How to start a cold forging business. Your own business in the niche of artistic forging

The constant technological progress inherent in modern times is gradually replacing handicraft (manual) production and crafts that have come down to us from our ancestors from our lives.

But cold forging can undoubtedly be attributed to crafts that not only keep the competition, but are also gaining more and more popularity.

Forging elements are actively used:

• in the construction and design of country houses, residential premises and offices,
• in the production of furniture products,
• in the funeral business.

It is very difficult to imagine the exterior of a modern building without beautiful wrought iron bars, gates and gazebos. Due to this cold forging products are in high demand and relevant. This is one of the main factors that beginner businessmen pay attention to.

Forging combines art and ancient craft, thanks to which the cost of production is estimated not by the cost of the material, but by the complexity and beauty of the structure being created.

Thus, the sale of finished products or the provision of cold metal processing services for the population is a very profitable and promising line of business for beginners.

Features of the organization of production

Forging is usually associated with traditional blacksmithing, where metal is manipulated after it has been heated. Such forging requires special training and a certain level of skill from the blacksmith, which is honed over the years.

The process of "hot" forging is very labor-intensive and time-consuming: the metal is heated in special forges to the point where it becomes "soft" and with the help of hammers, presses and other devices it is given the desired shape, after which the part is cooled.

Today, cold forging technology has gained popularity..

Craftsmen process the metal using special equipment, so the process takes less time, and finished products are much cheaper for customers.

It is much easier to master this technology, which is attractive for beginner entrepreneurs.. However, according to professionals, the cold forging business has its own specifics, which should be taken into account when organizing a business.

Market analysis and competition

Before starting any business, it is necessary to analyze the sales market, determine consumer preferences and identify the level of competition. However, cold forged products do not belong to the category of essential goods, which complicates the solution of these tasks.

In the process of determining the need for forged products the following points need to be clarified:

• The number of workshops and forges that are already operating in your area.
• What is the demand for forged products and in what volume?
• Where can products be sold?
• Determination of business seasonality.
• The product of what price category will satisfy the needs of users.

After the answers are received, the entrepreneurs will be able to make a final decision: is it worth doing a cold forging business in your area?

Technology mastering

It is difficult to organize a cold forging workshop without special knowledge and skills.

It will be a great temptation for an entrepreneur to hire an experienced specialist, however, this is not recommended at the initial stage of the business, as he will need to pay a large salary and you will be very dependent on him.

Therefore, before starting a business, a businessman will need to undergo training himself. Theoretical knowledge can be obtained even through the Internet: there is a lot of information on the Internet on the technologies of artistic and cold forging.

However, in order to learn how to cold work metal, practice is needed:

• You can get a job as a production worker or become an apprentice to one of your competitors.
• An experienced specialist should be hired only if there is no other choice. But in this case too, be sure to agree with the master that he will teach you his craft.

After the entrepreneur has gone through the learning process, he needs to draw up a detailed business plan to implement your idea. In this case, it is imperative to use the information obtained in the process of market analysis and training.

The success of a business will depend on how well the business plan is drawn up and how accurately it will be implemented.

It is worth noting that in some regions of Russia there are programs for state subsidies for small businesses, and the idea is financed on the basis of a business plan.

What is required at the start?

Practical steps for organizing any business must begin with state registration. The procedure is described step by step in the law “On State Registration of Legal Entities and Private Entrepreneurs”. In accordance with the law, a person engaged in entrepreneurial activities and receiving a steady income must be registered as an individual entrepreneur or LLC.

Room selection

The room must first of all comply with all fire safety requirements. The minimum area of ​​the workshop should be 20 square meters. m. In addition, it is necessary to conduct electricity.

An insulated garage can be an ideal place for a workshop. It is worth taking care that the noise of production does not disturb the inhabitants of nearby residential buildings.

The cold forging process involves welding, which cannot be carried out in a small enclosed space. In addition, you will need a place to store finished products. For these purposes at the workshop it is necessary to organize a canopy.

The entrepreneur must ensure that the premises had a wide access road for trucks. Otherwise, the process of unloading raw materials and loading finished products will become more difficult.

