the fall. Of course, a conscientious gardener will not limit his description to this. The rules of planting and caring for a tree are important to him. Planting common viburnum is not so easy. But all efforts will be justified and rewarded.

History and description of the tree

Viburnum is a tree with which many legends and fairy tales are associated. Our ancestors decorated wedding feasts with viburnum, ensuring happiness and continuation of the family for the young family. On weekdays, bunches of viburnum were laid out in the house, protecting it from evil spirits, damage and curses. The berries of this plant were depicted on towels, women's clothing and even on the shutters of houses. The culture is especially popular among residents of the southern regions.

Today there are at least 150 species of this tree. They all have their own characteristics. "Snow Globe" or "Boule de neige" boasts beautiful round inflorescences, "Compactum" has a dense crown, and "Xanthocarpum" has yellow berries. But the most common tree is the common viburnum, familiar to us since childhood.

Kalina Buldenezh

Viburnum is a small ornamental tree. Some even consider it a bush. Its trunk is thin and branched. The leaves are large, the inflorescences are white, sometimes they can have a slight pinkish tint. Viburnum begins to bloom in mid-May and flowering continues for a month and a half. The fruits of viburnum are blood-red in color with a small seed inside. They ripen by autumn, and can hang on the tree until winter. A light frost will even improve their taste and beneficial properties.

Reproduction and rooting

Viburnum can be propagated in different ways: by cuttings or seeds. The second method is very long and can take more than 2 years. Vegetative propagation can be carried out in several ways: by root shoots, vertical or horizontal layering. Vertical layering is the simplest method that does not require much work.

1. Seeds. They are placed in damp sawdust, tightly compacted into nylon stockings. So they are stored for 2 months at room temperature until they begin to germinate. The sprouted seeds are placed on the bottom shelf of the refrigerator for another month. After 30 days, the seeds are sown in a small box filled with soil. If the sprouts have gained strength over the winter and look healthy, they are planted in the garden in the spring, watered abundantly. If they are still weak, they should be left in the box for another year. But in the summer, take the box out into the sun.
2. Cuttings. Cuttings for planting are prepared while the tree is flowering. They should be springy, but not brittle. The cuttings are cut green - 10-12 cm with 2-3 nodes. In winter they are kept under a dome or in a greenhouse in special soil. And in the spring they are planted in the garden.
3. Vertical layers. In autumn, the lower branches of a young plant are shortened, leaving 2-4 buds. The trunk is hilled, covering these buds with soil. By spring, they will give rise to shoots, which are again covered with soil until they reach 30 cm. After this, they are dug up, trimmed and covered again with soil. In autumn, the shoots are separated from the tree and planted independently.
4. Horizontal layers. A two-year-old branch is cut off, leaving a shoot with 2-3 buds. When it sprouts in the spring, it is again shortened by 1/5, bent to the ground and lowered into the prepared hole. Leave it this way until shoots appear. By autumn, the mother branch is removed, the shoots are separated and planted separately.

Features of planting and care

• The soil. Viburnum is unpretentious to soil conditions, although it feels better in slightly acidic or neutral soil. Viburnum will also grow in poor soil, but it will bear little fruit. Even close groundwater is suitable for it, because this tree loves moisture.

Advice. If the garden has a small pond or river at the end of the plot, then the shore of the reservoir will be the best place for viburnum.

• Landing. In warm regions, viburnum can be planted in the fall. But it’s better to do it in the spring. A hole is dug 50x50 cm. The dug soil is mixed with peat, compost, potash, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers. Immerse the seedling 3-5 cm.

Advice. Viburnum loves a lot of sunlight. Therefore, the tree must be planted in a suitable place.

• Watering. Since viburnum loves moisture very much, this plant will have to be watered often. In order for moisture to linger longer near the root, the trunk must be mulched with sawdust or compost.
• Fertilizer. In order for viburnum to bloom and bear fruit luxuriantly, it must be enriched twice a year with complex fertilizers. And in August you need to add phosphorus and potassium.

Young viburnum

Proper pruning of viburnum

Viburnum grows very quickly. In a year it can rise by 50 cm. And old branches often dry out and spoil the appearance of the tree. Therefore, viburnum needs to be rejuvenated annually. There are several rules for this:

• Old, diseased, damaged and weak branches are removed from the viburnum.
• Branches that are 6-8 years old are considered old.
• You need to cut off not only old branches, but also thin out the crown so that the tree bears fruit better.
• In the spring, an old tree can be cut down completely “under the stump”, then it will produce high-quality young shoots.

You need to decide whether it will be a bush or a tree in the first year. And depending on this, the crown is formed.

Disease and pest control

There are not many diseases and pests that can affect viburnum. However, every gardener needs to be prepared for them.

