Is it possible to transplant blackberries in June. Garden blackberry - planting, growing and care, reproduction, pruning

In Russia, as a rule, gardeners prefer more traditional berries, raspberries, currants, strawberries, and so on. A relatively small percentage of summer residents are engaged in the cultivation of blackberries. This is due primarily to the fact that the berry is very prickly. Despite this fact, the plant is commercially profitable, the yield of blackberries is several times higher than that of its relative - raspberries, it is more unpretentious, able to develop well, bear fruit in the shade and partial shade.

Autumn planting blackberries

While most gardeners recommend planting blackberries in the spring, planting seedlings in the fall is also a good idea.

1. In autumn, the earth is warm enough; for blackberries, warm soil is important for rooting.
2. The gentle sun. In spring, the intensity of ultraviolet radiation is higher, there is a risk of burns.
3. The plant takes root better
4. The next season, the blackberry does not waste energy on rooting, the development of the plant begins much earlier.

It must be taken into account that autumn planting is not advisable in the northern regions, in northern Siberia, Transbaikalia, etc.

Soil preparation

When planting, it is worth considering - the plant is moisture-loving. Since in dry weather, you will have to water, sometimes three times a week, choose a place near a water source or take care of the water supply in advance. Drainage is also needed.

The berry prefers soil with a high acidity content. Perform a soil acidity test (for details, see below). Here ), if the earth is not acidic enough, then special substances are introduced, for example, potassium sulfate, which can be replaced with fresh manure. When decaying, manure oxidizes the soil, in addition enriches it with nitrogen. Consider the structure of the soil. Blackberry needs clay, heavy soil, one that retains moisture for a long time.

Although the plant has the ability to develop and bear fruit well both in partial shade and in the shade, however, in the sun, the berry will be born sweeter and larger. Based on this, it makes sense, if possible, to plant blackberries in a sunny place.

Landing technology

As noted above, the autumn planting of blackberries justifies itself only in a temperate climate, in the southern and central regions of Russia, in Ukraine, Belarus, South Kazakhstan, etc. Planting date is the last decade of September. Given the tendency for a strong growth of the bush, the distance between plants should be at least a couple of meters. This is also due to the convenience in picking berries, since the plant, as a rule, has sharp thorns in large numbers. You can avoid this inconvenience by choosing thornless, remontant varieties for planting (the rules for planting and caring for such varieties differ from traditional species).

Dig a planting hole based on the size of the seedling, the roots of the plant should be located freely in the hole, the root collar is at least five centimeters deep. Typically, the volume of the pit is 40 cm 3. Fertile layer (upper), set aside and mix it in equal parts with loam and humus, one hundred grams of superphosphate, 30 grams of potassium sulfate. Place fresh manure or compost (not rotted) on the bottom of the planting hole.

In the center of the pit, pour an earthen mound, place the seedling on it with the central part of the root, straighten the roots, cover with an earthen mixture, tamping it tightly so that the soil fits as tightly as possible to the roots. The plant should be strictly vertical. After planting blackberries in the fall, shed mullein, compost slurry, pour a layer of mulch ten centimeters. Before the first frost, water generously one more time. For the winter, cover the plant to avoid weathering, freezing.

Planting time - spring or autumn?

Amateur gardeners are big fans of talking about plants - the yield of a particular variety of fruit bush, tree, propagation methods, fertilizers, etc. But one of the most controversial issues is the timing of planting young plants. Everyone has their own view on this, and of course, their own weighty arguments. Consider both landing options, but you should immediately notice that both seasons are good for planting, although they have disadvantages.

Planting blackberries in spring

Need to know! Placing a seedling in a permanent place in the spring stimulates its rapid growth, the development of the root system. In the spring it is easier to control the condition of young bushes. However, the plant is more likely to be damaged by harmful insects, diseases, drought, of course, with improper care.

Blackberry is an unpretentious plant, but still requires attention if the gardener wants to get the maximum benefit from the bush.

Proper spring planting of blackberries begins with site selection. The plant needs it with good lighting, with possible protection from the winds. The blackberry is “indifferent” to soils, it grows on almost any, but not waterlogged. At the planting site of blackberry bushes, the groundwater horizon should not be closer to the soil surface than one and a half meters.

What should be a seedling

A decisive factor in successful planting is the choice of planting material. Buying a blackberry seedling in a regular market is like buying a pig in a poke. It is better to visit a special nursery of fruit plants, a store or an exhibition, order a variety of interest, a new variety for yourself, in an online store.

When buying, you need to carefully examine the root of a young plant, it must have at least three ten-centimeter shoots and a basal bud. The seedling should have 2-3 stems with green fresh leaves.

Need to know! A seedling that has rotten areas on its roots, and the stem has mechanical damage, most likely will not take root, and even if it grows, it takes a long time to wait for the harvest. Various kinds of defects directly indicate that the planting material has long been removed from the soil.

The seedling is checked for survival by a neat incision of the bark. If the stem is green under the bark, the plant is viable. Brown color indicates the unsuitability of blackberries for planting.

blackberry neighbors

When breaking down the berry, it is advisable to avoid areas where vegetables used to grow. After them, a disease that is not good for shrubs may remain in the soil - late blight, which is very fond of young plants.

It is good when trellises with raspberries are located nearby. Gardeners often practice growing these two crops in the same garden. Raspberry and blackberry care, cultivation and propagation techniques are very similar.

Landing distances

In the case when the blackberry is not tied to the trellis, the distance to neighboring shrubs and trees should be at least one and a half to two meters. At such a distance, the blackberry has where to grow, and the neighboring tree will not experience discomfort from the branches winding along it.

When growing on a trellis, the distance between seedlings should be within one meter, and between rows - two and a half.

Pit, planting depth, fertilizer

For planting a seedling, a hole is prepared with a size of 40 x 40 cm and a depth of 40 cm. Fill the hole with a mixture of fertilizers to half the depth, which includes:

• The main ingredient is manure, 5-6 kg,
• Potash fertilizer - 50-60 g,
• Phosphate fertilizer - 100-150 g.

When seedlings with an open root system are prepared for the berry plant, planting should be done as soon as possible, with the onset of heat. If the seedling is grown in a plastic cup or a cut PET bottle, you can take your time with rooting.

The landing process looks like this:

• If the roots are open, they are examined, if necessary, the damaged processes are cut off, and the cut sites are disinfected. When the seedling is placed in the pit, the roots are straightened, carefully covered with soil taken out of the pit,
• A seedling from a pot is simply placed in a hole and sprinkled with earth. At the same time, the plant is taken out of the pot along with the planting soil, do not shake it off the roots.

After any planting method, the soil near the seedling is mulched with the available material - sawdust, shavings, needles.

Need to know! For blackberry seedlings, after planting, it is necessary to regularly destroy weeds and loosen the soil near the trunks. Thus, the soil is saturated with oxygen, and moisture penetrates to the roots faster.

Planting blackberries in autumn

Gardeners who are just starting to grow blackberries are afraid to root the plants in place before winter. On the contrary, people with experience are trying to update their berry at this time. In principle, both the first and second are right - each season has its own merits, and the term spring or autumn is due to objective reasons.

What is good autumn planting

The choice of the time for the most effective planting of blackberries does not differ in any special techniques from other garden plants. The benefits are as follows:

• A wide range of planting material. By autumn, nurseries prepare large batches of seedlings of various varieties,
• Autumn rains saturate the ground well, and after planting, the blackberry seedling does not experience a moisture deficit, does not need watering,
• In winter, the roots of the seedling, although slowly, develop, and become strong by spring, and with the onset of warm days, the bush actively grows, ahead of spring planting seedlings,
• Eliminate the hassle of winter storage of planting material.

Need to know! When planting blackberries in the autumn, you need to take into account the peculiarities of the climate. If in the southern regions, landing can last until December 15, then in the middle lane - from mid-October to mid-November.

For blackberries, one of the main factors for successful establishment is well-warmed soil. Autumn in this aspect is more favorable, in spring it is quite possible to miss the moment when the heat comes.

Site preparation for spring planting blackberry seedlings can be prepared in the fall or early winter. For autumn planting, the place is prepared 2-3 weeks before the start of work.

Everything else moments - the choice of seedlings, planting site, the distance between plants are the same as for planting in the spring.

Blackberries of autumn planting must be reliably protected from the winter cold.

Conclusion

I want to note that even experienced summer residents, blackberry lovers, are not immune from annoying blunders, the most common are:

• Mistakes when choosing a seedling,
• Buying planting material in a dubious place and trusting unscrupulous sellers,
• Generous feeding of plants can cause their death.

What to do if this nevertheless happened, and the seedlings did not start? Do not despair if the disaster touched you in the fall, prepare your own material for the autumn planting. If the trouble happened in the fall, you need to prepare for planting in the spring. Nothing terrible happened, and the gardener at the same time gains rich experience, and such incidents will no longer be allowed.

Landing in the fall: all the pros and cons

Gardeners have not come to a consensus when it is better to plant blackberries in spring or autumn. Some say that it is necessary in the spring, while others argue that the season does not matter for landing.

Any opinion has a place to be, so let's consider all the pros and cons regarding this issue. Let's start with the very first thing that they pay attention to when planting seedlings of this plant. The earth must be warm and properly prepared.

And to prepare the land, that is, to clear it of weeds and fertilize, just everyone advises in the fall. Regarding the temperature of the soil, it is natural that in the autumn it is better warmed up than in the spring.

On the other hand, it can be said that if seedlings planted in autumn endure the winter cold well, they will certainly be more resistant to weather conditions and less susceptible to diseases next year. Frost-resistant varieties of frost will not harm in principle.

But on the other hand, the scorching summer sun can destroy them. If the summer is very hot, then the plants can simply “burn out”. In autumn, the sun is gentle, so the plants feel comfortable and death from the sun can definitely be avoided.

Selection of seedlings

Experienced gardeners are advised to buy blackberry seedlings in special nurseries that breed it. There is a variety of varieties of both ordinary garden and remant species.

The latter is now becoming increasingly popular due to the fact that it bears fruit longer and is more resistant to both weather conditions and diseases. There are planting material with a high and low level of shoot formation.
This should also be taken into account when choosing guided by the amount of space allotted for landing. You should choose annual plants with several branches more than half a centimeter in diameter.

Choosing and preparing a place

Before planting blackberries in the fall, you need to decide on a place for planting and prepare it.

In order for the plant to feel good, it needs a sunny place. You also need to remember that the blackberry gives a lot of shoots, so it should be kept at a distance of about 1.5 m from the place of its landing to buildings and fences.
The crop gives a good harvest if the soil is well moistened and fertile. Therefore, before planting blackberries in the fall, it is recommended to fertilize it. Due to the fact that the roots of the plant lie deeper than those of raspberries, the soil is loosened to a depth of 0.5 m.

About 5 kg of manure or compost, up to 150 g of superphosphate and three times less potash fertilizers are added to the pit.

It is important to mix fertilizers well with the ground so that plant roots do not come into contact with them. Gardeners say that after such fertilization, the soil is fertile for about 4 years.

Landing pattern

The scheme for planting garden blackberries directly depends on whether the plant will give many or few shoots. If the formation of low-level shoots use the so-called bush method. Several seedlings are placed in one hole, the distance between them should be a little more than 1.5 m.

The tape planting method implies a high level of shoot formation. Each seedling is planted in a separate hole in a row, the distance between which is about a meter. Width between rows from 2 to 2.5 m.

When planting, the roots of the plant are well straightened, sprinkled with earth and watered. It is important that no air pockets form and that the kidney is at least 3 cm above the ground.

The time when to plant blackberries in the fall is from the end of summer until the first serious cold weather. September is the best time for this. It is warm enough and the plant will have time to take root before the cold weather.

Shelter for the winter

Pruning blackberries in the fall is necessary. This is the stage of preparation for wintering and preparation for higher yields next year. It is necessary to cut only the shoots that bear fruit this year. If there were no fruits, like seedlings, then the plant is simply cut off by 10-20 cm.

For the winter, the bushes are insulated to protect them from frost. The lashes are laid, a little peat or sawdust is poured under the root and they and the shoots are covered with agrofiber, spruce branches or roofing material with a layer of up to 15 cm. You can cover it first with corn leaves, and on top with a film. The plant usually does not succumb under cover.

Features of caring for blackberries in the fall

If you decide to plant blackberries in the fall, then the seedlings need to be watered periodically and loosen the ground. You can also treat them for diseases and pests. The easiest way to do this is to prepare a solution of 3% hydrogen peroxide per liter of water and spray the shoots.