Workshop equipment and tools

It is impossible to imagine a cold forging workshop without special equipment and tools. One of the main items of expenditure is investment in fixed assets.

At the initial stage, for manual cold forging, you need:

• Welding machine.
• Gnutik used to bend metal. It is the main tool for cold forging.
• Wave. Serves to give the metal a wave-like shape.
• Snail. It will help to give a spiral shape to metal rods.
• Twister. Used to twist a metal rod around an axis.
• "Flashlight", which is one of the varieties of twister.
• Crafting table, with the presence of a vice.
• Bulgarian.
• grinder for cleaning the surface of metal structures.
• Perforator, which may be needed when installing finished products.

At the initial stage, this equipment will be enough in the workshop.

The most well-known brands on the market that produce high-quality equipment are the German Eizenkraft and Metalkraft.

The process of making curls by cold forging with a snail, see the video:

Purchase of raw materials

For that, to save time and not miss an urgent order, stock up on raw materials in advance.

The cold forging process uses:

• Low carbon steel blanks.
• Various metal profiles: square, sheets, corners, rods, etc.
• Auxiliary compositions: anti-corrosion paint, primer, solvent and electrodes.

It is necessary to purchase raw materials from trusted suppliers which can also be found online. At the same time, it is worth paying attention to the correspondence between price and product quality.

Product range

Ideally, a cold forging workshop should work to order, because in this case there is no need to sell the goods.

However, for start-up entrepreneurs, especially if there is a lot of competition in the market, it is difficult to get an order. That's why at the first stage of work, you can engage in the production of actual products and their subsequent sale.

As the portfolio expands and authority emerges, large orders will also come.

At the initial stage, it makes sense to produce the following types of products:

• Metal bars on the windows.
• Gates.
• Peaks for the porch.
• Fences for various purposes.
• Fireplace accessories.
• Garden gazebos and garden furniture.

Example of financial calculations

The cost of starting a business is 720,000 rubles.

One-time expenses- 635,000 rubles.

• State registration - 10,000 rubles.
• Organization of the working space (repair and equipment of the workshop) - 25,000 rubles.
• Purchase of a minimum set of equipment and tools - 400,000 rubles.
• Purchase of the minimum amount of raw materials - 200,000 rubles.

Monthly expenses- 85 000 rubles.

• Room rental - 15,000 rubles.
• Salary fund for employees (2 masters) - 50,000 rubles.
• Utility expenses - 10,000 rubles.
• Other expenses - 10,000 rubles.

The average markup is 200% on the cost of production. In a highly competitive market, this is the most common markup on cold forged products.

For example: 535 rubles are spent on the production of 1 m of a lattice for a garden 2 m high. (metal - 500 r, anti-corrosion paint - 15 r, electrodes - 20 r). An appropriate share of current expenses is added to this amount (85,000 rubles / 250 products per month = 340 rubles).

The planned markup is added to the sum received as a result (535+340=875 rubles). As a result, the minimum cost of 1 meter of the lattice is 2600 rubles.

Conclusion

Cold forging is more related to the service sector, therefore to determine the profitability of a business, it is necessary to calculate the finished product.

It is worth noting that the success of your business will depend on how well you manage it. If the entrepreneur manages to use all production capacities and quickly sell finished products, then the profit from the business will be large and constant.

• What orders are most often made
• Recruitment
• financial calculation
• What documents are needed to open
• What taxation system to choose for registering a business on forging
• Do I need permission to open
• Production technology
  • • • Similar business ideas:

Art forging business has become quite widespread in our country, primarily due to the “cheap” start. You can open your own mini-enterprise with an amount of 1.0-1.5 million rubles. The main investment at the first stage is the purchase of equipment and materials for forging. After that, it remains only to find a "handy" blacksmith and you can start forging money ...

Due to the low entrance ticket, a large number of small firms and "handicraft industries" have divorced in the artistic forging market. Garage production does not greatly interfere with large manufacturers and the main activity is shown only during the construction season. The products of such manufacturers are not of high quality, so the demand for their products is supported only by low prices. Most of the products here are made by hand, so the result largely depends on the physical strength of the master and his skill. Meanwhile, about 60% of all orders are carried out by large firms, most often equipped with high-performance equipment. Their main client is rich, solvent people.