Viburnum fruits

1. Powdery mildew is a fungus that appears as a powdery coating on the leaves. This makes them brown. Because of this disease, viburnum ceases to bear fruit. Powdery mildew is controlled using a solution of potassium sulfur and various fungicides.
2. Frost burn is a consequence of low temperatures and manifests itself in cracked bark and “bare” wood. These “wounds” are watered with liquid clay in the spring. If the branch is severely affected, it is removed.
3. Ascochyta spotting of viburnum appears as gray spots with a brown border on the leaves. Fungus grows in these spots. Therefore, in the fall, the affected leaves are burned. And in the spring, a diseased tree is treated with Bordeaux mixture and copper oxychloride.
4. The viburnum leaf roller is an olive-colored caterpillar. She eats the buds and leaves of the tree. Before this, the insect wraps them in a web and rolls them into a tube. If the leaf roller is not dealt with, it will seriously damage the tree. Therefore, caterpillar nests must be removed and burned. The wood is also treated with Nitrafen.

Viburnum is also threatened by gray and fruit rot, leaf beetle, leaf-roll aphid, honeysuckle gall midge and lobed moth.

In addition to the beauty of the tree itself, viburnum gives the gardener a rich harvest of healthy berries. This is a real treasure trove for traditional medicine recipes. They will cope with colds, sore throats, diseases of the heart, blood vessels and skin, overwork and many other problems. Therefore, viburnum is a must have for every personal plot.

Viburnum red: video

Growing viburnum: photo

ORDINARY VIBERLIN AND DECORATIVE

"Common viburnum"
PHOTO: www.site
PHOTO: Pryanikova O.V.

"Viburnum viburnum in autumn"
PHOTO: www.site
PHOTO: Pryanikova O.V.

KALINA- such a common Ornamental Shrub that it is found in almost every garden. But more often it is Viburnum Viburnum. Decorative forms of Viburnum with beautiful flowers or leaves are much less common. Therefore, we will tell you about them. Almost all types of Viburnum are shade-tolerant and prefer moisture-intensive fertile soil. They can grow in one place for decades. The leaves are green palmate. The flowers in umbrella-shaped inflorescences are small, often white, sometimes pink. Flowers are of 2 types: sterile, serving only to attract pollinators - have a large perianth, and fruiting ones - small, inconspicuous, in the center. The berries are edible red or black depending on the type.

The variety of Viburnum is so great that you can choose Viburnum for every taste, as an ornamental flowering plant, as an ornamental foliage plant, or as a fruit plant. The decorative effect of almost all types is preserved from early spring to late autumn and even in winter. Unfortunately, many species rarely appear on sale, although they are very impressive and unpretentious.

You can learn how to properly prune Ornamental and Fruit Shrubs so that they bloom and bear fruit better

We have long appreciated the common Viburnum as an unpretentious, very resistant shrub. It blooms wonderfully in spring, very beautiful with crimson foliage and an abundance of beautiful berries in red clusters in autumn. Birds love berries, they are also very useful for people.

The most popular types of Viburnum:

"Common viburnum"
PHOTO: www.yaragromir.ru

1. VIBRANTIA, OR RED, AND ITS VARIETIES AND DECORATIVE FORMS:

"Viburnum viburnum Belle de neige"
PHOTO: www.solnsad.ru

Decorative shrub up to 3 - 4 m with large umbrella-shaped inflorescences consisting of flowers of 2 types: sterile, but similar to white butterflies at the edges and fruiting in the center.

One of the most popular and beautifully flowering varieties is the Common Viburnum variety - "Boule des Neiges" or its other name "Roseum" up to 2 m tall, the inflorescences of which consist only of sterile flowers and therefore have a completely round shape and look like a snowball. When in bloom, the inflorescence is greenish in color, then becomes completely white. This variety does not produce berries. Other varieties and forms of this species are no less decorative: there are varieties with yellow leaves "Aureum" or reddish or variegated leaves "Variegata", with yellow berries and yellow leaves variety "Xanthocarpum" and others. Tall and dwarfs, for example, dwarf forms of Viburnum viburnum "Compactum" and "Nanum". All are winter-hardy and frost-resistant.

 

"Viburnum viburnum Belle de neige" Photo: www.kolyma.ru

"Viburnum cultivar "Aurea" Photo: www.flower-onego PHOTO: Prikhodko M.

"Viburnum vulgaris variety "Xanthocarpum" Photo: www.flower-onego PHOTO: Elena Kharitonova

2. Viburnum Gordovina OR Lantana:

A very popular type of Viburnum with elongated spindle-shaped fruits, which, as they ripen, bloom from red to black, and since they ripen at different times, one bush can have all shades of red to black with transitions. It is also often called Black Viburnum because of the black color of the berries, but in fact Black Viburnum is Bureinskaya (see below). Quite a tall bush up to 5 m. The leaves differ in shape from the usual ones - they are elongated ovate and pointed. The umbrella-shaped inflorescences consist only of fertile tubular flowers of cream color. Winter hardiness is complete.