With this solution, you can water the soil after planting up to two times a month. This will neutralize the soil from pests, fertilize the roots and give them additional oxygen.

The plant can not be planted next to raspberries. Since it multiplies faster, the raspberries will simply disappear. Blackberry is a fairly unpretentious plant with a much higher yield than raspberries. She feels great in our climatic conditions.

It can be planted both in spring and summer, while observing a few mandatory recommendations. Blackberries do not bear fruit the first year after planting, so with proper care, expect a great harvest next year.

Blackberry types

Without exception, blackberry varieties can be divided into three main types: kumanika (distinguished by upright stems), dewberry (with weaving branches) and semi-creeping intermediate species.

Kumanika is a plant with upright stems, which is characterized by reproduction by root sprouts. It is this group that includes most of the varieties that easily survive the winter, even if they are not covered. For example, one of the most resistant varieties is Flint, which can tolerate temperatures as low as -40 degrees.

Dewberries are characterized by creeping shoots, with large and juicy berries. These varieties can be propagated by cuttings or by rooting the tops. Garden blackberries of these varieties are more productive, but endure winter more difficult, they must be covered from frost.

If we talk about intermediate forms, then more than enough of them have recently appeared. They differ slightly in terms of fruiting, fruit shape, degree of resistance to pests and diseases.

And recently something new has appeared: blackberries without thorns are now available to gardeners. The berries on such plants are absolutely not inferior in taste and commercial qualities to their prickly counterparts, but the harvesting process is greatly simplified.

Preparing for landing

If you are going to plant blackberries in the fall, pay special attention to the development of the root system: the roots of the seedling should be well developed. It is also important to find out the characteristics of a particular variety in order to plant the crop correctly, observing the terms and conditions.

Of course, planting blackberry bushes in the fall suggests exclusively frost-resistant varieties - after all, the young plant will have to survive the cold winter.

You can plant bushes by choosing the right place: it should be well protected from the winds, have a sufficient level of lighting all winter and warm up well. Blackberry is a moisture-loving crop, it is also important to consider this before planting a bush in a chosen place.

Another important step in preparing for planting berries in the fall is the condition of the soil, because it is better not to replant the bush. The selected area must be completely free of weeds, loosening must be carried out correctly - carefully dig up the place where the planting is planned, to a depth of half a meter.

Material selection

The further preservation and development of the shrub depends on what you plant. Therefore, when choosing planting material, it is important to follow a number of recommendations:

1. Decide in advance on the variety you want to purchase.
2. It is better to buy seedlings at agricultural fairs, horticulture, from trusted distributors, in nurseries. Don't buy from random vendors on the road.
3. If you decide to come to the nursery for a bush, you must provide a certificate confirming the blackberry variety.
4. It is better to buy seedlings in special containers. At the same time, there is no risk of a weak and diseased root system. Also, this content of the sprout will provide you with convenience during planting.
5. Make sure that the seedling is healthy, there are no broken branches, dry leaves, indicating plant diseases.
6. For autumn planting in open ground, you should not choose seedlings with an open root system. They are best suited for spring, when the roots have time to grow and gain strength. In autumn, such shoots may die.
7. When buying, ask the seller for all the characteristics of the variety in order to observe the correct planting dates.

Following these rules, you will acquire high-quality planting material that can endure a harsh winter, and start growing on time in the spring.

landing conditions

Where to plant on the site? By all means, the main condition for autumn planting is the right place.

1. Watering should be organized near the future growth site of the bush, that is, it is better to place the seat near an artificial reservoir so that regular watering is convenient after wintering.
2. The place must be cleared of weeds and dug up in advance.
3. Remember that garden blackberries do not tolerate excessive constant moisture, so it is better to avoid a place where there is an accumulation of water or arrange drainage in the hole.
4. The earth should be well warmed up, so it is better to plant a seedling in sunny autumn weather.
5. It is better to plant on loamy, clay soil, with the addition of black soil, so that in the future dry summer the earthen ball retains moisture.
6. The selected site must be protected on all sides from the winds.

In cases where several rooted shoots are acquired, do not spare the place, as the blackberry gives shoots up to 5-7 m in length. Do not thicken blackberry plantings (how to prune in the fall can be found here). The distance between the bushes and rows must be planned in advance. The planting scheme is as follows: between bushes up to three meters, between rows up to two meters. This arrangement will give convenience when harvesting.

Important! Make sure that the distance from the blackberry bed to the hedge, the outbuilding is at least 1.5 m. It should also be noted that blackberries cannot be planted in the garden area where vegetables were the predecessor.

In the first year, the blackberry does not bear fruit, only lateral shoots develop, the bush is gaining strength for growth. Fruiting begins in the second year, so this should be taken into account when establishing a support. It is better to make it in two rows on both sides of the bush. On one side, annual shoots are determined, which will subsequently be covered for the winter, on the other side, repeaters, which are cut out in the fall. This aspect should be taken into account in advance, during the autumn planting.

Variety selection rules

This point should also be considered in the article.

1. When choosing a blackberry variety for autumn planting, remember that it will have to survive a harsh winter, so give preference to winter-hardy varieties.
2. Consider the future reproduction of the variety. After the blackberry begins to bear fruit in full, you will want to propagate the bush. Some varieties are reluctant to give root shoots, so they are planted only with rooted cuttings.
3. Blackberry thornless will surprise you, as harvesting will become much easier.
4. Consider the timing of ripening berries.

Today, many varieties have been bred: blackberries without thorns and with them, sweet and sour, round and elongated (examples of varieties: Thornfree, Agawam, Black Satin, etc.). Therefore, when choosing a variety, you need to study all the characteristics in advance in order to get the maximum yield and be satisfied with the berry.

Benefits of fall planting

Gardeners often argue about when to plant blackberries in the fall or spring. There is no consensus. There are some benefits to autumn planting.

1. During planting, the ground should be well warmed up. It usually happens in autumn.
2. Autumn seedlings take root better than in spring, since the spring sun burns more strongly and there is a possibility of burns, which can cause the seedling to die.
3. If the bushes are planted early in the fall, then they will have time to take root, rather than just planted ones.
4. Autumn cuttings and seedlings become stronger the next year, and endure any vicissitudes of the weather.

Therefore, if you decide to plant blackberries on your site, take the above tips into account and wait for a beneficial harvest.

In garden plots today, blackberries are increasingly being bred. Thanks to modern selection, it has become not prickly, which is why it becomes one of the favorite berries. Our information on how to properly plant, care for a young seedling can serve as an instruction to a novice gardener.

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What is the difference between a berry and a fruit

Scientists do not use the term "fruit", replacing it with the word "fruit". This definition is used to describe the edible part of the vegetation formed as a result of the pollination of a flower or ovary. Vegetables are not included in this category.

Fruits include:

• apple,
• pear,
• plum,
• peach,
• cherry,
• Pennsylvania waxwort,
• cherry plum.

Experts attribute to berries all fruits that develop from one ovary, and have juicy pulp and many small seeds. The ovary, in the process of ripening, the berries are transformed into a pericarp suitable for eating. The fruits in question may have up to several thin-shelled carpels. It is allowed to include products that are familiar to everyone, for example, gooseberries, watermelons or bananas, to this category. Wikipedia confirms the described theory.

The seeds in the berries are embedded in the pulp, with the exception of peppers. Its seeds are located in the inner hollow part of the fruit.

Examples of real berries:

• banana,
• avocado,
• cranberry,
• Rowan,
• gooseberry,
• currant.

Why don't all berries have seeds in the center? Experts distinguish the concept - false berries or multi-nuts. These include fruits that have pits on the surface or just below the shell, such as strawberries or raspberries.

False berries develop and the lower ovary. Their peculiarity is that in the structure of the berry, flower tissues develop that are outside the ovary.

Example of false berries:

• strawberry,
• raspberries,
• blackberry.

In everyday life, it is common to call berries all fruits that have a sweet-sour taste and small size. There should not be large seeds inside, edible seeds are not taken into account.

Citruses are considered modified berries with firm skins and juicy flesh. Experts gave the name to such fruits - orange. Fruits with even denser skins, such as squash or zucchini, are berries, but have a special name - pumpkins.

How to distinguish a berry from a fruit

In botany, there is no concept - "Fruit". Anything that develops from an ovary is considered a fruit. Berries belong to this category, only they have a narrower name "multi-seeded fruit". We can summarize - everything that has juicy pulp and many small seeds inside is berries, and everything else is fruit.

Among the people, all small-sized fruits with a pleasant, sweet-sour taste and bright skin color are commonly called berries, regardless of which category these products belong to botanists. All fruits that cannot be taken with two fingers are called fruits.

Berries are usually consumed one at a time or in whole handfuls. This cannot be done with the fruit, it is too large and it is required to bite off pieces from it.

Plant products are distinguished by the type of growth. Everything that grows on herbaceous plants or shrubs is berries, and only fruits grow on trees. But it should be noted that in this theory there are inconsistencies, since the mountain ash belongs to the berries, despite the fact that it grows on a tree.

Some fruits that grow on cultivated plants are considered fruits. And the berries can be both cultivated and wild. Small fruits can be edible and poisonous. Fruits do not have such a division.

How to explain to a child

In order for a child to have a correct understanding of the world from childhood, he needs to be told about the difference between a berry, a fruit, and a vegetable.

For children, information becomes most accessible if it is offered with a good example.

To explain what a berry is, the child should be shown a sectional view of the product so that he can clearly see that the fruit in question has a fleshy pulp and many seeds inside. It is most convenient to do this using the gooseberry as an example, since it has a visual structure.

In order for the child to understand the differences between a berry and a fruit, he should be asked to compare an apple and a grape. The first has a dense structure, large sizes and dense seeds separated from the pulp by a dense partition, the structure of the grapes is significantly different, like most berries, it is soft and juicy, and the seeds are located in direct contact with the tissues of the fetus.

Of course, the berry is also useful during pregnancy, children love it with pleasure. Therefore, I recommend that everyone find out in detail what is so special about watermelon? Below in the photo you can see what it looks like, the method of growing watermelon in a greenhouse.

To learn more about the berry and its benefits for the body, read our articles below, and also see the photo of what the berry looks like.

The use of blackberries can normalize blood pressure, strengthen the walls of blood vessels. The benefits for women are invaluable! Thanks to the berry, the skin rejuvenates, becomes firm and elastic.

Below you can see a photo of what a blackberry looks like and what varieties there are. And also read interesting articles to learn a lot of new things!

Blueberries help normalize blood pressure, improve vision and restore intestinal microflora.

You can read more about the beneficial and healing properties of berries in our articles in this section. And also see the photo of what blueberries look like, how they grow and how to collect them.

Useful properties of roots

In addition to the juicy fruits, which are the most popular part of the rosehip for the preparation of medicines, the rhizome of the plant is used in folk medicine. It consists of such useful components:

• flavonoids,
• kakhetins,
• triterpenoids,
• tannins.

Its roots have pronounced anti-inflammatory and bactericidal properties. Decoctions, infusions and tinctures from the underground part of the plant are used to treat digestive disorders, inflammatory processes of the genitourinary system.

Medicines containing rosehip rhizomes normalize hormonal levels, accelerate metabolic processes in the body. They are used for gout, muscle pain and in the presence of pain in the joints, with cramps in the limbs.
Important! After a stroke, it is recommended to take baths with the addition of a decoction of the root of the plant.
Means in various dosage forms, which are prepared on the basis of rhizomes, have a positive effect on the liver, kidneys, and gallbladder. They are able to remove stones and sand from these organs.

Despite the beneficial properties of the underground part of the rosehip, medicines using the rhizome should be taken with caution. They slow down the formation of bile, which can lead to constipation. Rosehip root is also contraindicated for people who are prone to thrombosis.

rosehip flowers

The flowers of this plant have also been used in folk medicine due to the unique composition:

• essential and fatty oils,
• acid,
• glycosides,
• flavonoids,
• tannins and other elements.

Medicines containing flowers have anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. A decoction of this part of the plant is used in the treatment of conjunctivitis, blepharitis, stomatitis. The use inside helps to strengthen the heart muscle.

Rosehip oil

An oily extract is made from this plant, which has many properties. It contains fatty acids (linolenic, stearic, oleic, palmitic), vitamins A, E, C, F and other useful components.

Due to its unique composition, rosehip oil is used as a choleretic agent. It can be used as a medicine for the treatment of hepatitis, cholecystitis. An additional effect that can be obtained by using an oily extract is the improvement of digestion. Also, this medicine significantly lowers blood cholesterol, which will be useful in the presence of atherosclerosis.