What orders are most often made

Orders are very different. The trend of the last few seasons is fireplace sets: poker, scoop, tongs. Classical products that are ordered traditionally are fences, awnings, canopies, window bars, gates, monuments, gazebos, railings, benches and flower girls.

What it takes to run a successful business

According to experts, to open a successful business, you must have either rich experience or relevant education in the field of blacksmithing. Or better yet, both. Before starting a business, it’s a good idea to study the relevant literature, for example, Fedotov’s book “Metal”. Study drawings, diagrams, drawings, metal processing techniques. Then, if finances and time allow, special education should be obtained. The best of the best, real blacksmithing professionals are trained at the St. Baron A. L. Stieglitz.

You don't have to start with big investments. Blacksmithing is mostly based on the enthusiasm and efforts of the organizer. An example of this is Sergey Shevchenko, an aspiring businessman from the city of Omsk. It took the entrepreneur a little more than 300 thousand rubles to start fulfilling orders. “Having received a grant from the district administration in the amount of 200 thousand rubles, I bought gas and electric welding, a special table for work, and for the remaining amount I bought a tool for bending metal,” says the blacksmith. Such a set of equipment fits freely in "garage" conditions, on an area of ​​​​15-20m2.

How much money do you need to open a business, like art forging

Of course, if we talk about a serious matter, completely different investments will be required. At least 300 thousand rubles will be spent only on the preparation of the production site. For the production of 200 sq. m. of finished forged products per month, you will need to rent a room of 60 - 80 square meters. m. Plus, some area (15-25 sq.m.) is allocated for a warehouse where finished products and raw materials for production are stored. It is desirable that the room has high electrical power (equipment consumes up to 7 kW), is connected to the water supply and has good supply and exhaust ventilation. The rent of such an area, depending on the region, will be from 70 thousand rubles per month.

What equipment is better to choose for the production of artistic forging

The next investment is the purchase of equipment. Experts advise to purchase only professional blacksmith equipment. Machines will be required: for bending, twisting, invoicing, punching, forming and straightening rolled metal. In addition, you need a welding machine, a straightener, an anvil, one or two welding posts for assembling products, a cutting machine, an angle grinder for cleaning welds, a compressor with a spray gun for painting finished forged products, and a workbench with a vise. The total investment in such a set of equipment will not be less than 1.5 million rubles.

In order not to be wasted on the delivery of raw materials and materials, it is advisable to acquire a personal truck. Boo. a van of the Gazelle type will cost 150 - 250 thousand rubles. On it, if necessary, it is possible to carry out the delivery of finished products to the customer.

The total investment in the business will ultimately amount to at least 2 million rubles. No one can say the exact payback period for such investments - everything is very individual and largely depends on the organization of the business. You can make a profit after six months of work. The average return on investment in blacksmithing is two to three years.

Recruitment

Now about the workers. You will need to employ at least three workers: a welder and a couple of locksmiths. Physically, one cannot master the entire production process, and one also needs to take orders, settle accounts with suppliers, ship products, keep accounts, etc. It is not easy to select qualified personnel, and most likely a person will have to complete their education on their own or be sent to appropriate courses. Wages are set as salary plus a percentage of the volume of manufactured products.

financial calculation

The main materials in artistic forging are rolled metal (square or circle 14x14) and paint (such as Akrem-metal). The price of rolled metal products averages 24 rubles/kg. The cost of the paint is approximately 60 rubles/kg. For 1 square m2, 18 kg of rolled metal (415 rubles) and 0.15 kg of paint (9 rubles) are required.

In addition, when calculating the cost of goods, material costs per 1 m2 should be taken into account: electrodes - 10 rubles. (or argon + additive), abrasive wheels - 8 rubles. and propane gas - about 5 rubles. The cost of electricity per shift is about 35 rubles. The salary of three masters is 200 rubles - based on 1 m2 of finished products. About 20% or 100 rubles - overhead.