 

"Viburnum variegata" PHOTO: www.vladgarden.ru

PHOTO: www.polza-p.narod.ru

"Kalina Gordovina "Variegata" PHOTO: www.hootowlhollow.com

3. BLACK VIBERLIN, OR BUREYINSKAYA, OR BURYATSKAYA:

Slightly less decorative shrub with a wide crown, quite tall up to 3 m in height. The inflorescences are not as beautiful as those of the previous species, because... consist only of fertile flowers. Decorative during fruiting in autumn. The fruits are first red, then black when ripe, glossy, elongated in shape. The fruits are edible, sweetish, mealy.

4. KALINA SARGENT:

Bush with a wider spreading crown. Sterile flowers are quite large, up to 3 cm in d; fertile flowers have purple or yellow anthers, which greatly decorates the inflorescences during flowering of this species. The fruits ripen in autumn and are bright red.

Winter hardiness is average, unripe shoots freeze. Can grow in sun or partial shade. Any garden soil will do.
 

"Viburnum variegata" PHOTO: www.vladgarden.ru

"Viburnum viburnum "Aureum" PHOTO: www.giardini.biz

"Kalina Gordovina" PHOTO: www.liveinternet.ru

5. VILBARIA FORKED:

More similar to Viburnum Ordinary. The difference is the foliage in bloom - reddish-brown. Flowers in inflorescences are white of 2 types, berries are red. Good in autumn with red foliage. Winter hardiness is average; unripe annual branches freeze slightly.

6. KLINA TOOTHED:

Height up to 3 m. Distinguished by serrated leaves and almost purple fruits. White flowers of 2 types. Frost resistance is average, growths may freeze slightly.

7. KLINA MONGOLSKAYA:

The bush is low, reaches 1.5 m. Corymbose inflorescences consist of white flowers. Winter hardiness is complete.

8. KALINA RAITA:

A very small bush up to 0.5 - 0.8 m. Corymbose inflorescences consist of white flowers. Winter hardiness is average.

 

"Common viburnum" Photo: www.site PHOTO: Pryanikova O.V.

"Viburnum Sargent" Photo: www.flower-onego PHOTO:EDSR

"Kalina Gordovina" Photo: www.flower-onego PHOTO: EDSR

9. Viburnum viburnum:

Height 2 m. Flowers pure white. Winter hardiness is complete.

10. Three-bladed viburnum:

A shrub with light green leaves, white flowers and red fruits. The fruits are large and taste like red currants. Unlike all other species, it suffers from almost nothing. Very productive.

 

"Kalina bureinskaya" Photo: www.flower-onego PHOTO: Kirill Kravchenko

"Canadian viburnum" Photo: www.flower-onego PHOTO:EDSR

"Viburnum "Boule de neige 2nd year" Photo: www.site PHOTO: Pryanikova O.V.

Growing Viburnum - planting and care:

Location:

Sunny or partial shade. Decorative foliage forms with different foliage colors are best planted in a sunny place.

The soil:

Fertile, moisture-intensive loams with neutral acidity.

Trimming:

Sanitary in the spring. Periodically cut out branches growing inside the crown. Once every 5 years, anti-aging pruning is carried out, cutting out branches older than 5 years at a level no higher than 20 cm from the ground. To create a standard form, they grow into one trunk for 3 years, cut off the rest, then begin to form side branches in the upper part, which should be spaced apart from each other at early distances so that the plant does not break during flowering or getting wet from rain.

To learn how to properly prune Trees and Shrubs, it is best to watch a video course

Reproduction:

Vegetative completely lignified cuttings are better than 2-3 years of age, layering, seeds. Seed propagation only after seed stratification for 6 months. Decorative forms are propagated only vegetatively. Green cuttings are also suitable.

Care:

Pests: the most common is the viburnum bark beetle, also known as the leaf beetle, which eats all the leaves, leaving only the veins. They are treated with special preparations against leaf-eating insects. Very often it is affected by aphids, which can destroy the entire crop and young growths. Treated with aphids.

Every year they are fed with complete mineral fertilizer in the spring and mulched with organic matter in the winter. sanitary pruning as needed. You can also trim it to give the bush more interesting shapes. In hot weather, be sure to water.

Usage:

Solitaire planting in the background. Decorative forms also look great in the foreground. The berries are edible; after freezing, the bitterness is lost. Often used in tinctures. There are also sweet varieties without strong bitterness.

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