Rosehip oil can be used as a general tonic, to saturate the body with useful substances during the period of spring beriberi. It boosts metabolism and even promotes weight loss.

This medicinal substance is also used as an external agent:

• for nursing mothers who have cracked nipples,
• to improve the condition of the skin. It becomes more elastic, moisturized, fine wrinkles are smoothed out, irritation is eliminated,
• for healing wounds, scratches, abrasions,
• with stomatitis,
• eliminates age spots.

Important! Rosehip oil can be instilled into the nose for rhinitis, runny nose, pharyngitis. Also apply to the face for wrinkles.

Medicinal properties of fruits

The juicy fruits of the shrub contain a large amount of useful substances that have the healing properties of wild rose:

• vegetable fibers and various acids,
• tannins,
• vitamins - C, PP, K, E, B6,
• minerals - molybdenum, calcium, magnesium, potassium and others,
• essential substances.

Important! Rose hips contain phytoncides, carotene, organic acids, tannins.
Teas and decoctions from the fruit are used as a tonic for children, during pregnancy and for women who are breastfeeding. These medicines can be safely used in the presence of fever, muscle pain, cough, runny nose, when most medicines are contraindicated. They can also be used to prevent colds.

Rosehip has a positive effect on the circulatory system, metabolic processes in the body. It is used in the treatment of scurvy, anemia, inflammation of the bladder, kidneys.

Means containing the fruits of the plant have choleretic properties, remove excess fluid from the body, which can accumulate in the tissues. Regular consumption of rosehip teas normalizes blood pressure, improves the functioning of the stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, and intestines. It strengthens the walls of blood vessels, has hemostatic and anti-inflammatory properties.
Read! How to brew rose hips and drink it for the treatment of various diseases can be found in our article.

Rosehip infusion

It is used to improve well-being in case of colds and flu, stimulates the digestive system, cleanses the walls of blood vessels from cholesterol plaques, saturates the body with useful substances.
Important! Rosehip infusion can be used to rinse the mouth with bleeding gums, stomatitis. If you want to brew dried rose hips, read our article on how to do it.
To prepare the medicine, use two or three handfuls of dried fruits of the shrub, which must be placed in a thermos and pour 930 ml of boiling water. Infuse the healing liquid throughout the day, after which it can be used orally.

Drink three cups of rosehip infusion daily. During treatment, do not drink more than a liter of fluid per day. To improve the taste, add a spoonful of natural honey or sugar to the prepared medicine.

Remedy for men

Hawthorn in combination with wild rose has a positive effect on the sexual function of men.

The recipe for the preparation of a healing agent:

1. Use 1 tbsp. l. hawthorn, which you need to pour 230 ml of hot rosehip infusion.
2. Place this liquid in a small container in a water bath. Keep on low heat for 18 minutes.
3. Remove from the stove, infuse in an airtight container for 50 minutes.
4. Strain the prepared infusion, take it warm.

Drink the product an hour before the main meals, after dividing it into small portions.

Contraindications for use

Rosehip infusion is very useful for the human body, but it must be taken with caution when:

• peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum,
• with gastritis, which is accompanied by high acidity,
• with thrombophlebitis.

Prepared medicines contain a large amount of acids in their composition, so after using them, be sure to rinse your mouth with plain water. Also, do not take products containing rose hips for a long time. It is best to take short courses of treatment for 7-10 days each with short breaks.

How to choose and prepare a place for blackberries

The site for planting blackberries must be properly selected and prepared. The best place for cultivation is a wind-sheltered, sunny area of ​​the garden. Blackberries are hard to take root in dry areas, but stagnant water is even more destructive for her - the roots rot and the bush dies. The depth of groundwater should not be higher than 1.5 m. A site along the fence, located on the southern or southwestern side of the site, is well suited.

The berry bush feels great on fertile loams. The conditions for good bush growth and high yields are prepared in advance - they dig up the soil by 0.5 m and apply fertilizers:

• 5 kg. rotted manure or compost
• 150 g of superphosphate,
• 50 g of potassium salts *.

* Proportions are indicated per 1 planting hole

The applied top dressing is well mixed with the soil. The presented dose of fertilizers is enough for 3-4 years of vegetation.

How to choose seedlings for autumn planting

The accumulated long-term experience of planting blackberry bushes for the winter shows that frost-resistant varieties take root well with almost a 100% guarantee - they should be preferred by gardeners in the Central Region and Siberia.

Criteria for successful selection of planting material:

1. for planting, only zoned varieties of berry bushes should be purchased,
2. when choosing from zoned ones, it should be noted that erect (or semi-glassy) blackberry varieties tolerate cold winters much better,
3. for a more comfortable planting and subsequent care, it is better to choose varieties without thorns. It is important to remember that thornless varieties should be propagated by stem cuttings. When using root cuttings, the output can be a plant with thorns,
4. when choosing between ordinary and remontant varieties, it should be taken into account that the formation of berries on 1-year-old shoots requires careful care and adherence to the regimen of feeding the bushes. On the other hand, remontant plants get sick less, hybrids have a high natural level of immunity,
5. Depending on their own preferences, when buying seedlings of a new variety, gardeners take into account the tendency to shoot formation, high or low.

The main selection criterion: A 1-year-old seedling with a developed root system should have several shoots with a thickness of at least 0.5 cm. Preference should be given to seedlings with a closed root system (in a planting container) - such plants take root with a survival rate close to 100%.

Industrial plantations with intensive agricultural technology

• in a row: 0.7 - 1.0 m.,
• between rows: 1.7 - 2.0 m.,

* The data are given under the condition of cultivation in private farms and manual processing of plantings.

A high density of plants (40-45 bushes per 1 hundred square meters) is possible only with intensive agricultural technology - drip irrigation, intensive top dressing, etc.

Krasnodar region

Risk factors: lack of moisture, dry winds,

Ways to solve the problem: late planting (until mid-December) with high-quality watering and mandatory mulching.

Northwest region

Risk factors: wetland,

Ways to solve the problem: landing in late October - early November (rainy period). Mulching is designed to protect the seedling from frost.

Risk factors: severe frosts and winds,

Ways to solve the problem: you need to take care of wind protection - correctly place the landing. All operations in the garden must be completed before the first frost. Be sure to mulch the beds and put up shields for snow retention.

It will not be superfluous to remind once again - all varieties must be zoned. For example, southern large-fruited early varieties accustomed to droughts will die in conditions of high humidity in the Northwest.

Properly (and at the optimal time) planting ensures good survival of seedlings and a quick start of growth processes in spring.

Features of the autumn planting of blackberries

Like most berry bushes, blackberry seedlings are best planted at the beginning or end of the growing season when the plants are dormant. The autumn planting method has some advantages:

• for successful rooting, blackberry bushes need warm earth, and in autumn the soil has not yet cooled down after summer,
• prolonged autumn rains allow you not to worry about watering young plants, since there is enough moisture,
• immediately after planting, the plant spends all its energy on high-quality rooting, trying to develop the root system to the maximum, and in the spring it immediately starts growing,
• next year you can expect the first harvest.

Blackberries are best planted in the fall, when the plant goes dormant.

A significant drawback of the autumn planting of blackberry seedlings is the possibility of freezing in winter.

There are no blackberries in my yard. Although a couple of years ago in the spring I tried to plant a bush. The sapling is well rooted and put out several new shoots. But he did not survive the winter, although the variety was quite frost-resistant and zoned for the Siberian climate. Believing the seller, I did not cover the plant for the winter.

Landing dates

The exact time of planting blackberry bushes is highly dependent on the local climate. The main thing is to place the plant in the ground for 20-30 days before the onset of real cold weather. The seedling should have time to take root well in a new place.

Blackberry seedlings should have time to take root before the onset of winter

In the northern regions with harsh climatic conditions, planting is carried out from the end of September until the first days of October. The mild warm climate of the southern regions allows you to push this period until November and even until mid-December.

A blackberry bush planted in autumn develops its root system until frost, when the soil temperature drops to -4 ° C.

Selection and preparation of a site for blackberries

Blackberries are in dire need of sun and warmth. For her, you need to select the sunniest area, which is protected from cold gusty winds from all sides. This berry bush feels very bad and does not take root well in arid places, it needs constant light moisture. But excess moisture, waterlogging and a close level of groundwater (above 1.5 m) are detrimental to the culture.

Best of all, blackberry bushes grow on moisture-intensive fertile rather heavy clay and loamy soils. Even on hot summer days, the earth should retain water well and not dry out. On sandy and stony, poorly retaining moisture, soils, a good harvest cannot be obtained.

Heavy clay calcareous soils rich in magnesium and calcium salts are not suitable for blackberries.

The area for blackberries needs to be dug up well

Approximately 2–3 weeks before planting, the area intended for blackberries should be weeded and dug to a depth of at least 0.45–0.5 m, simultaneously choosing the roots of perennial weeds. Then planting pits are prepared with a diameter of about 0.5–0.55 m and a depth of up to 0.5 m. The extracted fertile soil is mixed with:

• humus or rotted compost - 9–10 kg,
• superphosphate - 45–50 g,
• potassium sulfate - 25–50 g,
• wood ash - 100–150 g.

The resulting soil mixture fills the pit by 2/3 of the volume.

The planting pit is filled with mineral and organic fertilizers

You can make any autumn phosphorus-potassium mineral complexes with a minimum nitrogen content.

Step-by-step instructions for autumn planting blackberries

Direct landing work is carried out as follows:

Between individual specimens leave at least 3 m, the rows are placed at a distance of about 2 m from each other. When planting blackberries along a fence or wall of a building, it is necessary to retreat at least 1.5 m, as the bushes grow very strongly.

Video: features of the autumn planting of blackberries

Breeders have bred many varieties of winter-hardy and even thornless blackberries, so do not be afraid to plant this crop in your summer cottages. Subject to the rules of agricultural technology and appropriate care, you will be able to enjoy the taste of these beautiful berries even in the northern regions.

Watch the video: Answers to 21 questions about garden strawberries Tatyana. Secrets of good harvests. (November 2019).

» Blackberry

Blackberries are a distant relative of another berry crop - raspberries. The fruits of wild-growing blackberries are quite tasty, so it has recently become cultivated. Berries have a pleasant, slightly sour taste. They are juicy and are used both fresh and processed.. You can make delicious jams, compotes, jellies from blackberries. Drinks are also made from it - syrups, juices, liqueurs. In this article, we will take a closer look at how to transplant blackberries in spring and autumn.

Observing the rules of transplanting, blackberries can be transplanted at any time: both in spring and autumn.. It all depends on the climatic conditions of a particular region.

When transplanting blackberries in the spring this must be done before bud break. It is undesirable to disturb the plant in May. This month there is an active sap flow, and careless actions will damage the plant.

In autumn, the most favorable period for transplantation is the third decade of September - the beginning of October. They practice autumn transplantation in areas where early frosts are not so strong. For the winter blackberries must be covered - this also applies to frost-resistant varieties. Blackberries should be transplanted a month before the onset of frost. In this case, the plant will have time to adapt to new conditions.

Transplant in the spring

Some varieties of blackberries are recommended to be transplanted only in early spring. For example - thornless varieties. Blackberry roots are quite tender and brittle., therefore, it is important to transplant it along with a clod of earth. Then the blackberry will take root well and will not freeze.

Transplant blackberries in the spring in ways: division of the mother bush or root processes. These operations are carried out when the threat of return frosts has passed. Plants are planted with a distance between the bushes of 11 cm. The planting pit is well fertilized, but the blackberry roots should not come into direct contact with the fertilizer.

The soil under the blackberry bushes should be loose and well drained.

At the transplant site, all weeds are removed and furrows up to 30 cm deep are dug. Compost or old manure mixed with the ground is added to this trench. When transplanting, the roots of the plant are straightened, making sure that they are located horizontally, covered with earth and compacted. The upper kidney is placed at a height of 2 cm above the ground.

If a spring transplant is carried out with cuttings, they are laid in a prepared trench and covered with a layer of soil (up to 8 cm). Planting is covered with a layer of mulch, which includes sawdust, hay, humus.

Transplant in autumn

Autumn transplantation is practiced in areas where autumn is long and warm. In this case, the transplanted bush or cutting has time to adapt before frost. When transplanted in autumn, blackberries are covered for the winter. This also applies to frost-resistant varieties. Frost-resistant varieties cover, if frosts down to -20 degrees are possible. A simple climbing blackberry dies at -10 degrees below zero. Thin shoots are removed from the supports, twisted into bundles, laid on the ground and covered.

If an upright blackberry variety is grown, then shelter may be difficult. After all, when you try to bend the shoot, it easily breaks at the base. To prevent breakage of the stem, an artificial mound is poured at its base and shoots are already laid on it.