The total cost of production of one square meter is about 800 rubles. The average selling price of forged products such as "goose foot" or faceted peak is 3000 rubles per 1 sq. km. m. Thus, the profit from one square. m. is equal to: 3000 (sales price) - 800 (cost) = 2200 rubles. By producing at least 100 m2 of forged gratings per month, you can make a profit of 220,000 rubles.

This calculation shows that one machine costing 350,000 rubles pays off when selling 170 square meters. m. forged products. If you produce at least 50 sq. m., then the machine will pay off in 3.5 months.

Video about artistic forging:

Step-by-step plan for starting a business: where to start

1. Choose a room (rent a garage or hangar), consider heating in the winter.
2. Calculate the initial investment.
3. Find experienced blacksmiths (1-2 people).
4. Register as a business entity.
5. Purchase expensive equipment (rent).
6. To advertise about yourself and produce the first samples of products.

Which OKVED to indicate when registering a business

This type of activity belongs to section C "Manufacturing". In the application, we indicate 25.62 (mechanical processing of metal products).

History of forging.

From ancient times in Rus', blacksmiths were held in high esteem. They were endowed with supernatural power, giving opportunities inaccessible to ordinary people. They were often approached for help and advice, and during what kind of illness, a simple person often went to a blacksmith, and not to a doctor. There has always been a lot of trust in them. Blacksmiths in the old days even sealed the alliances of people. There was a belief that such marriages would be even stronger than church ones. Yes, and iron itself in Rus' has long been considered a talisman, and horseshoes to this day adorn many entrances to the house. They are hung to protect against uninvited guests and evil spirits, it is believed that an evil spirit cannot pass under a horseshoe. In the old days they believed in the power of a horseshoe attached above the bed. It was believed that she would protect a person's sleep from nightmarish visions.

Since the time of Kievan Rus, there has been no replacement for blacksmiths. From their forges came agricultural tools and handicraft tools that fed families, household items, weapons and armor for warriors, harnesses for horses. None of these things can be done with low quality, the life of a person of that time often depended on the skills of a blacksmith, so people who went into this profession were famous for their diligence and attentiveness.

Artistic forging gained momentum in Russia later, in the 17th-18th centuries. This was largely due to the sufficient development of metallurgy. A large amount of metal gave blacksmiths the opportunity to put into practice the experience accumulated over the centuries not only to create ordinary things, but also to mesmerizing beauty elements of decor. Around this time, the weight of the blacksmith's products also increased. This was made possible thanks to the technological progress of the time. The forges received “samokovy” or, more simply, mechanical hammers driven by water.

What is metal forging? Types of forging.

The definition of the concept of forging is given in various regulatory documents of the country as the processing of metal by pressure by local application of a load. This strict concept explains in many ways the images of the hammer and the anvil that pop up in the head.
Blacksmithing can be divided into a number of positions. According to the production method, manual and mechanical forging are distinguished. And if the first depends directly on the skills of the master, then the key to success of the second is the presence and well-coordinated work of all kinds of devices and machines. According to the type of manufactured products - into ordinary and artistic. The degree of heating of the metal being processed gives a division into two more types: cold and hot forging. Here we will dwell on them in more detail.
Almost all steel products can be forged both hot and cold. But does it make sense? When cold forging large products, too much effort and time will be spent on this, and when hot forging small products, a significant part of the material will be wasted due to the formation of scales.

Cold forging.

Cold forging is often used instead of stamping or casting, which are much less suitable for creating sufficiently strong parts. This is ensured by simultaneous bending and pressing of the bar during processing. However, forging also has disadvantages: in case of an error, it is not always possible and very labor-intensive to correct an oversight on a finished part that is practically not subject to deformation in practice. So the correction of a defect in one element entails heating the entire product, directly changing the problem area, and then bringing the other sections of the structure that deformed during heating to their original shape.

The scope of cold forging products is very large:
- bars on windows and doors (products can be made according to the standard, or they can be unique works of art created by the hand of the master)
- artistic elements of the facade (lanterns, flower baskets, figured railings of stairs, balconies and much more)
-artistic and simply functional fences, gates and gates
-decorative furniture and its elements (legs of tables and chairs, benches, etc.)