Another original way is to tie some kind of load to the upper end of the shoot. Under its action, by the beginning of frost, the shoot descends to the ground.

Shoots that are laid in one way or another are covered with sawdust, hay or straw. Dark-colored polyethylene or roofing felt is spread on top.

During autumn pruning, cuttings are harvested from lignified shoots that have matured well.

As for the summer blackberry transplant, opinions are divided. Any plant can be transplanted year-round. Therefore, if you do not feel sorry for the variety of grown blackberries - try it. Only, you need to follow some guidelines:

• carry out work either early in the morning or in the evening, after sunset.
• all actions must be done as quickly as possible. Dig up the plant and repot immediately. Blackberries in the open sun quickly wither and dry.
• better after transplant artificially shade a plant.
• first time needed irrigate abundantly transplanted bush.

How to transplant blackberries to a new place?

Buds develop on the annual shoots of blackberries, and fruiting begins only in the second year. The plant is unpretentious and takes root on any soil. A high-quality harvest depends, first of all, on the correct separation of fruiting and new shoots. According to the methods of separation of shoots, there are:

• forming a bush with a fan. Fruiting branches are directed to the sides, and new ones are formed in the center.

• rope formation. Branches with fruits grow along a stretched wire. New branches, similarly to the previous method, grow in the center.

• wave formation. One of the new ways. Branches with berries are placed on the lower rows, and young ones on the upper ones.

Before choosing a blackberry variety and placing it on the site, you need to familiarize yourself with the principles of planting it:

• for the bush is necessary prepare a pit 40x40 cm.
• roots are covered with simple soil. The rest of the pit is filled with earth mixed with manure.
• withstand distance between bushes up to 1 m.
• the seedling is cut at a height of 20-25 cm from the level of the soil.

Breeding can be carried out during the summer and autumn. Blackberry planting options are distinguished depending on its variety. creeping blackberry seated by dividing the mother bush, horizontal and apical outlets, cuttings. Ways to propagate upright blackberries- division of the mother bush, cuttings and root processes.

• rooting of apical outlets. The easiest and most common way to propagate blackberries. Any annual shoot with a growing end is pressed into the ground, fixed and covered with earth. The fixation site is constantly kept moist. The sprinkled end of the shoot does not grow, but begins to take root. After one or two months, new shoots appear, the root system is fully formed. The bush is cut off from the mother branch and transplanted.

If you delayed this operation and started it in August or September, then you will have to transplant only next spring. For the winter, the places of powder are covered with sawdust or leaves.

• rooting of horizontal branches. Under the bush loosen a horizontal strip of earth. An annual shoot is bent to it and strengthened. Sprinkle and maintain moisture in this place. After the same one or two months, they are cut off and cut into several pieces and transplanted.
• planting of root shoots. In spring, new shoots growing from the roots develop on the surface. At the same time, the connection with the mother bush is not lost. Green shoots are dug up from May to June. They dig them up with a clod of earth and transplant them to a new place. The height of the dug-out shoots should be from 10 cm. The remaining shoots are best removed when loosening the soil.
• division of the mother bush. This method is used if it is necessary to uproot the entire mother bush and transfer the blackberry to a new site. Old shoots with roots are destroyed, and only young ones with a developed root system are transplanted.
  

Caring for blackberries after transplanting

The main thing in the care of blackberries is the right place for planting, watering and timely feeding of the bushes. You need to plant a plant in a place where the soil under the bushes will warm up and there will be no stagnant water.

In the spring, stagnant water near the roots can lead to rotting of the plant.. The soil under the bushes must be kept loose.

In order for the bush to develop well, it is necessary to constantly feed with organic fertilizers.

When caring for blackberry bushes, the following recommendations must be observed:

• carry out a garter and pruning bushes.
• because blackberries are not hardy shoots cover for the winter. To do this, they are bent to the ground and sprinkled with leaves.
• to fight gall mites in autumn, diseased branches are cut and the bush is sprayed garlic infusion.
• recommended for hot summer days spray bushes with water in the evening. This helps young shoots to get stronger before winter.
• in spring, at the beginning of budding of shoots fertilize with potash fertilizers.

Blackberry is a plant with medicinal properties. The fruits contain nicotinic acid, vitamins and minerals. Acts as an antipyretic. For medicinal purposes, blackberries are used fresh, as jam and as tea. Berries and young leaves are used.

Blackberries are a tasty berry that is increasingly grown in gardens. Blackberries are not only very tasty, but also have a number of unique medicinal properties. In addition, planting and caring for garden blackberries is not at all difficult, even a novice gardening enthusiast can handle this task. Learn how to care for blackberries, how to propagate a shrub, how a berry is useful, get acquainted with popular varieties.

plant description

Blackberries are perennial shrubs cultivated in one place for 15-20 years or more. The world's blackberry cultivation area is the same as that of raspberries, except in cooler climates. Most of the landings are in North America, Chile and New Zealand. The largest European producers of blackberries are Serbia, Romania, Bulgaria. We have a blackberry is widely known as a wild plant, in this form it is usually prickly. Collection of fruits from such plants is limited and rather complicated. On personal plots, dachas, garden blackberries are grown - without thorns.

The underground part of the plant consists of the root system and the root collar, the above-ground part is replaced on average every 2 years. In the first year, shoots grow, on which lateral fruit-bearing branches appear the next year. Shoots can live longer than 2 years if the bushes are grown in warm climates. There are species with and without spikes.

In varieties with rising stems, their length reaches 2-3 meters, creeping blackberry shoots reach a length of 10 meters. The fruits ripen in mid-summer. In many regions, the cultivation of blackberries is not very popular due to the average frost resistance, but the constant selection of new varieties gives hope for a wider distribution of the berry.

Species and varieties

Blackberry is one of the most interesting and at the same time the most popular shrubs grown in our gardens. There are several types of blackberries. The most common:

• bushy (Rubus fruticosus) - also called kumanika;
• gray (Rubus caesius) - also called ozhina, azhina;
• folded (Rubus plicatus);
• common (Rubus vulgaris).

bushy

Bushy blackberry (Rubus fruticosus) - a species created by crossing several wild varieties. As a result of breeding, the resulting blackberry varieties have a more ordered shape, do not have thorns, so they are excellent even for small gardens. Growing blackberries in the garden is not at all troublesome, the berries will become a special delicacy.

A characteristic feature of these exceptional plants is strong, even shoots, completely devoid of thorns. The stems can have different lengths - in some varieties up to 5 meters, more often 3 meters. In May, the shrub blooms with small, not very attractive flowers that do not have decorative value, but attract many flying insects to the garden.

Growing blackberries in the garden is more focused on the delicious berries that appear in July. The mass harvest appears at the turn of August - September, when they are the sweetest. Blackberries are usually black or dark blue and resemble raspberries in shape. The berries have a slightly sour, unique taste, difficult to separate from the peduncle. Their dark red juice is very coloring. Blackberry leaf has a unique shape, dark green color, consists of 5-7 leaves.

Gray and folded

The bushy blackberry is not the only species to invite into the garden. Also good for growing gray and folded. They are easy to distinguish from bushy by the presence of thorns, but there are other differences. The gray and folded species are considered medicinal plants.

Sizaya is a small shrub that reaches a height of 110 cm and gives numerous strongly curved shoots that do not rise too high. The species is common, distributed in forests, produces more acidic fruits than bushy blackberries.

Folded - undersized shrub, less common.

The most valuable varieties of blackberries

Growing blackberries in the garden is possible thanks to the efforts of breeders who annually introduce more resistant, valuable varieties. Most varieties were created as a result of breeding work and only a few were selected from the natural environment. There are varieties with raised and lying, creeping shoots, with and without thorns.

Zoned blackberry varieties available for cultivation in all regions of Russia

Variety name	Ripening period	Bush	Berries	Productivity, c/ha	Peculiarities
Thornfree	Late	Undersized, semi-creeping, without thorns	Weight - 4.5-5.0 g, black, sweet	77,8	Frost resistance is weak, resistant to heat, drought. May be affected by gray mold.
Agawam	Early	Srednerosly, slightly sprawling, with thorns	Weight - 4.5-5.0 g, black, sweet and sour	99,8	Tolerates frost down to -25-30 °C. Does not tolerate heat well. May be affected by gray mold.
agate	Average	The bush is strong, without thorns	Weight - 4.8-6.3 g, black, sweet and sour	20,9	Resistant to heat, drought, frost down to -24 °C.

There are many other varieties available on the market. The remaining varieties are not released because they may not be hardy enough. However, due to the taste of the berries, they are sometimes chosen, especially in the warmer regions of the country. It is worth carefully protecting them from frost in winter, optimally with an agrotextile hood.

Popular American varieties - "Thornfree" (Thornfree), "Black Satin» (Black Satin) - on hard shoots, without thorns, not giving root shoots.

Variety "Thornfree" - photo

Variety "Black Satin" - photo

These varieties can be planted in regions with the mildest climate, because under variable conditions (periods of winter warming and subsequent frosts), the bushes are easily damaged by frost. In the Thornfri variety, freezing of the kidneys is observed at -10 ° C. The American 'Evergreen', a thornless, long shoot variety, is also prone to freezing and is grown in warmer regions.

Variety "Evergreen" - photo

Popular Polish variety "Orkan" (Orkan) - without thorns, with strong growth, not forming root shoots. The fruits are large (up to 5.7 g) with a sour taste. A variety with an average ripening time - a 50% harvest is collected by mid-August. On average, 3.5 kg of berries are harvested from a plant. The variety is recommended for quiet places, cultivation in high tunnels.

In 2003, the Polish variety "Gazda" (Gazda) appeared, forming shoots with a small number of thorns. Easily propagated by root layers, grows up to 2.5 m in height, forms strong arched shoots. Gives fruits in August-September on two-year-old shoots. The berries are medium in size, fragrant, very tasty. The collection is carried out every 3-5 days. Shoots are less susceptible to freezing.

Are there blackberry cultivars that are completely frost tolerant?

Unfortunately, the answer to this question is no. Even the most frost-tolerant blackberry varieties are only partially resistant. In practice, this means that at low temperatures down to -20 ° C and the accompanying intense winds, we cannot be sure of the fate of the bush. Often cultivars considered hardy are exposed to harsh weather conditions and produce smaller, lower quality fruits in their second year.

Taste and nutritional value of blackberries

In addition to the unusual taste, blackberries have other benefits. It is a unique source of unusual ingredients with beneficial healing properties. Berries can be used for various diseases. Blackberry leaf is a raw material for making a decoction that can be drunk during a cold, as it has a diaphoretic and antipyretic effect.

Blackberry fruits contain a lot of pectin, easily digestible sugars, organic acids (including ellagic acid), vitamins, minerals. The content of anthocyanins is higher than in raspberries. Blackberry fruits have anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antiviral effects.

Useful properties of blackberries:

• can help with diarrhea and various digestive disorders;
• contain antioxidants that fight free radicals;
• contain anthocyanins, can have a supporting effect on the circulatory system;
• rich in vitamin C, fiber;
• help to acquire a beautiful complexion;
• help take care of your eyes
• can slow down the aging process of the skin;
• help to relieve the symptoms of PMS and menopause;
• although blackberries are sweet, they are consumed by diabetics because they have a low glycemic index;
• suitable for creating a low-calorie, healthy, tasty dessert for dieters.

Just 1 glass a day will satisfy the body's needs for ascorbic acid - this is a rich source of vitamin C. Preparations can be prepared from berries and leaves.

Agricultural technology

Caring for blackberries is not much different from raspberries that bear fruit in summer.

Choice of landing site

Growing garden blackberries requires finding the right position. Only in full sun will blackberries be sweet, tasty. The shrub can be planted in a semi-shady place or even in deep shade (on the north side), but then it grows worse, the crop ripens later.

Bushes need to be well protected from gusty winds that can damage the shoots. This is especially true when fruiting begins, the berries can be damaged, especially if it rains. It used to be thought that it was best to grow blackberries in gardens located next to the forest, but this is not so - new varieties will be accepted everywhere.

Blackberries have an average sensitivity to frost, some varieties cannot survive in our conditions, so they should be covered before the onset of winter (plants tolerate frosts down to -15 ° C). It is advisable to plant a shrub against a wall in a sunny place or cover it. In cold regions, it is recommended to grow blackberries under cover. This minimizes losses due to adverse weather conditions and extends the harvest period.

• tomatoes,
• potato,
• pepper,
• raspberries,
• strawberries.

Because these plants can be infected by the same pathogens and pests.

Soil Requirements

The soil in which blackberry seedlings should be planted should be moist, but not waterlogged, as this can threaten the occurrence of fungal diseases.

Blackberries grow well in fertile, light soils. The soil must be permeable, dry quickly, and drain water. However, young seedlings do not tolerate even temporary drought; if necessary, regular watering is necessary.

Soil acidity:

• recommended pH - 6.0-7.0;.
• at an indicator below 5.5, the soil must be limed;
• above pH 8.0, plants may suffer from chlorosis caused by iron deficiency.

The landing site must be thoroughly weeded.

How to propagate garden blackberries - 4 ways

Blackberries rarely produce root shoots, depending on the species and variety. The plant usually propagates by rooting the tops of the current year's shoots by tilting and attaching them to the ground - this is a relatively simple procedure. If there is a healthy shrub, it is worth propagating it yourself. In addition, propagating blackberries is a great way to rejuvenate a plant that is about to be repotted.

Reproduction by horizontal layering

This is the simplest and most commonly used blackberry propagation method among gardeners. The best time for layering is spring. Shoots are selected that have reached a length of 70-150 cm. The shoot is bent to the surface of the earth, fixed with brackets. A fragment of the shoot below the top is covered with humus soil, pouring a mound 7-10 cm high (leaving the top of the shoot uncovered).

The dug part should take root before autumn. Then you can cut it off from the mother plant. At the end of autumn or next spring, the blackberry seedling can be transplanted to another place.

Cuttings of green shoots

The method is based on the rooting of the tops of the shoots, carried out from the end of June to August. It is necessary to cut off the young, non-lignified upper part of the shoot of the current year, along with several leaves (6-10 cm long). The lower leaves (2-3 leaves) are removed, the cutting is immersed in the rooter and planted in a permeable, sandy substrate.

The substrate must be constantly moistened. Cuttings should be well lit. It is better to cover the seedlings with glass. To avoid fungal disease, it is useful to spray the seedlings with a fungicide once a week.

After 5-8 weeks, rooted cuttings are prepared for transplanting into large pots - gradual hardening is carried out. The following spring, seedlings can be planted in open ground.

Propagation by woody cuttings

The method is often used in gardening. Cooked seedlings are definitely less susceptible to water loss than green cuttings and require less care. Lignified cuttings are cut in late autumn, when the plants finish their growing season. Annual shoots are cut to a length of 10-20 cm (the procedure is best done with a sharp knife, since the secateurs can “crush” the shoot). The cuttings are immersed in a rooter, then planted vertically in a permeable sandy substrate.

The cuttings are stored in the basement until spring (protecting them from freezing if necessary). The substrate should remain slightly damp. In the spring, rooted cuttings are transplanted into pots and slowly hardened. Seedlings are planted in open ground in autumn.

Propagation by root cuttings

It is necessary to carefully dig up the root layer, separate it from the mother plant. Layers are planted in open ground to a depth of 5 cm. In the spring, shoots should grow from sleeping buds.

Landing

It is recommended to buy seedlings in specialized nurseries. Blackberries are often grown in 1-2 copies in gardens near the house or in a summer cottage. When planning larger plantings, it is necessary to find the appropriate area and determine the distance between plants. The distance depends on the condition of the shrubs, their type of growth (raised stems or recumbent) and technology. Usually blackberry bushes are planted at a distance of 1.5-2 meters from each other, because they grow quickly and require a lot of space.

Optimal distance:

• between rows - 2.5-4 m;
• for varieties with raised stems - in a row at a distance of 0.6-1.2 meters;
• varieties with creeping shoots - up to 1.8 meters;
• when growing on a trellis, it is necessary to provide a support height of at least 1.5-2 meters.

Landing steps:

1. Before planting, a hole is dug larger than the root ball. At the bottom of the pit, fertile soil is poured with the addition of peat.
2. Damaged roots are removed before planting.
3. The plant is placed in a hole, covered with soil and the soil is compacted around the bush, creating a "bowl" for watering.
4. Immediately after planting the blackberry, the bush should be watered abundantly - pouring in at least 3-5 liters of water.
5. After planting, the shoots are cut at a height of 30-40 cm. It is not recommended to let the plant bear fruit in the first year due to the high risk of weakening the bush.

Blackberries can be planted in spring or autumn, grown in containers - throughout the growing season. The shoots are carried out along the horizontal wires of the trellis, separately - the shoots of the current year and separately fruiting. You can grow blackberries on stakes 1.5 meters high. Shoots are tied in several places to a peg.

Blackberries grown on stakes are easier to protect in cold winters, and this form is recommended for low frost-tolerant varieties.

fertilizers

To successfully grow blackberries, the soil must be rich in organic matter, so it is advisable to enrich it with compost, manure or multi-component fertilizers before planting. Thanks to fertilizers, seedlings will be better accepted. Before planting, manure is applied at a dose of 400 kg / weave and the soil is dug up.

Doses of mineral fertilizers are determined on the basis of a chemical analysis of the soil. The averages are as follows:

• Nitrogen. Nitrogen fertilizer at a dose of 300-600 g N per one hundred square meters is given in early spring, when the ground is already thawing. In the first and second years, fertilizer can be sown in rows, in subsequent years - over the entire surface.

Do not use too much nitrogen, as this will increase the blackberry's susceptibility to fungal diseases.

• Potassium. Potash fertilizers are applied from the third year after planting, in the fall at a dose of 500-800 g K 2 O per hundred square meters.
• Phosphorus. Phosphorus preparations do not need to be applied if they are applied before planting.
• Calcium. If overzealous with liming the soil, blackberries can suffer from chlorosis caused by a significant decrease in iron absorption, then chelates should be used.

Watering, mulching

The amount of precipitation falling in most regions is sufficient for the proper development of plants. Blackberries, thanks to their deep root system (much deeper than raspberries), cope well with temporary water shortages. During periods of drought, watering is necessary.

Growing blackberries requires mulching to keep the soil moist and prevent weed growth.

Care in spring and summer

Growing garden blackberries is quite demanding, especially in the beginning. Young plants need to be watered frequently, because even a temporary lack of water is harmful. At a later stage, you don't have to worry so much about watering, the plants are only irrigated on warm, hot days, during the standard watering of the garden.

In spring, it is advisable to fertilize blackberries regularly every few weeks, preferably using complex formulations such as NPK, that is, containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, which maintain an appropriate soil pH and make the plant strong.

Fertilization of young plants is not required if the site is prepared with manure or compost.

How to prune a blackberry?

Garden blackberry care necessarily includes pruning, thanks to which the bushes quickly thicken and bear fruit. In the first year, pruning garden blackberries is not needed.

In the second year, the first pruning is carried out after harvest.

Wintering

Some varieties of blackberries tolerate cold well, but they should be protected from frost. Shoots are laid on the ground and covered with leaves, branches of coniferous trees, burlap or high-quality winter agrotextiles. You can make small earthen mounds around the root collar - thanks to this, the roots of the plant will be better protected. This is important because in the event of a very cold winter, the plant may die.

Frozen, dead two-year-old shoot - photo

Frozen two-year-old shoot - photo

Harvesting

The fruits are harvested at full maturity. From one bush you can get a crop of 5-10 kg. Harvesting is carried out daily, taking into account the collective maturity of the berries for 3-6 days, depending on the weather and variety. The berries are not pulled like raspberries, but are cut from the bush. Berries usually ripen in mid-summer.

Protection against diseases and pests

Unfortunately, blackberries can be affected by diseases and pests.

Diseases

Shrubs can affect diseases:

• anthracnose,
• white leaf spot,
• verticillosis,
• root rot.

Major pests

The most common pests:

• blackberries are often eaten by birds, which forces the use of protective nets;
• raspberry-blackberry aphid,
• thrips,
• ticks,
• blackberry mite.

Prevention and control measures:

1. it is necessary to cut off the infected parts of plants, burn them;
2. it is necessary to maintain a sufficient distance, not to compact the landing;
3. do not create a microclimate favorable for pathogenic microorganisms;
4. do not fertilize too much with nitrogen, which reduces immunity to fungal diseases;
5. thorough weeding.

Blackberry mite - the cause of unripe blackberries

Gardeners are surprised that red berries appear on the bushes, which never turn black. The cause of the phenomenon is a blackberry mite. This happens with varying intensity every year.

The blackberry mite (Acelitus essigi) is one of the smallest pests of the four-legged superfamily. The body of the tick is white, spindle-shaped, with two pairs of legs. Adults are 0.16-0.18 mm long, eggs are small with a diameter of about 0.03 mm. In winter, pests can be found on blackberry shoots, as well as in mummified fruits damaged in the previous season that remain on the bushes. In the spring, when the blackberry vegetation begins, the mites gradually leave their wintering grounds and migrate to the underside of the developing young leaves, where they begin to feed. Females lay their eggs on leaves, where the hatched larvae then feed. Later, the larvae migrate to the emerging flower buds. They feed on flowers and developing fruits. At the end of summer and autumn, they gather inside the buds at the growing points. The larvae can easily hibernate, and resume feeding in the spring.

The tick sucks plant juices, the greatest damage is caused by the introduction of toxic compounds with saliva into the tissues of the fruit buds, which causes disturbances in the process of fruit ripening. Blackberry mite is the cause of unripe blackberries (photo).

Fruits (or parts thereof) damaged by mites are hard, bright red, sour and remain so until winter. Healthy fruits change color to dark, become soft, turning into full-fledged dessert berries. The first crop has fewer damaged berries than the next. The most damaged berries are observed in the last harvests. Losses depend on the number of mites on the bushes, which is influenced by weather conditions, temperature (usually a temperature of about 20 ° C is suitable for mites), which determines the time of development of individual stages of the pest.

In new plantations, mites are transferred along with cuttings (this is the main source of pests on young plants). During the growing season, they are spread by wind, rain, and can be transmitted by insects and other types of mites that pass from infected plants to healthy ones.

Control measures

The basic rule is to use healthy cuttings. If there are mite-infested bushes growing nearby, it is best to dig them up and burn them so that they are not a source of infection for young, healthy bushes. After harvesting the fruits, cut and burn the old shoots. Do not leave infected fruits on the bushes for the winter. These methods can significantly reduce the source of spread of ticks on the site.

Sometimes it is necessary to apply chemical control measures. It is not easy, it is difficult to achieve high efficiency of treatment. Chemical treatment of blackberries can be carried out in the spring, when the pest leaves winter shelters and begins to feed on leaves. It should be fought before flowering and, if necessary, at the beginning of flowering and after flowering. It is very important to prevent the pest from feeding on flowers and fruit buds.

Reducing the number of mites is achieved by spraying with acaricides - Omite 30 WP (0.2-0.23%), Torque 50 WP (0.12%), Magus 200 SC (0.09%), Ortus 05 SC (0.1- 0.15%). The treatment should be carried out carefully so that the liquid with the drug reaches the underside of the leaves, the corners of the leaves and flower buds where the mites hide. Before spraying, carefully read the instructions for use of the drug, paying special attention to toxicity, and observe the waiting period for people. The mentioned acaricides simultaneously fight the spider mite.

Conclusion

Growing blackberries is very easy. The shrub will not take up too much space in the garden and will produce many tasty and healthy berries that can be frozen, canned, added to desserts, or eaten straight from the bush.

Planting blackberries in the spring is carried out if the shrub was not planted in the fall. To do this, you should choose the best time, focusing on weather conditions. If you perform the deepening of the selected seedling at an earlier date, but the root system may freeze when return frosts occur in the spring months.

Planting is recommended in the middle of spring, at a time when the air temperature is kept at +15 C, and the soil warms up to a depth of 10-12 cm. Such degrees of air have a beneficial effect on the development of the root system of a young seedling, it grows faster.

Attention! A favorable time for planting blackberries is mid-March and the last days before April. Most regions have already felt the breath of spring, and the ground has begun to warm up.

It is best to focus not on a specific date, but on weather conditions and return frosts. If March turns out to be cold and cloudy, then it is better to postpone the rooting of the shrub until warm sunny days.

Advantages and disadvantages of planting in the spring

Planting blackberries in the spring is carried out as needed. Landing has its advantages and disadvantages. And those and others are revealed in almost equal numbers. Therefore, the farmer will have to decide when it is better to plant a young seedling or cutting.

Advantages of spring planting:

1. Planting in the spring allows the plant to quickly grow new roots, take root normally, without worrying that cold may suddenly come.
2. Planting is carried out in the warm season, so you can immediately see a viable plant or not, how blooming buds grow.
3. It is possible to control the rooting of the plant - to moisten in a timely manner, to make mineral and organic top dressing.