Automation of the cold forging process and the ability to "cut" products according to a given stencil allows the production of gratings, stairs, fences and other popular products in fairly large batches. Metal with this technology is not heated, with the exception of partial heating of the connecting nodes of the product. The artistic component of this type of metal processing is distinguished by the price issue: the exclusive work of the master costs many times more.

Equipment and tools for cold forging metal.

Let's dwell on them in more detail.

This small set of tools is designed to facilitate blacksmithing, it is supplemented depending on the goals and capabilities of the master, but it is quite enough to start your own business. Many of these devices are made by experienced forge masters on their own, the reason for this is the low functionality of industrial designs.

As development progresses, it will be possible to look at more serious CNC equipment for automating the production of forged products.

In addition to the above equipment, for a successful metal forging business, you also need to stock up on stamps.

Hot forging metal.

Forging metal with preheating is used in cases where, in order to give a shape to sufficiently large products, it is necessary to deform without destroying the material. When heated, the metal becomes more ductile and allows you to perform various manipulations with it without fear of chips, cracks and other troubles.

The manual labor of the master of hot forging is highly valued. This time-consuming process allows you to create real works of art. Metallic roses and lilies, striking in the accuracy of repeating the lines and sizes of natural flowers. Each product that comes from the hands of such a master is unique. It will not work to repeat what was conceived twice on hot material: in any case, there will be differences.
Hot forging has its own unpopular features. Firstly, the economic side of the issue: the cost of fuel for forge (chamber) furnaces has not been canceled and this increases the cost of the final product. Secondly, there are difficulties with calculations, because due to the thermal expansion of the metal, the released part in the hot state is larger than in the cold state. Therefore, in order for the product to comply with the drawings, it is necessary to make a margin for metal compression during cooling, and for inexperienced craftsmen this is a significant difficulty. When producing products with a significant mass, it is also necessary to install additional equipment for transportation, usually mechanical or electric hoists.
The main tool for hot metal forging includes tongs, a sledgehammer, a set of hammers of various shapes and weights, all kinds of punching, swaging and trowels, chisels and handbrakes. Everything that can help give the ductile metal the desired shape.

How to start your metal forging business?

The metal forging business, like many other businesses, starts as a simple hobby. After you have given your friends and acquaintances samples of your products, word of mouth begins to work and the first customers appear. At this point, you already have experience and some confidence in your “new” job. Confidence helps you communicate with strangers. But do not forget that you need to constantly improve your skills and experiment.

Your first products will be simple and in some sense even primitive, but over time, if you understand that metal forging is truly your business, you will learn to do something that many others will not be able to do. It is also worth adding that each forging master has his own characteristics and his own style of work, which has been developed for more than one year and thanks to which new clients are drawn to him.

Start your business with minimal investment. If we decompose in stages the start of a business in the forging of metals, then we will probably get the following picture:

• Education
• Writing a business plan
• Room search
• Purchase of forging equipment
• Work as self-promotion
• First customers - first orders
• Main job
• Development - expansion

An important moment at the very beginning of a business is to study your region, your future competitors and sales markets.
You know:

• How many firms and individual entrepreneurs are engaged in metal forging in your region?
• What is the demand for forged products?
• Where do your competitors buy material and at what prices?
• What are the main product markets?
• Is this production seasonal?
• What ads perform best in your area?
• What is the average check amount?
• What is the average number of customers over different periods?
• What forged products are in the highest demand?

In general, the better your research is, the more truthful your business plan will be, which will be the key document in your business.
In the business plan, you also need to reflect your peculiarity in the work, which is called indicating your individuality.
If you do not have money to purchase equipment, but after drawing up a business plan you have gained confidence in your business, try applying to the employment center for a subsidy. Many small entrepreneurs manage to get start-up capital free of charge.

When starting a metal forging business, one should understand that the concepts of cold forging and hot forging are absolutely compatible things. Because both cannot exist without each other. It is impossible to make a stamp on a part without first warming it up. There are also parts that need and can be shaped without heating them, which is called cold.

Room. Forging workshop.