The disadvantages of planting are warm weather, which does not allow moisture to linger in the ground for a long period. Therefore, if watering is not carried out in time, the shrub will quickly dry out under the scorching rays of the sun.

Important! The shrub, in addition to the root system, develops the ground part. If the blackberry does not have enough strength to stretch both the emerging roots and the growing foliage, it may die without taking root.

In the spring, seedlings or cuttings are sold that were not sold in the autumn. It is better to choose from trusted suppliers or from those who give guarantees for a quality product. Otherwise, there is a chance to restore the seedling, which was destroyed in the fall.

Therefore, before carrying out work on planting blackberry seedlings, you should carefully weigh all the pros and cons, so that later you do not regret the lost time and the lost seedling.

When to plant blackberries - in spring or autumn

Each period is good for planting in its own way. It is impossible to say with certainty that planting blackberries in the fall is the best time. At the same time, spring also has its disadvantages for rooting seedlings.

In addition, planting before winter hardens, stimulates the production of immunity. But if it is incorrect to calculate the optimal planting dates, the seedling will not have time to prepare for wintering and will freeze at the first drop in air degrees.

Important! Spring planting to a new place of residence stimulates the plant to develop faster, produce young roots and tender leaves. At this time, it is easier to control the state of landings. But with improper care, there is a chance of losing a seedling due to drought or an invasion of diseases and pests.

Video: blackberry planting time - when is it better to plant

How to plant in spring: features and step by step instructions

Blackberry can not be called a demanding plant. It is recommended to plant it with the fulfillment of certain requirements for a certain rooting depth. The closest neighbors should be taken into account, because not all shrubs can get along. Otherwise, it will be crushed by larger plants.

What should be a seedling

When choosing a blackberry stalk for planting, you should carefully consider it. Do not buy from the hands of the mass markets. Such a culture should be purchased in specialized stores or in proven nurseries.

When buying, it is recommended to pay attention to the root system of the seedling, it should be sufficiently developed - 3-4 roots no less than 10 cm in length, as well as a basal bud. The ground part of the plant should be 2 stems with green leaves.

Attention! If the rhizomes are open, then their structure should be healthy, without rotten parts. The stem should not have mechanical damage or wrinkled areas of the bark, which indicate that the seedling has been dug out of the ground for a long time.

Before purchasing, it is recommended to do a seedling test - gently pry off the bark on the trunk. If the cut is green, then the stalk will take root well, if it is brown, money and time have been wasted. In the latter version, the seedling can no longer be reanimated.

If you want to propagate blackberries yourself, then you can read this in this article!

Landing place

For planting, you need to choose a sunny site. In the shade, blackberries can grow, but their shoots will stretch strongly and bear small fruit. The main factor for good growth is the absence of areas with prolonged stagnation of accumulated moisture after watering or rain.

Attention! A strong wind can cause mechanical damage to the plant, so it is better to place the bush under the fence or on the south side of the building.

What can not be planted

Blackberries are not recommended to be planted in places where vegetables were previously grown. On the roots of these plants, there may be a disease dangerous for shrubs - late blight (or phytoflora). It remains in the ground and, if possible, moves to an unprotected young plant.

A good neighbor of blackberries will be raspberries, because. crop care and their requirements for growing conditions are very similar.

What kind of soil is needed

The best option for the growth and development of blackberry seedlings will be light, fertile loamy soil. It is surprising to note that the plant prefers acidic soil. The best option for her would be to keep the shrub on the ground with a pH level of 6-6.7.

How deep to plant

For planting, a recess in the ground is preliminarily prepared. It should be dug to the level of 40x40x40 cm. Such a depth is necessary in order to apply mineral and organic fertilizers to the middle of the pit, and then place an earthen ball with a grown cutting.

The distance between seedlings should not be less than 1.5 meters. Between the rows, a passage of 2.5 m should be adhered to. Such an area will allow, if necessary, to install supports and move freely between overgrown shrubs.

How and what to fertilize before planting

A pre-prepared pit for a blackberry seedling should include not only garden soil, but also top dressing. The latter has a positive effect on the development of cuttings or seedlings after they have been placed in a new place of residence.

The following additives are added to the soil:

1. rotted manure - up to 6 kg;
2. potassium - up to 60 gr.;
3. phosphate - up to 150 gr.

All ingredients are mixed with garden soil. The amount of soil to be filled should not exceed half of the recess. The preparation of the pit should be carried out long before the planned planting work, so that the additives have time to soak into the soil.

Pay attention! The minimum period from the moment of soil preparation to planting is 1.5 months.

Landing methods

If the plant is purchased with open roots, then planting work should be done in a short time. If the seedling is previously planted in the ground and is in a flowerpot, then rooting can wait until warm weather.

The following planting methods are distinguished depending on the external state of the plant:

1. Open root system - rhizomes are viewed, if necessary, damaged or diseased areas are removed, sections are sprinkled with ash or activated charcoal. When installing a seedling in a recess, all roots should be neatly straightened. They are sprinkled with earth, as they deepen, the seedling should be slightly shaken so that the soil fills all the hollow spaces near the roots.
2. The seedling is in the ground - the plant should not be removed from the ground, the earth should not be shaken off the roots. Before transplanting, it is abundantly watered so that a clod of earth easily jumps out of the flowerpot. After the seedling is placed in the middle of the dug hole and sprinkled with earth. The surface should be lightly tamped.

Thus, planting blackberries is carried out in 2 ways. For 2-3 years, additional mineral fertilizers should not be applied. The plant has enough of those nutrients that were laid at the time of planting.

Video: how to plant blackberries in spring in open ground

Care after landing

Crop care provides for periodic watering as needed and during periods of dry summer. Excessive irrigation should not be carried out due to the fact that the shrub does not tolerate swampy soils, which leads to the death of the root system.

Important! A mandatory procedure is the loosening and removal of weeds. In addition, during loosening, the soil is saturated with the necessary oxygen. Also, the procedure has a beneficial effect on the rapid penetration of moisture deep into the roots.

Mulching is also recommended. It contributes to less evaporation of nutrient moisture from under the shrub. In addition, the mulch blocks the germination of weeds and during fruiting does not allow the branches to fit on the ground. The latter provokes rotting of the fruit and the acquisition of pathogenic bacteria. In autumn, it is imperative to carry out preparatory work for winter.

Landing features in different regions

Blackberry is a southern plant, it is mainly planted in warm climates. Therefore, its cultivation in the Middle lane and in the northern regions did not always have positive results.

So, in the suburbs, it is recommended to plant blackberries immediately after warm days have come. Be sure to cover it for the winter and fertilize it in every possible way. Planting of young cuttings is carried out mainly in late March - mid-April.

In the zone of risky farming - in the Volga region, in order to achieve ripe and large berries, you will have to try. Landing is delayed until warm. For rooting, you should focus on weather conditions.

Siberia and the Urals have not been a place for growing southern berries for a long period of time. All attempts ended in failure. This continued until new selective varieties with increased frost resistance were developed. Only after that, in these regions, it became possible to grow blackberries. But planting in these regions is usually not carried out in the spring due to the fact that the event is carried out in early June, and the berries ripen at the moment when frosts occur. Therefore, the bulk of the crop is lost.

Types and varieties of blackberries

There are about 200 types of blackberries, two of them are common in our country:

1. Bushy blackberry, or kumanika - a bush covered with thorns, has sloping stems. The berries are sweet and sour, with a blue-violet color.
2. Gray Blackberry (Ozhina) - a bush with straight shoots with small thorns, like a raspberry, covered with a whitish coating. The berries are rather small, covered with a bluish bloom.

To date, more than 40 varieties of cultivated blackberries are known, we will name the most famous of them:

The benefits and harms of blackberries

Useful properties of blackberries:

• Due to the large amount of vitamin C, blackberries are an excellent remedy for strengthening the immune system. In addition, it has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties.
• Decoctions of blackberry berries and leaves are used to treat diseases of the stomach and intestines, including gastritis.
• An infusion of leaves is used to lower blood pressure and treat atherosclerosis.
• Studies have shown that blackberries prevent the development of cancerous tumors.

What harm to the body can blackberries cause?

1. For all its merits, blackberries are a strong allergen, so it should not be consumed by people prone to allergic reactions to foods.
2. The berry will not bring benefits to people suffering from kidney disease and high acidity.

How to collect, consume and store blackberries?

1. Blackberries begin to ripen in August. In this case, as a rule, the bush is picked in batches, about 10 times per season.
2. Ripe, but not overripe, the berry should be firm to the touch and have a black color with a reddish tint.
3. Harvest blackberries only in dry sunny weather. This is best done in the morning when the dew dries on the fruit.
4. The berry should be picked along with the stalk, otherwise it will doubt and quickly give juice.
5. Blackberries can be stored in the refrigerator for up to 4 days. At a temperature of 0 degrees, the berries remain fresh for up to three weeks.
6. Blackberries can be dried and frozen. It is not recommended to wash the berries before drying.
7. Best of all, blackberries are combined with pastries, any dairy products and berries.

Characteristics of thornless blackberry

A shrub with slightly oblong berries, it mainly has straight shoots stretching to the top. Sometimes sprouts spread on the ground. The fruits are mostly dark in color, but there are varieties with red or yellow berries. Blackberries bloom from the second month of summer. Such late flowering prevents the inflorescences from freezing during spring frosts.

Blackberries are distinguished by their abundance of crops. The combination of vitamins and minerals that are part of the berries gives it healing properties. The thornless blackberry is rich in carotene and contains potassium, calcium and sodium. The berry is also endowed with magnesium, iron, phosphorus, nickel, copper and barium and chromium.

The fruits of a perennial shrub are famous for the presence of fructose, glucose, as well as organic acids, fiber and pectins.

Such berries have medicinal qualities:

• have antipyretic properties;
• improve metabolism;
• strengthen immunity;
• restore the work of the gastrointestinal tract.

The juice of these medicinal fruits heals wounds and many skin diseases. And the leaves of the shrub are used as an astringent diuretic and anti-inflammatory agent.

Sometimes people who eat blackberries may experience vomiting and indigestion. Such symptoms are caused by allergic effects and intolerance to the berry in some cases.

Features of planting and growing

To plant a thornless blackberry, you need lit and well-warmed up places in the sun. Such bushes are best grown in areas protected from the winds. For favorable cultivation of berries, soil of fertile varieties and soil moisture are required.

Care should be taken that the roots of the plant do not get wet. Excess moisture adversely affects the development of shrubs, and reduces the quality and volume of the crop. The content of limestone in the soil leads to leaf disease.

Blackberries are planted without thorns in spring or late autumn. The choice of season depends on the characteristics of the harvested varieties. Seedlings with high frost resistance can be planted in autumn, and plants with reduced winter hardiness in winter.

Before planting, the root system of seedlings is slightly shortened. Quite long root processes are cut and damaged and damaged parts are removed. The landing recess usually reaches fifty centimeters in depth. A mixture of humus and compost is added to the hole. Wood ash is sprinkled on top, and lime is mixed with soil with high acidity.

A straight-growing plant is placed in a row at intervals of one meter with a row spacing of up to two meters, and the varieties spreading on the ground are separated in a row with an interval of up to four meters and a row spacing of about three meters. Carefully placed and well sprinkled seedlings in the pits are watered. For convenient soil moistening, a hole is created around each bush. From above, the soil is sprinkled with straw or sawdust.

Regular top dressing of the bushes leads to a rich harvest. Every year in the spring, the land around the plant is fertilized with humus and ammonium nitrate. In summer, it is good to add diluted bird droppings or manure to the soil. In autumn, the soil is enriched with superphosphate and wood ash.

You may also be interested in the following articles about blackberries:

• Description of blackberry agave.
• Why are there a lot of flies on blackberries and what to do with them?
• Details about the blackberry variety Black Satin.

Growing thornless blackberries is not difficult. It is necessary to properly care for the bushes and monitor the condition of the plant. In creating suitable conditions for the growth of shrubs, it is necessary:

• regular saturation of the soil with moisture;
• removal of young shoots;
• thinning of overgrown bushes;
• establishing a support for tying shoots;
• shrub formation;
• loosening the soil and removing weeds.

Cooking and caring for bushes in winter

Blackberries are not very hardy to frost and preparing the plant for winter is of great importance. The berries of this crop are formed on the shoots of the previous year, and the freezing of the upper part of the bush leads to a lack of harvest.

Before the cold weather, the shoots that have been bearing fruit for two years are removed. Extra new branches are removed. To avoid excessive stretching of the bushes in height, pinch the upper parts of the stems. This action will allow the processes on the sides to develop and gain strength. Old stems are cut at the root so that pests settle on them.

Blackberry propagation methods

Breeding thornless blackberries is carried out in several ways:

1. Seed cultivation is an easy way to sow seeds in the ground. This process requires watering and fertilizing. Breeding through seeds does not preserve the varietal characteristics of the crop.
2. Reproduction by rooted tops or green cuttings - the procedure for plucking processes with seals at the ends. This method is performed by sprinkling the shoots with earth until they are completely rooted. Subsequently, a sprout ready for independent life is separated from an adult bush.
3. Breeding with green summer or autumn shoots that are already stiff. This method can also be performed by cuttings with roots formed in greenhouses. To do this, you need to place the roots horizontally in the ground for at least a year. Landing is carried out at a depth of about ten centimeters.
4. The breeding of blackberries with the help of shoots begins in July. To do this, it is necessary to lay out long branches around the shrub, without separating them from the parent plant. With a sharp blade, several cuts are made on the shoots. All sprouts are sprinkled with soil at a depth of ten centimeters, leaving the top with leaves. Roots grow under the buds in the recesses, and young shoots form on top. In autumn, the sprouts are separated and transplanted to a certain place.
5. Reproduction by air layering is carried out by wrapping grafted places with cellophane. Earth is poured into the entwined material, and the entire structure in the form of a sleeve is tied across. Moisture is supplied through an injection with a syringe. Through the film, you can see the stages of development of the root processes. After a month, cuttings with roots can be separated and seated.

Thornless Blackberry Varieties

Recently, some varieties of thornless blackberries have been quite popular.

loch ness

Loch Ness is a common variety that is famous for its rich yield. Berries reach a weight of up to five grams and have excellent taste properties. Fruit picking is carried out from mid-August until the first frost. The harvest is well preserved and does not deteriorate during transportation.

Thorn Free

Thorn Free is a high-yielding variety that has a strong massive bush. Shoots spread and form large dark berries weighing about five grams. The fruits begin to sing in July. The last crop is harvested at the end of summer. The plant is disease resistant.

Black Satin

Black Satin is a shrub with a very high yield. Refers to varieties with straight-growing shoots. The fruits are black and tasty. Harvesting falls at the end of summer.

Navajo

Navajo - bushes of high fruiting. The fruits are large, shiny, dark in color. The berries ripen in August. Fruiting lasts about a month. The variety has good frost resistance.

Blackberry cultivation

Starting from 2-3 years of life, the blackberry bush is distinguished by its unique unpretentiousness, it can bear fruit regardless of sunlight, during frosts and droughts. To achieve this effect, the planting technology should be fully observed, as it directly affects the health of the plant and yield.

Landing dates

Unlike other members of the Rose family, planting blackberries is best done in the spring, after the soil has warmed up and the last frost has ended. In the regions of the middle lane, bushes are planted from late April to early May, in the north it is advisable to postpone planting until the end of May or even the beginning of June.

Variety selection

Today, dozens of varieties of garden blackberries have been bred, differing in yield, fruiting period, features of the bush and berries. For small household plots and industrial plantations, thornless blackberries are usually used, since this greatly simplifies the process of care and harvesting.

The most productive crop varieties are Loch Ness, Thorne Free, Black Satin and Navajo. For the northern regions, it is advisable to choose frost-resistant and unpretentious varieties of blackberries, for example, Eldorado, Erie, Snyder, Darrow and others.

Seedling preparation

Acquired planting material should preferably be planted as soon as possible. If within 5-7 days after the purchase there is no opportunity to plant, they should be removed in a dark and cool place. During the day, the seedlings must be removed from the package, the bottom part must be cleaned of the dry crust, and then soaked in water for 8-10 hours and transferred to the growth stimulator for another 4-5 hours.

The most effective means to improve rooting are Kornevin, Etamon, Zircon or Heteroauxin. Fungicide treatment is not required at this stage.

Annual seedlings are recommended to be purchased only in specialized nurseries, planting material should have a developed root system and at least two stems with a thickness of 0.5 cm in diameter, there must be a formed bud on the roots.

How to choose a place?

For growing blackberries, it is advisable to choose a well-lit place, protected from strong winds. Bushes are usually planted next to fences or a blank wall of the house.

Strong gusts of wind can not only injure leaves and berries, but reduce the quality of pollination of flowers. It is not recommended to plant blackberries on a flat area, the best yield is noted on a slope. Best of all, the culture bears fruit on well-drained and light soils, the optimal solution is nutritious loamy or sandy loamy soil.

You should not plant plants on carbonate soils, as blackberries react sharply to a lack of iron and magnesium. The recommended acidity level is 6 pH. The occurrence of groundwater should be located no closer than 1.5 meters to the surface.

Antecedent cultures

Crop rotation is an important requirement for growing any crop. Legumes and pumpkin plants, beets and carrots are suitable as predecessors. It is not recommended to plant a bush in a place where raspberries or other varieties of blackberries used to grow.

Soil preparation

The site for planting blackberries should be prepared in advance. About 6 months before planting a bush, you need to completely clear the soil of weeds and dig the ground to the depth of a shovel bayonet.

In autumn, complex top dressing is applied - organic fertilizers (10 kg of mullein, bird droppings or humus per 1 m2), as well as mineral compounds (15 g of superphosphate, 25 g of potassium sulfate per 1 m2). If you regularly fertilize the soil, then the amount of top dressing should be halved, especially organic. Nitrogen formulations are not recommended yet, as this will enhance the growth of leaves, and not shoots and fruiting buds.

How to plant in open ground?

Blackberries are planted in individual pits 40 × 40 cm in size and up to 45 cm deep, which is optimal for the powerful root system of the plant. The distance between the bushes should be from 80 cm, but for some varieties with spreading shoots it can be increased to 1.5 m.

After this preparation, you can proceed directly to landing:

1. Lay compost at the bottom of the hole, over which you need to pour a little earth to avoid direct contact with the roots.
2. Gently place the prepared blackberry seedling into the hole to the depth of the root neck, gradually filling it with soil. Each layer needs to be slightly compacted.
3. Water the plant. Blackberry is a moisture-loving crop, one bush needs at least 5 liters of water. It is recommended to introduce water gradually as the roots fall asleep with earth.
4. The aerial part of the bush is cut off with a sharp pruner, leaving 2-3 healthy and strong buds. The procedure will accelerate the growth and development of the plant.

After planting, the soil will sag slightly, so it is worth adding a little substrate after 2-3 days so as not to expose the root part of the plant. You can not overdo it, because if planted too deep, the growth of replacement shoots slows down in blackberries, which can lead to the death of the bush.

Care for successful cultivation

After planting, blackberries should be watered as the top layer of soil dries out; for young bushes, the optimal amount of watering is 5-7 liters per plant. Even at the planting stage, it is recommended to carry out mulching - this facilitates the subsequent removal of weeds and loosening.

Feeding and processing

Once a season, you need to apply complex fertilizers to activate growth, it is advisable to use ready-made liquid formulations for horticultural crops, which can be found in any specialized store.

If you use single-component fertilizers, then they are applied in the following proportions:

• nitrogen compounds (ammonium nitrate or urea) - 20 g / m2;
• potash fertilizers - 40 g / m2;
• phosphates - 50 g / m2.

Blackberries respond well to organic fertilizers, among which mullein is very popular. Some gardeners use it as a mulch, which simplifies the feeding process.

In the first year, treatment for diseases and pests is required only if the first signs of infection appear. However, subject to the agrotechnics of planting and quality care, blackberries rarely suffer from diseases.

Tapestry installation

Already in the first year of the life of the bush, trellises should be installed, which are important for tying fruit-bearing shoots. To do this, use strong columns up to 2 meters in height, which are dug in from both sides of the plant. Three rows of rope or galvanized wire are pulled on them - at a distance of 65, 125 and 180 cm. After that, the shoots must be constantly directed to avoid chaotic growth.

Bush formation

Most varieties of garden blackberries do not produce a crop in the first year, in order to get berries in the next season, tweezing of the main young shoots that have reached a length of up to 120 cm should be carried out. They should be shortened by 10-12 cm, side branches are pruned as they grow, starting from 50 cm. If the procedure is carried out correctly, at the end of summer the bush should look well-groomed and neat.

Shelter

A plot with blackberry bushes should be shaded from direct sunlight, which adversely affects the formation and ripening of fruits. Abundant lighting can spoil the presentation of the berries, they will become faded and light.

To avoid this, on especially sunny days, shading nets should be pulled on the site; they can be removed at night. Shelter of bushes for the winter period is required only when grown in the northern regions, as well as when planting heat-loving varieties.

Blackberry propagation

Most often, garden blackberries are propagated by the vegetative parts of the bush, but the seed method can also be used to preserve varietal characteristics or increase the planting of unique varieties. Let's take a closer look at each of them.

layering

Suitable for varieties with long lateral branches and a spreading bush. Algorithm for propagation by horizontal layering:

1. In the first decade of August, a furrow is prepared with a depth of up to 15-17 cm. A healthy one-year-old shoot is laid in it, and sprinkled with earth on top. The branch from the mother bush does not need to be cut, and the upper kidney must be left on the surface.
2. The place where the layers are located is pressed down with a heavy object or pinned with a wire.
3. The soil is mulched with fallen leaves or sawdust, and then watered abundantly with warm, settled water.
4. Rooting occurs within 60-65 days. After that, the shoots can be carefully cut off from the mother bush, dug up and planted in a permanent place along with a clod of earth.

To increase the chances of rooting, the procedure must be carried out on several bushes at once. The mother plant must be at least 2 years old.

shoots

Propagation of blackberries by apical shoots is the easiest way to increase crop planting. It is best used for breeding adults and strong bushes.

To do this, in the fall, the top of the shoot is tilted down and dug into the ground. Pruning is not required, but to improve the rooting process, the cambium should be slightly incised. In the spring, the seedling can be separated from the bush and transplanted to a permanent place.

offspring

You can also propagate a blackberry bush by root offspring. This method is not suitable for hybrid and large-fruited crop varieties.

Step-by-step instruction:

1. You need to choose a healthy and high-yielding blackberry bush that has been growing in one place for more than 3 years.
2. In spring or early summer, the offspring are dug up along with the root system and a clod of earth. The optimal height of the seedling is 10-15 cm.
3. Planting material is planted on a prepared picking bed for subsequent growing. After the bush reaches 50-70 cm, it can be transplanted to a permanent place.
4. Transplantation is carried out in late August or early autumn. To do this, choose the most developed shoots that have reached a thickness of 8 cm or more. The recommended length of the root system is 15-17 cm.
5. Before planting, the seedling is cut to 35 cm, planted according to the standard algorithm.

After transplanting, the plant needs to be mulched, watered and inorganic fertilizers applied, it is not recommended to use organic matter, as this leads to the appearance of rodents and pests.

Root and green cuttings

Scheme for obtaining cuttings plants

Cuttings are not suitable for thornless varieties, as the daughter plant loses varietal qualities, thorns appear and yields decrease. It is advisable to transplant root cuttings in early spring or late autumn.

To do this, the bush is dug up along with the root, and then it is divided into parts, leaving up to 60 cm of the root system. Each cutting must be at least 0.5 cm thick. Subsequent planting in a permanent place occurs according to the standard scheme described above.

Propagation by green cuttings is more suitable for experienced gardeners, since it is not always possible to achieve the optimal level of rooting. To do this, in July, 1/3 of the length is cut from a green and healthy shoot, leaving at least one bud and leaf.

The branch must be treated with a growth stimulator and slightly cut the top layer of the bark. After that, the seedling is planted in an individual peat pot and covered with polyethylene. The root system is formed within 30-35 days, after which the plant is transplanted to a permanent place.

seeds

The seed propagation method of blackberries is suitable for rare varieties or hybrid varieties of the crop. It is not recommended for the northern regions, where it is more difficult to achieve rooting of planting material.

Before planting, it is required to prepare a peat container, where light and fertile soil is placed. Seeds are immersed in water for 2-3 hours, after which they are placed in a damp cloth for 3 days.

Planting material should swell slightly, after which it can be planted in a pot to a depth of 1 cm. Containers with seedlings are placed in a cool place for 2 months, and during this time moderate watering and ventilation should be carried out regularly.

After the emergence of seedlings, containers with blackberries are transferred to a warmer place. A pick to a permanent place can be carried out when 3-5 true leaves appear on the seedlings.

blackberry pruning

The formation of blackberries is an important stage of care, necessary for the process of formation of berries. The procedure is carried out only with a sharp instrument in order to avoid injury to the bush. The pruning algorithm depends on the variety of blackberry, which is divided into upright (bramble) and creeping (dewberry).