Compared to the ancient Russian forge, the modern forging workshop has changed a lot. In the old days, the blacksmith made small items. Routine work was horseshoes or rims for cart wheels, all kinds of household utensils. Swords and sabers were the pinnacle of the blacksmiths' creativity of that time. Some examples of the activities of ancient weapons masters are pleasing to the eye in museums today. In the production of all this, large premises are not required, so the forge of that time was not very large. However, the idea of ​​a blacksmith's workplace was formed precisely in that period. If the conversation turns to him, the imagination draws us a furnace, an anvil, a hammer and a container filled with water to cool the metal.

Today, the forging workshop is a technologically advanced and largely automated production. Sledgehammer blows have replaced mechanical hammers. Hand work was given to programmable machines. A small room expanded to huge territories divided between assembly, painting, and element creation workshops. The variety of premises varies depending on the type of production. It was not always necessary to heat the metal to the deformation temperature: hot cutting was replaced by carving using industrial scissors.

Large production is unthinkable without significant progressive changes. However, with an increase in the volume of products, its individuality was lost somewhere. The same type of railings and stairs, gratings and fences filled everything around. And precisely because of this, the handicraft work of a blacksmith began to revive. Exclusive things have always been in the price, and now, when everything around is the same, standing out against the background of monotonous hedges, a hand-forged fence elevates the status of its owner above the rest. Unique forged products are in demand like never before. Thus, favorable soil is formed for the development of small business in the direction of artistic metal forging.

To start your business on forging metals, it will be enough to have a room in the form of a garage measuring 6x4 meters, which equals 24 sq.m.

The following zones must be located in the room:

Stapel - approximate size 200x200 cm
Desktop - 200x80 cm
Harvesting zone - 350x40 cm
Rack for metal - 250x50 cm
Ventilation zone - 150x100 cm

Process and technology for the production of forged products.

The algorithm for creating a forged product is in most cases very similar. It contains certain stages.

Stage one or what we actually do. This is a period of searching for drawings, drawings or simply prototypes for future creation. There are no difficulties with this - fortunately, the Internet and print media have devoted a lot to this issue, and city streets are often full of forged ornaments. Especially talented individuals can independently develop the design of their product.

The second stage is the purchase of metal. The standard metal profile has a length of 6 meters. You should plan the quantity of material in such a way that there is no need for a second visit to the supplier or to the warehouse later. It is better to make some reserve. Cases of its application in practice are not so few. From a simple mistake in the calculation of the material, to elements accidentally damaged during the production process.

After the supply of metal raw materials, stage number three often suggests itself: pre-treatment of raw materials or simply cleaning from rust and dirt. The material could get dirty during transportation, and its surface is covered with corrosion due to the fact that most metal depots do not bother building a covered warehouse or at least a canopy over rolled metal products.

The fourth stage is already being carried out at the blacksmith's main workplace and involves the manufacture of a frame. For some products, it may not be needed, but it is still worth pointing out the features of its production. The frame should have perfectly even corners and fit the dimensions. In artistic forging, the frame size is measured on the outside.

Stage five. Drawing. One-to-one scale image of the product on a handy surface for subsequent measurements and cutting of metal raw materials. Due to the curly shape of the elements, it is easiest to measure the length with a rope: lay it out on top of the drawn line, then apply it to the bar in expanded form. After that, the necessary part of the metal is cut off. Everyone understands the observance of accuracy in all the above manipulations.

When collecting products, the manufacture of small elements is always required. The sixth stage will be their creation. Even blanks are deformed with the help of the devices described above to give the shape conceived by the master. If the assembly of the final product requires many parts of the same type, it is necessary to make them as identical as possible.

By all the rules, the seventh stage should imply the collection of all elements into a single creation. It almost never goes without fitting parts to each other. There to cut, here to correct, the main thing is not to get carried away and not to distort the originally conceived product. To do this, each time you need to check the drawing. When you are sure of the correct assembly of all the parts, grab them in place with light welding.

Stage eight. Final welding of all elements together. If it is a lattice or a fence, then having boiled all the elements on one side, it is necessary to turn it over and repeat the procedure on the other side. It should be remembered that after the final welding of the elements, the appearance of the product cannot be changed. Before you start welding, you should once again carefully check everything.