The need for a procedure

Almost all varieties of blackberries bear fruit only once - in the second year. During the first season, a bush and stems are formed, and then it begins to bloom and produce a crop.

Pruning allows you to restart the fruiting cycle, as well as improve the quality and taste of berries, and avoid crowding. Young bushes are pruned to stimulate flowering for the next season.

When to conduct?

Pruning is carried out 3-4 times during the period of active growth. For the first time, it is advisable to carry out the procedure in the spring after the end of spring frosts. You can determine the required time by the presence of young buds actively appearing on the plant.

The next pruning is called tweezing, it is carried out when the shoots have already grown, and the last formation of the bush occurs at the end of the season - the procedure is carried out before preparing the plant for winter.

Blackberry calories

Blackberry is a dietary and low-calorie product, so
as in its raw form, it contains only 31 kcal. frozen blackberries
has a high content of carbohydrates, and its calorie content is
64 kcal per 100 g of product. Energy value of canned
blackberries - 92 kcal. Excessive use of this product may
cause excess weight.

Nutritional value per 100 grams:

Useful properties of blackberries

Blackberries contain a full range of nutritional and medicinal
substances, including sucrose, glucose, fructose (up to
5%), lemon, wine, apple, salicylic and others
organic acids, vitamins of groups B, C,
E, K,
R, RR,
provitamin A, minerals (potassium salts,
copper and manganese)
tannins and aromatic compounds, pectin substances,
fiber and other macro-
and micronutrients.

Also in the fruits of blackberries there are such mineral
substances such as sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus,
iron, copper, nickel, manganese, molybdenum, chromium, barium,
vanadium, cobalt, strontium, titanium.

Blackberry leaves are rich in tannins (up to 20
%), (mainly leukoanthocyanides and flavonols),
vitamin C (ascorbic acid), amino acids and
minerals.

Blackberry seeds contain 12% fatty oil.

In folk medicine, fresh blackberries are used
to strengthen the body and saturate it with vitamins.

With atherosclerosis, it is useful to eat berries
blackberries in any form.

Eating blackberries improves
blood composition.

The leaves stimulate digestion. Their decoction treats eczema
and inflammation of the skin, used for pathological menopause,
gargle with sore throat, stomatitis. Drink a decoction of branches
with neurosis of the heart. Blackberry helps with adhesive disease,
that results from operations.

Leaf infusion has wound healing, anti-inflammatory,
diaphoretic and diuretic properties. It is also used for disorders
nervous system and heart disease.

From blackberry leaves, herbalists prepared a wonderful
tea: fresh leaves were placed in a closed enameled
dishes, kept until complete withering and darkening,
after which they were dried in air and brewed with boiling water.

Crushed blackberry leaves can be applied
to wounds, abscesses, bruises, they treat lichen, eczema, trophic
ulcers and other skin diseases.

An infusion of the leaves is also useful for gum disease,
in this case, it is used as a rinse.

Healing and decoction of blackberry roots. It is believed that its use
good effect as a diuretic in dropsy.

With diarrhea, gastritis, as an additional remedy for
dysentery, food poisoning, gastric ulcer
and duodenal infusion of the leaves are prepared several
otherwise: 1 tablespoon of dry chopped raw materials is poured
1 cup boiling water, insist 3 hours in a thermos. accept
1/2 cup 3-4 times a day 20 minutes before meals. At
gastrointestinal bleeding and enterocolitis infusion
should be taken every 2 hours.

Inflammation of the upper respiratory tract and pulmonary
bleeding is useful to drink a decoction of the roots or leaves of blackberries:
20 g of dry crushed raw materials are poured into 1 glass
boiling water and boil for 20 minutes, then insist for
3 hours, filter and bring the volume to the original

a day before meals.

For gargling with pharyngitis, tonsillitis and tonsillitis
use a decoction of blackberry roots. For this purpose 20
g of dry crushed raw materials are boiled in 1 glass of water
for 20 minutes, then insist 3 hours, filter
and bring the volume of liquid to the original boiled water.

With stomatitis, the mouth is rinsed with an infusion of the leaves of the plant.
Prepare it as follows: 4 tablespoons of dry
crushed raw materials pour 2 cups of boiling water, insist
half an hour and strain. Can be chewed to strengthen gums
fresh blackberry leaves.

With ascites, a decoction of blackberry roots is used: 15 g of dry
chopped raw materials are boiled in 11/2 cups of water for
15 minutes, filter and bring the volume of liquid to the original
boiled water. Take 1 tablespoon per
every 2 hours.

With urolithiasis with therapeutic and prophylactic
purpose, especially in the preoperative period, when not
the type of stones is established, take a decoction of the roots or leaves
blackberries: 20 g of dry chopped raw materials are boiled in 1
a glass of water for 20 minutes, then insist 3
hours, filter and bring the volume of liquid to the original
boiled water. Take 2 tablespoons 3-4 times
a day before meals.

With menopausal neurosis, they drink tea from fresh berries
blackberries.

In diabetes, it is useful to eat berries
blackberries in any quantity. In addition, you can take
infusion of leaves, which is prepared as follows: 2
teaspoons of dry crushed raw materials are poured into 1 glass
boiling water and insist for 30 minutes. Drink strained
per day in three doses.

Juice is prepared from ripe juicy blackberries and young
leaves. Blackberry juice is very effective for tracheitis,
bronchitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, febrile conditions,
anemia, gynecological diseases, colitis,
dysentery, diarrhea. Blackberry juice has a general tonic
and calming effect. Leaf juice is used
for the treatment of wounds, dermatosis, trophic ulcers, lichen,
eczema, gum disease, tonsillitis, pharyngitis and stomatitis.
Inside, the juice of fresh leaves is taken as a diaphoretic and
diuretic, as well as gastritis, diarrhea,
anemia and as a sedative.

Sources

• https://countryhouse.pro/kak-posadit-ezheviku-vesnoj/
• http://SpecialFood.ru/produkty/ezhevika/
• http://profermu.com/sad/kustarniki/ejevika/sorta-e/besshipnaya.html
• https://rassada.info/ezhevika/uhod-vyirashhivanie-razmnozhenie.html
• https://edaplus.info/produce/blackberry.html

Garden blackberries are now grown in almost every summer cottage or garden plot. Most cultivars are unpretentious and give high yields. But in order for the bush to develop well and bear fruit abundantly, regular rejuvenation of the bush is necessary, as well as periodic transplantation of blackberries to another place. And if planting for culture is preferable in the spring, then it is recommended to transplant blackberries or plant bushes in the fall. About when and how best to transplant, so that the plants take root and acclimatize, will be discussed in the article.

It would seem that blackberries grow in the garden, bear fruit, and why bother, replant, and worry about whether it will take root. The fact is that the culture grows well in one place for 10-12 years, and then the bush begins to age, which is manifested by a decrease in yield, a decrease in the number of young shoots. When this begins to happen, the bush is recommended to be transplanted to another place. From the point of view of biologists, transplantation renews and rejuvenates the plant, after which it can bear fruit for the same number of years. Also, transplanting can solve the problem of redevelopment of the site or planting too large a bush.

In transplanting blackberry bushes, two stages can be distinguished: preparatory and main. The preparatory stage consists in the selection and preparation of the site. This takes into account the following points:

• a place must be chosen open to the sun, but at the same time calm - a site on a small hill is best, as the blackberry does not tolerate excessive humidity and stagnant water, or along the fence on the south or south-west side;
• the site must be cleared of debris, foliage, roots, if tape planting is planned (in trenches), then the soil can be dug up - if you suspect the presence of larvae or spores of fungal diseases, it is recommended to pour the site with a disinfectant solution (salt, potassium permanganate, or copper sulfate);
• the soil for blackberries should be loose, fertile and slightly sour - loamy or sandy soil with the addition of peat, humus is ideal.

The main stage consists of the following activities:

• planting beds (plantations) - blackberry bushes are planted in a row at a distance of 1.5–2 m for varieties with erect shoots, and 2–3 m for creeping varieties, the distance between rows is 1.8–2.5 m (depending on varieties);
• devices for planting pits or trenches - pits are dug for blackberries with a depth of 0.5 m and a width according to the size of the rhizome, with a trench method, a recess is dug up to 0.5 m deep, 2 m or more in length;
• fertilizer application - as with planting, fertilizers are added to the planting pit (humus or compost 0.5–1 bucket, mineral mixture 100 g), which are mixed with part of the soil;
• digging a bush from its former place - the earth around the bush is deeply loosened (to make it easier to dig), then carefully dig the bush from all sides and take it out along with a clod of earth (the roots are not shaken off);
• an adult bush has a very long main root, and it is not easy to dig it out, so if necessary, you can chop off this part of the root;
• then a bush is placed in the planting hole, the roots are straightened, covered with the remaining earth, and compacted;
• after transplanting, the bush is watered, and the soil around it is mulched.

Autumn transplant of a blackberry bush

Blackberry bushes can be transplanted very early in the spring, until the plant begins to move the juices, or in the fall, after the end of fruiting. Since the soil is often frozen in early spring, and transplanting at this time is very difficult, many gardeners transplant bushes in the fall. Autumn transplanting is suitable for regions with a temperate and southern climate, where there are no early frosts, and winters are relatively warm.

Transplantation should be carried out a couple of months before the onset of constant cold weather - this time is enough for the bush to take root and not freeze in winter. It is good if the plant is transferred to a new place along with an earthy clod - in this case, the adaptation process will be easier. In any case, after transplanting, it is imperative to cover the blackberry for the winter with a thick layer of mulch made from sawdust, straw, dry foliage or peat. Snow can also be used for shelter by spreading it over the mulch in an even layer.

In autumn, not only adult plants are transplanted, but also young seedlings obtained from the roots of the mother bush - offspring. These shoots appear around the bush throughout the summer. By the fall, they grow up and gain strength, so planting offspring in the autumn period is considered the most successful. Many gardeners plant young shoots in summer, but by mid-summer they are usually 10-15 cm high and still quite weak, while autumn specimens are much stronger and more successful in their adaptation.

Creeping varieties of blackberries practically do not have offspring. It is propagated by layering. To do this, at the end of summer, a young and healthy shoot is tilted to the ground, fixed, and sprinkled with earth so that the top remains on the surface. With good humidity, in about a month, roots will sprout at the site of bud formation, and in September, a young bush can already be transplanted to its permanent place. Also in the fall, seating (dividing a bush) is practiced in order to renew blackberry plantings.

Proper blackberry care

Caring for adult bushes is quite simple. If the aisles are covered with mulch, then the need for loosening and weeding disappears by itself.

At first, the transplanted bush needs frequent watering (1-2 times / 1 week if there is no rain), and then, when it takes root, watering is carried out only when necessary (abnormal heat, drought, fruiting period).

The main care measures remain pruning and shelter for the winter. For blackberries, two prunings are required: in spring, and in autumn, after harvesting. For some varieties, thinning pruning may be needed in the summer, but the main ones are autumn pruning, which is also preparatory for winter, and spring.

In September (for late varieties at the beginning of October), when fruiting is completely over, all old shoots (which have fruited this year) should be removed at the base. They will no longer produce a crop, and if they are not cut, they will simply create an additional load on the bush. Together with the old shoots, a part of the young branches, the weakest and thinnest, are cut out.

For a good yield on a bush, it is enough to leave 6-8 of the strongest shoots that will yield next year - the rest must be removed at the root. Leaving stumps is not recommended, as they will rot and infect healthy branches. After all unnecessary shoots are removed, the remaining young shoots are shortened by a quarter (20-25 cm), in creeping varieties, a third of the shoot can be cut off.

Now you can start sheltering for the winter. Blackberries do not have high winter hardiness - some of its varieties are not able to survive the winter with a temperature of -10–15 ° C.

To prevent the bushes from freezing, they are covered with a thick layer of mulch. To do this, you need to remove all the shoots from the trellis, lay them on the ground, or bend them if the shoots are upright, and then cover them.

In the spring, when the threat of frost has passed, the blackberries are released from shelter and examined for the safety of the shoots. Healthy branches are flexible, shiny, healthy brownish in color, frozen ones are loose, rough and brittle. Dead branches are removed during spring pruning. If there are 4-6 shoots left on the bush, we can assume that he has successfully survived the winter and will delight in a bountiful harvest in the summer. If there are 3 or fewer healthy branches left on the bush, then you won’t be able to count on a high yield, but the berries will grow larger and sweeter.

Video "Transplanting a blackberry bush"

How to properly transplant a blackberry to a new place, the expert will tell in this video.