After the product has acquired its almost final form, it is necessary to remove all unnecessary from it. This is the ninth step. Welding dross does not embellish products for interior or exterior decoration, as well as rough welds. It is necessary to get rid of the former, and clean the latter until the desired smooth shape is formed.

The tenth stage is often associated with decoration products. This is the time of product decoration. There is a large selection of weld-on elements for wrought iron products on the market. When choosing, you should give preference only to options similar in style. Different styles of decorating elements can eventually ruin all the efforts of the master.

The eleventh stage is necessary due to the susceptibility of the metal to corrosion. The finished product should be primed and painted. The primer for these purposes should be chosen in an inverse color both in relation to the metal and in relation to the paint. So it will be easier to see the flaws in the application. This type of product coating is mandatory for outdoor elements, but if the forged element is located indoors, to save money, you can limit yourself to just a layer of paint.

Stage twelve or how to increase the cost of the finished product. It consists in performing additional measures to decorate the product. Examples would be giving the effect of aging or gilding individual elements. It all depends on the taste of the master or the requirements of the customer, the main thing here is not to overdo it. As they say, the best is the enemy of the good.

Sales of products.

To organize your own good product market, you need to decide on the contingent for which this product is actually suitable and make sure that this potential client wants to buy it here. So for standard products made by cold forging, such as stairs, railings, gratings, the choice of buyers is very, very wide. However, a business limited only by the production of such products will not always be able to overcome the competition of large factories and industrial associations that have devoted many decades to this issue.

It is more difficult to find buyers for art forging, but competition in this subject is quite acceptable. Decorative metal products are often needed by people with good or average incomes who want to decorate their homes, as well as rich offices to decorate office facades. The experience of cooperation with construction teams involved in the construction of individual houses, cottages, estates or office buildings will also be positive. They will undertake the coordination of sketches of products with clients, you will only have to do your job on time and with high quality.

It’s good if the work is done to order, however, this also needs to be earned. A person usually trusts either something that someone has already tried and given personal positive recommendations, or a well-known brand that will not fail to maintain its own reputation. Any, even the smallest, company can make its trademark popular through advertising. The main thing is not to miss when choosing funds.

For artistic forging, the following PR moves are suitable:
- personal contact with the consumer. A face-to-face conversation always produces more results than empty chatter on the phone. The buyer will be more likely to be interested in you if he personally sees your work and makes sure of the professionalism.
- advertising in the media. The cheapest and most expensive type of advertising at the same time. It all depends on the choice of location. The most affordable option is free. This is an ad on the Internet on popular sites with a suitable contingent of visitors. The most expensive is television. The roller at the most appropriate time will hit your pocket hard.
- outdoor types of advertising in "suitable" places, for example, a billboard near the entrance to a new cottage village, the development of which is in full swing.

In any case, you can find a bunch of options both for a well-earning business and for beginners, for whom advertising is a necessary event, but due to a small turnover, it is low-budget. For industries that have not yet gained full strength, advertising on the Internet or simply submitting an ad to a newspaper is suitable. At the initial stage, you should not fork out for expensive television or radio commercials, the effect of them is not always visible immediately, and the cost is not always high. Remember, your money should not be wasted.

Financial plan.

Costs and profits per unit of output:

This calculation shows that having spent 9,905 rubles on production, and having sold it for 29,700 rubles, you get a pretty good profit.

Investments in metal forging business.

Equipment:

Necessary elements for the production of forged products - 200,000 rubles.
Grinding machine - 2,000 rubles.
Welding machine - 10,000 rubles.
Compressor - 15,000 rubles.
Welder's table - 20,000 rubles.
Rack - 10,000 rubles.
Stapel - 15,000 rubles.
Cutting machine - abrasive - 15,000 rubles.
Ventilation - 15,000 rubles.

Total for equipment: 302,000 rubles.

Room:
Room rental - 30,000 rubles. per month

Grand total: 412,000 rubles.

With the correct implementation of the business plan, the payback period of the business should not exceed 6 months.

Options for the manufacture of forged products.